{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"ca12f125ceea","filters":{"venue":"EU PVSEC"}},"results":[{"id":"W2260447915","doi":"10.4229/26theupvsec2011-1ao.8.6","title":"Progress in I-Module: Towards Improved Performance, Reliability and Module-Level Fabrication Technologies for Back-Contact PV Modules Based on Ultra-Thin Silicon Solar Cells","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reliability (semiconductor); Interconnection; Fabrication; Common emitter; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Silicon; Coating; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Telecommunications; Physics; Power (physics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02263211285308025,"gpt":0.217496142300126,"spread":0.1948640294470458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003869168,0.0003476204,0.0003692496,0.000333756,0.00008094101,0.00004549502,0.0003957057,0.0004375379,0.00001733664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001517777,0.0003185474,0.00008235199,0.0002918344,0.0001703045,0.0002657404,0.00004868716,0.0004103905,0.00001794441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002601213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005267554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003030183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984546,0.00002631512,0.0003945022,0.0005126011,0.0001416986,0.0004702269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990049,0.00007349735,0.00007636211,0.000724915,0.00007142292,0.00004892467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006117178,0.0008483107,0.1262526,0.002336708,0.0001022505,0.000008460705,0.001984144,0.004955446,0.1081265,0.0008369857,0.0006061445,0.7533308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000789754,0.0003423059,0.09096292,0.00006164888,0.000009913905,8.314643e-7,0.0002334362,0.4373469,0.4692743,0.0002618388,0.0003731356,0.0003430026],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991933,0.0003020586,0.003380265,0.0001245678,0.0002556028,0.001120159,0.00005411725,0.001516151,0.001314058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892274,0.0002262677,0.01005061,0.00003225887,0.00001828559,0.0003404048,0.00001932592,0.00005283154,0.00003260134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7529878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2213334083","doi":"10.4229/25theupvsec2010-4bv.1.43","title":"Conducted EMI Consideration in Grid-Connected PV System Interface","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"EMI; Interface (matter); Grid; Photovoltaic system; Electrical engineering; Electromagnetic interference; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005084774294489613,"gpt":0.205480737998344,"spread":0.2003959637038544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001365663,0.0001216261,0.0001614397,0.00007992007,0.00003613341,0.00003209598,0.00009060712,0.0001117759,0.0003628382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009578821,0.0001208417,0.00002532072,0.0001505739,0.00002512441,0.0001026721,0.00002035855,0.0003927636,0.0000887761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004637718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002127589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008332933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001272737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992548,0.00004630231,0.000247062,0.0001691736,0.00008881441,0.0001938084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995257,0.0001139506,0.00002150885,0.0002472445,0.00003799372,0.00005360061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001468541,0.00002160037,0.0006570283,0.0001063722,0.000008201393,0.000008828334,0.0005486654,0.001089596,0.9932454,0.0005272668,0.003282339,0.000490057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001284721,0.0001058997,0.02401317,0.0002184896,0.00001488711,0.00005898932,0.000295457,0.1565281,0.8132509,0.0002069489,0.003588656,0.0004337379],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992943,0.0001386218,0.0001309703,0.00008811534,0.001438456,0.0002013762,0.000006294454,0.000413293,0.004639821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993198,0.000002511596,0.0004137682,0.00001575611,0.0001375225,0.0000154257,0.00001741572,0.00001759625,0.00006021987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1799944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.492778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2927933956","doi":"10.4229/35theupvsec20182018-6do.10.6","title":"Radiometer Response Time and Irradiance Measurement Accuracy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Irradiance; Radiometer; Remote sensing; Radiometry; Environmental science; Computer science; Optics; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04485308904773463,"gpt":0.2569691602065993,"spread":0.2121160711588646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001061594,0.0001127471,0.0001211235,0.0001271165,0.00006804153,0.00003511726,0.00009497797,0.00006313082,0.0003295857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001104736,0.0001105626,0.00002586497,0.0001661845,0.00007292549,0.000139431,0.00002307067,0.0001058623,0.0007417942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009527691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001419677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002957299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002128063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999211,0.0001476497,0.0001316571,0.0001434435,0.000157295,0.0002089668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993903,0.0002411795,0.00001909643,0.0002264091,0.00006383767,0.00005914626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002269075,0.000005957278,0.00006221714,0.00002398893,0.00005943387,0.00001100964,0.001038069,0.0002428457,0.9663906,0.0000229461,0.01213306,0.01978295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006471633,0.0002751908,0.02875782,0.00004573269,0.00002082388,0.00006451336,0.00006577707,0.008558647,0.7154882,0.0005978791,0.2449614,0.0005168411],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878689,0.0008168464,0.004824853,0.0002369807,0.0009424737,0.000156972,0.000008237398,0.0006433624,0.004501356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8852882,0.00004740966,0.1126907,0.0002871704,0.0005318842,0.00002683125,0.000001163962,0.00005930962,0.001067408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2509024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9534512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6966463839","doi":"10.4229/eupvsec20202020-6bv.5.12","title":"The Potential of PV Module Tilt and Technology for Tuning Daily Energy Yield across the Year","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Irradiance; Photovoltaic system; Tilt (camera); Energy consumption; Yield (engineering); Solar energy; Electric potential energy; Energy (signal processing)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01398145588502312,"gpt":0.2373657137981395,"spread":0.2233842579131164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001772386,0.00009539562,0.000145799,0.00002478401,0.0002098998,0.00003740706,0.0003296315,0.000114296,0.00001796949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002534669,0.00006177022,0.00004446822,0.0002124719,0.000164592,0.00004555816,0.0001590149,0.00008169092,0.000003322695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001084016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002088408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005996069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001982443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999266,0.0000328761,0.0002217824,0.0001743223,0.0001134666,0.0001914995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993371,0.0001283495,0.0001173623,0.0002851604,0.00009912567,0.00003294356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004450796,0.00007093035,0.0008658952,0.0001613933,0.0004408872,0.00001176608,0.004456425,0.007878411,0.5396471,0.3152814,0.04672847,0.08401229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007138936,0.0002710115,0.0001061115,0.00005073709,0.00003300868,0.00001531711,0.002721575,0.0925447,0.528542,0.007707403,0.3670304,0.0002638309],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1990751,0.003721121,0.7308214,0.03818865,0.001138974,0.002016229,0.000267251,0.002280495,0.02249077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969678,0.00007482303,0.001849595,0.0004359792,0.0001094915,0.00005688512,0.000004424148,0.00002612269,0.000474859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7978927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2518917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2226122904","doi":"10.4229/26theupvsec2011-3av.2.59","title":"Silane Plasma Characteristics Of The DC Saddle Field PECVD System in a Tetrode Configuration","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Plasma; Silane; Saddle; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01195715594629918,"gpt":0.1754289143931323,"spread":0.1634717584468331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004193772,0.00006109777,0.00009341836,0.00002702266,0.00001978313,0.000006902536,0.0001128151,0.00004628931,0.000029505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004501206,0.00005054755,0.00002238656,0.00008635617,0.00001088924,0.00002288849,0.00001284736,0.00008664542,0.00005212958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002179562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008791116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005954046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008340927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996076,0.000007514984,0.0001723064,0.00006318559,0.00005893163,0.0000904367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996694,0.00008484971,0.00003508789,0.000172221,0.00001800826,0.00002048432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001284042,0.0009716651,0.1417116,0.002635241,0.0003130788,0.00009161361,0.01796374,0.008132399,0.3131456,0.4590312,0.02461026,0.03126525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005542487,0.00006207616,0.3118911,0.0003090608,0.00003852463,0.0000149312,0.0003877669,0.06302126,0.6136935,0.0002030425,0.009497406,0.0003270182],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772952,0.000009765146,0.0002760325,0.00004865637,0.0001991364,0.0001310851,0.00004605969,0.00004604957,0.02194803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996649,0.00001012383,0.0001633567,0.00001926899,0.00003627331,0.00002858143,0.000008865498,0.000009082189,0.00005952307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4588281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2061269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2283847357","doi":"10.4229/28theupvsec2013-2bo.1.2","title":"Research Status of 5 Inch ELPS Solar Cells and Modules at Canadian Solar Inc.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Engineering physics; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01411186713353009,"gpt":0.2226995411928184,"spread":0.2085876740592883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002309131,0.000107028,0.0001246595,0.0002925786,0.0001240847,0.00004610058,0.0001092404,0.000110034,0.0005420216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002379711,0.0001136265,0.00001474435,0.0002319041,0.00006585492,0.0002676327,0.0000643274,0.0002276374,0.0004257763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000259156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006146859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06704886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04488477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988883,0.00003637612,0.0001673518,0.0001424286,0.0002021239,0.0005634451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992934,0.00004175992,0.00001731594,0.0002426196,0.0001230734,0.0002818054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003891066,0.0001038526,0.06879026,0.001487136,0.0002804548,0.00005564947,0.01387773,0.4523501,0.2808228,0.0002539617,0.1193322,0.06260688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003899442,0.0000676034,0.03025118,0.00003995589,0.000008391608,0.000005076197,0.0003937858,0.8774443,0.04845812,0.00007860956,0.04255895,0.0003040825],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884493,0.00049139,0.0001827344,0.00003070344,0.0001466069,0.0002630489,0.00003049203,0.00005523213,0.01035043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951969,0.0009944631,0.003374212,0.00001904592,0.00005106641,0.00001918997,0.00003658816,0.00004125207,0.00026723],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4250942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9725436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2202277809","doi":"10.4229/28theupvsec2013-3bo.8.2","title":"Atomic Layer Deposition of Zn(O,S) Buffer for CIGS-Based Solar Cells","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EU PVSEC","topic":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells; Atomic layer deposition; Buffer (optical fiber); Layer (electronics); Deposition (geology); Materials science; Thin film solar cell; Optoelectronics; Zinc; Chemical engineering; Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Geology; Engineering; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01458733795492871,"gpt":0.2100241927896844,"spread":0.1954368548347557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007333503,0.000146874,0.0001777981,0.00008301286,0.00002561817,0.00002087431,0.0001416666,0.0001115954,0.0005064341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001240201,0.0001525457,0.0001140502,0.00008212618,0.00001954926,0.0001374261,0.00001538955,0.0001012581,0.0003396902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006061747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001450069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001098729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001713432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992634,0.00001289442,0.0002295972,0.0001492863,0.0001099475,0.0002348716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994965,0.00007251298,0.00003807692,0.0002638439,0.000063283,0.00006583602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005805007,0.00001638403,0.00007650475,0.0001331011,0.00003123885,8.409554e-7,0.0001173811,0.001717011,0.9883552,0.0000423884,0.008974237,0.0005299213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004730654,0.00002945363,0.0003803195,0.00003172599,0.00002228288,0.00000194376,0.00002175922,0.04842133,0.9484468,0.0001648134,0.001833978,0.0001725244],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923437,0.0001631477,0.00536867,0.00004496764,0.000590663,0.0004534306,0.00006133911,0.0001939247,0.0007801431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957222,0.000006806896,0.0037611,0.0001122408,0.0001154629,0.00006854303,0.00004501802,0.00006159777,0.0001070826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04670432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6220632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}