{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":121,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":121,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"2e4378f4171e","filters":{"venue":"Earth and Space Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W3087471357","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001321","title":"NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole‐Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":452,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation; Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort; Canon Foundation for Scientific Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Thermosphere; Atmospheric sciences; Stratosphere; Mesosphere; Troposphere; Altitude (triangle); Atmosphere (unit); Atmospheric models; Earth's magnetic field; Environmental science; Atmospheric temperature; Physics; Ionosphere; Meteorology; Geophysics; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02247947925407449,"gpt":0.217151795572302,"spread":0.1946723163182275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001536947,0.0001297945,0.0002025245,0.000006021365,0.0002668669,0.000137896,0.0001479962,0.00004942449,0.0001689138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005082671,0.00009753348,0.00002976162,0.0003984135,0.0009199036,0.0004030418,0.00003609532,0.0001359689,0.00001632616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.209223e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001264213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001290221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003499946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989332,0.00001965409,0.0001316314,0.0003365674,0.0002663113,0.000312666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994331,0.0000390439,0.00004895018,0.0001061643,0.00004832726,0.0003244194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001139771,0.0000161479,0.9442079,0.00009371532,0.0000135959,0.00002359339,0.008290229,0.02115428,0.01829121,0.0005922519,0.001261181,0.005941905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003520424,0.0003993387,0.7145901,0.00002524103,0.00002045167,0.00002341951,0.004874193,0.2735111,0.003809032,0.0002939522,0.001776113,0.0003249951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918433,0.0008363642,0.00005613828,0.003972204,0.00004386268,0.00007010315,0.00003810899,0.00002529288,0.003114621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941686,0.0002255498,0.003997888,0.0009478122,0.00004890606,2.092524e-7,0.000002556786,0.000002214062,0.0006062366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2523569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2730847470","doi":"10.1002/2016ea000252","title":"The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mast cameras and Descent imager: Investigation and instrument descriptions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Cardinal point; Field of view; Focal length; Mars Exploration Program; Optics; Focus (optics); Lens (geology); Pixel; Physics; Azimuth; Remote sensing; Mast (botany); Geology; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01397448439798333,"gpt":0.2171630851800927,"spread":0.2031886007821094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007487359,0.00007735033,0.00005680273,0.00005554395,0.004272263,0.001457843,0.0002286801,0.000008967287,0.000003274654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004314584,0.00005539839,0.000005944761,0.0001968797,0.004199671,0.002060546,0.0001243506,0.0000759682,0.000009354676],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007606538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002502464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002365154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009857372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990968,0.00001391427,0.00007627636,0.0002876594,0.0002633063,0.0002621165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993836,0.00001530812,0.00007717297,0.0002328204,0.00007297505,0.000218161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006170849,0.00001021617,0.8099584,0.00000412559,0.000002648237,9.704609e-7,0.001329245,0.00001392874,0.1248265,0.02198056,0.0001239321,0.04174335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001881744,0.00005374795,0.9771606,0.00002090407,0.000005633817,0.000002870539,0.001455714,0.005052473,0.01100446,0.002757256,0.002150643,0.0001475161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967579,0.00009201484,0.0001382594,0.002228025,0.0001439134,0.0001055951,0.00001050607,0.000006763875,0.0005170396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986464,0.00007594221,0.001060431,0.00006221534,0.00003634143,0.000003775611,0.000002200274,0.000001569192,0.0001110604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1672022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097553621","doi":"10.1002/2015ea000102","title":"Radar signatures of snowflake riming: A modeling study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Snowflake; Radar; Homogeneous; Precipitation; Meteorology; Physics; Computer science; Statistical physics; Telecommunications; Snow","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02016975777682011,"gpt":0.2392146966099608,"spread":0.2190449388331406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005767311,0.0000796867,0.00010289,0.000002841435,0.0001479567,0.00003341107,0.0002181749,0.00002134558,0.00008198575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007049222,0.00006156287,0.00001483168,0.0003656136,0.0003912802,0.0002193574,0.0001986086,0.00007550904,0.00001916183],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001330229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004517653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004437925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001702811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988624,0.00001757255,0.00009957563,0.0002750828,0.0005211396,0.0002242474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995476,0.000009359134,0.00004158018,0.0001753202,0.00001625093,0.0002099124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001478671,0.000818259,0.6639501,0.00001633963,0.000015898,0.00004500645,0.04109075,0.1283937,0.12763,0.001645718,0.00169664,0.03454967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00273382,0.00250367,0.3277648,0.00004062815,0.00004839526,0.00001795057,0.03670594,0.61215,0.009166772,0.001923382,0.005893531,0.001051115],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905638,0.0001196416,0.001590503,0.0001147362,0.00007136064,0.000124368,4.493121e-7,0.00001396354,0.007401172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947599,0.000005016486,0.004696853,0.00004328651,0.00001432908,0.000001579016,7.637766e-8,0.000003394979,0.0004755972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4837563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2510461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124907338","doi":"10.1029/2019ea000914","title":"Improving ECC Ozonesonde Data Quality: Assessment of Current Methods and Outstanding Issues","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Quality (philosophy); Measurement uncertainty; Environmental science; Ozone; Computer science; Meteorology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09822669612556036,"gpt":0.4168540500222586,"spread":0.3186273538966983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00227546,0.0001077932,0.000221857,0.00002239967,0.0002917625,0.0001855975,0.000252191,0.00002519976,0.0002506035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002671277,0.0000860669,0.00001727777,0.0004421522,0.0004225391,0.0006269113,0.0001773735,0.0001204636,0.000002863099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002105711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000264827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007760246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007602184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984723,0.0001321608,0.0002043992,0.0005095672,0.0003697737,0.0003118021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990727,0.0001532739,0.0001161125,0.0004058162,0.00006571537,0.0001863706],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004941555,0.0000136497,0.5336829,0.00008475103,0.00000594399,0.00000610515,0.0004021613,0.00003866307,0.005608813,0.001248292,0.00002470627,0.4588791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002771557,0.00009762978,0.8989385,0.00005666364,0.00002584124,0.00002288315,0.003219985,0.08513051,0.003240073,0.0005400497,0.00818092,0.0002697922],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9563569,0.01599254,0.02283838,0.0007298092,0.0004832541,0.0001131649,0.00009091682,0.00002847932,0.003366552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8369536,0.001616825,0.1610693,0.00005030588,0.00004691114,2.375771e-7,0.00001936488,0.000002114477,0.0002413184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4586093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3509706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910633420","doi":"10.1029/2018ea000482","title":"Mineral‐Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Guelph","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Nuclear Security Administration; Arizona State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Geology; Impact crater; Mars Exploration Program; Martian; Vein; Sedimentary rock; Diagenesis; Lithology; Geochemistry; Petrology; Astrobiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005751557337535169,"gpt":0.215012345030727,"spread":0.2092607876931919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003656952,0.00005688441,0.00007357186,0.00006998439,0.0001126522,0.00003974568,0.0002067747,0.00001348,0.0001166123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009436154,0.00003046397,0.00002192762,0.000371092,0.0001865061,0.0005184809,0.00002229815,0.00005425359,0.00001789163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001961562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007859481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001414136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007598259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992967,0.00003356149,0.0001255526,0.0001151413,0.0003081835,0.0001208206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996763,0.00002871982,0.00008778209,0.0001467412,0.00003310655,0.00002733898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002228549,0.00008155872,0.7316433,0.00001847865,0.000005972406,2.553627e-7,0.01038819,0.01434925,0.2346088,0.003813535,0.001061008,0.004007351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004098936,0.00006181577,0.8839405,0.00002450113,0.000004222256,0.000001033811,0.001774486,0.02478416,0.0860225,0.0005335004,0.002331913,0.000111505],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977857,0.00002488783,0.00007328367,0.0005016481,0.00008554476,0.0001558541,0.00002120236,0.000001331391,0.001350484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994406,0.000004397808,0.0002350429,0.0001200154,0.00002181574,0.000002573024,0.00002939407,0.000001028016,0.0001451035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1522972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1276823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751607760","doi":"10.1002/2016ea000204","title":"Global and Brazilian Carbon Response to El Niño Modoki 2011–2010","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Ames Research Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Carbon cycle; Primary production; Carbon flux; Environmental science; Flux (metallurgy); Atmospheric sciences; Carbon fibers; Productivity; Ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Global change; Satellite; Climate change; Amazon basin; Climatology; Amazon rainforest; Physics; Chemistry; Ecology; Mathematics; Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004947747215922305,"gpt":0.2221380590995255,"spread":0.2171903118836032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005037158,0.0001330488,0.0001067604,0.000007035106,0.0008064308,0.0001774339,0.0003903008,0.0000447059,0.0001153256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009085924,0.0001175238,0.00001549899,0.00009653251,0.001898441,0.0003868667,0.0006852666,0.00007053727,0.00009991214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006460396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001910763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001810986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005407398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998654,0.0000206148,0.00008163982,0.0004886553,0.0003553276,0.0003997503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999009,0.00001270321,0.00005276552,0.0004705121,0.00000299558,0.0004520146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001372299,0.00002287934,0.9626344,0.000001955529,0.000001740979,0.00001538727,0.0004144428,0.002274766,0.01568366,0.0001126921,0.0001409751,0.0185599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001761502,0.000112085,0.9868495,0.000004301269,0.000003107937,0.00001702532,0.0001005728,0.009365297,0.0001682041,0.0002121943,0.002830644,0.0001608539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883589,0.0000332635,0.0004237788,0.002073716,0.0001608307,0.0001309152,0.000002823461,0.00001667261,0.008799092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882792,0.00003529786,0.006177431,0.0002655439,0.0000164496,0.000002635559,1.036289e-7,0.000005119849,0.005218263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02421519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6994883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296822183","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002459","title":"An Examination of the Recent Stability of Ozonesonde Global Network Data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Microwave Limb Sounder; Depth sounding; Meteorology; Climatology; Ozone; Geography; Geology; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02564460307807323,"gpt":0.2412040918474403,"spread":0.2155594887693671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001611348,0.00005084845,0.00008643015,0.000004272218,0.0003967256,0.00001999068,0.0006299401,0.00001055107,0.0009775161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005123809,0.00003527411,0.00001086827,0.0009043316,0.0004745341,0.000299424,0.0001413996,0.0000635413,0.000001216429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003085352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000155765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006669506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00141631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988612,0.0001095921,0.0001217126,0.0002484653,0.000469556,0.0001894785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992619,0.00002624916,0.00010379,0.0004976154,0.00003999264,0.00007043544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001528911,0.00002082038,0.9248292,0.000006041653,0.000001374366,3.538206e-7,0.0002579514,0.003355801,0.0001473898,0.0002568227,0.00005006659,0.07105882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006548414,0.0001293248,0.97431,0.000002089664,0.00000410567,0.000003303639,0.0008542414,0.02265044,0.0001456414,0.0001872981,0.00160339,0.00004460951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957377,0.0003047796,0.00005287653,0.0002420341,0.0002144757,0.00009755484,0.0001426509,0.000006267699,0.003201666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988593,0.00006078656,0.0009750086,0.00005515328,0.00001659358,2.290475e-7,0.00001449507,5.465295e-7,0.00001785657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07101422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3029204990","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001281","title":"Pervasive Warming Bias in CMIP6 Tropospheric Layers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Troposphere; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climatology; Environmental science; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Consistency (knowledge bases); Global warming; Meteorology; Climate change; Geology; Geography; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03375859063156888,"gpt":0.2363107516359216,"spread":0.2025521610043527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000373386,0.00007894212,0.00009456289,0.00001585814,0.0001550509,0.00005658254,0.0001815924,0.00002330469,0.0005201274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000214715,0.00006879992,0.00001834669,0.0006822529,0.000580435,0.0003808324,0.0001873795,0.0001016673,0.0001460355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002688633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003044575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004398912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002808128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989322,0.00002416522,0.00009526107,0.0003832915,0.000262922,0.0003020888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995877,0.00003802517,0.00002654772,0.0001133059,0.000004584057,0.0002298488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005243799,0.00008371795,0.7541783,0.00003081317,0.000002233509,0.00004269585,0.02266064,0.03091033,0.1768363,0.001417612,0.0002998791,0.01348499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001166524,0.0004753677,0.5847225,0.00003838695,0.000009923374,0.00001912358,0.005071831,0.3767092,0.01156582,0.001009299,0.01847287,0.0007391662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892425,0.000030023,0.000314732,0.003609207,0.00004057333,0.0001070521,0.000001448831,0.00002029055,0.006634159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967644,0.0000420208,0.0022757,0.0007706661,0.0000122241,0.000002153487,2.29014e-7,0.000003115729,0.000129547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3457988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5695029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087420884","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001248","title":"Location and Setting of the Mars InSight Lander, Instruments, and Landing Site","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Mars Exploration Program; Mars landing; Geology; Astrobiology; Exploration of Mars; Moon landing; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Geodesy; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009526471568531942,"gpt":0.1950239527410322,"spread":0.1854974811725002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001073723,0.00003495172,0.00004216864,0.00001604377,0.0001830313,0.00005854583,0.0000436035,0.000005765191,0.000002120928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008690917,0.00002364744,0.000003887801,0.000233249,0.0001346116,0.0003540183,0.0000436457,0.00003600081,0.000001969284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.044453e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002977467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006552791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002058715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996585,0.000007576331,0.00004523175,0.0001158068,0.00009411583,0.00007881061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998488,0.000009015194,0.00003389912,0.00003965191,0.00001299956,0.00005559592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002366156,0.000001891055,0.9764493,0.000007804791,0.000001044064,5.011031e-8,0.002422211,0.00003957322,0.01429126,0.001012432,0.00001889676,0.005753246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002114623,0.00003995225,0.957279,0.00002876397,0.000004779693,0.000001169369,0.001126556,0.03572195,0.004490751,0.0002808781,0.0007387025,0.00007601696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975922,0.00004936418,0.0004034897,0.00146362,0.00002444131,0.00004943705,0.000002821082,0.000002824906,0.0004117677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999666,0.00001130505,0.0001859841,0.00008715992,0.00002008173,3.670123e-7,0.000002990451,6.90502e-7,0.00002542545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03568238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1407747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3046782112","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001140","title":"Machine Learning Models for the Seasonal Forecast of Winter Surface Air Temperature in North America","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hindcast; Forecast skill; Climatology; Meteorology; Geopotential height; Environmental science; Support vector machine; Computer science; Machine learning; Geography; Geology; Precipitation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01898358312562208,"gpt":0.2141707682074297,"spread":0.1951871850818076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003032171,0.0000788594,0.0001065138,0.00001066525,0.0001862878,0.00002679169,0.0002073981,0.00002000907,0.0000689781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009911778,0.00005267797,0.00002912398,0.0004663368,0.0006110967,0.00028555,0.0001548101,0.0001455984,0.000005064204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001083517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002430755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001861651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007993074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991481,0.00002181524,0.00009657885,0.0002826484,0.0002239027,0.0002269848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996423,0.00009573061,0.00004019856,0.0001023247,0.00001132334,0.0001081189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005543946,0.0000195554,0.1068677,0.00001290057,0.000001650302,5.894968e-7,0.003930123,0.8771347,0.01004169,0.0001613225,0.0000457609,0.001728516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000192259,0.0001148631,0.03077317,0.000005586434,0.000003086218,0.000001129794,0.0002888027,0.965099,0.0005264362,0.00008558155,0.002830678,0.00007933925],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929186,0.00008779078,0.002147003,0.004015661,0.00002267509,0.0002123104,0.00002523368,0.000009536069,0.0005612405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974846,0.00005432732,0.001872184,0.0004362807,0.000009280649,0.000003165415,0.000002048991,0.000003610012,0.0001345533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08796433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2251611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796452566","doi":"10.1002/2018ea000370","title":"Production of Sulfates Onboard an Aircraft: Implications for the Cost and Feasibility of Stratospheric Solar Geoengineering","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stratosphere; Environmental science; Geoengineering; Sulfate; Radiative forcing; Sulfate aerosol; Sulfur; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Chemistry; Climate change; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0317870061923371,"gpt":0.2692320775700586,"spread":0.2374450713777215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003099137,0.00005103475,0.00006245781,0.0000132047,0.0001752773,0.00001804772,0.00009738592,0.00001292173,0.00001703436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009567198,0.00003762029,0.000009172488,0.0003080812,0.0006939408,0.0002426878,0.00005316409,0.00002689169,7.436478e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000771089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000929017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000749846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002154685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994971,0.000003856529,0.00007687184,0.0001913686,0.00008413459,0.0001466576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996626,0.00002706446,0.00003403672,0.0001842669,0.0000319962,0.00006004368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001367083,0.00002811866,0.1541569,0.00003036767,0.000002177764,2.793058e-8,0.001225078,0.002106381,0.8273839,0.0002079134,0.00002327724,0.01482213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000707404,0.000164273,0.9197626,0.0000072248,0.00000571687,0.000003153664,0.0002875082,0.01172464,0.06754355,0.0001048316,0.0002661872,0.00005953856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971967,0.00009168281,0.00191129,0.0003997915,0.0000737305,0.0002712846,0.000005484839,0.000009348725,0.00004072607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971563,0.000076925,0.002696665,0.000007510967,0.00002375745,0.000006158122,5.566991e-7,0.000002567838,0.00002961121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7656057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2556854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008769352","doi":"10.1029/2019ea000703","title":"Boundary Layer Parameterizations to Simulate Fog Over Atlantic Canada Waters","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Ocean Frontier Institute; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Visibility; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Environmental science; Meteorology; Dissipation; Mesoscale meteorology; Spectroradiometer; Satellite; Boundary layer; Remote sensing; Geology; Physics; Reflectivity; Optics; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0210996951864358,"gpt":0.2160414906585366,"spread":0.1949417954721008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001454297,0.0000981064,0.0001186141,0.00004423712,0.000488975,0.0001792984,0.0001887962,0.00001997327,0.0008643427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001846876,0.00007239464,0.00001635014,0.0006040659,0.0001926695,0.000228,0.00002744747,0.00008014553,0.00007484946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002983272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002433646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0679801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09988934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988354,0.00002851144,0.0001189242,0.0003301148,0.000327011,0.0003600385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991087,0.00009579895,0.00002518011,0.0001151814,0.00003123816,0.0006239028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004065811,0.00000617031,0.8485185,0.00001058223,0.000006736584,0.00002262321,0.0008090177,0.142942,0.002511206,0.0004346899,0.00072226,0.003975552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001280852,0.000137279,0.8675928,0.000003056314,0.000004767878,0.00000141583,0.00005514053,0.09999091,0.00008155271,0.0001783934,0.03166597,0.0001606206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918951,0.00004090402,0.0005610132,0.004548999,0.0001494328,0.0001421456,0.00003206889,0.00002497733,0.002605327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939082,0.00000622627,0.0009931542,0.00483796,0.00004335311,3.908885e-7,0.00001202766,0.000001569091,0.000197117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04295113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9463947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366997946","doi":"10.1029/2023ea002823","title":"Precipitation Bias Correction: A Novel Semi‐parametric Quantile Mapping Method","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Quantile; Precipitation; Parametric statistics; Climate model; Environmental science; Marginal distribution; Parametric model; Statistics; Econometrics; Probability distribution; Computer science; Mathematics; Climate change; Meteorology; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06297103948612726,"gpt":0.2977959344611852,"spread":0.2348248949750579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001935209,0.00008638526,0.00009735794,0.0001858429,0.0004130327,0.0001146879,0.0001512571,0.00003756411,0.0002223655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007091022,0.0000784558,0.0000254843,0.003439866,0.0003414653,0.0004848391,0.0001811782,0.00009678901,0.0003562291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003402062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002994502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003850159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001050209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986682,0.00003593876,0.0001242989,0.0004442871,0.0003966869,0.0003306171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993238,0.0002731831,0.00005292709,0.0001904722,0.00001556588,0.0001439806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004587539,0.0002467021,0.2063566,0.00006096722,0.00001123998,0.000008402028,0.01399051,0.232108,0.4464226,0.003601381,0.005728045,0.09141964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001681833,0.00005889643,0.2829596,0.00001475208,0.000003836547,0.00001424177,0.0006259499,0.7041557,0.002812814,0.0004249612,0.008600664,0.0001603749],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9550694,0.00001154302,0.03702333,0.000544271,0.000514019,0.0001728208,0.000003967803,0.0001065219,0.006554146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785014,0.00003951807,0.0183616,0.00009607376,0.00002213629,0.000009772766,0.00000204504,0.000004779952,0.002962703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4720477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4578723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171819109","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001630","title":"Permafrost Dynamics Observatory—Part I: Postprocessing and Calibration Methods of UAVSAR L‐Band InSAR Data for Seasonal Subsidence Estimation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Permafrost; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Radar; Geology; Calibration; Geodesy; Computer science; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08572744157763121,"gpt":0.3299270221365307,"spread":0.2441995805588995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001011038,0.0001100909,0.0001625539,0.00005663235,0.0004113685,0.0002570675,0.0002096731,0.00004703405,0.0001530625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004359471,0.00009878435,0.00001666074,0.0004416486,0.0004433062,0.001410936,0.00005670506,0.00007500393,0.000001173014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003019062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002873944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002934404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00666854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987915,0.00005576353,0.0001720617,0.0004560657,0.0002684832,0.0002561914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990693,0.0002500324,0.00009792901,0.000272899,0.0001438702,0.0001659783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005696513,0.00001673289,0.9217361,0.0002576321,0.000006548677,0.000006946084,0.0008824985,0.0004407067,0.0197688,0.0004787747,0.0001144534,0.05623385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001692647,0.00005426521,0.3335789,0.00005587576,0.0000136049,0.0000300443,0.0005110796,0.6605777,0.004021231,0.0002843172,0.0005817664,0.0001220087],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980018,0.003019503,0.00903309,0.00112009,0.0002579549,0.0001557576,0.006114847,0.00001483276,0.0002658996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514017,0.0006777204,0.04334522,0.0003056545,0.00009614389,0.000001231151,0.004022206,0.00000517665,0.0001450108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6601369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4028309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897732073","doi":"10.1029/2018ea000382","title":"Overcoming the Challenges Associated with Image‐Based Mapping of Small Bodies in Preparation for the OSIRIS‐REx Mission to (101955) Bennu","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Rick Hansen Foundation","funders":"Science Mission Directorate; Goddard Space Flight Center; Marshall Space Flight Center; University of Arizona; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Osiris; Spacecraft; Asteroid; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Sample (material); Constellation; Geography; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Physics; Engineering; Archaeology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02727272335665057,"gpt":0.252598960758451,"spread":0.2253262374018004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007254215,0.0000661589,0.00007556066,0.00004279876,0.0003623166,0.00005786426,0.0001783392,0.000009596775,0.000009821426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004666016,0.00003496268,0.00001351321,0.0002077716,0.0003446176,0.0001502148,0.0000279338,0.00004863853,0.000001442307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003524776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009024853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001971702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006511527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993662,0.00002440619,0.0000789249,0.0001835832,0.0001469644,0.0001999263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994683,0.000216152,0.00006691609,0.000129719,0.0000725239,0.00004639712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006015205,0.000231376,0.6328755,0.00006220894,0.00005715918,0.000001406126,0.07617898,0.01164135,0.1622617,0.01059743,0.000733245,0.1047581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004590139,0.000515037,0.8559905,0.0001586544,0.000009638631,3.482759e-7,0.00521529,0.1221639,0.01321471,0.0002317255,0.001878653,0.0001625916],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843324,0.00008587606,0.01189828,0.002025185,0.00004375606,0.0003083357,0.0000100981,0.000004955751,0.001291103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969656,0.000002471101,0.002803531,0.00004194456,0.00003992392,0.00000449221,0.000001416494,0.00000171952,0.0001388483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2231149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2786683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1841972637","doi":"10.1002/2015ea000115","title":"An examination of convective moistening of the lower stratosphere using satellite data","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Stratosphere; Tropopause; Microwave Limb Sounder; Convection; Satellite; Water vapor; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Deep convection; Climatology; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04245119532997149,"gpt":0.258940276010921,"spread":0.2164890806809495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007194966,0.00005971107,0.00009362261,0.000008184187,0.0001151394,0.00003873447,0.0003589935,0.00002163898,0.00005691892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007694179,0.00003893126,0.00001046021,0.000428838,0.000613013,0.0007142607,0.00003764021,0.00005172939,0.000002233645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000157145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002000322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008535848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009134374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991307,0.00005242935,0.0001104864,0.000209634,0.0003318138,0.0001649414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993169,0.00002870531,0.000111001,0.0003296742,0.0000984548,0.0001152736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000395071,0.0000384058,0.8535028,0.00001928274,0.000007180747,0.000002935494,0.003022243,0.005109605,0.008068407,0.000352915,0.000006892473,0.1298299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001349169,0.0001968735,0.880985,0.00002025884,0.000007270582,0.000008478796,0.003342414,0.1116848,0.003338389,0.00009920834,0.0001089315,0.00007347567],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943511,0.0004709267,0.0002171003,0.0000223666,0.0001322193,0.00006926321,0.00002167311,0.000005075018,0.004710303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958498,0.00003220325,0.004036386,0.00001676712,0.00001498683,3.510467e-8,0.000003450675,0.000001044699,0.00004535093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1297564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2258672,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2920272656","doi":"10.1029/2018ea000546","title":"Validity Study of the Swarm Horizontal Cross‐Track Ion Drift Velocities in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; European Space Agency","keywords":"Swarm behaviour; Ionosphere; Latitude; Convection; Geophysics; Interplanetary magnetic field; Geodesy; Geology; F region; Earth's magnetic field; Solar wind; Physics; Meteorology; Magnetic field; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006901377936288193,"gpt":0.229958432125866,"spread":0.2230570541895778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004371881,0.00010761,0.0001281212,0.00001098803,0.0002529184,0.0001303955,0.0003883448,0.00002164896,0.0001564975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008707685,0.00006352505,0.00003674646,0.0003592808,0.000293281,0.0002618611,0.0001099361,0.0001758118,0.00001529706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006758669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001136987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00198608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009751279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989946,0.00005952471,0.0001415541,0.0002391863,0.0003342906,0.0002308517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994488,0.00005636732,0.00008555888,0.0003215691,0.00005210288,0.00003555213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001518856,0.0002113118,0.9726292,0.000008010429,0.000004986809,5.94005e-7,0.004194356,0.00228877,0.0006377147,0.01741904,0.00005600694,0.002534856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006485706,0.0003088676,0.9852365,0.00001441017,0.000007498737,7.11128e-7,0.009691761,0.0009594134,0.001354553,0.0009837454,0.0006604219,0.0001335766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928051,0.00001862439,0.00007384046,0.0001104159,0.000349995,0.000400792,0.000005869972,0.000005927624,0.006229435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987277,0.00000215487,0.0001592001,0.00002459941,0.00006334233,0.000005745715,0.000001049189,0.00000411767,0.001012047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01643529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3002373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393948683","doi":"10.1029/2023ea003279","title":"Observed Global Changes in Sector‐Relevant Climate Extremes Indices—An Extension to HadEX3","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Climate extremes; Climatology; Latitude; Longitude; Environmental science; Scale (ratio); Index (typography); Climate change; NetCDF; Heat wave; Meteorology; Geography; Computer science; Cartography; Geology; Precipitation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04063722250707928,"gpt":0.2679729574115938,"spread":0.2273357349045145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001135348,0.000129123,0.0001229366,0.00007537028,0.000199537,0.000231121,0.0002362935,0.00004693868,0.0003614913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007913713,0.0001062529,0.00001806023,0.00102309,0.0003624739,0.000607733,0.0003375084,0.0001019617,0.0001751876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008143612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003522874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008553232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01332311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981905,0.00003822443,0.0001204586,0.0007134061,0.0004084099,0.0005289748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999368,0.00003449426,0.00001896931,0.0002587554,0.000007455184,0.0003122977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001036131,0.0002273014,0.4268059,0.0001352476,0.000003819462,0.0001429634,0.008897802,0.006431823,0.4827781,0.006061163,0.0002621274,0.06815016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001817764,0.0002779782,0.9172297,0.0001295362,0.000006043063,0.00002248095,0.0004548331,0.07093126,0.002869081,0.001350621,0.006215104,0.0003316429],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952138,0.0001546497,0.00009385881,0.002251452,0.0002512218,0.0002105715,0.00001834695,0.00006881345,0.001737302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976251,0.0001350656,0.00170631,0.0003744937,0.00002608173,0.000007676863,0.000001541984,0.000005091467,0.0001186515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4904237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7434611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391755341","doi":"10.1029/2023ea003498","title":"Interdependencies Between Wildfire‐Induced Alterations in Soil Properties, Near‐Surface Processes, and Geohazards","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Landslide; Environmental science; Debris; Geology; Surface runoff; Infiltration (HVAC); Erosion; Earth science; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01221430124772657,"gpt":0.2212148967285225,"spread":0.2090005954807959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008376908,0.0001426481,0.000142948,0.00004872377,0.0003228291,0.000662886,0.0002021867,0.00004484504,0.00003689904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000180773,0.0001118437,0.00001192313,0.0009049008,0.000630398,0.001112191,0.0002247408,0.0001841127,0.0001069291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000585211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001849429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002868405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004863558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984684,0.00004202915,0.0001531838,0.0005475142,0.0004131575,0.0003757297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995614,0.00006271355,0.00002601074,0.0001697881,0.000009134602,0.0001709344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002840749,0.0000799121,0.6072477,0.0006171814,0.00001694873,0.00008813618,0.02406585,0.00102483,0.2923138,0.0002352467,0.0006215308,0.07366042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005753856,0.000640814,0.6822656,0.001001216,0.00002381203,0.0001351141,0.0009861598,0.2354885,0.06507245,0.0002879759,0.0124788,0.001044136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960128,0.0007295638,0.00006804406,0.001116494,0.0001508188,0.0002841612,0.000004388479,0.00006576602,0.001567966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986351,0.00003144252,0.0003839516,0.00004283756,0.00002816393,0.0000101143,7.401914e-7,0.00000898929,0.000858679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2344637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6392224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016447915","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001145","title":"Spatiotemporal Variations of Satellite Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index in China Under Clear and Cloudy Skies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Enhanced vegetation index; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Subtropics; Deciduous; Physical geography; Climatology; Geography; Vegetation Index; Climate change; Geology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007251317251705426,"gpt":0.1988890298597359,"spread":0.1916377126080304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001983365,0.00008578165,0.0001065227,0.00002889217,0.0001135671,0.000056231,0.00009688096,0.00003965428,0.000009299028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001040483,0.0000682325,0.00001118491,0.0005351025,0.0005997838,0.000233334,0.0001079622,0.0001182215,0.000006588773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001624914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002109499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003358717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007895048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991202,0.00003918774,0.0001181552,0.0002987615,0.0002598899,0.0001637779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996651,0.00002685943,0.00007576265,0.00009234333,0.00001049428,0.0001294336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002204964,0.00003357239,0.5762556,0.0000238107,0.000002061828,0.000002806244,0.008602051,0.001658962,0.3872781,0.0005598789,0.00001204277,0.02554902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001295377,0.00005104933,0.9782994,0.00001572635,0.000002089649,0.000003090721,0.0001401846,0.01346875,0.007172002,0.0005857723,0.00004795167,0.0000844786],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948835,0.00007706907,0.001396922,0.001774731,0.00003002777,0.00011465,8.983176e-7,0.00001099351,0.001711218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963313,0.00006816552,0.003406788,0.0001079931,0.00001124801,1.889786e-7,7.438994e-7,0.000002591334,0.00007098595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4020438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.278244,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154640686","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001825","title":"Reactivation Potential of Intraplate Faults in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone, Eastern Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"earthquake and tectonic studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Intraplate earthquake; Geology; Seismology; Induced seismicity; Seismic hazard; Slip (aerodynamics); Fault (geology); Neotectonics; Seismic risk; Seismic gap; Tectonics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007810698075457246,"gpt":0.1929124138092838,"spread":0.1851017157338265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003202119,0.00007538329,0.0001086294,0.00005017581,0.0001781926,0.00004956191,0.000149365,0.00001935704,0.00004262523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005620166,0.00005162861,0.00001447302,0.0004951673,0.0002448598,0.0002277621,0.00001662643,0.0001066157,0.000005142978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002940453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005946973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7729032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9850439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989842,0.00004810497,0.0001246461,0.0002159752,0.0003881918,0.0002388691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996175,0.00007837451,0.00005485957,0.0001411477,0.00005366647,0.00005443145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001944686,0.00001120001,0.9265066,0.00001581532,0.00000572843,0.00009085866,0.001236534,0.001406017,0.0006610848,0.00005283954,0.00008398344,0.06990984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001548909,0.0000295147,0.9923611,0.0000162833,0.000003174169,0.0000304255,0.001004598,0.003651432,0.0009395262,0.00002548487,0.001714776,0.00006875388],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952906,0.0004684523,0.00006922164,0.001849337,0.0001612123,0.00006349414,0.00001083572,0.000004284717,0.002082613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986482,0.00008291117,0.00006666849,0.0003213955,0.00002622906,2.872936e-7,0.000005124883,8.18911e-7,0.0008484003],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2121408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2286091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220751517","doi":"10.1029/2021ea002019","title":"Optimal Cross‐Validation Strategies for Selection of Spatial Interpolation Models for the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Multivariate interpolation; Interpolation (computer graphics); Cross-validation; Computer science; Extrapolation; Meteorology; Environmental science; Statistics; Mathematics; Geography; Machine learning; Bilinear interpolation; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00853717666680804,"gpt":0.2201198790104339,"spread":0.2115827023436259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009309794,0.00006967597,0.00007341965,0.00004799626,0.001184857,0.0001629703,0.0001793847,0.00002363723,0.00004167285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003127875,0.00005594478,0.00002626274,0.0002386293,0.0002207789,0.0005217494,0.00005147632,0.0000573794,0.000001430263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001665439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001688272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1636491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.275125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991229,0.00002908467,0.0001138006,0.000225343,0.0002818558,0.0002270325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996316,0.00007093143,0.00009211,0.0001061557,0.00002834006,0.00007088749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007833886,0.00001160037,0.07484729,0.00004363586,0.000004973839,1.8937e-7,0.001427445,0.9130169,0.003852228,0.002961286,0.0001046261,0.003651503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001739189,0.0001858229,0.0470323,0.000006239135,0.00000417057,0.000005291887,0.0006801804,0.9508234,0.0004795199,0.00009171555,0.00045342,0.00006398695],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9146501,0.00001511977,0.08353627,0.0001393875,0.0002372826,0.0008995164,0.00003618713,0.00001462265,0.0004714851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998916,4.037319e-7,0.0007245977,0.00001265983,0.00002791097,0.0001375385,0.000003551753,0.000006090645,0.000171272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.111476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9113081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008063375","doi":"10.1029/2019ea000582","title":"A 3‐Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic‐Ray Observatory","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Observatory; Pierre Auger Observatory; Cosmic ray; Physics; Sky; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Auger; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01008606854139227,"gpt":0.2038025664162213,"spread":0.1937164978748291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001383615,0.0001050248,0.000144168,0.00001684253,0.000242204,0.00006796638,0.0002493128,0.0000114398,0.0001526969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003867568,0.00007308355,0.0000337663,0.0004227538,0.0004910912,0.00009365923,0.00006529024,0.0001240742,0.00001831859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003150102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001233605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002933035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001304593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990802,0.00002595899,0.0001120305,0.0002690384,0.0002084337,0.00030428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994525,0.0000670013,0.00008735619,0.0001782988,0.00004340693,0.0001714175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000198988,0.0002000668,0.4574256,0.00005837559,0.0001202416,0.000001680645,0.05565747,0.000169744,0.3289204,0.01613201,0.0518931,0.08922237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004104184,0.003787615,0.3319364,0.0001313688,0.0001600704,0.000002755059,0.03656555,0.01468236,0.09178753,0.007345444,0.5072854,0.002211275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913808,0.0002245457,0.001407355,0.002341956,0.0000621956,0.0001114202,0.00007169828,0.00001817491,0.00438187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973658,0.000007569056,0.001413691,0.0004087061,0.00007446399,0.000004082404,0.000004526303,0.000006146702,0.0007150458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4553923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2980261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794142546","doi":"10.1002/2017ea000332","title":"High Angular Resolution Measurements of the Anisotropy of Reflectance of Sea Ice and Snow","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; ArcticNet; European Space Agency","keywords":"Radiance; Remote sensing; Snow; Anisotropy; Spectroradiometer; Optics; Image resolution; Hyperspectral imaging; Spectral resolution; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Multispectral image; Environmental science; Reflectivity; Geology; Physics; Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02741335642974037,"gpt":0.2321334301883322,"spread":0.2047200737585919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003711643,0.00005003237,0.0001011775,0.00001902394,0.0002442329,0.000009451885,0.0001323911,0.00001577924,0.00005188458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001395997,0.00003286689,0.00001481949,0.0005584215,0.001203063,0.0001201471,0.00002610956,0.0000302913,8.639997e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001189229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005421619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00222501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004974929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992648,0.00001969148,0.000116223,0.0001423094,0.0003225005,0.0001344978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995021,0.00003162028,0.0001110279,0.0001466561,0.0001665173,0.00004205907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000255378,0.000008039359,0.9782976,0.00001588551,0.000005173644,1.118921e-7,0.0005698446,0.00009646409,0.01638912,0.0004118222,0.00007916662,0.004101255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001114039,0.0001616632,0.9763767,0.00002612284,0.000006139987,0.000001037828,0.0001653711,0.001389804,0.02121002,0.0001675223,0.0003469774,0.00003727718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977853,0.0008602185,0.000109639,0.0002484359,0.0001490193,0.00007729807,0.00001502911,0.00000287347,0.0007522276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951215,0.00009858927,0.004640556,0.00003381519,0.00002109333,1.374058e-7,4.970569e-7,6.508625e-7,0.00008316074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0048209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4432736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3196374756","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001896","title":"Labeling Poststorm Coastal Imagery for Machine Learning: Measurement of Interrater Agreement","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Gulf Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Directorate for Geosciences; Office of the Director; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Computer science; Inter-rater reliability; Set (abstract data type); Artificial intelligence; Process (computing); Data set; Focus (optics); Training set; Machine learning; Supervised learning; Statistics; Artificial neural network; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02925973294962399,"gpt":0.2447320153598032,"spread":0.2154722824101792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000485099,0.00008436483,0.0001359327,0.00005964811,0.000248502,0.00009358759,0.0001343422,0.0000235015,0.0005402333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003183572,0.00006154919,0.00004210446,0.0002693004,0.0003425882,0.0001715251,0.00004292966,0.0001325499,0.00002050143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002978616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001576874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008907811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008792826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985596,0.00003908138,0.0001486274,0.0002862708,0.0006073493,0.0003590876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993248,0.0000579175,0.00003668489,0.0001036452,0.000262076,0.0002148676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001336211,0.00004347611,0.8324572,0.00008358083,0.00001304666,0.00001786936,0.0002394464,0.0002650023,0.09940002,0.0003243698,0.00006859237,0.06695373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006292354,0.0007506851,0.9200798,0.00004626261,0.000009922842,0.00002090203,0.0003615492,0.01481004,0.04942789,0.0002937767,0.01336064,0.0002093339],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942197,0.001421246,0.001320582,0.001266689,0.0001738156,0.0001209294,0.00003219554,0.00001196533,0.001432834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961834,0.00008933199,0.003099953,0.00006084213,0.0000412399,7.940408e-7,0.00001096776,0.000001455346,0.0005120452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08762252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5915175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376602257","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002778","title":"Validation of OMPS Suomi NPP and OMPS NOAA‐20 Formaldehyde Total Columns With NDACC FTIR Observations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Climate Program Office; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sorbonne Université; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Universität Bremen; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Université de La Réunion; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; University of Toronto; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of Suwon; Science Mission Directorate; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Environmental science; Satellite; Atmospheric sciences; Formaldehyde; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Chemistry; Physics; Geology; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01617859305270124,"gpt":0.2084001335167038,"spread":0.1922215404640026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004050808,0.000100342,0.000137094,0.00003878991,0.0004309752,0.0001231183,0.0001181221,0.00003091071,0.0001566067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004565758,0.0000781077,0.00001653152,0.001082632,0.0005085862,0.0007416367,0.00002786487,0.00007236168,0.00004013393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001552103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001207024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000717963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001466061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998894,0.00001775088,0.000136791,0.0002691713,0.0003434931,0.0003388367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994662,0.00007426259,0.00007935234,0.0001400656,0.00006679876,0.0001733133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003188226,0.000009061829,0.9876732,0.00003064398,0.000006388326,0.000004878715,0.0008715597,0.001597427,0.003592167,0.000336549,0.0001842621,0.005661977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002491112,0.0002013894,0.9799112,0.00002025409,0.000009841348,0.00001490142,0.000816975,0.01527593,0.002051335,0.00009598196,0.001219967,0.0001330996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962379,0.00008354044,0.00008139465,0.0006285445,0.00008449407,0.0001399227,0.00004240197,0.00004463352,0.002657199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958678,0.000117473,0.00287557,0.00005136766,0.00002598546,0.000001140262,0.00002985945,0.000002371102,0.001028435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01367851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3314756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311743304","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002453","title":"Permafrost Dynamics Observatory (PDO): 2. Joint Retrieval of Permafrost Active Layer Thickness and Soil Moisture From L‐Band InSAR and P‐Band PolSAR","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Permafrost; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Remote sensing; Active layer; Synthetic aperture radar; Subsidence; Geology; Water content; Environmental science; Radar; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering; Layer (electronics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02808477231891962,"gpt":0.2252926080069026,"spread":0.197207835687983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006842676,0.0002606444,0.0003671052,0.0001641726,0.001178999,0.0002093838,0.000264603,0.00008949344,0.001017313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007719307,0.0002278501,0.00004626345,0.0005856524,0.001305207,0.0006298575,0.0001501015,0.0004445256,0.000005521784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001444264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001948796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006979904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02098596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977692,0.00009628222,0.0002494991,0.0006834936,0.0006996439,0.0005018418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989242,0.0001617996,0.0001646658,0.0002816459,0.00009592031,0.0003717807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002504226,0.00002546999,0.9439208,0.00004556046,0.00001353017,0.0000298162,0.007104709,0.00008748852,0.04697816,0.00009163545,0.0000997317,0.00135266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006615791,0.000268852,0.9814401,0.00002919213,0.00002632339,0.00007977189,0.006436939,0.005285919,0.003778133,0.0002412606,0.001427006,0.0003248856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723598,0.003654918,0.000004148143,0.001007362,0.0003632445,0.0002216093,0.02111874,0.00001959899,0.001250617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973004,0.0009379181,0.00005317852,0.0004753719,0.00009270198,0.000001415199,0.0008716562,0.000007851767,0.0002595286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04320003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2867382497","doi":"10.1029/2018ea000401","title":"A Test of the Tropical 200‐ to 300‐hPa Warming Rate in Climate Models","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; General Circulation Model; Climate change; Econometrics; Variance (accounting); Independence (probability theory); Climate model; Estimator; Persistence (discontinuity); Environmental science; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01685508422685979,"gpt":0.2379826082616014,"spread":0.2211275240347416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007046704,0.00007256948,0.00009588407,0.0000354648,0.0002155819,0.00003346724,0.0002847277,0.00002491447,0.0001185185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002234286,0.00004930599,0.00001873464,0.00066323,0.001157861,0.0002889808,0.0004156897,0.00007439899,0.00005053767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002818862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002582064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001217141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989178,0.00003089568,0.000131411,0.0003168756,0.0002453286,0.0003577448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995031,0.00006252212,0.00003346719,0.0002602321,0.00001219549,0.000128421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003969041,0.000140577,0.6807733,0.00001585974,8.15093e-7,0.000002074326,0.005070931,0.01190733,0.2953841,0.003888488,0.00009826155,0.002678611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002595996,0.0001696991,0.8188319,0.00004303472,0.000002922905,0.000003671276,0.0001761636,0.1599496,0.01741042,0.00227954,0.0007229903,0.0001504484],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992703,0.000005533463,0.000415357,0.001154101,0.00006876436,0.0001647477,0.000005553173,0.000007506974,0.005475473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980064,0.00001364639,0.00149897,0.000290311,0.00001332935,0.000003151577,5.274465e-8,0.000002599991,0.0001715438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2779737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4266186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211802518","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001742","title":"Moving Toward L‐Band NASA‐ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR) Dense Time Series: Multipolarization Object‐Based Classification of Wetlands Using Two Machine Learning Algorithms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre For Cold Ocean Resources Engineering; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","keywords":"Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Random forest; Support vector machine; Wetland; Computer science; Wishart distribution; Environmental science; Imaging spectrometer; Polarimetry; Radar; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Geology; Multivariate statistics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01376061183358676,"gpt":0.2449115258914435,"spread":0.2311509140578567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003150376,0.0001296688,0.0001551348,0.0001252577,0.0002615838,0.00007811381,0.0001007952,0.00006089844,0.00003304021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000143619,0.0001220636,0.00002969518,0.0005875488,0.0001542652,0.0002302173,0.00002846266,0.000138834,0.000002374367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000300723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001076627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004236629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001321635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990625,0.00003231838,0.000178468,0.0002741809,0.0002501459,0.0002023284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994406,0.0000586335,0.00006669274,0.0002059263,0.0001279824,0.0001001758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000666045,0.00001913161,0.004152495,0.00004202707,0.000004660771,0.000002436996,0.0004268641,0.001241652,0.9312917,0.0001420212,0.000005120813,0.0626652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001434965,0.00002013494,0.002579266,0.00005270189,0.000008379914,0.00001548737,0.0001018953,0.6140087,0.3770629,0.00002555894,0.005869107,0.0001123068],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3410326,0.0004479875,0.6570823,0.0002190113,0.00006256704,0.0001820179,0.000009667436,0.000199166,0.0007647328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7280359,0.00006697943,0.2717177,0.00001233138,0.00002364067,0.000001397526,0.00001321233,0.00001300182,0.0001157713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6127671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.497761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212026943","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001925","title":"Estimation of Ion Temperature in the Upper Ionosphere Along the Swarm Satellite Orbits","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"European Space Agency; Canadian Space Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ionosphere; Ion; Swarm behaviour; Thermosphere; Computational physics; Electron temperature; Satellite; Physics; F region; Geophysics; Computer science; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004188484039096186,"gpt":0.2145325264539406,"spread":0.2103440424148444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003135247,0.00007659993,0.00008053458,0.000008761262,0.0002016406,0.000116448,0.0001590954,0.00002107444,0.00008436239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001776353,0.00004401987,0.00002849806,0.0005319735,0.000193012,0.0001979727,0.00004055668,0.0001423588,0.000006962239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003241111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000151241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000204701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000257366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993159,0.00004167297,0.0001069916,0.0001731152,0.0001901596,0.0001721985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996009,0.00005555801,0.00004612522,0.0002043592,0.00006155455,0.00003148722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031007,0.0002381106,0.2008339,0.00005505013,0.00002059381,0.0000133956,0.01260716,0.01313576,0.02438887,0.3974759,0.0006883374,0.350512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009654111,0.0001655321,0.8408254,0.0001713689,0.00003363864,0.00002425677,0.021917,0.03579498,0.07602163,0.00810282,0.01547272,0.0005052016],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881334,0.0005199358,0.0002675263,0.0012853,0.0001178154,0.0001090427,0.000003275348,0.000004113711,0.009559587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980947,0.00003245274,0.0007975051,0.0001089848,0.00005520052,0.000003518169,0.000005770344,0.000002921331,0.0008989099],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6399916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1795078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2347082338","doi":"10.1002/2015ea000155","title":"Open science in practice: Learning integrated modeling of coupled surface‐subsurface flow processes from scratch","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"University of Southern California; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Workflow; Documentation; Computer science; Earth science; Reuse; Data science; Subsurface flow; Reusability; Earth system science; Software; Systems engineering; Engineering; Geology; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0129152133913784,"gpt":0.2538998604393511,"spread":0.2409846470479727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002363029,0.0001303384,0.0001867242,0.00007917353,0.0005336317,0.0001304418,0.0009564826,0.00003314915,0.0001407216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00132342,0.0000856996,0.000009464777,0.001525635,0.002446529,0.002485305,0.001373193,0.0001284286,0.00005544613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004718981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001547236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002723179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009727955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981508,0.00005612298,0.0001864445,0.000659797,0.0004986662,0.0004481787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993415,0.0001504121,0.0001036446,0.0002143723,0.0000739838,0.0001160144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001945462,0.0001320715,0.4961351,0.00001605876,0.00001135851,0.00001508601,0.005295182,0.306654,0.1859949,0.0001629831,0.00006876699,0.005320028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001662226,0.0003013501,0.0450646,0.0002452783,0.00002757162,0.000003027226,0.004899506,0.9168873,0.02745511,0.001840871,0.001044694,0.0005684168],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887561,0.00007897433,0.002908257,0.002560693,0.0000712069,0.0002372881,0.000002315572,0.00002039975,0.005364747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893041,0.0002861254,0.009628445,0.000107422,0.00000395332,0.000004057083,4.071129e-7,0.000004436243,0.0006610593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6102334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9014339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789392837","doi":"10.1002/2017ea000318","title":"Y‐Mars: An Astrobiological Analogue of Martian Mudstone","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Edinburgh","keywords":"Mars Exploration Program; Martian; Astrobiology; Impact crater; Geology; Atmosphere of Mars; Planetary science; Sedimentary rock; Exploration of Mars; Earth science; Geochemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01454884223932307,"gpt":0.2382864591597899,"spread":0.2237376169204668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002849389,0.0000509714,0.00006959761,0.00004806312,0.0001703738,0.0000396793,0.0001335364,0.00001093978,0.000118031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006987971,0.00003815605,0.00001102638,0.0002796613,0.0008832024,0.0005209977,0.00002754319,0.00003858866,0.00006194253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001112023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005054866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001482166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007776163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994186,0.00001518995,0.0000705306,0.000193027,0.0001163104,0.0001863462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996743,0.000007988568,0.00003655059,0.0001193987,0.00004727487,0.0001144769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003538634,0.0001101751,0.6127889,0.000003048387,0.000005965403,0.000001406963,0.001736797,0.000108414,0.3238955,0.02492495,0.0002895167,0.03609994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003116593,0.001340983,0.9295989,0.00001508896,0.000006972934,0.000003858733,0.001631561,0.01164473,0.04833496,0.002734785,0.004126091,0.0002503575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957178,0.000006750401,0.001880473,0.0001510906,0.00006614754,0.00003887589,0.00001142563,0.000007119511,0.002120272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977272,8.676056e-7,0.002025035,0.00003490545,0.00009861628,5.955245e-7,0.00001942422,8.541852e-7,0.00009245954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.31681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3254196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3114442291","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001153","title":"Near‐infrared Spectra of Lunar Ferrous Mineral Mixtures","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Anorthosite; Pyroxene; Ilmenite; Mafic; Geology; Basalt; Olivine; Mineralogy; Plagioclase; Mineral; Geochemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Quartz","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143237056707092,"gpt":0.2087793390472172,"spread":0.1973469684801463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009005374,0.00005804456,0.0000799599,0.00002195308,0.0001438052,0.00007838653,0.0001284472,0.000008612977,0.0000693905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001037703,0.00004780965,0.00001683566,0.0003199656,0.0002923428,0.0003974085,0.00002341309,0.000053904,0.00004027011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.577913e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008785798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007903827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006121347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993928,0.000007519616,0.00007047722,0.0001796171,0.0001825719,0.0001670161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997148,0.000008666882,0.00003554363,0.00007739214,0.00002413738,0.0001394424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007610389,0.00007176793,0.3037403,0.00002541849,0.00001511476,0.00001017342,0.01330266,0.00393899,0.6431571,0.01768582,0.005686842,0.01228971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001660854,0.001321414,0.5567093,0.00005004986,0.0000344723,0.00000911816,0.004638721,0.2135657,0.181321,0.007612766,0.0320429,0.001033602],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991576,0.00004679488,0.000824648,0.001298202,0.00005230854,0.00005578057,0.00001135456,0.00000974285,0.006125188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974294,0.000002189605,0.002107011,0.0001352243,0.00007505812,5.196392e-7,0.000009284863,0.000001376472,0.0002399581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.461836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1949621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886698188","doi":"10.1029/2018ea000420","title":"The Mars 2020 Candidate Landing Sites: A Magnetic Field Perspective","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Noachian; Mars Exploration Program; Paleomagnetism; Geology; Martian; Dynamo; Geophysics; Exploration of Mars; Magnetization; Astrobiology; Earth science; Magnetic field; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006538600619179736,"gpt":0.2251596150681616,"spread":0.2186210144489819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002201255,0.00004976805,0.00003956897,0.00002333814,0.000773614,0.0002138542,0.0001337743,0.000006842611,0.00008695943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002142577,0.00003210843,0.00001010068,0.0002823482,0.0003875054,0.0003109091,0.0000336511,0.00005399636,0.000138192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003503232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006259576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004269534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004214997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999424,0.00001001522,0.00004307769,0.000172776,0.0001370901,0.0002130195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997114,0.00003989453,0.00002143187,0.0001032541,0.00004609017,0.00007796407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001141023,0.00004506145,0.7191155,0.000005171884,0.00001892404,0.000009521249,0.02019096,0.00004733818,0.06675017,0.1147911,0.01553063,0.06338149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001781097,0.004394939,0.5681,0.0001049376,0.00005623063,0.00003452404,0.07519296,0.1207688,0.03847461,0.06187852,0.1275924,0.001620926],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766556,0.000119198,0.0006829206,0.00350093,0.0001691364,0.00008084405,0.000005391401,0.00001058285,0.01877539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984268,0.00001416114,0.0001733892,0.0001076605,0.0001674494,0.000001499137,0.000002035655,0.000001071986,0.001105957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1510155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5950092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3128836255","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001554","title":"Rice Inundation Assessment Using Polarimetric UAVSAR Data","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Synthetic aperture radar; Remote sensing; Vegetation (pathology); Radar; Canopy; Polarimetry; Ground truth; Random forest; Scale (ratio); Scattering; Computer science; Machine learning; Geography; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02587791515526463,"gpt":0.2917801026400006,"spread":0.265902187484736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002895497,0.00006207814,0.00006589932,0.00009914616,0.0001651432,0.0001138261,0.0001883965,0.00002529741,0.00002272546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005988348,0.00005899974,0.00000736991,0.0009588187,0.00009223263,0.0002990322,0.0001142202,0.0000806461,0.000003614438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002111751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001107845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005808159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001066966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993602,0.0000085762,0.00007340729,0.0002279621,0.0001826933,0.0001471721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999421,0.00003231788,0.00001567261,0.0004220136,0.00004105261,0.00006793761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001042366,0.00005584802,0.00427257,0.00005175115,0.00001572631,0.000009421876,0.00017114,0.00006074394,0.2853475,0.01607732,0.0004926142,0.6934443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001429034,0.00002034615,0.0852861,0.00003330112,0.00002378182,0.00008133974,0.0001964315,0.3919421,0.08675445,0.0005206054,0.4346626,0.0003360916],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.110006,0.0009160086,0.88008,0.0003240462,0.0001131219,0.00009555955,0.0000154779,0.000155118,0.00829463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5510189,0.0001010772,0.4487837,0.00002488507,0.00002156184,5.660116e-7,0.000006275485,0.000004163454,0.00003888327],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6931083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.240594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124878385","doi":"10.1029/2020ea001335","title":"Optimization and Representativeness of Atmospheric Chemical Sampling by Hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Over Tropical Forests","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou University; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Sampling (signal processing); Atmospheric sciences; Altitude (triangle); Wind direction; Wind speed; Ecosystem; Meteorology; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.010172469612813,"gpt":0.2303320111521919,"spread":0.2201595415393789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001019238,0.00008951459,0.0001436145,0.000002018698,0.0001570662,0.00009075354,0.00008949003,0.00004173709,0.0002372192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001690406,0.00007983324,0.00001918262,0.000320952,0.0005039257,0.0002862451,0.00003947307,0.00007059617,7.958075e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001932219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007569271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000124154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004147296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99908,0.00001899484,0.0001236916,0.0003308888,0.0002281506,0.0002182732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995359,0.0001065538,0.00005734034,0.0001081106,0.00004086801,0.000151251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008004474,0.00001994427,0.7586066,0.00004572932,0.000007778806,0.000009612536,0.0002819247,0.02239485,0.2129199,0.00006174869,0.00003093037,0.005541014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006693382,0.00006659651,0.6426535,0.00004819311,0.0000107832,0.0000333965,0.0003711452,0.1047851,0.2507468,0.0001099049,0.0002633042,0.0002419438],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994671,0.0005185714,0.004326207,0.00009403635,0.00008351865,0.00004320385,0.0000133322,0.00001179709,0.0002383473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807343,0.0001018502,0.01899644,0.00002205547,0.00004564613,3.456993e-7,0.00001072681,0.000001791599,0.00008678882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.115953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3255505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981421558","doi":"10.1029/2019ea000762","title":"Ocean Observatories as a Tool to Advance Gas Hydrate Research","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ocean Networks Canada Society; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Clathrate hydrate; Neptune; Geology; Canyon; Sampling (signal processing); Oceanography; Underwater; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Environmental science; Hydrate; Geography; Computer science; Astronomy; Telecommunications; Geomorphology; Planet; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01547159243061988,"gpt":0.2709941010080669,"spread":0.255522508577447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001590053,0.0001190735,0.0001258888,0.00005759716,0.0004432985,0.0001615957,0.0004056651,0.00003978858,0.001180246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001959277,0.00009230344,0.00001875232,0.001589268,0.0007132131,0.0005640665,0.0004518543,0.0002430313,0.004514211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003835414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006148371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002310525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003253221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977145,0.00005447905,0.0001221577,0.0006007098,0.0008293015,0.0006788811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991048,0.00006197432,0.00003114931,0.0003983906,0.00003287053,0.0003707907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001748627,0.0001096562,0.3931421,0.00003888073,0.000009330379,0.00004641059,0.00871068,0.0118943,0.5422204,0.02059565,0.002987415,0.02007036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001030207,0.001828104,0.2718922,0.000130227,0.00000806689,0.00005108708,0.002093947,0.008200787,0.08959004,0.01581213,0.6081577,0.001205494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.954816,0.0001111963,0.00001121085,0.001473909,0.0002182091,0.0003165835,0.000001395078,0.00002488537,0.04302657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729922,0.00008310215,0.001843307,0.0003730695,0.00002554264,0.000002244784,4.064888e-7,0.000007924442,0.0246722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6051702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770745452","doi":"10.1002/2016ea000240","title":"Detecting Upward Directed Charged Particle Fluxes in the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Mars Exploration Program; Martian surface; Martian; Cosmic ray; Mars landing; Atmosphere of Mars; Flux (metallurgy); Exploration of Mars; Spacecraft; Martian soil; Physics; Environmental science; Range (aeronautics); Particle (ecology); Astrobiology; Radiation; Remote sensing; Aerospace engineering; Astronomy; Geology; Optics; Materials science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01226545986149334,"gpt":0.2579215995771961,"spread":0.2456561397157028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001763848,0.00007346977,0.00007058657,0.00007211856,0.001889477,0.000802324,0.0004581896,0.000009890202,0.00001379808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134019,0.00005305658,0.00001100379,0.000549088,0.0007085679,0.001912457,0.00005363048,0.0001080716,0.00002220405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001240963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002741193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000247685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001292396,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988484,0.00003763706,0.0000925011,0.0002846825,0.0004010115,0.0003357018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994182,0.00003768515,0.00009394713,0.0002962281,0.00005913881,0.00009480339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004308196,0.00002123701,0.7965583,0.000001783427,0.000001097282,0.000001455025,0.001457187,0.00009354548,0.1773156,0.001297394,0.00001435281,0.02323374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000157566,0.00003690649,0.9407034,0.000007420652,0.000002011412,4.27578e-7,0.0007804951,0.02835695,0.02940865,0.0002326216,0.0002252575,0.00008831826],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980673,0.00002025809,0.000243995,0.0006637729,0.0001549442,0.0001296608,0.000005305063,0.00001489769,0.0006998418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992656,0.00000459341,0.0005880973,0.00004616912,0.00006118369,0.000008287751,0.000001798209,0.000001682257,0.00002262698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.147907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212954955","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002216","title":"Radial Transport Versus Local Acceleration: The Long‐Standing Debate","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Spacecraft; Van Allen radiation belt; Acceleration; Focus (optics); Van Allen Probes; Radiation; Physics; Flux (metallurgy); Aerospace engineering; Computer science; Meteorology; Aeronautics; Environmental science; Astronomy; Magnetosphere; Engineering; Optics; Classical mechanics; Plasma","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009378688164501953,"gpt":0.2198915500238508,"spread":0.2105128618593488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002386394,0.00007186061,0.00006253898,0.00001314131,0.001177733,0.0000779625,0.0001835005,0.000006948014,0.001106734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001606658,0.00005579714,0.00002890435,0.0003085159,0.0002844863,0.0001945818,0.00005630884,0.0001430864,0.000006583424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001281357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001635543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001636137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001054652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992558,0.00001695855,0.00007149932,0.0001887928,0.0002375057,0.0002294847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997284,0.00002455437,0.00002991802,0.0001229949,0.00002004439,0.00007404178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005554846,0.000175846,0.09740868,0.00001219952,0.0000592909,0.00003864143,0.006888642,0.04745011,0.001687048,0.482915,0.001730265,0.3610788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01079434,0.002461851,0.2322704,0.00002497647,0.0001749712,0.0000550839,0.03818599,0.3092244,0.006554781,0.00727004,0.390605,0.002378211],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9441876,0.00008808298,0.02780281,0.0008377232,0.0007490661,0.0001506154,0.00001304896,0.00001936854,0.02615171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997961,0.000002375875,0.0001592636,0.00005628257,0.0001203579,0.000009446834,0.000005787127,0.000003962905,0.001681534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4756449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389579968","doi":"10.1029/2023ea003084","title":"Mineralogical Characterization From Geophysical Well Logs Using a Machine Learning Approach: Case Study for the Horn River Basin, Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Oil shale; Structural basin; Reservoir modeling; Drilling; Well logging; Mineralogy; Petrology; Geochemistry; Geophysics; Geomorphology; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02105345659396306,"gpt":0.2202356114752905,"spread":0.1991821548813274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002029785,0.00008529446,0.0001091101,0.00006109526,0.000413324,0.00009010833,0.00008822219,0.0000182017,0.000007374731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003991277,0.00005697456,0.0000231082,0.0006538276,0.00009683088,0.0001322815,0.00003602325,0.0001067135,0.000002909577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001454311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005086565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08308955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06719398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992853,0.00002814699,0.00008533862,0.0001954428,0.0002105828,0.0001951318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996974,0.00005762393,0.00001870179,0.0001063641,0.00002906636,0.00009086557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002349715,0.00008287367,0.03632065,0.00002703746,0.0001025165,0.0003478719,0.007909976,0.8497397,0.102089,0.00005630004,0.0001545068,0.003146103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001468545,0.00002010882,0.0130167,0.000001610036,0.00001882294,0.000008655716,0.001210985,0.98427,0.0001596195,0.000002722174,0.001062895,0.00008096511],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879194,0.00002239527,0.01151279,0.0001773168,0.00009199745,0.0001686868,0.00001216051,0.00005761196,0.00003761122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993401,0.00001335794,0.0002411689,0.00003556024,0.00007174588,0.00000853929,0.00002041717,0.000006808792,0.000262282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1345304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9498273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400782410","doi":"10.1029/2023ea003473","title":"Multi‐Model Machine Learning Approach Accurately Predicts Lake Dissolved Oxygen With Multiple Environmental Inputs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Environmental science; Oxygen; Machine learning; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02260093135339985,"gpt":0.2250782394658485,"spread":0.2024773081124487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005527562,0.0002076373,0.0001433085,0.00005986231,0.000539964,0.0002355657,0.0002857843,0.00005929846,0.0001604023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001112762,0.0001436716,0.00002882547,0.0004570158,0.001413792,0.0005484413,0.0003456316,0.0003541803,0.0001490259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003972695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002898567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004664911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002135064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979317,0.00003849987,0.0001306262,0.0007894855,0.0005639723,0.0005457451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994019,0.00004626264,0.00004106849,0.0001905244,0.000003139804,0.0003170897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000542738,0.0001604064,0.2168528,0.00002639174,0.00001125425,0.00005411526,0.002717988,0.6175799,0.1545512,0.00002760537,0.00006266584,0.007901373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002492847,0.0001446192,0.05508584,0.00001977625,0.000007782393,0.00003930511,0.00001992331,0.9403617,0.001034133,0.00001204601,0.002820886,0.000204708],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873742,0.0001055624,0.009837451,0.000238527,0.00005345785,0.0002109279,0.00002249503,0.0001767808,0.001980564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704784,0.00002322139,0.0269399,0.00009611392,0.00001852221,0.000009109294,0.00001233908,0.00001604535,0.002406422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3227818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5858758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309396884","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002552","title":"The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University; Canadian Space Agency; Carlsbergfondet; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; University of Winnipeg","keywords":"Radiance; Remote sensing; Mars Exploration Program; Irradiance; Calibration; Radiometric calibration; Environmental science; Multispectral image; Martian; Martian surface; Atmosphere of Mars; Optics; Geology; Physics; Astrobiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005145627743436869,"gpt":0.1749529069480251,"spread":0.1698072792045883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004159281,0.0001167493,0.00008119518,0.00008755767,0.003546441,0.0003178865,0.0002392193,0.0000115877,0.00005810367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001320068,0.00007767105,0.00001885039,0.0008658431,0.0003843119,0.0008856384,0.00005601314,0.0001719481,0.00002543256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001946141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008820529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007110889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003047264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988245,0.00003982728,0.0001010375,0.0003119977,0.0004220608,0.0003006005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995344,0.00007670154,0.00007810311,0.0002001818,0.00002250551,0.00008815104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001660271,0.00044515,0.5835105,0.00005940982,0.0001013466,0.00002718539,0.01670141,0.1054204,0.02759855,0.03422629,0.0341468,0.1961027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004280485,0.0006655438,0.8231062,0.00001787241,0.000007258141,0.00001240679,0.0008910112,0.1425452,0.001630792,0.0002004617,0.03019883,0.0002962928],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945738,0.0001913422,0.0002022494,0.003746476,0.0002051565,0.000234066,0.00002978248,0.00001353956,0.0008035527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99862,0.00009364435,0.0000914757,0.0004064871,0.00007710625,0.0000240569,0.00002291985,0.000004193733,0.0006600804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2395958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239704393","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001768","title":"Polarimetric Portraits","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Polarimetry; Remote sensing; Stokes parameters; Radar; Bistatic radar; Computer science; Radar imaging; Physics; Geology; Optics; Scattering; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005613839405339967,"gpt":0.2073966344491659,"spread":0.2017827950438259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001116006,0.00005030266,0.0000541355,0.00007581901,0.00009336454,0.00004975966,0.0000721656,0.00002210591,0.00004639535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004365814,0.00004556985,0.00001172743,0.0007579179,0.0001057661,0.00008263851,0.00002198241,0.00005903203,0.00001191601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005253652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004260393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001108579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007164847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995474,0.000002709187,0.00004883216,0.0001351162,0.0001213376,0.0001445738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997135,0.00001789964,0.000006359011,0.000145919,0.00003381148,0.00008252525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[5.210355e-7,0.00001872355,0.002501701,0.00001522625,0.000005014551,0.00001302635,0.0001504439,0.000003979404,0.05707038,0.0322274,0.000847542,0.907146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004990591,0.00001109084,0.06089106,0.000008743935,0.000003608902,0.00006811541,0.00005447065,0.001804973,0.2373427,0.0005977585,0.6990315,0.0001359747],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3842163,0.007076782,0.4266813,0.001714629,0.0002870818,0.0002042501,0.00001138193,0.0008058379,0.1790024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7991302,0.0001257383,0.2002842,0.00005044641,0.00001868342,0.000001170434,5.2023e-7,0.000004161535,0.0003848874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9070101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1858285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202230550","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001637","title":"Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Ultramafic rock; Dolomite; Carbonate; Magnesite; Geochemistry; Mafic; Epidote; Brucite; Mineralogy; Calcite; Chlorite; Chemistry; Quartz; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005344912115477411,"gpt":0.1943942668060392,"spread":0.1890493546905617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003285182,0.00009079225,0.0001293244,0.00009094744,0.0002333169,0.0002947853,0.00007186669,0.000013163,0.0000159082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007758365,0.00007177592,0.000007476134,0.0005239584,0.0001831251,0.0009012721,0.00003651424,0.00005009262,0.000005207025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000808053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008356338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001196976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008920236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999153,0.00003893863,0.0001482106,0.0002827778,0.0001284147,0.0002486586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996795,0.00001386347,0.00006415773,0.00009763479,0.00006112656,0.00008370564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001811357,0.00001681146,0.7364047,0.00002499571,0.000002573592,0.00001311584,0.001588024,0.0001989688,0.2602499,0.001159232,0.00003233711,0.000291184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006626478,0.00006333349,0.8528346,0.0001554146,0.000007977745,0.000062802,0.006746502,0.01014051,0.1280267,0.0007978816,0.0001998063,0.0003018139],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966587,0.0000748243,0.001567643,0.0001978475,0.0000509077,0.0001025221,0.00002167087,0.00001366024,0.001312165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996932,0.00001026915,0.002840009,0.00003995439,0.00002970005,0.000003737315,0.00008356968,0.000002261341,0.00005851181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1322233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2926937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407399505","doi":"10.1029/2024ea003792","title":"Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Collection 4 Formaldehyde Products","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Ozone Monitoring Instrument; Aura; Formaldehyde; Environmental science; Ozone; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Geography; Chemistry; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00979147400564145,"gpt":0.2091641911712394,"spread":0.1993727171655979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003149823,0.00009834412,0.00009620663,0.00002098023,0.000664441,0.0001622764,0.0001573123,0.00003162946,0.0001066092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009873666,0.00008234115,0.00001477346,0.001024184,0.0003028429,0.0004439685,0.00002577815,0.0001088687,0.00002008215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005769052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002129332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002952013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000770621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989989,0.00001033392,0.0001085268,0.0003216038,0.0002331126,0.0003274596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996141,0.00002572116,0.00003937143,0.0001497784,0.00004857384,0.0001224635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005071784,0.00001918559,0.9164947,0.0000600282,0.00000789147,0.000005594938,0.0003877124,0.000679521,0.02944154,0.0001970349,0.0003336944,0.05232233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002766468,0.00007874533,0.8097644,0.00005318216,0.00000629098,0.00001297682,0.0004561517,0.003113064,0.1793427,0.0001464359,0.006581118,0.0001682658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804688,0.000359432,0.0001331564,0.00098596,0.0005600681,0.0001235477,0.000002491596,0.00003909941,0.01732747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903969,0.0001000624,0.003146955,0.00004969938,0.00008308091,0.000001118587,0.000001863422,8.731195e-7,0.006219448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1499012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.511041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180645728","doi":"10.1029/2021ea001636","title":"Variations in the Near‐Infrared Spectral Properties of Ferrous Mineral Mixtures With Different Relative Abundances","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Winnipeg","keywords":"Pyroxene; Olivine; Ilmenite; Basalt; Ferrous; Mineralogy; Plagioclase; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mineral; Geology; Materials science; Chemistry; Geochemistry; Quartz; Metallurgy; Environmental chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01265158495387898,"gpt":0.2020323276860948,"spread":0.1893807427322159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001135086,0.00005194098,0.00006706619,0.00002453728,0.000191675,0.000113636,0.00009008604,0.000006471955,0.00001206947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009088286,0.0000276236,0.00001023377,0.000339317,0.0003229988,0.0004522861,0.00001205323,0.00006464778,0.000001942688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002032476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001309107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001353043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003125736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994652,0.00002796189,0.00005703522,0.0001356794,0.0001841114,0.0001300264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999801,0.00001708594,0.00003301151,0.0000869342,0.00003448048,0.00002748506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006578981,0.0002221713,0.7578778,0.00001674525,0.00002066488,0.00001188616,0.04924979,0.003568503,0.125312,0.06133129,0.0001442714,0.002179109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003446367,0.0001758155,0.9514044,0.00005265143,0.000009676616,0.000006006562,0.004919747,0.01141158,0.02759009,0.003709442,0.0002256655,0.0001503256],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961892,0.00009249961,0.0005213472,0.0009654497,0.00003034165,0.0000661165,0.000004574026,0.000002552689,0.002127904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989403,0.000003226635,0.0006567583,0.00002769622,0.00002152477,0.000002978683,0.000006880485,8.364843e-7,0.000339762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1935266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1474229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000253492","doi":"10.1029/2019ea000776","title":"Using CloudSat‐CPR Retrievals to Estimate Snow Accumulation in the Canadian Arctic","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Snow; Environmental science; Arctic; Snowpack; Latitude; Climatology; Satellite; Water equivalent; Atmospheric sciences; Physical geography; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09712787015343266,"gpt":0.3110788132003663,"spread":0.2139509430469336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004816144,0.0000665418,0.00007679713,0.00003728027,0.0006790461,0.000209478,0.0001842186,0.00001750041,0.0001263653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005421155,0.00004699001,0.00001185174,0.001387947,0.0001384212,0.0002035936,0.00001307949,0.00008325511,0.00003534811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007787649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002153427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.165115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6913753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991123,0.00002085221,0.00009121263,0.000215318,0.0002577887,0.0003025453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994912,0.00007399297,0.00002329844,0.00009534696,0.00004572613,0.0002704924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006443765,0.000001399463,0.9648029,0.0000044513,9.54269e-7,0.000006274404,0.002806914,0.02585436,0.00005040083,0.000358584,0.0000842255,0.006023139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000528725,0.00003982702,0.9020509,0.000008455627,0.000002341867,0.000002492438,0.0004096508,0.09173352,0.00001333143,0.00008279682,0.005537938,0.00006588354],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983484,0.0002432309,0.0001737385,0.01508125,0.0001096203,0.0001900261,0.00000789846,0.000008560357,0.0007016651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941265,0.00001679999,0.003083331,0.002699081,0.00005193185,3.170345e-7,0.000002232471,9.914846e-7,0.00001883074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5262603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8404446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386865899","doi":"10.1029/2023ea002827","title":"Impacts of Subauroral Polarization Streams on Storm‐Enhanced Density Plume and Consequently on Polar Tongue of Ionization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermosphere; Plume; Ionosphere; Atmospheric sciences; Magnetosphere; Physics; Noon; Geophysics; Plasma; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005371893130075849,"gpt":0.220496006287083,"spread":0.2151241131570071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001508002,0.00007835184,0.0001108553,0.00005132204,0.000119206,0.00002819229,0.0000555472,0.00002258767,0.0000241789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002778157,0.00007086986,0.00001655235,0.0004333033,0.0002234018,0.0001609106,0.00002954358,0.00005554369,0.000004539409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005989853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001084592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008218889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001754578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993706,0.00001731531,0.00010137,0.0001742392,0.0001763722,0.0001601281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995956,0.00002781136,0.00009326237,0.0001122324,0.00009238024,0.0000787221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001044387,0.000107913,0.5461619,0.00004122485,0.00001543974,0.000001471234,0.001393332,0.001074712,0.3444536,0.07694796,0.00006007943,0.02963793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006489991,0.0006609592,0.7550665,0.00006912956,0.00001295286,5.965257e-7,0.0008137756,0.009196495,0.232202,0.001077567,0.00005820547,0.0001928124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978329,0.00001010677,0.001054057,0.00008871697,0.00007176107,0.0001062774,0.00002515777,0.00001260336,0.0007984145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999491,0.000007630644,0.0001792493,0.00001894046,0.00001917735,5.954606e-7,0.00001902645,0.000004238878,0.0002601193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2089046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2889989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005102057","doi":"10.1029/2019ea001047","title":"Climate Changes and Their Teleconnections With ENSO Over the Last 55 Years, 1961–2015, in Floods‐Dominated Basin, Jiangxi Province, China","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Precipitation; Climatology; Teleconnection; Environmental science; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Flood myth; Climate change; China; Water resources; Multivariate ENSO index; Spring (device); Geography; Geology; La Niña; Meteorology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007298284934425091,"gpt":0.198766771578457,"spread":0.191468486644032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004303112,0.0001167179,0.0001203163,0.00003669287,0.0003068989,0.0001123586,0.0001665828,0.00003143492,0.0001417884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006690348,0.0000717835,0.00001195601,0.0005730045,0.0009537634,0.0002998915,0.0002120125,0.0001468713,0.00002345279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000168655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000309042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003738757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0068828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989405,0.0000422122,0.00008168084,0.0004129988,0.0001745763,0.0003480836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995777,0.00005004552,0.00003991655,0.0001664848,0.000005704836,0.0001601482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003201206,0.0003236439,0.7847404,0.0001180058,0.00001784162,0.00004771072,0.04482693,0.003748941,0.1023133,0.002470586,0.001445381,0.05962708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005688202,0.0002466329,0.9598767,0.00002843919,0.000006566322,0.00002345891,0.001102736,0.02589078,0.002210208,0.000107632,0.009704081,0.0002339059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926267,0.00004817847,0.0000431826,0.005451248,0.00002928216,0.0002954966,0.00001911398,0.00002602796,0.001460766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988957,0.0001254332,0.0002856391,0.0005670043,0.00002185823,0.000008778527,9.267327e-7,0.000005851694,0.00008882882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1751363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3840764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282982989","doi":"10.1029/2022ea002359","title":"Attribution of Observed Periodicity in Extreme Weather Events in Eastern North America","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Space Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Arctic oscillation; Pacific decadal oscillation; Extreme weather; North Atlantic oscillation; Environmental science; Oscillation (cell signaling); Teleconnection; Climate change; Sea surface temperature; Geology; Oceanography; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Northern Hemisphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0584357066573031,"gpt":0.2305337030671534,"spread":0.1720979964098503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005728339,0.00005758139,0.00009988868,0.00005274381,0.0001338829,0.000007058767,0.0001743483,0.00001063724,0.0006313346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003414213,0.00005590838,0.00001527834,0.000764414,0.0003675531,0.0002078171,0.0003091101,0.00009962991,0.00001236246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007282826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002992476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002600986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003593886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989842,0.00006301178,0.0001248472,0.0002703648,0.0003324614,0.0002251833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997312,0.00001570228,0.00004633313,0.0001413436,0.000003869112,0.00006158242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001397918,0.00007036659,0.983272,0.000002405772,1.826848e-7,0.000001149897,0.001455937,0.008495787,0.005498554,0.00002042527,0.000001033423,0.00116816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002049044,0.0000649603,0.9750302,0.000004121737,6.645658e-7,9.431985e-7,0.0003492284,0.02347407,0.0001011352,0.00008993349,0.0006171911,0.00006263697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991258,0.00001712288,0.0001163771,0.0002285478,0.00003471454,0.0001337229,0.00001006431,0.000004692259,0.0003289368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995264,0.0000110232,0.0002025486,0.00005413945,0.000001918834,0.000008190397,0.000001812172,0.00000168548,0.0001922491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01497828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.691267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}