{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":361,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":361,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"8ebfe7d8b93e","filters":{"venue":"Ecography"}},"results":[{"id":"W2112315008","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x","title":"Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9099,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Herbarium; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Predictive modelling; Species distribution; Environmental niche modelling; Data set; Environmental data; Ecology; Machine learning; Data mining; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Biology; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05803130636803126,"gpt":0.2955582420672953,"spread":0.237526935699264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002174309,0.0001144655,0.0001320788,0.00003491678,0.0001049991,0.00002583233,0.0004401342,0.00006067138,0.02632351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004060442,0.0001104671,0.00008433651,0.0005485322,0.000294061,0.0002466961,0.0003235462,0.00008809628,0.0001383937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008307717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005359436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001464896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003775291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989133,0.00003166094,0.0002648939,0.0003732188,0.0002091949,0.0002076851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990933,0.00006342185,0.0001284029,0.0006404779,0.00001453872,0.00005987804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002119968,0.0008575592,0.3451729,0.00001056209,0.00004479164,0.00000106919,0.00005751765,0.0000121657,0.4207749,0.003187418,0.2229606,0.006899232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002634995,0.00002472506,0.8243155,0.000003928995,0.00003177913,8.485698e-7,0.0001521065,0.0002775139,0.01014573,0.0004691627,0.1642052,0.0001100652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4403781,0.0002836896,0.233928,0.0004507345,0.001488329,0.0004506906,0.2473503,0.0002106645,0.07545947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9596424,0.00008213416,0.01432392,0.00006142198,0.0001524536,0.00002699286,0.02554639,0.00001077727,0.0001534699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5192643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9745666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033686454","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x","title":"Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6813,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Bird Studies Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Data mining; Sample size determination; Machine learning; Selection (genetic algorithm); Sample (material); Quality (philosophy); Sampling (signal processing); Environmental niche modelling; Abundance (ecology); Ecology; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Habitat; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0682027138181503,"gpt":0.2505812204736145,"spread":0.1823785066554642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004596726,0.00008422087,0.0001038544,0.00003906234,0.0001786282,0.000008007132,0.00005432908,0.00002647012,0.007531221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000110245,0.0000705951,0.00004729278,0.0003504966,0.0002525377,0.00009790264,0.00005115921,0.00004640554,0.00003995781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004896179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009982964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002593021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002173045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999298,0.00001986122,0.0001202055,0.0001673527,0.0002608084,0.0001337669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996787,0.00001485379,0.00004093474,0.0001351925,0.00003918669,0.00009109399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002740719,0.0009878948,0.8689757,0.00004892719,0.0002339605,0.00003175503,0.005376942,0.01951262,0.03326263,0.007983298,0.05813441,0.005177763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008103459,0.0001063828,0.9799955,0.00001767954,0.00005858944,0.0000452056,0.001810886,0.0104821,0.0005825199,0.0004552235,0.00544844,0.0001871296],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900084,0.0002168638,0.002588607,0.0002086147,0.00002957825,0.0001697008,0.00008328773,0.00002226555,0.006672742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990556,0.0002732078,0.0004441636,0.00004589909,0.000009838135,0.000008866378,0.00009629181,0.000004404653,0.00006176646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1110198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560136348","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02881","title":"Cross‐validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2439,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Overfitting; Random forest; Computer science; Cross-validation; Econometrics; Autoregressive model; Contrast (vision); Extrapolation; Data mining; Ecology; Statistics; Machine learning; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04089433553728782,"gpt":0.2890296900713945,"spread":0.2481353545341066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000860233,0.000137353,0.0001071315,0.00003483572,0.0001679207,0.000138119,0.0004002404,0.00005978071,0.04474936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002009088,0.00007392606,0.0000367571,0.0002373339,0.0003853204,0.000353393,0.0001322,0.00004020178,0.00009068179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004101143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001919661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001448106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002402708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989719,0.00002219767,0.0001472905,0.0004062552,0.0001994447,0.0002529082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992515,0.00005108129,0.00008016387,0.0005185057,0.00001435564,0.00008442759],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007315635,0.0002259977,0.868109,0.000056278,0.00008616639,0.000007758231,0.0001732528,0.000032353,0.03745208,0.001053424,0.05579255,0.0362796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002322903,0.0007374654,0.6653957,0.00003148683,0.00004781319,0.00001361803,0.000512622,0.0001097346,0.006697414,0.002885626,0.320655,0.0005905608],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866951,0.00002301167,0.008642805,0.0005173043,0.0001001412,0.000360334,0.002135768,0.00006275158,0.001462744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979042,0.00004016044,0.001028227,0.0001262983,0.0000506938,0.00003074899,0.0006395374,0.00001482886,0.0001652909],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2648625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9561239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077386988","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04042.x","title":"Dispersal and the metapopulation paradigm in amphibian ecology and conservation: are all amphibian populations metapopulations?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":921,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Metapopulation; Biological dispersal; Ecology; Amphibian; Biology; Habitat; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Threatened species; Population; Habitat fragmentation; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02217120426732323,"gpt":0.2473853419842315,"spread":0.2252141377169082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003875699,0.0001696034,0.0002543442,0.0001465652,0.0002405325,0.00004234034,0.0001081935,0.0001242153,0.0003133432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004367208,0.0001237909,0.00008227903,0.0003819172,0.0007608029,0.0002809065,0.00009021313,0.000132646,0.00004193192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004015019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004257879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007196499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06243758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986545,0.0002227118,0.0003640176,0.0003801419,0.0001170116,0.0002616522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993975,0.0001103812,0.0001638823,0.0002261269,0.00000546538,0.00009665161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003026845,0.00003738424,0.9883751,0.000002161464,0.00001998525,0.00000123155,0.0003223322,0.0003399928,0.000036284,0.0083481,0.0007950062,0.001692198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009840437,0.00001998985,0.9774339,0.000004428762,0.0000429226,0.00001831643,0.0001094841,0.005589562,0.000004874102,0.004283083,0.01134972,0.0001597184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786041,0.0003484364,0.0000685423,0.01953363,0.000113307,0.0004557045,0.00001078436,0.00003688819,0.0008286023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964123,0.000109808,0.001451878,0.001740628,0.00006571376,0.00004578967,0.00004742069,0.00001173662,0.0001147197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06171793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9546705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126532874","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250510.x","title":"A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":705,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Polytechnique Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Statistics; Spatial analysis; Range (aeronautics); Autocorrelation; Spatial ecology; Ecology; Temporal scales; Variance (accounting); Variogram; Sample size determination; Sampling (signal processing); Population; Geography; Mathematics; Computer science; Cartography; Kriging; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007611264277835186,"gpt":0.2122003492496362,"spread":0.204589084971801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009001089,0.00005942898,0.000156396,0.0001178658,0.00001946724,0.000006424324,0.00008058879,0.00002212699,0.006274213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001598738,0.00005760922,0.00006232339,0.0009672065,0.0000995345,0.00002767273,0.00003741945,0.00004538158,0.00008644971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000103445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.591674e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001254425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002413457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993473,0.000026121,0.0001766067,0.0001593792,0.0001426464,0.0001479931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999738,0.00004442821,0.00004251329,0.0001237109,0.000003142008,0.00004818026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002333645,0.00007056997,0.9532944,0.000005881517,0.00002105457,0.000003136859,0.0001696413,0.0002782372,0.000097818,0.00006968935,0.0006275146,0.04535975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001484735,0.00002490892,0.9805901,0.000004305117,0.00004276558,2.605962e-7,0.00001653008,0.01700304,0.00003046735,0.0006654621,0.001400915,0.00007275147],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9323389,0.00009980225,0.04405759,0.00006744164,0.0000612623,0.0001197039,0.00009021966,0.00001584238,0.02314925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942108,0.00005218363,0.005631994,0.00005259197,0.000005880986,0.000006375834,0.000008798375,0.000003330476,0.00002804877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06187191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124151745","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250508.x","title":"The consequences of spatial structure for the design and analysis of ecological field surveys","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":675,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spatial analysis; Autocorrelation; Sampling (signal processing); Statistics; Ecology; Field (mathematics); Regression analysis; Type I and type II errors; Sampling design; Spatial variability; Spatial ecology; Computer science; Mathematics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01772222623562413,"gpt":0.2319096366252008,"spread":0.2141874103895767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000409276,0.00003924476,0.00009606199,0.0000245677,0.0001997384,0.000004305268,0.00009489754,0.00003409622,0.0003354111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001020295,0.00001937383,0.00006780554,0.0002205236,0.0006492369,0.00001606356,0.00002718656,0.00003358276,3.789398e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001980739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.679372e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007775765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002885902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995718,0.0001255575,0.0001076132,0.00007798689,0.00004758804,0.00006945997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973275,0.002506943,0.00007706782,0.00007074078,0.000008674946,0.000009048529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007027651,0.00001518465,0.9918401,0.000001581516,0.0003234647,1.052295e-7,0.00019259,0.002886277,0.0001643567,0.0003553896,0.0002396746,0.003974227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006128541,0.0001096866,0.9770659,3.651016e-7,0.0001466531,1.794706e-7,0.00005554005,0.01965795,0.0002520138,0.002572959,0.00005115752,0.0000263521],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692288,0.0003155899,0.02892914,0.0009072152,0.00006916652,0.0002345957,0.00002465343,0.000004062797,0.0002867537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989563,0.0002246196,0.0007235098,0.00006010522,0.000002704315,0.00001079154,8.707158e-7,8.425577e-7,0.00002022167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02972752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3672516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114851743","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00303.x","title":"Hierarchical habitat selection by woodland caribou: its relationship to limiting factors","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":535,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","funders":"","keywords":"Woodland caribou; Black spruce; Ecology; Habitat; Woodland; Spatial ecology; Geography; Taiga; Basal area; Range (aeronautics); Boreal; Selection (genetic algorithm); Population; Physical geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01171294965092214,"gpt":0.2143988412772283,"spread":0.2026858916263061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001297849,0.00009355758,0.00007418879,0.0000601763,0.0003171348,0.00002434811,0.00008838451,0.00009006727,0.00290046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005325198,0.00009329549,0.00005637563,0.0005538136,0.00004823643,0.0001967666,0.00001856445,0.0001648682,0.0006907207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003814052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004445679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006496889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005021394,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999201,0.00007191743,0.0001450198,0.0002392815,0.0001230311,0.0002197271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996551,0.0001234998,0.00002826956,0.00007961472,0.000004592401,0.000108904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001096132,0.00003291017,0.9848455,9.303697e-7,0.000006048861,3.401641e-7,0.0001963949,0.000239187,0.000129937,0.00003434762,0.01312285,0.001380664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000107786,0.00006997457,0.9877259,0.000003111902,0.00000780525,0.000001547403,0.00001609194,0.0001410341,0.0001217769,0.0003740022,0.01131839,0.0001126275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922508,0.00001340537,0.00008778126,0.001039738,0.00007196805,0.0001502473,0.000009908063,0.00006770924,0.006308432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979727,0.000004145377,0.0002851629,0.0007743401,0.00003062469,0.00002253807,0.000040649,0.000008172036,0.0008616631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005721894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027575815","doi":"10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.05041.x","title":"A null‐model for significance testing of presence‐only species distribution models","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":534,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Null model; Ecology; Null (SQL); Distribution (mathematics); Biology; Mathematics; Computer science; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06500761991252975,"gpt":0.2620322044597359,"spread":0.1970245845472062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003618951,0.0001164657,0.0001327486,0.00003465253,0.000127497,0.00001841151,0.0001894047,0.00005700252,0.001338762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009942488,0.0001134806,0.0001260295,0.0005511738,0.0002552318,0.0001910207,0.00006211058,0.00005728952,0.00002496039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001118653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009550766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007387876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002650114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988992,0.000008933187,0.0002576031,0.0002504511,0.0002387142,0.0003451462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994042,0.0001532555,0.0001307849,0.0001842531,0.0000386887,0.00008880913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005134354,0.001550343,0.6131794,0.0002481948,0.000100415,0.000008127778,0.002437366,0.02258286,0.1101002,0.0932941,0.1230857,0.03289977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00143311,0.0003599136,0.7006567,0.00006968006,0.00007254194,0.000008878009,0.002927351,0.2168419,0.02445945,0.02222286,0.0300332,0.000914385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6895011,0.00005676538,0.2689905,0.0001065063,0.0001250187,0.0004677691,0.001002521,0.00007819637,0.03967159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971018,0.00001600949,0.002322351,0.00004903401,0.00002618923,0.00002583679,0.0001348414,0.000008833043,0.0003150909],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3076007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2756798011","doi":"10.1111/ecog.03187","title":"Hypervolume concepts in niche‐ and trait‐based ecology","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":391,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; McGill University","keywords":"Operationalization; Ecology; Ecological niche; Trait; Niche; Set (abstract data type); Environmental niche modelling; Evolutionary ecology; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Biology; Epistemology; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02239632326306919,"gpt":0.2728862154103926,"spread":0.2504898921473234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009527838,0.00006707797,0.00008865332,0.00002738703,0.0001622427,0.00004245368,0.000166103,0.00005214155,0.02562536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002344035,0.00006619358,0.00003915111,0.0000622335,0.0003978609,0.00009593612,0.00007304142,0.00005955645,0.0002202652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000403274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003128028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004425791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994716,0.00001754624,0.00008173464,0.0001805655,0.00006673198,0.0001818154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996704,0.00001720818,0.00004759975,0.0001991411,0.000002180792,0.00006349426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005591708,0.00004232958,0.9945296,0.000002020545,0.000001741809,0.0000055297,0.00005357968,0.000001231778,0.0005816375,0.0001352933,0.002887259,0.001754188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004853368,0.00003260293,0.9741908,0.000001876621,0.000002610648,0.000001304634,0.0001432581,0.00006617829,0.0001511362,0.0001289532,0.02471576,0.00008015898],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9506235,0.00002604406,0.000003087681,0.0007747806,0.00008992591,0.00007608612,0.00002891322,0.00001561562,0.04836212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999334,0.00001966157,0.00004396437,0.0004658144,0.000008497814,0.00001552758,0.00001051111,0.000003988722,0.00009797262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04871064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9752653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153183512","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5378.x","title":"Transferability, sample selection bias and background data in presence‐only modelling: a response to Peterson et al. (2007)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":365,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transferability; Selection (genetic algorithm); Sample (material); Selection bias; Ecology; Geography; Statistics; Biology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1484374145973752,"gpt":0.3069080754695188,"spread":0.1584706608721436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007579182,0.0001189602,0.0001207049,0.0001029567,0.0001240809,0.00004048116,0.0002186607,0.00004229157,0.00533605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006633309,0.0001205248,0.00003673195,0.0006893668,0.0001417396,0.0003409274,0.000127171,0.0001138516,0.00008905912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009654689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001269767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002391541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005371164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986809,0.0001607674,0.0001703122,0.0004865379,0.0002345626,0.0002668542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993184,0.0001906849,0.00002141639,0.0003282186,0.000007384169,0.000133862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001169885,0.0003901197,0.9448282,0.00001005909,0.00001280281,0.00001092102,0.00225709,0.001096245,0.00171709,0.00009025002,0.04764862,0.0007687778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004777752,0.0002300861,0.8020823,0.000008389296,0.000005008576,0.00002841715,0.0006196548,0.004371991,0.00008151503,0.0001180717,0.1917494,0.0002273789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928365,0.00003613059,0.003123272,0.002318325,0.00006167601,0.0002462062,0.0003317941,0.00003959999,0.00100644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971219,0.0002815257,0.0009714607,0.001428361,0.000007444251,0.00001120442,0.0001250384,0.000009539584,0.00004347034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1441008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096315163","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.06105.x","title":"Variation partitioning as a tool to distinguish between niche and neutral processes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":361,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Niche; Variation (astronomy); Ecology; Niche differentiation; Evolutionary biology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005800855800032041,"gpt":0.2306592600924603,"spread":0.2248584042924282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001269088,0.00005926087,0.00006279154,0.00003113195,0.0002395349,0.00002784493,0.0000532782,0.00003911987,0.0001369193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002114036,0.00005764415,0.00001649486,0.0002431248,0.00008297599,0.0001045573,0.00005538333,0.00009049207,0.00009038942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000439125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004214641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005577799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001914717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995562,0.0000109935,0.00009194526,0.0001664666,0.00004947838,0.0001249177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997668,0.00007839594,0.00003604321,0.00006189261,0.00001119317,0.00004565951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002008447,0.00001304248,0.9974754,0.000005665426,0.000008837651,4.83438e-7,0.000699784,0.00003769655,0.0002843275,0.0005983941,0.000128819,0.0007455076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007350489,0.00004000254,0.9900031,0.000002746687,0.00001281679,0.000001126104,0.00002145223,0.00004491306,0.00008599447,0.008221,0.001412206,0.00008111449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932578,0.000006122672,0.0002955428,0.0004720502,0.0000962437,0.0001065987,0.000004169608,0.00003501897,0.005726422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973017,0.000004350744,0.002268693,0.0002455105,0.00005426519,0.00003630884,0.000005608801,0.000004056883,0.00007953228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007622607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.235066,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111872234","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250506.x","title":"Conceptual and mathematical relationships among methods for spatial analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":356,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Range (aeronautics); Natural (archaeology); Computer science; Overdispersion; Spatial ecology; Tree (set theory); Spatial relation; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04620229349769667,"gpt":0.2868634542855382,"spread":0.2406611607878416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003099806,0.000064988,0.0001165066,0.00007529066,0.0001461548,0.00002386767,0.00005110129,0.00003851671,0.001812836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001362504,0.00006029629,0.00008721732,0.0003690171,0.0002499664,0.00005546142,0.00003496811,0.00005770207,0.00003050259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000064313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":4.039106e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006679259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001077556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994364,0.00005934113,0.0001317118,0.0001730653,0.00006820055,0.0001313249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993751,0.0003978861,0.00004337668,0.0001054684,0.000004466197,0.00007372662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003821663,0.00006932133,0.9204533,0.000007681642,0.0002554333,0.000001139137,0.002463327,0.000265091,0.00007982512,0.0131177,0.002720933,0.06056245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002177859,0.00003700722,0.8127828,0.000002763398,0.0003096606,8.566467e-7,0.00024009,0.1546424,0.00002471468,0.02554068,0.006044523,0.000156767],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1952993,0.00005027635,0.7956625,0.00006938331,0.00003336883,0.0001525859,0.00001205881,0.00002358488,0.008696984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8011131,0.000008249132,0.1986509,0.00003153326,0.00001362293,0.00002537657,0.000006071195,0.000004711181,0.0001464923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6058137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549927474","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02769","title":"Climate drivers of bark beetle outbreak dynamics in Norway spruce forests","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":346,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Skogforsk; Umeå Universitet; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Stiftelsen för Miljöstrategisk Forskning","keywords":"Bark beetle; Ecology; Outbreak; Climate change; Bark (sound); Geography; Mountain pine beetle; Forestry; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003601138960087474,"gpt":0.1929555310681106,"spread":0.1893543921080232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000173762,0.00009047639,0.0001135898,0.0001177822,0.00004065639,0.000003279748,0.0001982787,0.00005805855,0.001618993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000108255,0.0000688262,0.00007661178,0.0003075405,0.0002453677,0.0001332612,0.0001756083,0.00004531197,0.0005348584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008900728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002350311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001507872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02121258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992242,0.00002539284,0.000167482,0.0002036303,0.0001058927,0.0002733347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964,0.00004269286,0.00006757852,0.0002001546,0.000003057202,0.00004650652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001855282,0.00007618246,0.9895537,0.000007643024,0.000009731802,0.00001011858,0.00006517059,0.00008571734,0.0004685298,0.003489453,0.0009706856,0.005244448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003972747,0.00007812596,0.9947746,0.00001603844,0.000006875062,0.000001092609,0.00003999596,0.0001815277,0.000174671,0.002920315,0.001310755,0.00009873092],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615185,0.000006412094,0.0001561419,0.0001035737,0.000158257,0.0001498942,0.00001823551,0.00001599725,0.03787299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919,0.00006397696,0.0003915257,0.00008072581,0.000005951539,0.00001476545,0.000002992182,0.00000766731,0.0002423628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03767153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096786076","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00983","title":"Predicting ecosystem functions from biodiversity and mutualistic networks: an extension of trait‐based concepts to plant–animal interactions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":339,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Ecology; Ecological network; Biological dispersal; Species richness; Trait; Biology; Ecosystem services; Trophic level; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Computer science; Population; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03719125108245164,"gpt":0.212455004703983,"spread":0.1752637536215314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009233336,0.00008891684,0.0001495466,0.00002318742,0.0003018267,0.00002680259,0.00007261001,0.00003557771,0.00006598046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002519725,0.00004065809,0.00006160373,0.0001901579,0.00003508534,0.0000801729,0.00003608166,0.00005788112,0.000004674697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003720799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001057659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007505951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01342227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993924,0.00005825836,0.0001269347,0.0002176589,0.00007318429,0.0001315497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994874,0.0002942845,0.00006473157,0.00002093717,0.00003808407,0.00009453727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002611716,0.0001495828,0.898828,0.000009210897,0.00005807157,0.000002660544,0.0003163237,0.00009078342,0.09016182,0.00004740958,0.002515309,0.007559671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001054186,0.0004873442,0.9913626,0.00004525909,0.00003225213,0.000001462305,0.0008369378,0.003476404,0.0001404367,0.00001324134,0.003395245,0.0001033668],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979567,0.0000431828,0.00005820995,0.0001530107,0.0001035237,0.00008597071,0.001431765,0.00005440213,0.0001132505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994711,0.00000513382,0.00005780955,0.0001010586,0.0001799311,0.000003505604,0.0001785033,3.742317e-7,0.000002599777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09253465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7489941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004320369","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07438.x","title":"Hierarchical effects of environmental filters on the functional structure of plant communities: a case study in the French Alps","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":338,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Species evenness; Trait; Ecology; Species richness; Plant community; Biodiversity; Null model; Environmental gradient; Specific leaf area; Community structure; Vegetation (pathology); Gradient analysis; Resampling; Geography; Biology; Ecological succession; Habitat; Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009519816764328854,"gpt":0.2045429477701274,"spread":0.1950231310057986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002217461,0.00007913488,0.00009491719,0.00004820052,0.0001626428,0.000002443886,0.0001396439,0.000030424,0.0003067135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000099011,0.00004411176,0.00005032872,0.0001257489,0.0004230434,0.00004303624,0.00007626197,0.0001986265,0.000004355116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001260455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001345433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002850428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002848035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992178,0.0003076675,0.0001317954,0.00006459023,0.0001526018,0.0001255196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987811,0.0009678863,0.00006163758,0.0001717709,8.982054e-7,0.00001666711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001131825,0.000585459,0.9785169,0.000005895669,0.00004555374,0.00001142403,0.02007421,0.0001639847,0.0001709544,0.0001322187,0.0001876922,0.00009443126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002469848,0.0002501296,0.9865885,0.000004595182,0.00001781354,0.00003678939,0.01240155,0.00007030103,0.00005096328,0.0002662202,0.00002069972,0.00004548404],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991546,0.00004176702,0.000006272761,0.00005836226,0.00008959238,0.0003109845,0.00005437151,0.000002458355,0.0002815858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997678,0.000007019847,0.00002341013,0.0001504752,0.000009849007,0.00002580134,0.000008537652,0.00000286751,0.000004235076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008071613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3358297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125424449","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04675.x","title":"Spatial patterns and competition of tree species in a Douglas‐fir chronosequence on Vancouver Island","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":316,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; U.S. Forest Service","keywords":"Chronosequence; Point pattern analysis; Spatial ecology; Ecology; Competition (biology); Common spatial pattern; Western Hemlock; Spatial distribution; Geography; Stand development; Biology; Ecological succession","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003998439928832286,"gpt":0.182531851027128,"spread":0.1785334110982958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005608218,0.00006551569,0.00009244533,0.00006598581,0.00004770942,0.000004020122,0.00004295602,0.00003036393,0.000262831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003379858,0.00006050292,0.00002637042,0.0001001134,0.0002097288,0.00005921969,0.00002982049,0.00005185867,0.00001051622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001985663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001411689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001319368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3420204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995536,0.00002231582,0.0001213858,0.0001355721,0.00006957463,0.00009757311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998277,0.00004433225,0.00005179409,0.00006185498,0.000003080594,0.000011194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001078495,0.00006519969,0.998014,0.000006351954,0.000003754244,0.00000258793,0.0001054533,0.0004535678,0.0002415757,0.0004957822,0.0003368628,0.0002640717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003241227,0.00008999557,0.9962596,0.00001312273,0.000003357116,4.16896e-7,0.00004056108,0.0003242096,0.0001751327,0.002374358,0.0003304261,0.00006469052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786293,0.00001767883,0.0003951814,0.00006420061,0.0001209913,0.00007729012,0.00001503442,0.000007101348,0.02067322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996458,0.00004384475,0.0001091619,0.000055509,0.00002227013,0.000008450001,0.000005785319,0.000002838039,0.0001063485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.340701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.669986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125561155","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04823.x","title":"Effects of species’ ecology on the accuracy of distribution models","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Ecology; Habitat; Ecological niche; Environmental niche modelling; Species distribution; Range (aeronautics); Biodiversity; Distribution (mathematics); Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01685185205235535,"gpt":0.2282098279224059,"spread":0.2113579758700506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002734189,0.00007748242,0.0001086875,0.0000283461,0.0000604405,0.000004109565,0.0001747466,0.00005000002,0.00723243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008501072,0.00005455062,0.0001171058,0.0004008729,0.0002874972,0.00005886188,0.00006210493,0.00006650374,0.00009706774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007201922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002134601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003741414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008697308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992936,0.0000306748,0.0001773663,0.0001253921,0.0001842091,0.0001887172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992174,0.0004293673,0.0001301359,0.0001716376,0.00001137246,0.00004010891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004752453,0.00284945,0.337763,0.0001797407,0.000169116,0.00001968877,0.001330096,0.0003510593,0.1335165,0.4089933,0.1051972,0.009155564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002116804,0.0001283471,0.9105661,0.000007103998,0.00001138532,6.703002e-7,0.0002880399,0.00003234639,0.08119196,0.001439352,0.006054761,0.00006827891],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9603826,0.00002417159,0.000679442,0.000200928,0.0001164091,0.0001910133,0.00007699061,0.00001316277,0.0383153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996856,0.00006319548,0.00001151762,0.0001403175,0.00001177485,0.000007077173,0.00003555779,0.000003624841,0.00004128184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5728031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9936751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990608295","doi":"10.1111/j.2005.0906-7590.04263.x","title":"Linking moose habitat selection to limiting factors","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Habitat; Predation; Ecology; Snow; Limiting; Range (aeronautics); Spatial ecology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Vegetation (pathology); Geography; Home range; Scale (ratio); Biology; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01013827884487563,"gpt":0.2122386909784555,"spread":0.2021004121335799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001329703,0.00007721455,0.00006042205,0.00007530391,0.0002050681,0.00001920123,0.00008451057,0.00005768258,0.0006462258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002652625,0.0000777264,0.000055007,0.0004392982,0.00003064281,0.0002289131,0.00004126593,0.00009269434,0.0006775018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004544917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000289166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002342029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001057563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993821,0.00002621698,0.0001179516,0.0001893999,0.00009141806,0.0001929601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997705,0.00004603366,0.00003862449,0.00007422088,0.000004794924,0.00006580452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003288262,0.0000231468,0.9868599,7.332192e-7,0.000004374792,2.312585e-7,0.0002595445,0.001102357,0.0005712914,0.00002626633,0.002138965,0.009009959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006419948,0.00004173716,0.9828988,0.000004084385,0.000005042979,0.000001083808,0.00003437649,0.0004410359,0.0008161119,0.0001989243,0.01539658,0.00009807402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927377,0.000006685344,0.0005221142,0.001010495,0.0001088708,0.0000992479,7.160336e-7,0.00008309403,0.005431107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944841,0.000002129851,0.003534337,0.001716757,0.00009439037,0.00001298338,0.000004589346,0.000007307284,0.0001434651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01325761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8708141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547104212","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02558","title":"Loss of habitat and connectivity erodes species diversity, ecosystem functioning, and stability in metacommunity networks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":293,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais; McGill University","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Metacommunity; Biological dispersal; Biodiversity; Ecology; Landscape connectivity; Habitat; Ecosystem; Extinction debt; Habitat fragmentation; Habitat destruction; Spatial ecology; Biology; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01325244092830788,"gpt":0.1979308642894729,"spread":0.184678423361165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005167549,0.00007199578,0.0001526795,0.00004755219,0.00025008,0.000005539914,0.00006348901,0.00004314545,0.0001065957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004830939,0.00005403549,0.00003103526,0.0001443358,0.0005462643,0.0001773245,0.000501836,0.00006554226,0.00000188879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002381996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001202136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001791227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05719743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999394,0.0001631529,0.000115755,0.0001568558,0.00005686273,0.0001133762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993632,0.0004210919,0.00006496422,0.0001116462,0.00000916593,0.00002993043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001595328,0.00004393329,0.9986783,0.00001031107,0.00002338539,4.595559e-7,0.0003828909,0.00005136802,0.00006928328,0.0003500945,0.00001599335,0.000358033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002801585,0.00005364856,0.9963077,0.000009856879,0.00001186727,9.47323e-7,0.0002311836,0.0002322401,0.00004769837,0.002731564,0.0000277049,0.0000654182],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975902,0.0001357052,0.0005758241,0.0001341046,0.0000605741,0.00009441019,0.000009863148,0.00001105954,0.001388212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996405,0.000229948,0.00009154507,0.00001405433,0.000003701833,0.000004332529,5.81816e-7,0.000002040351,0.00001334856],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05701831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9600062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200079906","doi":"10.1111/ecog.05877","title":"Species distribution models rarely predict the biology of real populations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":292,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Abundance (ecology); Ecology; Population; Biology; Ecological niche; Habitat; Diversity (politics); Niche; Species distribution; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0534176744223849,"gpt":0.2576349635876055,"spread":0.2042172891652206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008755995,0.00006724337,0.00008561477,0.00001349963,0.0001353296,0.00001337891,0.0001211617,0.00004501158,0.01576068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001830125,0.00005021396,0.0001131835,0.0004678447,0.000262214,0.00008294945,0.00009509484,0.00005547893,0.00006159476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005525375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005263335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002172071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005424593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993817,0.00004861162,0.0001546153,0.000150765,0.0001152784,0.0001490488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996471,0.00002462401,0.00006182944,0.0002108349,0.00001831371,0.0000373346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001613096,0.0002210554,0.6506683,0.000007517788,0.00003551578,0.000002881094,0.0003188902,0.0004254299,0.006000337,0.2817225,0.05932846,0.001253025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001438609,0.00002602546,0.9481829,0.00000309251,0.00001729035,0.000003344919,0.0007630031,0.0003372607,0.001461797,0.006873835,0.04210718,0.00008037693],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9114417,0.0001508193,0.0016211,0.0009477433,0.0002101434,0.00009626181,0.001221819,0.00003883871,0.08427157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982355,0.0003252296,0.00004366174,0.00005555678,0.00002124143,0.00001134331,0.001100493,0.000003499038,0.000203527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2975146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9851391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149352461","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04714.x","title":"Null Versus Neutral Models: What's The Difference?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Null model; Neutral theory of molecular evolution; Null (SQL); Null hypothesis; Hierarchy; Genetic algorithm; Statistical physics; Ecology; Econometrics; Mathematics; Physics; Computer science; Biology; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01211908446673944,"gpt":0.2044850940414433,"spread":0.1923660095747038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007542788,0.00008258075,0.00006597048,0.00002423996,0.0002809373,0.00004527084,0.0001606688,0.0000385115,0.0001782163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002713993,0.00005666005,0.0000758817,0.0002018753,0.000289026,0.000250728,0.00006773014,0.00008940748,0.0001545361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001426853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001761926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002127785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005583693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994579,0.00002953538,0.00009454457,0.0001572612,0.00007443253,0.0001863034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997144,0.00009057042,0.0000353189,0.0001354013,0.000003820293,0.00002052197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001427067,0.0004307667,0.853614,0.000008481364,0.0001478555,0.00001195268,0.001868568,0.04235442,0.0002705371,0.0713929,0.01636297,0.0133948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003474624,0.00005177175,0.9145345,0.000002375546,0.0000188184,9.311428e-7,0.0002554599,0.00628517,0.00003601518,0.07735476,0.0009908873,0.0001218255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585886,0.0002450824,0.0004662023,0.0009920305,0.0005689073,0.00009509296,0.000001368459,0.00003994338,0.03900279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988642,0.0001440535,0.0002148445,0.0002197668,0.00003722366,0.000026177,0.000004500318,0.000004687151,0.0004845082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06092048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3115832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035609735","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.00121.x","title":"The assembly of tropical tree communities – the advances and shortcomings of phylogenetic and functional trait analyses","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":273,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Trait; Ecology; Community; Tree (set theory); Biology; Tree of life (biology); Similarity (geometry); Computer science; Habitat; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01742312818495322,"gpt":0.2462517688070616,"spread":0.2288286406221084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007317781,0.0000494591,0.00008367356,0.00001996162,0.0002448878,0.000008079884,0.0000710414,0.00001829728,0.00005578459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009851808,0.00002656354,0.0000355076,0.00008705709,0.001198169,0.00005879351,0.00006077349,0.00004753884,8.630245e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001733889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001259846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000100429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002897182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996403,0.00005451418,0.0001155689,0.00005433013,0.00006601938,0.00006926277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994179,0.0004239221,0.00006021299,0.00007546545,0.000009460085,0.00001303987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005732783,0.0000167175,0.9927176,0.000005435564,0.00004700803,2.798e-8,0.0004838419,0.00006778487,0.0007239883,0.0004231402,0.00009321458,0.005415483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007990461,0.00006088142,0.9939733,0.000001994342,0.0000216865,0.000001059539,0.001503776,0.0005418923,0.000110015,0.003477796,0.0001979162,0.00002974478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962464,0.001788268,0.00007666995,0.0003545628,0.00002145654,0.00007106737,0.000002513755,0.000002597849,0.001436465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987802,0.0009258485,0.0001874812,0.00005228401,0.000004039144,0.0000184333,7.333296e-7,0.000001677656,0.00002928783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005385738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4414703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039854688","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00574.x","title":"The influence of interspecific interactions on species range expansion rates","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":272,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Interspecific competition; Range (aeronautics); Ecology; Biological dispersal; Competition (biology); Population; Storage effect; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007954669905996338,"gpt":0.2304161579207013,"spread":0.222461488014705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000161858,0.00006200962,0.00006918945,0.00004232159,0.0002621326,0.00001056361,0.0001312407,0.0000178024,0.0001614993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006634389,0.00004153998,0.00005838291,0.0001744558,0.0003878048,0.0000837499,0.00005580237,0.00008102765,0.0001760707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001321125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.354126e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001407311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006691417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995284,0.00005246967,0.0001261082,0.0001159951,0.0000771413,0.00009984873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993791,0.0003711913,0.00007208241,0.0001482408,0.00001140472,0.0000180002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005590761,0.0001140175,0.9702672,0.000005126457,0.00004213217,4.484613e-7,0.001667392,0.004028215,0.004138618,0.01006547,0.006553594,0.003061862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008788139,0.00007737803,0.9830608,0.000009565003,0.000004381254,4.122334e-7,0.0002934456,0.0002605582,0.0003516652,0.002344599,0.01345835,0.00005090708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978523,0.00002210906,0.0001016647,0.0005608565,0.0001828258,0.00006500565,0.000001731417,0.00001449676,0.02052836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991301,0.0001130654,0.00009176572,0.0001318484,0.00001450749,0.00001421052,0.000001010997,0.000003223177,0.0005002476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02060717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2263091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012842957","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07785.x","title":"Exploring the role of physiology and biotic interactions in determining elevational ranges of tropical animals","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":257,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Abiotic component; Ecological niche; Ecology; Biotic component; Niche; Habitat; Biodiversity; Biology; Environmental niche modelling; Competition (biology); Organism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06813387016185399,"gpt":0.263148847875014,"spread":0.19501497771316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004980808,0.00003360079,0.00006032463,0.00003446674,0.00002382612,0.000001914159,0.00004281766,0.00000794813,0.002518756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001332591,0.00002514419,0.00002759397,0.0001504962,0.0001263314,0.000103107,0.00003861905,0.00003494006,0.000009204896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001253585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.439539e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002535494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004555386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996911,0.00002183844,0.00009466017,0.00005327749,0.00004951789,0.00008956882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998251,0.00006458778,0.00003995673,0.00004940486,0.000002773512,0.00001816404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006161634,0.00003577321,0.8622674,0.000002809211,0.000003289686,2.336168e-8,0.0003755451,0.000001018949,0.1356385,0.0006213359,0.00001105404,0.001037141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006961736,0.00001215234,0.9814412,0.000003663598,0.000003026291,0.000001044002,0.001357036,0.00002092957,0.01604529,0.00009501224,0.0009263612,0.00002465036],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998232,0.00008416886,0.000002019329,0.00004637129,0.00003650099,0.00003260743,0.00000637219,0.00000279396,0.001557188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998729,0.00005198453,0.00003050966,0.00001688556,0.00001212596,0.00001062225,0.000002108273,0.000001627666,0.000001290331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1195932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985817723","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06201.x","title":"Landscape size affects the relative importance of habitat amount, habitat fragmentation, and matrix quality on forest birds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":242,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Habitat; Ecology; Fragmentation (computing); Forest fragmentation; Habitat fragmentation; Geography; Environmental science; Agroforestry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005999380860575748,"gpt":0.2567644279009946,"spread":0.2507650470404189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000444836,0.0001112891,0.0001367114,0.00003694369,0.0002544568,0.00001186269,0.0001104601,0.00006688757,0.0001616069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001875718,0.00007793537,0.00006997756,0.0002559224,0.0005660592,0.0001524722,0.00006082847,0.0001910825,0.00003147575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008230433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000393828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003257599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02281133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999231,0.00007746339,0.0001832219,0.0002164892,0.0001441328,0.0001477324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986312,0.000951227,0.0001801475,0.0001853634,0.00001365189,0.00003845746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001972451,0.00004467726,0.9894986,0.000008744991,0.00003191836,6.817823e-7,0.0005911987,0.00007983989,0.0004806342,0.008462236,0.0007145715,0.00006721586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003017827,0.0001108731,0.9839502,0.000004115606,0.00001682156,0.000001121766,0.0001886401,0.0001372091,0.00008101869,0.01497712,0.0001386165,0.00009248687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913516,0.00008101322,0.00005914479,0.0008717345,0.0001689832,0.0002295206,0.0000141676,0.00002155131,0.007202279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985449,0.00003969391,0.0009581156,0.0002590549,0.00001543164,0.00003470023,0.000004560417,0.000007498454,0.0001360895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02277876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148646187","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04445.x","title":"Landscape level analysis of mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, Canada: spatiotemporal development and spatial synchrony within the present outbreak","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":240,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mountain pine beetle; Geography; Outbreak; Disjunct; Ecology; Population; Spatial ecology; Spatial heterogeneity; Population density; Physical geography; Forestry; Biology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00818471903492687,"gpt":0.1946315217086843,"spread":0.1864468026737574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001672759,0.00007189264,0.0002005883,0.00004710878,0.0001609149,0.00002344804,0.0000952534,0.00004146801,0.0004030933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005939302,0.00008020721,0.00004127241,0.0005029643,0.0002031855,0.00004049152,0.0001113952,0.0000746771,0.000001255803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000641196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004341906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9857113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991463,0.00003705732,0.0002653365,0.0002052621,0.0001815344,0.0001644717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997443,0.00003215684,0.0001011288,0.00008696751,0.000008055314,0.00002740103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003984461,0.00007064495,0.9938943,0.000002951127,0.00007303889,0.00001225891,0.000105745,0.000491289,0.00001281262,0.000001404938,0.002387287,0.002944228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001665041,0.00002648047,0.9979146,0.000004245624,0.00008996506,0.000001486044,0.0001788431,0.0005285849,0.00003183615,0.00001769308,0.00094088,0.00009893268],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990858,0.0001705831,0.00003839878,0.0001055429,0.00003435613,0.000139897,0.00005032218,0.000005483037,0.0003696549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993656,0.000005668327,0.0003009828,0.00004334348,0.00001071048,0.0000246826,0.00002822051,0.000004193865,0.0002166555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01418747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4413589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460271296","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02006","title":"Trait variation and integration across scales: is the leaf economic spectrum present at local scales?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":236,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Trait; Variation (astronomy); Context (archaeology); Ecology; Correlation; Trait theory; Scale (ratio); Biology; Big Five personality traits; Psychology; Geography; Social psychology; Mathematics; Personality; Computer science; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005985194536964986,"gpt":0.2215415187037677,"spread":0.2155563241668027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002125497,0.00009633262,0.00008430822,0.00002232064,0.0003828802,0.00002190233,0.0001026155,0.00004941432,0.0004455576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007010982,0.00005627262,0.00005546563,0.00007108441,0.0006309026,0.0001822633,0.0001203599,0.00005186522,0.0003053145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009951708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002186306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001114344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01217265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993057,0.00004506524,0.0001463267,0.00024758,0.00006808359,0.0001872466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996249,0.0001261074,0.00007210835,0.0001361103,0.000003074497,0.00003767685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007592428,0.00008648016,0.9411649,0.000006547006,0.00009706915,0.00000112637,0.005391229,0.0003766902,0.001078553,0.002498321,0.006090791,0.04313235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002821603,0.00007133865,0.9871142,0.000004526436,0.00000827368,0.000002546296,0.000143152,0.002243094,0.0003217437,0.008364015,0.001351844,0.00009311988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824365,0.00007311661,0.008640226,0.006788448,0.0001580975,0.0001771141,0.00003386219,0.00002400383,0.001668645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989209,0.0001833379,0.00009735509,0.0002577451,0.00003983546,0.00002986415,0.000003131271,0.000005836632,0.0004620587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04594927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6792623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547604611","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02535","title":"Experimental evidence does not support the Habitat Amount Hypothesis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Species richness; Habitat; Ecology; Habitat fragmentation; Fragmentation (computing); Habitat destruction; Landscape ecology; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0177262832242318,"gpt":0.2386293301188388,"spread":0.220903046894607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002392912,0.0001045666,0.0000882945,0.00003007856,0.0002970822,0.00001502593,0.0002370417,0.00003601641,0.002515961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006991933,0.00004579882,0.0001008492,0.0001269772,0.0006211346,0.0002347072,0.0001368928,0.00004515292,0.001225457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004080603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003514469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002068599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004694527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992041,0.0000559026,0.0001370876,0.0002369218,0.0001520819,0.0002138997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991994,0.0004825936,0.00005906985,0.0002121243,0.00000544767,0.00004135515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002282616,0.00006711097,0.9572144,0.000001921076,0.00003970453,0.000003918232,0.0006758915,0.000005105906,0.03323354,0.000416062,0.005471791,0.0028477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001536951,0.00009664505,0.9702146,0.00001084987,0.00001512364,0.000003075277,0.0002258109,0.00001121418,0.02459551,0.001678005,0.002851309,0.0001441873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893241,0.00009751858,0.0001088048,0.004918729,0.0002668646,0.0001461152,0.000007459876,0.00004117864,0.005089223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969777,0.0000954483,0.000369231,0.001059117,0.00002663069,0.00007874766,2.426891e-7,0.000007140003,0.001385707],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01300015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973855283","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05548.x","title":"Detecting spatial hot spots in landscape ecology","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cold spot; Spatial ecology; Hot spot (computer programming); Spatial analysis; Spots; Ecology; Estimator; Common spatial pattern; Geography; Cartography; Statistics; Physical geography; Remote sensing; Biology; Mathematics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02979604630033603,"gpt":0.195654194914632,"spread":0.165858148614296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002245812,0.0001122366,0.0003258614,0.000769467,0.0001034356,0.00001694243,0.0001692464,0.00009380215,0.001377517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005798294,0.0001308137,0.0001623914,0.0007123674,0.00004191901,0.0001158596,0.00003864897,0.000140458,0.0006083451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001299034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007394701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002912593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003903121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998951,0.00001524528,0.0004065676,0.0003293581,0.00002311795,0.000274719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999501,0.00005223485,0.0001543053,0.0002240013,0.00001093065,0.00005747818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001416169,0.00004645497,0.9973636,0.000004049786,0.00003263505,0.00002848442,0.0001859224,0.00005424673,0.000004567463,0.0004385801,0.0003230427,0.001504305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004155455,0.00004419126,0.9893446,0.000002740376,0.000004287432,0.0000100086,0.00002651739,0.001602287,0.00003581136,0.002113821,0.006218066,0.0001821045],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869803,0.0004964964,0.0006134554,0.00009199141,0.0003107436,0.00007166235,0.00007555496,0.00003139319,0.01132838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989807,0.0002603094,0.0002945501,0.0001710771,0.0001392702,0.0000150485,0.0000438949,0.00001212891,0.00008299358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01200041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169345594","doi":"10.1111/j.2005.0906-7590.04273.x","title":"Scale‐dependence in species‐area relationships","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":214,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Scale (ratio); Context (archaeology); Predictive power; Biodiversity; Biology; Geography; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01630919187277928,"gpt":0.2144061300764047,"spread":0.1980969382036254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002304873,0.0000664469,0.0000711813,0.00008182012,0.0001608552,0.000008018767,0.0001070444,0.00005174821,0.001521009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002935228,0.0000576367,0.00004046817,0.0004011244,0.0001630785,0.0001955255,0.00005741717,0.000162688,0.000887303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004136762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002260334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001817244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0179067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993939,0.00004344853,0.0001353983,0.0001755693,0.00009130482,0.0001604055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997355,0.00008375648,0.00003416136,0.0001094366,0.000003264674,0.00003392604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000232398,0.00004047488,0.9955631,6.503761e-7,0.000002975936,0.000001252767,0.000420058,0.00147953,0.00004715937,0.0003494321,0.0009369159,0.001156152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001199455,0.00001044623,0.9892371,0.000002797904,0.000002672083,0.00000153397,0.0001076103,0.001166962,0.00003535833,0.002452388,0.00678285,0.00008031797],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8782809,0.00004691069,0.0002596714,0.001302087,0.00006413827,0.00008348328,0.000001990977,0.00003063756,0.1199301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955929,0.00004996045,0.002447471,0.0002162508,0.00001748117,0.00001641397,0.000002838748,0.000003773715,0.001652924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1182772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074386631","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06875.x","title":"Common and rare species respond to similar niche processes in macroinvertebrate metacommunities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Niche; Ecology; Ecological niche; Metacommunity; Rare species; Biology; Biological dispersal; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05325246011477853,"gpt":0.2363415329722139,"spread":0.1830890728574354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001561964,0.000122489,0.0001409818,0.0001119588,0.0001113223,0.00003941846,0.0002156145,0.00003959025,0.03022346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002703203,0.0001116419,0.00003523901,0.0007108853,0.0002048905,0.0001871992,0.000215684,0.00009252693,0.0002669112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003420547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003691882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0114759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992653,0.00005797224,0.0001445441,0.000178489,0.0001251053,0.0002285761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996225,0.00003529722,0.00003417483,0.0002055369,0.000008491283,0.0000940195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008548356,0.0001449525,0.9728182,0.00003685286,0.00001382641,0.00001808067,0.01003784,0.000001148319,0.001158029,0.000451993,0.01458887,0.000644746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000218898,0.0000878252,0.9248174,0.00001512385,0.000008238062,0.000003844234,0.01079317,0.000004213347,0.005244154,0.0006840453,0.05793043,0.0001925975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.903649,0.0002301721,0.0000029668,0.0003126728,0.00003789858,0.0001378053,0.00006787906,0.0000367796,0.09552483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981116,0.0003406322,0.0001465123,0.0009092242,0.000005736488,0.00003107198,0.00002021635,0.000009352502,0.0004256678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09509916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9706631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142763255","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04002.x","title":"Can models of presence‐absence be used to scale abundance? Two case studies considering extremes in life history","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":208,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Government of British Columbia; University of Northern British Columbia; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Environment; Sand County Foundation","keywords":"Abundance (ecology); Bracken; Ecology; Relative species abundance; Biology; Fern; Relative abundance distribution","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05430032889106406,"gpt":0.2777203349219189,"spread":0.2234200060308548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000233535,0.0001237965,0.0002321469,0.0001150709,0.00009108447,0.000003583579,0.0001179482,0.00003368043,0.0001227375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007809794,0.0001258366,0.00005908993,0.000267775,0.000514208,0.0002047429,0.0001475995,0.00009204551,0.00001108436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001498856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001648294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006069482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1146496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990093,0.00005240265,0.0002775223,0.0002842872,0.0001366306,0.0002398763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994352,0.0002010566,0.00008758665,0.0001749397,0.0000176465,0.00008360759],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001671769,0.0001301661,0.8093534,0.00002504501,0.00006062431,0.00008987491,0.03811292,0.1477412,0.000768184,0.0003939068,0.002583559,0.0007244468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006092501,0.0007469734,0.7245289,0.000441591,0.0002068555,0.0003788621,0.0325776,0.1835583,0.003104148,0.03466788,0.0105333,0.003163077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953608,0.001214436,0.0001142364,0.001108008,0.0001514319,0.0001974572,0.000006585206,0.00002490704,0.001822144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953417,0.000124098,0.003801336,0.0005050192,0.00001498899,0.0000551539,5.580367e-7,0.000007393392,0.0001498223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1140427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9015057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168419448","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.05453.x","title":"Movement of outbreak populations of mountain pine beetle: influences of spatiotemporal patterns and climate","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Natural Resources Canada; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Outbreak; Mountain pine beetle; Geography; Ecology; Population; Spatial ecology; Spatiotemporal pattern; Climate change; Physical geography; Biology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01310761071505259,"gpt":0.2294569165005169,"spread":0.2163493057854644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001135524,0.00006444453,0.0001313139,0.00008996978,0.00004898132,0.000001078032,0.00008211617,0.00002969778,0.0003681866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005291576,0.00005970495,0.00004569018,0.0001922953,0.0002879346,0.00008662097,0.0001039999,0.00002863513,0.000003449098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007141371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002342006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001983486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001903681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993767,0.00002030321,0.000263217,0.000112668,0.0001214635,0.0001056918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999653,0.00001218693,0.000177439,0.0001247569,0.000007431978,0.00002521524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001032905,0.0001093844,0.9970064,0.00003330666,0.00001807792,0.000001045419,0.0002696997,0.0005024434,0.0008551077,0.0006276883,0.0001273293,0.0004392204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001936114,0.0001402628,0.9969705,0.00001058628,0.00001288593,6.880599e-7,0.0000543831,0.00009074824,0.00140107,0.00101357,0.00005957388,0.0000521077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986826,0.00002901004,0.00005923762,0.00003175188,0.00004008593,0.0001423788,0.00004114646,0.000006117223,0.0009676596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989037,0.0001217603,0.0008707235,0.00006145851,0.000003371336,0.000008327494,0.00001146766,0.000003280244,0.00001590115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009517585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4031385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115528591","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06462.x","title":"Scale dependency of processes structuring metacommunities of cladocerans in temporary pools of High‐Andes wetlands","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Metacommunity; Wetland; Structuring; Scale (ratio); Dependency (UML); Ecological succession; Environmental science; Geography; Biology; Biological dispersal","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005723353707148391,"gpt":0.2025650453381679,"spread":0.1968416916310196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002209803,0.0001046718,0.0003008956,0.0001416454,0.00002997004,0.00000536622,0.000282264,0.00007158028,0.0005464323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001722793,0.00008161248,0.00007046611,0.0004183391,0.000195703,0.000185487,0.00007286523,0.0001539385,0.000001421153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004390437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001727459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003155343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02538282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990954,0.00003736266,0.0004245043,0.0001192683,0.0001972711,0.0001261581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993334,0.0001016048,0.000251341,0.0002617116,0.0000185698,0.00003333945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001376133,0.00007079643,0.989715,0.0003052422,0.00001906345,5.840391e-7,0.0007371952,0.0002582817,0.007755883,0.0001193526,0.000007601817,0.0009971999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003486096,0.00008687974,0.9500914,0.0001005362,0.00001741147,0.000003665654,0.0005531079,0.0001509002,0.04272237,0.005751578,0.00003917517,0.0001344142],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950557,0.00005749633,0.00004564607,0.000009798932,0.00006745366,0.0001337449,0.00007171033,0.000007972065,0.004550469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982452,0.00004347087,0.001653748,0.000003904772,0.000008303209,0.000006650753,0.00001176195,0.000008846076,0.0000180986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03962369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143580030","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05832.x","title":"Predicting the future of species diversity: macroecological theory, climate change, and direct tests of alternative forecasting methods","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Species richness; Macroecology; Climate change; Ecology; Diversity (politics); Regression; Global change; Species diversity; Autocorrelation; Spatial analysis; Econometrics; Geography; Statistics; Biology; Mathematics; Remote sensing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05541241793683025,"gpt":0.2866975554893947,"spread":0.2312851375525645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006211984,0.00009673976,0.0001580409,0.00003718958,0.0002376064,0.00001140889,0.0001799783,0.00004220856,0.002424198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004660119,0.00006349663,0.00009071833,0.0003087461,0.0003344475,0.00009368688,0.0003612023,0.00007925359,0.000002707387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000252465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.693253e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002412325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008559411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992121,0.0001287244,0.0001439927,0.0001674606,0.0001532139,0.0001945469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994612,0.0002103873,0.0001625736,0.0001114811,0.00001306032,0.00004126232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004153016,0.00008037734,0.9394999,0.00001211822,0.0000231772,0.000002797834,0.002384364,0.000002487428,0.001227779,0.003633809,0.0002027484,0.05288893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001449367,0.0001637495,0.9913339,0.00001186669,0.00002646909,0.000003714414,0.003673674,0.00007910616,0.001332094,0.002118525,0.001040238,0.00007171201],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.956408,0.0003950472,0.00003667178,0.0003154704,0.0001244923,0.0001772797,0.0001060527,0.00002233959,0.04241468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985802,0.000624813,0.0005515738,0.0001582166,0.00005922404,0.000005017976,0.000005481875,0.000002882883,0.00001258658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05281721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174118903","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01694","title":"Influence of tree shape and evolutionary time‐scale on phylogenetic diversity metrics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; European Research Council; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetic diversity; Species richness; Pairwise comparison; Community; Phylogenetics; Ecology; Biology; Community structure; Phylogenetic comparative methods; Similarity (geometry); Evolutionary biology; Assemblage (archaeology); Statistics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02087143732296277,"gpt":0.204894325948877,"spread":0.1840228886259142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001388329,0.00007584046,0.0001246643,0.0002120441,0.0001485928,0.000003733568,0.0001042103,0.00004709378,0.00009075811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004405127,0.00006546141,0.00003962341,0.0004345059,0.0002506373,0.0000622993,0.0000287542,0.00005808964,0.00008356669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001450335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001193652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002895233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002463659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994059,0.00005285753,0.00009744266,0.0001506201,0.0001640785,0.0001291613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995822,0.0001168113,0.00005012647,0.0000885509,0.00006006296,0.0001022954],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002847589,0.00001455121,0.9949587,0.000004252385,0.00002119225,0.000001422559,0.0001949587,0.000670497,0.000003498671,0.000006631996,0.001899993,0.002195835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002130634,0.0002383742,0.9968593,0.000004519075,0.00001723278,0.00000270803,0.00007947098,0.001038486,0.000006738711,0.0006480708,0.0008170482,0.00007497205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810054,0.003547578,0.000001729365,0.00009163475,0.00005559688,0.00005696904,0.00005173012,0.00001847901,0.0151709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993311,0.0001525277,0.0003019577,0.0001289106,0.00001665951,2.755597e-7,0.00000982041,7.627119e-7,0.00005803497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01832566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2669439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008514022","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00299.x","title":"Succession of boreal forest spider assemblages following wildfire and harvesting","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forest Service; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ecological succession; Spider; Ecology; Ordination; Disturbance (geology); Understory; Geography; Vegetation (pathology); Habitat; Taiga; Boreal; Biology; Canopy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01184309077906166,"gpt":0.2040994965300125,"spread":0.1922564057509508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001085162,0.00007971274,0.0001295946,0.00001456067,0.0002986074,0.00001719776,0.00008412497,0.00006504927,0.00006827545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001652799,0.0000308696,0.0001012725,0.0002154915,0.0001014967,0.0001305814,0.00003750694,0.00005344523,0.000006247686],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001748413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001143775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000692877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002150858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994895,0.00002513309,0.0001040305,0.0001566286,0.00007130454,0.00015344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997857,0.000104574,0.00004068734,0.00002254049,0.00000689571,0.00003965843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001038645,0.00003365894,0.9520111,0.000002905222,0.00002150743,0.000004354732,0.00003961621,3.338455e-7,0.0004396361,0.00001319041,0.000533489,0.04688979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008760527,0.0001791228,0.9960377,0.00002007553,0.00001709391,0.000001477076,0.000145457,0.000008812453,0.0001148022,0.0002889816,0.003020499,0.00007841564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950281,0.0003125512,1.054516e-7,0.0004878321,0.00004816418,0.00006045289,0.000006014646,0.00003033198,0.004026406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995052,0.0001258876,0.0001061699,0.00009011918,0.00003324429,0.0000017953,0.00001631322,2.909323e-7,0.0001209533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04681137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2296677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963953710","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01131","title":"Elevational shifts, biotic homogenization and time lags in vegetation change during 40 years of climate warming","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Species richness; Homogenization (climate); Biodiversity; Ecology; Environmental science; Species distribution; Beta diversity; Global warming; Abundance (ecology); Range (aeronautics); Relative species abundance; Physical geography; Geography; Biology; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01014963818432769,"gpt":0.2037163030863179,"spread":0.1935666649019902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001425801,0.00005496321,0.00007253228,0.00009520892,0.00004019369,0.00001158105,0.0000461233,0.00003418358,0.001538293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001735619,0.0000630727,0.00002550761,0.0003760678,0.00006189119,0.000154039,0.00004239168,0.00003144622,0.0001233342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000503166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.180811e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004289541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009148373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994625,0.00002340623,0.0001285002,0.0001343713,0.0001203774,0.0001308693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998166,0.00002046282,0.00006174604,0.00006542927,0.000005316122,0.00003042098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001676141,0.0000678991,0.9754932,0.00005229874,0.000005378888,9.336589e-7,0.0007533442,0.00003202893,0.01398344,0.001217039,0.00002661001,0.008351058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002397822,0.00001738112,0.9977604,0.00001566086,0.000004178155,6.48733e-7,0.00005749663,0.0005798975,0.0006590571,0.0001229104,0.000473824,0.00006876208],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976596,0.00005344049,0.00001647882,0.00006013883,0.00003286583,0.00009475306,0.00001319282,0.00001709581,0.002052444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996301,0.0001400651,0.00008026444,0.00005340759,0.00001602122,0.000008909953,0.00006096418,0.000005710664,0.00000454744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02226719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012968398","doi":"10.1111/ecog.04995","title":"Globally consistent climate sensitivity of natural disturbances across boreal and temperate forest ecosystems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Resolute Forest Products (Canada); Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Northern British Columbia; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","funders":"Council for Research in the Social Sciences, Columbia University; Koneen Säätiö; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Austrian Science Fund; Russian Academy of Sciences; Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biome; Disturbance (geology); Boreal; Temperate climate; Environmental science; Taiga; Ecosystem; Ecology; Climate change; Temperate forest; Temperate rainforest; Biodiversity; Physical geography; Geography; Climatology; Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005586867935547983,"gpt":0.2073368625412228,"spread":0.2017499946056748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005721817,0.000212738,0.0003648861,0.00001870428,0.0001482277,0.00007350719,0.0001472685,0.00006511241,0.00001973116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006455409,0.000180792,0.0001267288,0.0004410189,0.0003033483,0.0002306362,0.0002402068,0.0001230826,0.00005071088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003020619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005475809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001694532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0116661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983211,0.0001862317,0.0003288444,0.0004457182,0.000309943,0.0004082185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928,0.0001214518,0.0001907906,0.0001995762,0.00001944686,0.0001887274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005414684,0.00003238476,0.9912609,0.0001469653,0.00003978366,0.00002354867,0.0004040887,0.0000457999,0.005245605,0.00003781338,0.001168354,0.001540644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004856715,0.0001696837,0.9793544,0.00005327395,0.00001958935,0.00003100994,0.0001734321,0.01599296,0.001154959,0.00001270601,0.002293191,0.0002591184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970325,0.0003488409,0.00001775961,0.0003100222,0.0003084698,0.0003814665,0.000263041,0.00007334138,0.001264594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994876,0.00004499885,0.0001383238,0.000216327,0.00005783457,0.00001262798,0.00002251217,0.00001545956,0.000004341669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01594716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7372486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008051922","doi":"10.1111/ecog.05166","title":"30% land conservation and climate action reduces tropical extinction risk by more than 50%","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; Universidade Federal do Maranhão; Universidad de Extremadura; University of Texas at El Paso; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universidad Pública de Navarra; Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation; University of Prince Edward Island; International Science and Technology Center; Research Institute for Oceanochemistry Foundation; San José State University; Universidad ICESI; Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Global Environment Facility; New Mexico State University; Center for Makroøkologi, Evolution og Klima; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; King Saud University; Villum Fonden; University of Victoria; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; University of Arizona; Centre International de Mathématiques et Informatique de Toulouse; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; National Research Foundation; American Museum of Natural History; Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; European Commission; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Aarhus Universitet; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Extinction (optical mineralogy); Ecology; Geography; Climate change; Agroforestry; Action (physics); Tropical climate; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02425474860682221,"gpt":0.2418485299006195,"spread":0.2175937812937973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004864357,0.00008674525,0.00007828414,0.00001569859,0.0001650627,0.00004455644,0.00004871262,0.00005389354,0.009681945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001660558,0.00008020607,0.00004393277,0.0001853239,0.0001206774,0.0001628321,0.00004279207,0.00008562343,0.0002283897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003304238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001082307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001163797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009905282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993495,0.00003543563,0.0001105825,0.0002230966,0.0001313032,0.0001501101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997389,0.0000153932,0.00007356275,0.0000620965,0.000004574314,0.000105452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003513453,0.00003019869,0.9722462,0.000006529713,0.000006763738,4.463483e-7,0.0001474035,0.000001426297,0.005318592,0.00001315921,0.02029157,0.001902549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002527751,0.00006576304,0.898939,0.000001866008,0.00001320699,0.000001426881,0.00069984,0.0002291495,0.001273197,0.00001597651,0.09841688,0.00009094644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947864,0.00008467366,0.00006325146,0.002422706,0.0001012701,0.0000972495,0.0001332553,0.00007462617,0.002236519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981803,0.0009786522,0.00002946482,0.0006157124,0.00004215174,0.0000124452,0.0001164719,0.000006439543,0.00001840589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07812531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9912233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998472134","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06847.x","title":"Climate change could alter the distribution of mountain pine beetle outbreaks in western Canada","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; Genome Alberta; Genome British Columbia; Genome Canada","keywords":"Outbreak; Mountain pine beetle; Dendroctonus; Climate change; Ecology; Population; Geography; Curculionidae; PEST analysis; Spatial ecology; Physical geography; Bark beetle; Biology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01415512886342271,"gpt":0.2044525144472601,"spread":0.1902973855838374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001906715,0.00006812521,0.00007641407,0.00002229086,0.00005153632,0.000002668039,0.0001587407,0.00003050924,0.0005515033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003031884,0.00005063531,0.0000290456,0.0002044274,0.0001170843,0.00007141023,0.0001123786,0.00006665356,0.00002985145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004963685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003722046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3690709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8629545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994183,0.00003201923,0.0001316856,0.0001214801,0.00009426937,0.0002022365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997448,0.00001142854,0.00005667071,0.0001585639,0.000002687929,0.00002583933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001736744,0.00006863515,0.9958768,0.000007279907,0.000007572248,0.000007460658,0.0003864786,0.00001579099,0.00002676012,0.0004976054,0.001945746,0.001142491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001358067,0.00004430473,0.9944555,0.000005437068,0.000007056166,7.859997e-7,0.0000601839,0.00004835457,0.0001601192,0.0003219735,0.004701122,0.00005933729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951309,0.00002416267,0.00002018722,0.0001709246,0.0001406031,0.0002179859,0.00004294948,0.000007304828,0.004244957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992859,0.00003851696,0.00001611717,0.0005366179,0.000010891,0.00005514096,0.00002172042,0.000003926412,0.00003120702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4938836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6351305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974831314","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00836","title":"Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Niche; Ecology; Competition (biology); Ecological niche; Range (aeronautics); Population; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Forest dynamics; Geography; Vital rates; Biology; Population growth; Demography; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004896297103502689,"gpt":0.2148435706876648,"spread":0.2099472735841621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000255465,0.00006250948,0.00009640167,0.0000437888,0.00008471161,0.000003576272,0.00009462603,0.00003749772,0.0001414555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007846859,0.00004309146,0.00004829523,0.000262566,0.0001101133,0.00007522307,0.00007035367,0.00005143097,0.00007198238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002598755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.151968e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001137942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00375625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994162,0.0000465894,0.0001580004,0.0001858986,0.00008066457,0.00011265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.00005791407,0.00006957381,0.0001502377,0.000008893277,0.00003631083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004795492,0.00003173708,0.9930656,0.000007326365,0.000005455519,4.350513e-8,0.0001393301,0.001315704,0.00002291876,0.001906089,0.00008627912,0.003414715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005755448,0.00004911928,0.9619708,0.000004176336,0.000005953547,1.093723e-7,0.00001093325,0.003925237,0.00001967593,0.03370096,0.0001895202,0.00006594431],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926857,0.000002433239,0.002287646,0.0003433946,0.0001925724,0.0001482545,0.00001269638,0.00002437602,0.00430289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974425,0.000003086351,0.002385197,0.00007798946,0.00000526,0.00001505156,0.00001226535,0.000002154484,0.00005651054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03179487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2096076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2462372215","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02302","title":"Linking trait variation to the environment: critical issues with community‐weighted mean correlation resolved by the fourth‐corner approach","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Trait; Variation (astronomy); Correlation; Ecology; Centroid; Statistics; Niche; Computer science; Mathematics; Econometrics; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02180890531796603,"gpt":0.2250255965370254,"spread":0.2032166912190593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005242543,0.0001366717,0.00009109287,0.00002715965,0.0006899219,0.00007223123,0.0003521741,0.00006251813,0.006245194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002127291,0.00006309917,0.00006382716,0.0003085028,0.0003399806,0.0001602848,0.0001071545,0.0001842729,0.0004455259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001050419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001824138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001904172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002118255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987528,0.0002743484,0.0001574583,0.0002102562,0.0003484709,0.0002567118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999227,0.0002091705,0.00005412782,0.0004204918,0.000008554092,0.00008067744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008890916,0.004580006,0.404413,0.00008622285,0.0005361906,0.000007882431,0.08575556,0.0009454562,0.04568919,0.06872509,0.2368204,0.1515519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001006018,0.000360365,0.6305445,0.00004804196,0.0001084052,0.000008946139,0.005490841,0.001043244,0.0007156449,0.001898234,0.3582655,0.0005101552],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7014048,0.0002061048,0.2157606,0.02798646,0.0002711192,0.001326106,0.0004146874,0.0002160649,0.05241412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982141,0.00003008664,0.0004948825,0.0007411263,0.00003696963,0.00007617362,0.0001171977,0.00001446335,0.0002749603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2968094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102402730","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01128","title":"Greater consumption of protein‐poor anthropogenic food by urban relative to rural coyotes increases diet breadth and potential for human–wildlife conflict","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Calgary; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Alberta Conservation Association","keywords":"Wildlife; Generalist and specialist species; Geography; Human–wildlife conflict; Ecology; Canis; Biology; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02004374807370429,"gpt":0.2423492339989278,"spread":0.2223054859252235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001862803,0.0001418202,0.0001810232,0.00007196607,0.0001697104,0.00001751398,0.00009771107,0.00009912461,0.0001740643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004506989,0.000133022,0.00007496776,0.0001402624,0.00042777,0.0002576389,0.00007461286,0.00006288468,0.00002912244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002329385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000866985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003326552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001310303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991015,0.00007852344,0.0002242691,0.0002497169,0.0001389505,0.0002070554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995288,0.00004237355,0.0001257155,0.0001276811,0.00002856574,0.0001468386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003523197,0.000104963,0.9828098,0.00001230316,0.00007349814,5.654671e-7,0.0004027269,0.000008654089,0.002727639,0.000143404,0.01317919,0.0001848735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001498071,0.00245965,0.9903451,0.00002627754,0.00007133343,0.000004436669,0.0001977839,0.00004475032,0.002234394,0.0009976859,0.001890373,0.0002301589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979175,0.0001087565,0.0003059864,0.0004876,0.00005593914,0.0008588369,0.0001509146,0.00003206658,0.00008245181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986698,0.000006685127,0.0005298497,0.0004329285,0.00002696132,0.0001456391,0.0000717684,0.00001209664,0.0001042844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01128882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.542448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096315107","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00740","title":"A species‐centered approach for uncovering generalities in organism responses to habitat loss and fragmentation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Carleton University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Fragmentation (computing); Ecology; Habitat; Habitat fragmentation; Habitat destruction; Species distribution; Landscape connectivity; Biology; Geography; Biological dispersal; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01275122818092249,"gpt":0.2264487478042722,"spread":0.2136975196233497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002075424,0.00007528829,0.00009441456,0.00008677541,0.0001178265,0.00001864902,0.00005592741,0.00002980625,0.00003062811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004318314,0.00007465448,0.0000264012,0.0001556216,0.0000967186,0.00009363686,0.00006215297,0.00003320489,0.000008375018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002931884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001673661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000358057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001113255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999436,0.00004501058,0.0001167983,0.0001964989,0.00005744751,0.0001482493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999764,0.00009954529,0.0000293692,0.00006889839,0.000004805451,0.00003339658],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004489907,0.0000304131,0.9944733,0.00001264882,0.000009420826,2.803748e-7,0.00166627,0.001380398,0.000975977,0.0008846669,0.0002833758,0.0002383755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004086788,0.00009297734,0.9929119,0.000003899646,0.00000500543,0.000001025406,0.0005211892,0.001559231,0.0002148892,0.003276955,0.0008988153,0.0001054126],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840239,0.00001930666,0.01360295,0.000276323,0.00006725684,0.0002295758,0.000009633236,0.00001534766,0.001755762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818135,0.00001828819,0.01727668,0.0004131136,0.00001721739,0.00007569632,0.00001009225,0.000006627165,0.0003688098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003673724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3044321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073109555","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06455.x","title":"Multiple successional pathways of boreal forest stands in central Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Ecology; Taiga; Boreal; Ecological succession; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003229215344853672,"gpt":0.1700649387682994,"spread":0.1668357234234457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001679813,0.0001014642,0.0001353174,0.0000560833,0.00003803351,0.000007666326,0.0002140554,0.00005598162,0.0003802306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003835826,0.00008969232,0.00005290302,0.0003289611,0.00008614072,0.0001080318,0.00005942866,0.0001694974,0.000006333462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005771475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005182119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7654163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9928951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989433,0.00002852287,0.0002067589,0.0001960957,0.0003079237,0.0003173807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995082,0.00009513132,0.00007441728,0.0001927674,0.000004709604,0.0001247932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001210595,0.0000540539,0.9925541,0.00000902567,0.000003301304,0.00001142686,0.00005995076,0.0000769572,0.003106297,0.00003241064,0.001941778,0.002138552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003521995,0.00002847423,0.9899728,0.00001066196,0.000001596447,0.000001925649,0.00001886091,0.004304428,0.002035282,0.00007017083,0.003099705,0.0001038651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942241,0.000008923358,0.00001247986,0.00003714582,0.0005199589,0.0001537346,0.0000773969,0.0000122967,0.00495402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99954,0.000001435812,0.0003484143,0.00003233957,0.00002586452,0.00001280644,0.00002023282,0.000009664887,0.000009207536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2274788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4163259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116954734","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06517.x","title":"Foraging strategies by omnivores: are black bears actively searching for ungulate neonates or are they simply opportunistic predators?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère des Transports; Russian Science Foundation; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Ungulate; Predation; Foraging; Omnivore; Vegetation (pathology); Ecology; Geography; Habitat; Forage; Carnivore; Optimal foraging theory; Selection (genetic algorithm); Abundance (ecology); Resource (disambiguation); Biology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01564868653952694,"gpt":0.2522074816419228,"spread":0.2365587951023959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003107316,0.0001853025,0.0001701224,0.00008167467,0.0003962683,0.0001189244,0.0002972137,0.0001277076,0.0004630663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000095943,0.0001593404,0.0001039215,0.0002020274,0.0003186093,0.0005985551,0.00008691925,0.0002778598,0.00004417012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002204241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003430904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001971598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003309145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988042,0.00005035736,0.0001981273,0.0003864965,0.0001618101,0.0003990413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991468,0.0002750628,0.0002031774,0.0002286335,0.0000198358,0.0001265246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001331331,0.00009723561,0.9819437,0.00003519515,0.00007027155,0.00001050684,0.000879958,0.00030062,0.002497878,0.0006197145,0.01089942,0.002512377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004087128,0.0001092663,0.9746791,0.00002358332,0.00003407096,0.000004231005,0.002722582,0.00224431,0.0002157487,0.01261149,0.00666125,0.0002857299],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963884,0.000005723548,0.0008543283,0.001050496,0.0001687818,0.0004382478,0.0001370352,0.00008908569,0.0008678634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980984,0.0000134593,0.0009097175,0.000532541,0.00004881628,0.00006911687,0.00005874826,0.00002470483,0.0002445384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01199177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6497715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018444068","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00275.x","title":"Effect of energy availability, seasonality, and geographic range on brown bear life history","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Seasonality; Productivity; Population; Intraspecific competition; Range (aeronautics); Biology; Life history theory; Geography; Population density; Demography; Life history","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006505179053733735,"gpt":0.1875806168096708,"spread":0.181075437755937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046527,0.0001222858,0.0001674451,0.00005369099,0.00007223475,0.000004480205,0.0001204103,0.00009778137,0.009952465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002876691,0.0001123364,0.0001150656,0.0002070977,0.0004922986,0.0001044775,0.00003704911,0.00008892523,0.0001125015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002972242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006866815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004183896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002142614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989761,0.0002391987,0.0001582501,0.0002847085,0.0001732626,0.0001684515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994269,0.0001893922,0.00005557769,0.0002200895,0.000004227551,0.0001038118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001312907,0.00007422299,0.9818082,0.00001423116,0.00001658428,0.000001334349,0.00003686037,0.00001158514,0.00002524723,0.00007709533,0.009511756,0.008291608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003874234,0.0004567368,0.9574792,0.000007220126,0.00002402715,0.000001340461,0.000001238102,0.00003894758,0.00004984971,0.0003110942,0.04113859,0.0001043606],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817997,0.0003913312,0.000002072797,0.0002980747,0.00008229545,0.0001070118,0.000005087219,0.00003221803,0.01728226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979481,0.0001244311,0.00002441215,0.001346628,0.00002463715,0.00002454873,0.000006232057,0.000007654731,0.0004933468],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03162683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9909526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072816723","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05626.x","title":"The attraction of the known: the importance of spatial familiarity in habitat selection in wapiti <i>Cervus elaphus</i>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Predation; Habitat; Ecology; Forage; Geography; Selection (genetic algorithm); Herbivore; Cervus elaphus; Wildlife; Spatial ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005305588341187983,"gpt":0.2032009479576438,"spread":0.1978953596164558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005584721,0.00006794489,0.00008386194,0.00003277152,0.0001407184,0.000005408226,0.000197784,0.00006840389,0.00003998029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004988964,0.00003922994,0.00007619677,0.0007218883,0.0002274552,0.0001251597,0.00002572931,0.0002064575,0.00000424943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000376084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001177231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009378094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07395513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991668,0.0001488076,0.0002708659,0.0001335252,0.0001401374,0.0001397895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995198,0.0001290659,0.0001733448,0.000158068,0.000008797143,0.00001089157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003054954,0.00007829296,0.9946368,0.000001331784,0.000003028939,1.754646e-7,0.0001379263,0.0003248692,0.0007892248,0.0001429332,0.0005553766,0.003299475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001651603,0.00005854818,0.9935284,0.000006887487,0.000005034633,0.000001242288,0.00006266087,0.0004754571,0.0007085281,0.004409272,0.0005361613,0.00004269665],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950185,0.00005896818,0.0000224128,0.00281593,0.0001403496,0.00023182,0.000001615201,0.00000603651,0.001704386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993985,0.0000625791,0.00002448038,0.0004553266,0.00001681475,0.00001438701,9.189945e-7,0.000002390236,0.00002457409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07301732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9429428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134156771","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01789","title":"Contrasting patterns of lichen functional diversity and species richness across an elevation gradient","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Species richness; Ecology; Climate change; Lichen; Elevation (ballistics); Temperate forest; Range (aeronautics); Biodiversity; Environmental change; Temperate rainforest; Global change; Temperate climate; Biology; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06669967288002647,"gpt":0.2215531176123842,"spread":0.1548534447323577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002060127,0.00005983058,0.00009566338,0.00001100125,0.0002663298,0.00001550087,0.00007150654,0.00004725671,0.00006093878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002407488,0.00002605652,0.00003731711,0.0001487016,0.0000558672,0.000129063,0.0001456374,0.00004651414,0.000001516331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006248592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001757537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001765132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006191527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994915,0.00003437532,0.00009662237,0.0001409727,0.0001000431,0.0001365414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.00006451555,0.00006355949,0.000022686,0.00008479529,0.00008731896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002084664,0.00005501433,0.9934297,0.000002491312,0.00001105337,5.405404e-7,0.0007161422,0.000001091909,0.00339959,0.0002806322,0.00005223252,0.002030703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001557765,0.0002233609,0.9966103,0.000002363755,0.000006407041,0.000001699358,0.001612382,0.00002741228,0.0002513522,0.0004069926,0.0006374145,0.0000645711],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993206,0.00003641051,0.00002038101,0.000135041,0.0001453138,0.00006144769,0.00005571677,0.00002252326,0.0002026173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996736,0.000007354291,0.00001786022,0.00008666502,0.0001307143,0.00000237137,0.00004649189,2.98674e-7,0.00003465881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003180605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.204842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}