{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":597,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":597,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"7cfdf9ac70a3","filters":{"venue":"Ecological Applications"}},"results":[{"id":"W2161586297","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1251:roteka]2.0.co;2","title":"REDISCOVERY OF TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AS ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3807,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Traditional knowledge; Environmental resource management; Adaptive management; Ecosystem management; Indigenous; Ecology; Resource management (computing); Ecological systems theory; Resource (disambiguation); Natural resource management; Psychological resilience; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem; Natural resource; Computer science; Psychology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0250519740738826,"gpt":0.2148484227979503,"spread":0.1897964487240677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001744605,0.0001092598,0.0001275681,0.00002967738,0.0002720726,0.00001243676,0.0003173981,0.00007762179,0.04497942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000696088,0.00008946665,0.00008978768,0.0003021141,0.000361988,0.00006221764,0.0001998499,0.00008426904,0.004367947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001347054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006489597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001943297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002562611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990126,0.00005729627,0.0002143017,0.0003377809,0.0001915895,0.0001864539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995211,0.000128259,0.00005812584,0.0001972823,0.000009203521,0.00008597531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002777331,0.02524657,0.3136091,0.00008480195,0.0004001964,0.00005905638,0.001091013,0.008905206,0.0004745423,0.1417708,0.08848374,0.4195972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002028773,0.00012143,0.7707785,0.000001854802,0.00002817971,0.000001758632,0.0001375409,0.0002173063,0.00001649297,0.01174597,0.2166433,0.0001047993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4379015,0.00001265098,0.0005497058,0.0006541972,0.00002052818,0.0006067048,0.00002437695,0.00004904237,0.5601813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858598,0.00009632801,0.00204404,0.0004292221,0.00004648264,0.0003389975,0.00004408737,0.000003785207,0.01113731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.549044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119202692","doi":"10.1890/07-2153.1","title":"Sample selection bias and presence‐only distribution models: implications for background and pseudo‐absence data","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2939,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Bird Studies Canada","keywords":"Sampling bias; Selection bias; Statistics; Sampling (signal processing); Sample size determination; Sample (material); Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Data collection; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1813883551869899,"gpt":0.3357217295366903,"spread":0.1543333743497004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002088251,0.0001122714,0.0001107818,0.00001123671,0.0005318873,0.00008548182,0.000256627,0.00008981828,0.001021348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001108463,0.0001000232,0.00002102839,0.0002665691,0.0002023328,0.0003216612,0.0001947861,0.00007541603,0.00004383624],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001593533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001023008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005284206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002383213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989477,0.00002364296,0.0001876441,0.0005192194,0.00008473131,0.0002370423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991428,0.0002932034,0.00007677393,0.0003306798,0.00002504886,0.0001315136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003646753,0.0009633328,0.05699117,0.00001671287,0.00001486093,1.4146e-7,0.00006265007,0.0001541279,0.004762157,0.7998382,0.06031305,0.07684708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002157239,0.0001143775,0.8269463,0.000001518745,0.0000197547,0.00001551295,0.0001440009,0.01304072,0.00002493372,0.07488169,0.08442749,0.0001680232],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3566337,0.0001167632,0.6170726,0.0158351,0.00002805209,0.002079066,0.00499159,0.000216857,0.003026276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920208,0.0002937655,0.004199188,0.0003915194,0.00003622169,0.0004609222,0.002500723,0.000004534154,0.00009235915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7699551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007900882","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2035:birfup]2.0.co;2","title":"BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY AND MANAGEMENT","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":954,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Incentive; Damages; Business; Government (linguistics); Invasive species; Harm; Introduced species; Ecology; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Natural resource economics; Public economics; Biology; Economics; Geography; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06721188431799657,"gpt":0.260994897720977,"spread":0.1937830134029804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000204425,0.0001681081,0.0002068078,0.00002412909,0.0005569251,0.00006905945,0.0002738193,0.0001786565,0.0003211812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001164499,0.00006235507,0.0001117628,0.0003663101,0.0002361168,0.00005552879,0.0001667928,0.00009452417,0.0000655977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005491174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005387015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005058011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002508789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987233,0.00005733821,0.0003198232,0.0004659352,0.00007833794,0.0003553019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985782,0.001058402,0.0001024949,0.0000778614,0.00008027742,0.0001027957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001865125,0.0003876952,0.002275648,0.000005630808,0.00001469917,7.777564e-7,0.000001485821,0.000001511038,0.01409455,0.8618681,0.008279069,0.1130521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001620405,0.0001803195,0.2770865,0.000002564347,0.000008263934,0.000003202136,0.00003277403,0.00000781535,0.0001082134,0.1293049,0.5929597,0.0001436673],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5673724,0.001543596,0.005974879,0.3460062,0.0001811156,0.01159602,0.001348756,0.001402876,0.06457417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782171,0.0007048763,0.01155155,0.002863906,0.0007899473,0.004254855,0.000588503,0.000001505428,0.001027737],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7325633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4283474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021685470","doi":"10.1890/06-0546.1","title":"QUANTIFYING THE SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS TO CLIMATE-INDUCED HABITAT CHANGE","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":755,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Arctic; Ecology; Climate change; Habitat; Sea ice; Ursus maritimus; Population; Range (aeronautics); Species distribution; Marine mammal; Vital rates; Environmental change; Biology; Geography; Population growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1733958950373448,"gpt":0.3512630099185598,"spread":0.177867114881215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000613104,0.0003454841,0.001103188,0.00003363501,0.0004026355,0.00001508439,0.0005049618,0.0001793291,0.001417463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001979783,0.0002098351,0.0003591304,0.0007871562,0.0002002889,0.0000469439,0.002676544,0.0003324911,0.003003182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002750881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001278241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009248712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007019004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977643,0.0003268804,0.0005959163,0.00060203,0.0002732614,0.0004375537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978295,0.001027444,0.0003634807,0.0006326845,0.00002231042,0.0001245894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001931554,0.0002317554,0.004778366,0.001093411,0.00003532834,0.00000759607,0.00002220785,0.000001173475,0.000003139722,0.0007801533,0.0004778535,0.9925671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000294313,0.00007111959,0.1184915,0.0001550022,0.0001165709,0.00003761541,0.000007009809,0.000005333644,6.025047e-7,0.00005391892,0.8808054,0.0002265333],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00311602,0.9503841,0.0001859059,0.001735342,0.0001646135,0.01747064,0.0002067349,0.0002458348,0.02649083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005469355,0.9884536,0.0008790967,0.0004274164,0.0001057589,0.004557591,0.00003211314,0.00002479329,0.00005031591],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9923406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248267007","doi":"10.2307/2641280","title":"Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":654,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Traditional knowledge; Environmental resource management; Adaptive management; Indigenous; Ecosystem management; Ecology; Resource management (computing); Resource (disambiguation); Ecological systems theory; Natural resource management; Psychological resilience; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem; Natural resource; Computer science; Psychology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0250519740738826,"gpt":0.2148484227979503,"spread":0.1897964487240677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001744605,0.0001092598,0.0001275681,0.00002967738,0.0002720726,0.00001243676,0.0003173981,0.00007762179,0.04497942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000696088,0.00008946665,0.00008978768,0.0003021141,0.000361988,0.00006221764,0.0001998499,0.00008426904,0.004367947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001347054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006489597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001943297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002562611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990126,0.00005729627,0.0002143017,0.0003377809,0.0001915895,0.0001864539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995211,0.000128259,0.00005812584,0.0001972823,0.000009203521,0.00008597531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002777331,0.02524657,0.3136091,0.00008480195,0.0004001964,0.00005905638,0.001091013,0.008905206,0.0004745423,0.1417708,0.08848374,0.4195972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002028773,0.00012143,0.7707785,0.000001854802,0.00002817971,0.000001758632,0.0001375409,0.0002173063,0.00001649297,0.01174597,0.2166433,0.0001047993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4379015,0.00001265098,0.0005497058,0.0006541972,0.00002052818,0.0006067048,0.00002437695,0.00004904237,0.5601813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858598,0.00009632801,0.00204404,0.0004292221,0.00004648264,0.0003389975,0.00004408737,0.000003785207,0.01113731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.549044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991566779","doi":"10.1002/eap.2044","title":"What is known and unknown about the effects of plastic pollution: A meta‐analysis and systematic review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":649,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Microplastics; Plastic pollution; Meta-analysis; Pollution; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02616249341528218,"gpt":0.2836939575893148,"spread":0.2575314641740327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004178952,0.0003108005,0.002483214,0.00006127135,0.0001730541,0.00006232385,0.0003014633,0.000191897,0.000818499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002310173,0.000155656,0.0007309759,0.0008240961,0.0003066733,0.00006731351,0.0002773893,0.0002033423,0.000321688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005810185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002119543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009209852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001861723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981396,0.0002873192,0.0006835776,0.0004877877,0.000202283,0.000199419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954588,0.003341624,0.0005902157,0.0004969497,0.00001329836,0.00009909564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[9.259043e-7,0.0001524494,0.000005153596,0.9609823,0.02009593,0.000001053344,0.00003101953,0.000007617918,0.000001913623,0.002764478,0.0007146053,0.01524255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006754402,0.00008615876,0.0002566764,0.02731035,0.6086165,0.00002249206,0.000004112689,0.00009288009,4.556205e-7,0.0002202368,0.3629893,0.00033331],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002849014,0.9941072,0.00187314,0.0001017956,0.00006357548,0.003645559,0.00008238686,0.00001277057,0.000110739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002541488,0.9969226,0.00009226587,0.0002440523,0.00001459694,0.001974172,0.00002618977,0.000009488906,0.0004624704],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.933672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8961989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968121043","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0346:eohfot]2.0.co;2","title":"EFFECT OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON THE EXTINCTION THRESHOLD: A SYNTHESIS<sup>*</sup>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":635,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Habitat fragmentation; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Fragmentation (computing); Habitat destruction; Extinction debt; Habitat; Ecology; Population; Local extinction; Population size; Environmental science; Biological dispersal; Biology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01381860656140041,"gpt":0.2259038430068273,"spread":0.2120852364454269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004248814,0.0001055548,0.0001193366,0.00002071045,0.0003478462,0.00001082981,0.0002062285,0.0001077513,0.01274032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001768917,0.00006633558,0.00006367844,0.0002549082,0.0002434765,0.00007720177,0.00005538848,0.0001354961,0.003289722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007964103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001791403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004069293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001273354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999068,0.000177289,0.0002034234,0.0002450661,0.0001537555,0.0001524232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980746,0.001521706,0.0001039427,0.0002539363,0.000007525387,0.00003831061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008622183,0.001181665,0.9001514,0.0000177766,0.00003546298,0.000001570554,0.0002653986,0.01288553,0.001178829,0.009071521,0.02702437,0.04810028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002861344,0.0007101341,0.9669911,0.000006166403,0.00005752908,0.000003498998,0.00007112735,0.01965325,0.001857388,0.003679148,0.006517201,0.0001673834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729326,0.000007282674,0.0004771915,0.003615316,0.00001900528,0.0008153021,0.000003720835,0.00004970464,0.0220799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963908,0.00001177004,0.0001389741,0.0008674026,0.00003491064,0.002181439,0.000005679552,0.000005488999,0.0003635577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06683967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974864,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140908929","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0001:cbuohd]2.0.co;2","title":"COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY: USE OF HUMAN-DOMINATED HABITATS BY THE AVIFAUNA OF SOUTHERN COSTA RICA","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":446,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Deforestation (computer science); Habitat; Ecology; Biodiversity; Geography; Species richness; Fauna; Biogeography; Habitat fragmentation; Forestry; Agroforestry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03233194523281656,"gpt":0.26141162537452,"spread":0.2290796801417034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001171747,0.00008570046,0.0001282408,0.00001423236,0.0001849952,0.00001323401,0.0002702904,0.00006650604,0.02766861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003099647,0.00005678647,0.00007578012,0.0004892135,0.0006425104,0.00003816891,0.0001065248,0.00007298313,0.0006117187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006166908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002616234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003407973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002765062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992058,0.00003934923,0.0002381186,0.000182356,0.0001654033,0.0001689184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993355,0.0001605386,0.0001499963,0.0002724662,0.00002603469,0.00005547757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003851495,0.002419028,0.7762315,0.000008612473,0.00004263128,0.000001462461,0.000177967,0.00003178749,0.1182698,0.00921338,0.09107581,0.002489478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002497495,0.00008980582,0.817631,0.000001825712,0.0000267513,0.000002469839,0.0006208175,0.00003035949,0.002366405,0.001387582,0.1774771,0.0001161198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990155,0.0000371153,0.000266971,0.00088438,0.000008777884,0.0004444171,0.0008315439,0.00003194344,0.007339785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989843,0.00004310422,0.00005001367,0.0002298816,0.000005050432,0.0002031102,0.0001906275,0.000004614689,0.0002892487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1159034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9732202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153297504","doi":"10.1890/09-2409.1","title":"Recent Bayesian stable-isotope mixing models are highly sensitive to variation in discrimination factors","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":428,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"δ15N; δ13C; Stable isotope ratio; Ecology; Trophic level; Hirundo; Isotope analysis; Sterna; Predation; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01600304663345789,"gpt":0.2457956196218729,"spread":0.229792572988415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003829553,0.0001424328,0.0001959537,0.00009195048,0.0002109906,0.00003264938,0.0002615916,0.0001672066,0.001655527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000181928,0.0001247452,0.00004136332,0.0006822312,0.00008146536,0.0002263099,0.0002107257,0.0002738635,0.000456756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003703962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001272709,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001736194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01198511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985492,0.00009579592,0.000315013,0.000506375,0.0001846734,0.0003489361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991747,0.0002120109,0.0001297068,0.0003135696,0.0000329737,0.0001371046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005598962,0.004124281,0.5396015,0.00001418623,0.00006110041,0.00002205796,0.004979688,0.1701428,0.1702359,0.06960645,0.003694878,0.03746122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001202912,0.0000390302,0.9625579,0.000001617394,0.00001626384,0.000001174145,0.0002217917,0.01782247,0.0009728544,0.01046916,0.00758358,0.0001938958],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9050948,0.000001070048,0.07871738,0.003540017,0.00008266601,0.001076743,0.00001584703,0.00006517489,0.01140632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883762,0.00001423834,0.01000093,0.0005932008,0.00003618141,0.0006952242,0.00003875015,0.00001041595,0.000234867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4229563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105553960","doi":"10.1890/08-2257.1","title":"Integrating environmental and genetic effects to predict responses of tree populations to climate","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":412,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia; University of British Columbia","funders":"Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia","keywords":"Reforestation; Climate change; Population; Pinus contorta; Afforestation; Selection (genetic algorithm); Ecology; Population size; Tree breeding; Environmental science; Biology; Computer science; Woody plant; Demography; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01694957430651734,"gpt":0.2622417628208402,"spread":0.2452921885143228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008486812,0.00008558434,0.0001004121,0.00002614205,0.0001732221,0.00001517338,0.00014015,0.00005870434,0.008622133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009198075,0.0000719576,0.00002782646,0.0001516441,0.0001271931,0.00003032954,0.0002349902,0.00008657403,0.0009037943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000748591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002074038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001474861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000572257,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992685,0.00002531851,0.0001732164,0.0002416427,0.0001113222,0.0001799971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994672,0.0001190069,0.00004227387,0.0001888407,0.000003323275,0.0001793829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019385,0.0003069114,0.4368562,0.000005862877,0.000002936009,0.000001105261,0.000119215,0.00001202966,0.5419154,0.005287002,0.001318028,0.01415593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008736278,0.0001244027,0.9850843,0.000001366756,0.000007956992,0.000004323249,0.0001179587,0.00003228489,0.002090349,0.0002704478,0.01209984,0.00007943279],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935101,0.000006634009,0.001021177,0.0006726261,0.00003327082,0.0006961417,0.000149843,0.00003605097,0.003874173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916054,0.00001329071,0.007328346,0.0003159885,0.00001716887,0.000612347,0.00002993702,0.000005214462,0.00007229876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.548228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2349654440","doi":"10.1890/15-1176","title":"Nonnative forest insects and pathogens in the United States: Impacts and policy options","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":397,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; F. M. Kirby Foundation; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","keywords":"Wildlife; Introduced species; Habitat; Ecology; Ecosystem services; Agroforestry; Invasive species; Geography; Ecosystem; Disturbance (geology); Economic impact analysis; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02807641983248568,"gpt":0.3101233566486827,"spread":0.2820469368161971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003646678,0.0002235375,0.0003593182,0.0001541314,0.0002817579,0.00003318338,0.0003086182,0.0002099853,0.0002841233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001010709,0.0001182767,0.00005805643,0.0008008307,0.0005450874,0.00005945444,0.0003692248,0.0002480079,0.0003312824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001979437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000260859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001171355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001376532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987044,0.0002263733,0.0002829753,0.0003907749,0.00009102711,0.0003044648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987558,0.0007249161,0.0001448012,0.0002713714,0.000006050754,0.00009705787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009109589,0.001367244,0.003128828,0.001457261,0.0001367628,0.00004987129,0.00120331,0.0001571686,0.000001849264,0.2727793,0.005488487,0.7142208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001090763,0.00008713548,0.06026911,0.0001125407,0.00005283518,0.00002473229,0.00004319476,0.00002106593,1.113334e-8,0.01360273,0.9255238,0.0001537285],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009534871,0.9593496,0.001156512,0.003643309,0.00006303506,0.01113374,0.0005198484,0.0001514042,0.01444769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003991813,0.9915494,0.0001721744,0.0007536084,0.0000381516,0.003177949,0.0001474817,0.00001087316,0.0001585798],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9200354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4823185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2603616566","doi":"10.1002/eap.1533","title":"Acoustic telemetry and fisheries management","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Windsor; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Fisheries management; Telemetry; Fisheries science; Fish stock; Environmental resource management; Stock assessment; Process (computing); Work (physics); Fishery; Computer science; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Ecology; Business; Engineering; Environmental science; Fishing; Telecommunications; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01199576900808603,"gpt":0.2337971179895796,"spread":0.2218013489814936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009366248,0.0000692289,0.00007785045,0.000009285599,0.001206945,0.00004279389,0.0002583016,0.00003981564,0.002421994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000258956,0.00005684641,0.00001516261,0.00003203674,0.0004880353,0.00006499401,0.0008469173,0.00005447526,0.0006620744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002446834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.072503e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007191251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004544486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994668,0.000008414628,0.00008256215,0.0002333215,0.00005685761,0.0001520319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995793,0.00003813527,0.00005464772,0.0002868913,0.000002279712,0.00003877339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004430508,0.000210128,0.8725291,0.00001562242,0.00003874022,0.000008415847,0.00002476061,0.000034251,0.00003212809,0.01267257,0.09927521,0.01515462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008871845,0.00002058208,0.8742536,5.145185e-7,0.00001839975,7.40721e-7,0.00004486786,0.00003919503,0.00000347375,0.009915634,0.1155496,0.00006462741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2903671,0.00001156886,0.00328559,0.008586762,0.00005932786,0.0008184705,0.000004698172,0.0001016804,0.6967648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897031,0.0000992893,0.002783846,0.0008930639,0.00001857941,0.0007063044,0.000001772403,0.000003076248,0.005791005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.699336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187547767","doi":"10.1002/eap.2431","title":"Evidence for widespread changes in the structure, composition, and fire regimes of western North American forests","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":383,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Fire ecology; Geography; Forest structure; Composition (language); Fire regime; Biology; Ecosystem; Canopy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02288333767875325,"gpt":0.2733922701502166,"spread":0.2505089324714634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001232365,0.00007176887,0.000136156,0.000009271865,0.00008918231,0.00001684452,0.0001924681,0.00002668429,0.00004462348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008321472,0.00004913649,0.00001935831,0.0003088355,0.0002161909,0.00005301799,0.00008227774,0.00005803896,0.000008633528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003576729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005780285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001136105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01855424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993222,0.00008112289,0.0001344595,0.0002340404,0.0001004875,0.0001276916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998573,0.001062759,0.00009816427,0.0002214591,0.0000128216,0.00003177887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007092691,0.00009279546,0.9844691,0.00002309145,0.00000356786,0.000001319018,0.0001310787,0.00007810107,0.001851827,0.0001792614,0.0003421895,0.01282062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007950966,0.00009882746,0.9967723,0.00001213133,0.000008397219,0.000009737038,0.0000374319,0.0004733154,0.0008664399,0.0004706274,0.001111034,0.00006024336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959733,0.00008772581,0.000555827,0.002437926,0.00001059098,0.0008378297,0.00003610178,0.00001256184,0.00004817436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978564,0.00004053475,0.001109867,0.0003553277,0.00002108135,0.0005694716,0.00002108583,0.00000395858,0.00002223862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01844063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971752749","doi":"10.1890/09-0397.1","title":"Conserving migratory land birds in the New World: Do we know enough?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":379,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Habitat; Ecology; Woodland; Seasonal breeder; Bird migration; Range (aeronautics); Population; Annual cycle; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01084902556552134,"gpt":0.2530155245133216,"spread":0.2421664989478003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002374403,0.00008684284,0.00008962108,0.00002622065,0.0002125405,0.00002158187,0.0004457077,0.0001176136,0.01021204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002585597,0.0000561182,0.00003387925,0.0003869384,0.0002590651,0.00005397898,0.0001177899,0.0003934425,0.002812564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000323039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001746363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002893199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01655134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992592,0.00005083383,0.0001491459,0.0002404907,0.00008486718,0.0002154414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993383,0.0002554214,0.00004411385,0.0002821508,0.000003130514,0.00007685196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002015133,0.0003003829,0.9718243,7.176184e-7,0.000001123389,0.000003913429,0.0001103415,0.000007720425,0.001481449,0.001340647,0.01085484,0.01407254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007997524,0.00001363737,0.6269976,7.24015e-7,0.000004779502,0.000004528924,0.00002876918,0.000003866606,0.00004776513,0.002964055,0.3697996,0.00005471008],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730063,0.00008578247,0.000127948,0.01538506,0.00006715995,0.0005973298,0.000005199951,0.0000584865,0.01066672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944432,0.00003341572,0.001594346,0.00112966,0.00007518639,0.0004624704,0.000003553566,0.000004818053,0.002253395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3589447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054294938","doi":"10.1890/05-1871","title":"LINKING OCCURRENCE AND FITNESS TO PERSISTENCE: HABITAT-BASED APPROACH FOR ENDANGERED GREATER SAGE-GROUSE","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":327,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Habitat; Ecology; Endangered species; Nest (protein structural motif); Critical habitat; Riparian zone; Biological dispersal; Geography; Ecological trap; Population; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02996570042693599,"gpt":0.2516586442075296,"spread":0.2216929437805936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003308429,0.0001036533,0.0001052297,0.00002848746,0.0002709673,0.00003552425,0.0001942956,0.000058104,0.0001389744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001815849,0.00008020212,0.00004333229,0.0001956689,0.0001185426,0.0000407993,0.0001119935,0.00006151725,0.00007507051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006256206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002803433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004748931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002774113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990698,0.00001248732,0.0001470212,0.0003845991,0.0001140653,0.0002720385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995294,0.0001168845,0.00003694652,0.0001717886,0.000007043732,0.0001379249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009142662,0.001092226,0.7723522,0.0001216547,0.00002287508,0.000005433115,0.0006849914,0.004603967,0.001493784,0.0009055756,0.007041407,0.2115844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005844136,0.0002177181,0.8622586,0.000007525512,0.00003401444,0.000002407261,0.0002335629,0.002658901,0.000333377,0.0006113318,0.1327107,0.0003475054],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2567333,0.00002043978,0.7359449,0.001036852,0.0000244094,0.001510802,0.00004925986,0.00007746828,0.004602609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9536234,0.000003162117,0.04365075,0.001344713,0.00004301685,0.001010648,0.00004587334,0.000005077456,0.0002733469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6968901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3270547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124356681","doi":"10.1890/03-5317","title":"SPATIAL RESPONSES OF WOLVES TO ROADS AND TRAILS IN MOUNTAIN VALLEYS","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Parks Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Habitat; Geography; Ecology; Scale (ratio); Physical geography; Cartography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01260533398844063,"gpt":0.2482499782884012,"spread":0.2356446442999605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002332421,0.0000583597,0.00009666742,0.00003148545,0.00006584936,0.00000494043,0.0001133427,0.0000770418,0.001421155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007561254,0.00005213096,0.00001524638,0.000181375,0.0001301908,0.00006059773,0.00008080712,0.00006636773,0.0002363419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005916956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008225576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000989624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002574957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993767,0.00005410765,0.0001854437,0.0001943024,0.00006304639,0.0001263936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995906,0.0002015976,0.0000388312,0.000109112,0.000004476322,0.00005542847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004135878,0.0003086754,0.967562,0.000001441047,0.000002536121,4.942929e-7,0.0001900858,0.0006509138,0.003393421,0.002632527,0.0007718353,0.02444466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001358943,0.00007536619,0.9835189,9.948814e-7,0.00000263222,0.000001200184,0.00003234138,0.0002760262,0.0002490792,0.002180798,0.01346713,0.00005961137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988158,0.000009115799,0.002056584,0.006337522,0.000006187286,0.0003928456,0.000003514724,0.00001792089,0.003018309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935334,0.000008036235,0.004552276,0.001077347,0.00002244672,0.0004093142,0.000002849044,0.000002503212,0.0003918319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02438505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189965527","doi":"10.1002/eap.2433","title":"Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires: 10 common questions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":318,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Native Mental Health Association of Canada","funders":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","keywords":"Climate change; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0458411115021238,"gpt":0.3176753313528373,"spread":0.2718342198507134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002702901,0.0003887996,0.001183949,0.00006191036,0.0003764369,0.00009021541,0.0004718611,0.0001533547,0.0002634694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007796004,0.0003189636,0.0001616399,0.0009738127,0.0002176771,0.00009241383,0.0008699235,0.000320582,0.002797283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000308723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001546147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005418904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02837818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976045,0.0002754997,0.0005454628,0.0008522429,0.0002090854,0.0005131645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980597,0.0006108925,0.0003590471,0.0006152371,0.00001102204,0.0003441311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[6.632401e-7,0.0001407617,0.03065011,0.0004267249,0.0000149024,0.000007915126,0.00002786165,0.000003886785,1.086768e-7,0.00007691096,0.0003726358,0.9682775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003196084,0.0001172015,0.1543834,0.000488576,0.000110981,0.00002743106,0.000006095656,0.00004744679,2.717914e-8,0.000007322651,0.8444619,0.0003177539],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01903582,0.9643165,0.0003864205,0.000794653,0.0001404153,0.01184278,0.0006086938,0.0005627105,0.002312019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009533258,0.9704243,0.001400077,0.0003744152,0.0002396164,0.01751458,0.0003081039,0.00006457262,0.0001410798],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9679598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076037383","doi":"10.1890/11-1785.1","title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle‐caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":318,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bark beetle; Geography; Mountain pine beetle; Habitat; Bark (sound); Ecology; Wildlife; Forest management; Forestry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0242561988120505,"gpt":0.2356351214526042,"spread":0.2113789226405537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004316705,0.00005855323,0.000144037,0.00001156091,0.0001200317,0.00002750154,0.0001757503,0.00006896225,0.001120018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002621777,0.00005887174,0.0000276782,0.0002081033,0.0003797067,0.00008428545,0.0002016968,0.0000972019,0.00004025855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004325428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002617002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02517447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3930482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991868,0.0001161707,0.0002386178,0.0001645274,0.00008918903,0.0002047442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994828,0.0001777019,0.00009066496,0.0001824647,0.000005606986,0.00006080854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003903324,0.0003113721,0.9981001,0.000006325906,0.00000949839,8.351417e-7,0.00009873857,0.00009226914,0.0000171818,0.0002958901,0.0004074531,0.0006564074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005540907,0.0000311501,0.9933742,0.000002285661,0.00001585048,0.000001236163,0.00007467003,0.0002447172,0.000004649439,0.002191294,0.003436766,0.00006906371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981204,0.00001676142,0.0002610153,0.0002254909,0.00002003594,0.0007704619,0.00002958071,0.00002130391,0.0005350092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982283,0.00005950154,0.0001185045,0.0005347939,0.0000117151,0.000587313,0.00007668782,0.000004135441,0.0003790558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3678737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179807004","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2411:damcfa]2.0.co;2","title":"DECONSTRUCTING ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT: CRITERIA FOR APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":299,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Ohio State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptive management; Stakeholder; Environmental resource management; Computer science; Scale (ratio); Management science; Temporal scales; Ecosystem management; Risk analysis (engineering); Business; Ecology; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Geography; Economics; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0691492816429312,"gpt":0.2385145938375123,"spread":0.1693653121945811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002319285,0.0001566763,0.0002106874,0.0001218912,0.0003324061,0.00004700118,0.0002477441,0.00007578627,0.001003379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001698433,0.0001911908,0.0001023213,0.0001288586,0.00006987046,0.0001022827,0.0001311559,0.00005589908,0.002990854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000284752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001493352,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008324405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007060227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985155,0.0000073854,0.000544468,0.000609407,0.00002849848,0.0002947636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993737,0.00004897905,0.0001814504,0.0003089735,0.000003791327,0.00008311625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007434243,0.0003450255,0.01862651,0.00001710086,0.0000455847,3.618517e-7,0.00001522332,0.000450697,0.00003737455,0.9693961,0.001483396,0.009575187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006006077,0.00006458327,0.4327522,0.000002925644,0.00002725682,0.000002571248,0.0002433898,0.0008276463,0.00005226899,0.2906958,0.2743734,0.0003572431],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05950323,0.0002054056,0.8011715,0.0005762551,0.00008942206,0.005101002,0.0006405596,0.0001127871,0.1325998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8724662,0.00003936467,0.1108541,0.0003737608,0.0001521785,0.01329186,0.0002425645,0.00002171594,0.002558231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8129629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160721636","doi":"10.1890/03-5271","title":"WILD BEE ABUNDANCE AND SEED PRODUCTION IN CONVENTIONAL, ORGANIC, AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED CANOLA","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pollination; Biology; Pollinator; Canola; Brassica rapa; Abundance (ecology); Agronomy; Outcrossing; Ecology; Brassica; Pollen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0259007930169443,"gpt":0.2129308198113371,"spread":0.1870300267943928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000891188,0.00007524919,0.000105252,0.000006437819,0.00020805,0.00002523943,0.00006662253,0.000059792,0.00009320668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002746691,0.00003249515,0.00001409762,0.0001440401,0.0001074074,0.00004491179,0.00006041015,0.0000753323,0.00002153636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001632903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003058641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001863926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003762929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993833,0.0000182862,0.000134231,0.0002621839,0.00006016215,0.0001418692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997875,0.00008929276,0.00003259896,0.00001302469,0.00002521079,0.00005234385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003622526,0.0005673766,0.1442128,0.000009740746,0.00001598289,0.000001504236,0.00005475952,0.00001395726,0.7826311,0.01528248,0.0006500231,0.05652402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007953393,0.0000568797,0.9810601,0.000002884108,0.000004316788,0.00000703836,0.00003139934,0.00007632336,0.0004736758,0.002074904,0.01604695,0.0000859416],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903414,0.0004160033,0.00001114972,0.008229011,0.000005483619,0.0003007828,0.00001475446,0.00003813018,0.0006432824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983664,0.0004859835,0.0003266237,0.000223384,0.0001488448,0.0001574532,0.00001154377,4.338143e-7,0.0002792975],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8368474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2099802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153948492","doi":"10.1890/11-0666.1","title":"Movement responses by wolves to industrial linear features and their effect on woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":271,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Woodland caribou; Predation; Ecology; Woodland; Canis; Geography; Range (aeronautics); Population; Abundance (ecology); Habitat; Snow; Animal ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198149141941003,"gpt":0.2269863586248135,"spread":0.2071714444307132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002132777,0.0001154279,0.0001257936,0.00002849043,0.0001267775,0.000009608279,0.0001468252,0.0001429598,0.0005546492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009250912,0.00008096427,0.0000206495,0.0001627972,0.00009898075,0.00004230727,0.0001123257,0.0001599419,0.0002130926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005519062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005803734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007879269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005847707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992015,0.0001090467,0.0001441887,0.0003061827,0.00006000051,0.0001790231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999256,0.000448324,0.00003904762,0.0001622777,0.000003129745,0.00009118192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001694019,0.0002377614,0.9919832,6.862115e-7,0.000005549348,6.379813e-7,0.0002459998,0.00001871636,0.0003260665,0.000208339,0.002348,0.004455585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003173312,0.0005819286,0.9910772,0.000002856451,0.000004009414,9.83511e-7,0.00002975375,0.00002077152,0.0005391983,0.0006912552,0.006635678,0.0000989908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941634,0.000007409011,0.00005846508,0.001598081,0.00002692299,0.0007910882,0.00002009962,0.00001897868,0.003315554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957955,0.000003161889,0.0001152103,0.002157484,0.00002785744,0.0008972679,0.0000186539,0.000004858573,0.0009799456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005059781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.607302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136537904","doi":"10.1890/13-2113.1","title":"Understanding protected area resilience: a multi‐scale, social‐ecological approach","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"National Research Foundation; European Commission; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Ecological resilience; Ecological systems theory; Psychological resilience; Scale (ratio); Functional ecology; Sustainability; Environmental resource management; Resilience (materials science); Ecosystem; Geography; Environmental science; Biology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07979660498674356,"gpt":0.234455959346635,"spread":0.1546593543598915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003781271,0.0001472824,0.0001636717,0.00003708676,0.00117333,0.00005215952,0.0004201717,0.0001679948,0.00165299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005942896,0.000115034,0.00007960831,0.0005072819,0.0005073038,0.00005736052,0.0004399398,0.0001858136,0.0005396192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003595592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006094966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002425283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008907303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985726,0.0001207409,0.0002119654,0.0005176295,0.0002498746,0.0003271553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994405,0.0001098323,0.000102059,0.000221531,0.00001247067,0.0001135912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000389538,0.005559882,0.9603645,0.00004344979,0.00004574162,0.000002971616,0.001045106,0.003406253,0.00222986,0.008557234,0.01259489,0.006111144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003138895,0.00005905129,0.9426978,9.442381e-7,0.00001926557,0.000001251947,0.0005497599,0.01084466,0.000008618536,0.003088146,0.0422288,0.0001878785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3114478,0.000004046577,0.5804808,0.002989127,0.00003046094,0.002187065,0.00001068607,0.0003429855,0.1025071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832012,0.000004337398,0.01381044,0.0006660812,0.00004475723,0.0007102909,0.00002771783,0.000005756528,0.001529379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6717535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006294742","doi":"10.1890/11-0495.1","title":"North American vegetation model for land‐use planning in a changing climate: a solution to large classification problems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":244,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forest Service","funders":"","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Land use; Environmental science; Ecology; Vegetation classification; Climate change; Environmental resource management; Climate model; Land-use planning; Geography; Agroforestry; Physical geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06977185305223947,"gpt":0.2928536974228166,"spread":0.2230818443705772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004719936,0.0001103511,0.0001459858,0.0002524453,0.0002959306,0.00004685913,0.0001238386,0.00004929649,0.00001606037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001014306,0.00009603574,0.00003542592,0.0008048198,0.00003203896,0.0002631738,0.00002176673,0.00009101098,0.000152026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003183007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001886287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005036058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006691042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986628,0.00004842132,0.0002406789,0.0002544383,0.0001086151,0.0006850028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992025,0.0003621193,0.000112457,0.000143422,0.00003589973,0.0001435317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003880251,0.0001123446,0.9416522,0.00002029073,0.0000028548,1.223172e-7,0.0004580017,0.04990529,0.00004642846,0.0006271116,0.00001699516,0.007119529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001099723,0.0000438629,0.6751335,0.000005872472,0.000005780156,8.088434e-7,0.00006022544,0.3235664,0.000002427975,0.00006483866,0.0009167897,0.00008952273],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8743353,0.00004838793,0.1237358,0.000272794,0.00002629991,0.001156792,0.0001542986,0.0001102728,0.0001599937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870461,0.00001868962,0.01147644,0.0002146067,0.00006780055,0.0006768494,0.0004685758,0.000005387133,0.00002551509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3916224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161775125","doi":"10.1890/11-1610.1","title":"Transcending scale dependence in identifying habitat with resource selection functions","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":238,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Weyerhauser (Canada); Parks Canada; University of Calgary; Government of Alberta; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Woodland caribou; Habitat; Ecology; Woodland; Scale (ratio); Spatial ecology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Disturbance (geology); Resource (disambiguation); Threatened species; Geography; Environmental science; Biology; Cartography; Computer science; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01631390240984246,"gpt":0.2327413651465899,"spread":0.2164274627367474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003005164,0.00008890104,0.00008800729,0.00004054191,0.0003617177,0.0000156636,0.0001229924,0.0001026223,0.001472067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001660428,0.00007630234,0.00002537857,0.0005829487,0.0001272672,0.0003322215,0.00003700636,0.0002011083,0.0009552085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001831182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007232572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003464393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002984234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990998,0.00006338458,0.0001662652,0.0002436839,0.000117131,0.0003097685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996119,0.0001274925,0.00005336955,0.0001145108,0.000005783267,0.00008695211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009961346,0.0002420506,0.996097,0.000001822599,0.000002587238,2.632272e-7,0.00009739702,0.0006320028,0.000780132,0.000412631,0.0004259928,0.001298172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001449823,0.00003729824,0.9888573,0.000002770252,0.00001155829,0.00001479917,0.0001595674,0.0002056696,0.0001040772,0.0004056036,0.009952358,0.0001040503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953723,0.00001424281,0.03439987,0.0007639362,0.00002807489,0.0004346808,0.000001760425,0.00008616311,0.01054834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950387,0.000002906333,0.003111284,0.0003596767,0.00004911522,0.0008577561,0.0000127026,0.00000649527,0.0005613936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04131574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113420942","doi":"10.1890/03-5027","title":"TWO CENTURIES OF MULTIPLE HUMAN IMPACTS AND SUCCESSIVE CHANGES IN A NORTH ATLANTIC FOOD WEB","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Overfishing; Ecology; Trophic cascade; Trophic level; Food web; Fishery; Marine ecosystem; Apex predator; Ecosystem; Geography; Biology; Fishing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143893143577632,"gpt":0.2492347944132504,"spread":0.2377958629774741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008163342,0.00008421198,0.0001695794,0.00004378029,0.0001120196,0.000008270986,0.0001774565,0.00005249884,0.0004262726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005522478,0.00006859711,0.0000248341,0.0003327215,0.0003121915,0.00005191822,0.0001903926,0.00008718693,0.00006048033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008720224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007714169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001983191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.268735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992737,0.0000285927,0.0001767338,0.0002376226,0.00008008489,0.0002032472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995554,0.0001211353,0.00009807405,0.0001595169,0.000007153221,0.00005871455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002649579,0.0002814585,0.9928769,0.000004868708,0.000007474379,0.000001652733,0.0001168573,0.000713093,0.003568431,0.00227989,0.00001152695,0.0001352356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005018491,0.0001580898,0.9954494,0.000002102982,0.00001220613,0.000001726153,0.00006604004,0.00005950762,0.0007019616,0.002501335,0.0004626552,0.00008316653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997934,0.00002253678,0.00008561747,0.000439982,0.000005920213,0.0004255801,0.00001178098,0.0000179986,0.001056549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987392,0.00004301177,0.0007057505,0.0001400225,0.00001354846,0.0003235244,0.00001669712,0.000004099383,0.00001416763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2685366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7446088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109235087","doi":"10.1890/11-1313.1","title":"Life‐history correlates of extinction risk and recovery potential","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Academy of Finland","keywords":"Biology; Fecundity; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Actinopterygii; Chondrichthyes; Threatened species; Ecology; Zoology; Population; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Habitat; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009177198206709569,"gpt":0.1900279108777856,"spread":0.180850712671076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001735227,0.00005400812,0.00008187219,0.0000136874,0.0001427192,0.000001538375,0.0000597348,0.00006282797,0.004652586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008620166,0.00004595392,0.00002380362,0.00005344974,0.0002517615,0.00009758378,0.0001668746,0.00007355371,0.0004120573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006092919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002429718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001116013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003715578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995454,0.00003210882,0.0001179768,0.0001264537,0.00004815005,0.0001299378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996651,0.00008541618,0.00008959902,0.00008740085,0.000003484499,0.00006896111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009108837,0.0003088265,0.9479199,0.000003797425,0.00001862118,1.086556e-7,0.00005443788,0.000137661,0.00009624776,0.001193591,0.04729225,0.002965445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007303096,0.00004326424,0.9206095,2.807467e-7,0.00003417327,7.57744e-7,0.00004207373,0.00005779944,0.000005323616,0.001961146,0.07712301,0.00004959838],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9370992,0.0002512293,0.00843374,0.0003811219,0.0001930328,0.0004170955,0.00000529179,0.0000535652,0.05316579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974712,0.0003302629,0.0008258939,0.0003192915,0.00003547579,0.0002037836,0.000004026642,0.000002562253,0.0008074918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06037208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138872120","doi":"10.1890/13-0652.1","title":"Tracking forest phenology and seasonal physiology using digital repeat photography: a critical assessment","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Canopy; Phenology; Leaf area index; Environmental science; Deciduous; Temperate deciduous forest; Growing season; Vegetation (pathology); Tree canopy; Photochemical Reflectance Index; Remote sensing; Ecology; Biology; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01207472221574713,"gpt":0.2644906626186767,"spread":0.2524159404029295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001066659,0.0001351788,0.0001696556,0.00001562943,0.0002887335,0.00006364644,0.0001501063,0.0001474369,0.0003105007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001034565,0.00009967109,0.00005695923,0.0001639043,0.0006500577,0.00009455399,0.0001991947,0.0002060554,0.00008546271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007632278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005242641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001430715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000442486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988709,0.0000632856,0.0001714028,0.000471994,0.00012429,0.0002981068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992573,0.000351737,0.00005201743,0.0001978689,0.00001546053,0.000125644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003552831,0.002105054,0.5243507,0.00004127102,0.00007303133,0.00001343181,0.0001754218,0.00540196,0.2792526,0.06648954,0.002283297,0.1197781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000135806,0.00009201554,0.9425258,0.000002996002,0.00001752365,0.00006054138,0.0000280668,0.01743754,0.00006123266,0.0255354,0.01393358,0.0001694752],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957122,0.000009526014,0.02539092,0.0007835357,0.00003946215,0.0003185292,0.000006478448,0.00009304896,0.01623649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778029,0.000003865965,0.02165577,0.0003504723,0.00009392473,0.00003277271,0.00001850422,0.000007354151,0.00003439313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4181751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4064469,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101277022","doi":"10.1890/06-1795.1","title":"FOREST PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE CAUSED BY SUCCESSIONAL PALUDIFICATION OF BOREAL SOILS","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Université du Québec à Montréal; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Chronosequence; Productivity; Black spruce; Ecological succession; Ecology; Environmental science; Taiga; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0102369855572642,"gpt":0.2553489233033625,"spread":0.2451119377460983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008907944,0.0001107573,0.0001605764,0.00002272665,0.0001425285,0.000008574199,0.0002925702,0.0001114544,0.0005155816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001285339,0.00008848722,0.00004562934,0.0003676043,0.0002242147,0.0001010184,0.0001466338,0.0001146843,0.0003361087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001349558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001010408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003069711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001201384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986877,0.00005070228,0.0003509917,0.0003817627,0.0002787373,0.0002501261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989836,0.0003426751,0.0001994386,0.0003361028,0.0000217592,0.0001164622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002590649,0.00176856,0.8708241,0.00002112577,0.0000113648,0.000001125788,0.0000340928,0.0001887193,0.08855053,0.002402329,0.01000755,0.0261646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001387157,0.00007019202,0.9726521,0.000002082139,0.000007340033,0.000001668292,0.000006465994,0.0007463198,0.008087737,0.001546062,0.01663516,0.000106159],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736531,0.00001666642,0.01918302,0.0009809283,0.00004312249,0.0009513562,0.00003692626,0.00007099487,0.00506384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975064,0.000003374928,0.001620072,0.00008085069,0.0000545234,0.0003930731,0.000104333,0.000008296479,0.0002291084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.101828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5645258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047212340","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1162:ffatsa]2.0.co;2","title":"FIRE FREQUENCY AND THE SPATIAL AGE MOSAIC OF THE MIXED-WOOD BOREAL FOREST IN WESTERN CANADA","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":222,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Calgary; Prince Albert Grand Council","funders":"Parks Canada","keywords":"Taiga; Boreal; Physical geography; Disturbance (geology); Geography; Fragmentation (computing); Spatial distribution; Ecology; Spatial ecology; Mosaic; Common spatial pattern; Ecosystem; Climate change; Habitat; Boreal ecosystem; Fire regime; Environmental science; Forestry; Geology; Remote sensing; Biology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003739799825941395,"gpt":0.1807166861167161,"spread":0.1769768862907747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001850405,0.00008214385,0.0001317672,0.00000386453,0.0001266936,0.00001047574,0.0003470453,0.00005331766,0.000419284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000269237,0.0000433793,0.00002741349,0.0001798784,0.000331731,0.00002994834,0.00008988283,0.0001223214,0.00003837513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001219246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002321773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5592467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9685374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991732,0.000119462,0.0002036665,0.0001897091,0.0001518373,0.0001621443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993557,0.0002546003,0.00006084354,0.0002834115,0.000002565241,0.00004282162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001300673,0.0001786462,0.9596838,0.00001014605,0.000006702827,0.000004748577,0.0001287085,0.0004380443,0.00009727062,0.001058383,0.001632486,0.03674811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002951566,0.00001985582,0.9897375,0.000003212075,0.000005301797,0.000004001947,0.00001007425,0.001357,0.00002221777,0.001763516,0.006725701,0.00005649221],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896907,0.00002545245,0.00002477994,0.001503123,0.00002720461,0.0009251647,0.00002973993,0.000009963606,0.00776388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998903,0.000009598553,0.00004503416,0.0002322508,0.00002066352,0.0005336344,0.00000779081,0.000004393354,0.0002435728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4092907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4590866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108402454","doi":"10.1890/07-0876.1","title":"MALTHUSIAN OVERFISHING AND EFFORTS TO OVERCOME IT ON KENYAN CORAL REEFS","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Overfishing; Fishing; Fishery; Coral reef; Trophic level; Catch per unit effort; Reef; Fisheries management; Environmental science; Ecology; Artisanal fishing; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02131474461724946,"gpt":0.2378736072410419,"spread":0.2165588626237924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008436201,0.0001062812,0.0001405553,0.0000176402,0.0004492475,0.00001479977,0.0001312667,0.00004697988,0.0009483469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003134586,0.00008216676,0.00002942933,0.0001809897,0.00009319372,0.00006280637,0.0004025594,0.00009627261,0.001314334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009902506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003273102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001448261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005711931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991469,0.00001567213,0.0001570309,0.000329763,0.0001301195,0.0002204488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995411,0.0000823068,0.00003866116,0.0001789798,0.000005163944,0.0001537794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003487051,0.0005977404,0.8832188,0.00001380294,0.0000150758,0.00003147991,0.0005414329,0.0001235842,0.0007441613,0.008229401,0.08957811,0.01687151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007814597,0.0001346271,0.7818803,0.000002132129,0.000002705927,0.00001506905,0.00001700677,0.00003472784,0.00001350672,0.0007932143,0.2169307,0.0000978313],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.941234,0.000006816004,0.0002196263,0.004438411,0.00003954437,0.0005834075,0.000009456026,0.00006685172,0.05340192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936621,0.00002814549,0.0007797822,0.002022595,0.00006049499,0.0004159018,0.000005001777,0.000005321024,0.003020714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1273526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207191671","doi":"10.1002/eap.2470","title":"Conceptual and methodological advances in habitat‐selection modeling: guidelines for ecology and evolution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Trent University; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Environment and Climate Change Canada; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Ecology; Conceptual framework; Habitat; Process (computing); Conceptual model; Population; Computer science; Management science; Environmental resource management; Biology; Engineering; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2086525047940739,"gpt":0.4189329117797571,"spread":0.2102804069856831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008598522,0.0002437503,0.0008484058,0.00006303436,0.000249897,0.00003097517,0.000143741,0.0006277321,0.0001641486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001032768,0.0001974235,0.0001073007,0.0003446942,0.00040457,0.0002583254,0.0001924737,0.0002861687,0.00002603536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002160815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005563646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007813067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007353651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997822,0.00040913,0.0006629213,0.0007571127,0.00007372037,0.0002750418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978561,0.001670163,0.0002132411,0.0001280666,0.00005411524,0.00007833191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001129516,0.0002546364,0.02596916,0.000338829,0.00002702848,0.000001552644,0.00002291205,0.0006801048,0.00000224287,0.02871531,0.0006085967,0.9433683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002756724,0.0002070785,0.01691236,0.0001692343,0.000188128,0.00005030703,0.0001223315,0.00356457,1.690428e-7,0.02435336,0.9537832,0.0003736255],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001407753,0.9385457,0.05706251,0.0007898231,0.00008269538,0.001949884,0.00001347702,0.00004691934,0.0001012596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003821625,0.9607179,0.03255378,0.0004098711,0.0000926398,0.005663379,0.0001021843,0.00001136091,0.00006671],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9531746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8050699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149659159","doi":"10.1890/14-1129.1","title":"Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Alberta Environment and Protected Areas","funders":"","keywords":"Ursus maritimus; Sea ice; Population; Predation; Abundance (ecology); Endangered species; Climate change; Ecology; Threatened species; Habitat; Geography; Population decline; Fishery; Oceanography; Biology; Demography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01063318107736547,"gpt":0.2348862672377844,"spread":0.2242530861604189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003479692,0.00008601404,0.0001345677,0.0000129281,0.0001828561,0.00001113459,0.0003198021,0.0000475406,0.0006294302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006349805,0.00005974251,0.00004814567,0.000286837,0.00009141705,0.00003984226,0.0003266922,0.0001176038,0.0002432828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001576799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002116684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00304984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03163172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991395,0.00006522195,0.0002348869,0.0002115432,0.0001794396,0.0001693707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995472,0.00008691106,0.0000909556,0.0002345802,0.00000723971,0.00003308842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000422015,0.0001687532,0.9938938,0.000009655928,0.00000293613,4.687166e-7,0.00007490075,0.0001700155,0.00003652768,0.002168141,0.00002855131,0.003442011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001074161,0.00003923975,0.9893378,0.000001701605,0.0000086264,0.000003252308,0.0001747317,0.003519282,0.000003696304,0.001921568,0.004811364,0.00007130732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875628,0.00001481388,0.0004201622,0.001355872,0.000005835738,0.0004913937,0.00002595789,0.00002266284,0.01010048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982289,0.0000121679,0.001079224,0.0003080601,0.00002743791,0.0002234572,0.00003851884,0.000005597553,0.00007664901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02858188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9860385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160262035","doi":"10.1890/07-0352.1","title":"SINK POPULATIONS IN CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT: COUGAR DEMOGRAPHY AND IMMIGRATION IN A HUNTED POPULATION","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bombardier","keywords":"Carnivore; Population; Ecology; Biological dispersal; Population growth; Fecundity; Geography; Population decline; Population size; Demography; Leslie matrix; Biology; Habitat; Predation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01716546203682761,"gpt":0.2334750120616396,"spread":0.216309550024812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001344922,0.000090528,0.000108906,0.0001128234,0.0002231799,0.000007317082,0.00008765049,0.0001189856,0.0002424378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001391183,0.00009060505,0.00002317189,0.0007544114,0.0001185421,0.0001675295,0.00005890059,0.0001211658,0.00008575642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001047373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000312381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003721173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007938282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991219,0.00006040719,0.0002634831,0.000295232,0.00008926677,0.0001697099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997053,0.00005076514,0.00006494172,0.0001315598,0.000005358339,0.00004206287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005960849,0.0001707442,0.992035,0.000002183203,0.000001758088,0.000003713259,0.00007678229,0.0006677426,0.0000190159,0.005331981,0.0001694792,0.001515649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002640434,0.00002092449,0.9872745,0.000002545448,0.000005433599,0.000005032854,0.0000553473,0.00206099,0.000001001796,0.009221772,0.0009911683,0.00009725588],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942545,0.00001933991,0.0009919191,0.001094307,0.00001774378,0.0007035199,0.000003057033,0.00004444151,0.002871116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959343,0.00005719688,0.002697925,0.0003517419,0.00001092388,0.0007085338,0.0001027736,0.00000468633,0.0001319187],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007566164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4429747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108253070","doi":"10.1890/08-2205.1","title":"Habitat degradation and fishing effects on the size structure of coral reef fish communities","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Leverhulme Trust; National Geographic Society","keywords":"Coral reef; Fishing; Coral reef fish; Reef; Fishery; Ecology; Coral; Marine reserve; Marine protected area; Overfishing; Habitat; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009288117128527902,"gpt":0.2084695132367566,"spread":0.1991813961082287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008484904,0.00006844544,0.00009273834,0.000005650349,0.0003199744,0.00001780575,0.0001597378,0.0000453583,0.0004324048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134084,0.00003970958,0.00002008201,0.00008346415,0.0001896231,0.00004478076,0.0002364982,0.0001847234,0.00001868244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001370265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001732729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001175303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009493941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995902,0.00004035319,0.0001028952,0.00009767093,0.00007895029,0.00008988394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985685,0.001158588,0.00006044524,0.0001774707,0.000008320332,0.00002661532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001580864,0.0002086663,0.8819873,0.00004066485,0.00002096092,5.47286e-7,0.0004207228,0.00001052081,0.0517835,0.02414954,0.01546984,0.02589198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000670983,0.00007218812,0.9816886,0.00000277349,0.000006961988,0.00000169945,0.0001201211,0.00006594752,0.001058245,0.008751297,0.008110218,0.00005488883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930356,0.000002443704,0.00002930412,0.003593577,0.00004014851,0.000401388,0.00001800528,0.00002186326,0.002857677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987658,0.000006704144,0.0004380733,0.0004507347,0.000028181,0.000134396,0.000008042468,0.000002696439,0.0001654312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09970131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5297841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125551707","doi":"10.1890/02-5395","title":"POPULATION ECOLOGY OF AN INVASION: EFFECTS OF BROOK TROUT ON NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":205,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"U.S. Bureau of Land Management","keywords":"Trout; Salvelinus; Fontinalis; Oncorhynchus; Biology; Ecology; Population; Fishery; Electrofishing; Salmonidae; Rainbow trout; Abundance (ecology); Fish <Actinopterygii>; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008308936276724471,"gpt":0.2368664161807877,"spread":0.2285574799040632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001229009,0.0001051255,0.000229953,0.00003872626,0.0001718623,0.000002358299,0.0001999071,0.0001116527,0.0004273132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008945591,0.00008635227,0.00004983635,0.0001916315,0.0003167782,0.00008931826,0.0001528051,0.00009325357,0.0001582197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001446489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005010323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005188702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001234666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991217,0.00006691046,0.0002429399,0.0002897458,0.000115475,0.0001632353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993147,0.0002579258,0.0001659017,0.0002063022,0.00001142871,0.00004375972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001740016,0.01065813,0.7214454,0.0001475401,0.000182804,0.0000122728,0.0009260564,0.01762761,0.005202118,0.2312939,0.00398822,0.008341956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005048329,0.0008745471,0.9576547,0.000003692309,0.00002632759,6.096437e-7,0.00004187599,0.00002338758,0.002175605,0.03819406,0.0004189915,0.00008136294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821843,0.000004191747,0.0009524839,0.0007675852,0.00004797016,0.0009964585,0.000005545508,0.00004007144,0.01500141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970653,0.00001750278,0.001519451,0.0005768546,0.00001792902,0.0005561534,0.00002239385,0.000004820483,0.00021959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2362093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.467878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145966727","doi":"10.1890/08-2295.1","title":"Quantifying fire severity, carbon, and nitrogen emissions in Alaska's boreal forest","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Joint Fire Science Program; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Black spruce; Taiga; Environmental science; Boreal; Biomass (ecology); Canopy; Soil water; Ecosystem; Ecology; Forestry; Atmospheric sciences; Soil science; Geography; Biology; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01181500208594275,"gpt":0.2464896655626169,"spread":0.2346746634766742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002453407,0.0001173841,0.0001464259,0.00002084137,0.0001682041,0.00002642626,0.0002251249,0.0001579079,0.0003176957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008616773,0.00009821763,0.0000285079,0.0002615543,0.0001704499,0.00006569798,0.0002458532,0.0003046335,0.0001788585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006383996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000099853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009203885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01939734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990098,0.00004064911,0.0002022017,0.0003621225,0.0001207004,0.0002644725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992962,0.0002131869,0.00005561068,0.0002685033,0.00000521432,0.0001612557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001833503,0.0001508308,0.9890499,0.000005132974,0.000001900373,0.000003349235,0.00003696884,0.00001239514,0.004244981,0.0003392541,0.0002945517,0.005858924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001380328,0.00002627328,0.9802502,0.000002785922,0.000004640763,0.00001551853,0.00001822507,0.008227038,0.0001177184,0.002408948,0.008661963,0.0001286258],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877365,0.00001286947,0.00003746099,0.000656596,0.00004372034,0.0006726877,0.000008141538,0.00007460943,0.01075745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976884,0.000007827221,0.001378548,0.00009570605,0.00004163482,0.0006991258,0.00001355129,0.000009644706,0.00006562604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01847695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105653989","doi":"10.1890/02-5231","title":"GENE FLOW IN COMMERCIAL FIELDS OF HERBICIDE‐RESISTANT CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS)","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Bayer CropScience","keywords":"Canola; Gene flow; Glufosinate; Biology; Glyphosate; Outcrossing; Brassica; Cultivar; Pollen; Agronomy; Botany; Horticulture; Gene; Genetics; Genetic variation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02605364236517325,"gpt":0.2502318624769616,"spread":0.2241782201117884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002707778,0.0001122907,0.0002072003,0.00001782506,0.0001362266,0.00002079087,0.0003576326,0.0001917432,0.002368299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001454991,0.00004889589,0.00006865092,0.0005607195,0.0001315268,0.00002324293,0.00008346979,0.0002135122,0.00008839004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004505047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002794827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001643147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004526878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986814,0.0001503011,0.0003190293,0.0003067246,0.0002053689,0.000337137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999213,0.0004182767,0.00005496292,0.0001146508,0.00007313162,0.000125961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004086265,0.001528061,0.02432269,0.0000115543,0.00001519862,0.000008165659,0.00005091075,0.0001396176,0.888557,0.02246862,0.0009259086,0.06193137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002142923,0.0003255457,0.9217038,0.000003647783,0.000006167398,0.000003162816,0.00007759628,0.00006535164,0.04756876,0.007814313,0.02203099,0.0001864404],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912087,0.00007906977,0.0002427111,0.00215683,0.00002327953,0.0005575761,0.00003840422,0.00003270152,0.005660729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964108,0.0000304652,0.002828788,0.0002261746,0.00004767648,0.0002807341,0.00002517669,0.000001103345,0.0001490392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8973811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140191896","doi":"10.1890/07-1954.1","title":"Grazers, browsers, and fire influence the extent and spatial pattern of tree cover in the Serengeti","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Florida; University of Florida Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Herbivore; Population; Fire regime; Ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Fire ecology; Geography; Wildebeest; Biodiversity; Spatial heterogeneity; Biology; National park","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007171459456208748,"gpt":0.2238951774829022,"spread":0.2167237180266934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001590721,0.00005625339,0.00007133908,0.000006342966,0.0001744911,0.000008149372,0.000137399,0.0000419787,0.00007903734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002249842,0.00003039023,0.00001286644,0.00009618572,0.0003336516,0.00003493706,0.00006865752,0.00009383277,0.00001891438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001311771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001959375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001059188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00168387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995354,0.0000493044,0.0001194091,0.0001405959,0.00006296948,0.0000923423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999588,0.0002329178,0.00004806336,0.0001095319,0.000004575845,0.00001696709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005644914,0.0002371392,0.9398946,0.000003515411,0.000005367124,9.501765e-7,0.0009960354,0.0006809208,0.00016486,0.002511694,0.0003510956,0.0551482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001039363,0.00007418854,0.9904259,0.000001073976,0.000006552141,0.00000238773,0.0001307949,0.001449947,0.000003914713,0.006988532,0.0007740218,0.00003877533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907295,0.00007701603,0.0005903104,0.006769782,0.000004694304,0.0003600731,0.000004154456,0.00000633676,0.001458176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982419,0.0001536355,0.00008075825,0.0013414,0.000005983745,0.0001334125,0.00000218176,9.948237e-7,0.0000397498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05510943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1342062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2317113706","doi":"10.1890/15-1256","title":"Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; Alberta Environment and Protected Areas","funders":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Environment Canada; Ministry of Natural Resources; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","keywords":"Ursus maritimus; Sea ice; Arctic; Vital rates; Bay; Population; Apex predator; Range (aeronautics); Ecology; Climate change; Mark and recapture; Geography; Physical geography; Environmental science; Population growth; Biology; Demography; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01611858631979814,"gpt":0.252757529550092,"spread":0.2366389432302939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003511384,0.00008703244,0.0001796041,0.00003594257,0.00007803592,0.000001794498,0.0003076332,0.00005477076,0.001431656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007725914,0.00004781169,0.00006433874,0.0005128739,0.0002168728,0.00005992798,0.0003750746,0.0000551609,0.00007575782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007208318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004463443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001331927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002172631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999104,0.0000695111,0.0002434089,0.0002114361,0.0001704474,0.000201151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992386,0.0002610803,0.000162495,0.0002685078,0.00001361345,0.00005568538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055264,0.0007628391,0.9497784,0.00004339272,0.00001959372,4.443689e-7,0.0001620028,0.00002437651,0.02806222,0.001776637,0.0003594361,0.01896015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001966618,0.0002097017,0.9899328,0.00001325739,0.00001052158,4.302875e-7,0.00003745149,0.00002376114,0.004836481,0.0002118317,0.004466788,0.00006033856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942846,0.000126015,0.00004813062,0.0005974792,0.000006690163,0.0006655482,0.00007467948,0.00001029824,0.004186506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992096,0.0001876761,0.0002177444,0.000126983,0.00001133709,0.0001757864,0.000003337641,0.000005064144,0.00006247193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04015442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140440859","doi":"10.1890/14-0005.1","title":"Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy‐scale photosynthesis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Université Laval; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Biological and Environmental Research; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Northern Research Station; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Deciduous; Evergreen; Canopy; Phenology; Environmental science; Eddy covariance; Grassland; Evergreen forest; Understory; Grassland ecosystem; Seasonality; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0107928615008888,"gpt":0.2012504936838348,"spread":0.190457632182946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000943488,0.00009005779,0.0001126593,0.000006670918,0.0001259096,0.00003809437,0.0002303699,0.00008146191,0.0001583806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000541779,0.00005151682,0.00002836728,0.000165838,0.0004092952,0.00008815999,0.0001947523,0.0001066436,0.00006953184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001002806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009829893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000302515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001045226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999274,0.00002868595,0.0001374293,0.0002294362,0.0001977994,0.0001326126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993538,0.0002615458,0.0000922812,0.0001714102,0.00001302592,0.0001078989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001871867,0.0004181523,0.9319348,0.000005437992,0.00004228859,0.000002795416,0.0009053855,0.00116956,0.002830835,0.0002950351,0.003047886,0.05932909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001185349,0.00003764193,0.9784713,0.000004590097,0.00002914182,0.000009503124,0.0006301538,0.0113012,0.0004984101,0.003438787,0.005334695,0.0001260827],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894654,0.00001830834,0.0009816991,0.0009955168,0.00001827391,0.0002971681,0.0001444662,0.00003270966,0.008046512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979571,0.000005923114,0.00167385,0.00008007196,0.00003866998,0.00002659947,0.00005070301,0.000004589454,0.0001625411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05920301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2100795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979739601","doi":"10.1890/08-1404.1","title":"Eco‐genetic modeling of contemporary life‐history evolution","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","funders":"","keywords":"Trait; Biology; Inheritance (genetic algorithm); Life history theory; Genetic model; Quantitative genetics; Ecology; Population; Evolutionary biology; Evolutionary ecology; Life history; Genetic variation; Computer science; Genetics; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02506041914070976,"gpt":0.2156847910735696,"spread":0.1906243719328598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009735183,0.00006873587,0.0001146338,0.00002018572,0.000113901,0.000001588438,0.0001589048,0.00006273497,0.001509215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003018618,0.00006177236,0.00003713162,0.00009418012,0.0001413805,0.00005546796,0.00008822927,0.00006491836,0.0003874254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001607321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001147172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001584972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005192482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993783,0.00002362498,0.0001963277,0.0002039503,0.0000732449,0.0001246169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969,0.00003347521,0.00006855263,0.0001533339,0.000007405753,0.00004720738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006465205,0.00363989,0.2984244,0.00002963637,0.00008923736,0.000008277843,0.0003348347,0.09780382,0.001422377,0.07198802,0.5220048,0.004190067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000147542,0.0001227485,0.9477376,0.000001054275,0.00001372242,5.770237e-7,0.00004135368,0.01006411,0.000004205872,0.02403863,0.01773043,0.00009805488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3192728,0.0004894036,0.1112782,0.00425828,0.00009856818,0.001349318,0.000005687838,0.000199358,0.5630484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961287,0.00002245799,0.001908515,0.001236984,0.00001917162,0.0001716896,0.000004170269,0.000002239396,0.0005060912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6768559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149617584","doi":"10.1890/09-0128.1","title":"Understanding long‐term primate community dynamics: implications of forest change","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Wildlife Conservation Society; World Wildlife Fund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Habitat; Primate; Population density; Population; Transect; Biology; National park; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2187864000161492,"gpt":0.3961402260048018,"spread":0.1773538259886526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003471752,0.0001492045,0.0002545209,0.0001041967,0.0004990779,0.00001734584,0.0006111127,0.0003138499,0.002541838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002869293,0.0001385425,0.00009548794,0.0002806442,0.0004020808,0.00007195061,0.0002031099,0.0006777207,0.0003567397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001614484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002238816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000876641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005573739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988213,0.0001059393,0.0003720293,0.0002575136,0.00006618636,0.0003770974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983242,0.0003899246,0.0002009668,0.0008853987,0.0000693924,0.0001301237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007144153,0.001041553,0.5572609,0.00001107344,0.00001709586,8.524121e-7,0.0002082975,4.333137e-7,0.001024879,0.4381817,0.000186493,0.002059575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002630433,0.00009725595,0.9647959,0.000001603705,0.00004043883,0.00002703361,0.0002189368,0.00001433183,0.00002847745,0.03402793,0.0003502044,0.0001348113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9328064,0.00001272823,0.02315611,0.001406344,0.0002475357,0.001222481,0.0001986142,0.0001972976,0.04075247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955309,0.000009071412,0.0006111411,0.0002502545,0.0000743804,0.003067692,0.000298038,0.00001820659,0.0001403083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.407535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158926803","doi":"10.1890/07-1941.1","title":"Loss of Arctic sea ice causing punctuated change in sightings of killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>) over the past century","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Met Office; ArcticNet","keywords":"Sea ice; Whale; Bay; Oceanography; Arctic; Arctic ice pack; Apex predator; Climate change; Predation; Fishery; Geography; Ecology; Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01556364053726464,"gpt":0.2275052994890937,"spread":0.211941658951829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002720602,0.0001137742,0.0001984228,0.00004716319,0.0001315174,0.00001159098,0.0002012882,0.00008563681,0.000824787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005502818,0.00006856118,0.00005849137,0.0004497614,0.0002084697,0.00009444763,0.00001961164,0.0001749638,0.00002579261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001095055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002280459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001027713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009617826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990131,0.00007048644,0.0003096974,0.0002007358,0.0001645957,0.0002414091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990149,0.0005048268,0.0001702664,0.0001916749,0.00006111469,0.00005727482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002817727,0.000186043,0.9845526,0.00002705448,0.0000102223,0.000005575169,0.0005227871,0.0005416063,0.00004635373,0.001595982,0.000048133,0.01243542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001520786,0.00007873778,0.9913761,0.00001564916,0.0000182942,0.000009005592,0.0001832496,0.004722219,0.000006262653,0.001791164,0.001559373,0.00008787521],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953926,0.0001450948,0.0004297811,0.001936276,0.00004974128,0.000520947,0.00004042926,0.00002042219,0.001464696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982727,0.0001672256,0.0005236102,0.000839543,0.00007871394,0.0000136738,0.00007571079,0.000002060436,0.00002682252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01234755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9030839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097853017","doi":"10.1890/10-1054.1","title":"Assisted migration to address climate change: recommendations for aspen reforestation in western Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Reforestation; Climate change; Forest management; Geography; Environmental resource management; Habitat; Ecology; Environmental science; Agroforestry; Forestry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05640223482292428,"gpt":0.312718881149484,"spread":0.2563166463265598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001816162,0.00009104207,0.0001001547,0.00002679872,0.0002062533,0.00003322901,0.0001869788,0.00007665629,0.009193957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006000275,0.00008329676,0.00002484224,0.0003292241,0.00003693179,0.0001040523,0.00008661967,0.0001090693,0.0003615623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004877978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001672759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03020963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9733298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990983,0.00002225309,0.0002306361,0.0002748446,0.0001167,0.0002572669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994954,0.00009722188,0.00007536048,0.0001870172,0.00002352198,0.0001215208],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009912271,0.001845102,0.6850789,0.00003933282,0.00001377872,0.000003832631,0.0006918761,0.0001007204,0.02422544,0.04977355,0.1286954,0.109433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001278131,0.0000237433,0.6625881,0.000001380172,0.000003088272,9.624332e-7,0.0001365586,0.00007117178,0.000109712,0.0001756033,0.3366792,0.00008263351],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9393142,0.000002866244,0.001129158,0.04601378,0.0002234131,0.003074817,0.0009451411,0.00008225184,0.009214414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986531,0.00001623849,0.001490592,0.002145564,0.00005891433,0.008388607,0.001156501,0.000008515116,0.0002040919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9431202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9917118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033729733","doi":"10.1890/09-0422.1","title":"Constructing confidence: rational skepticism and systematic enquiry in local ecological knowledge research","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Indigenous Studies and Ecology","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Saint Vincent University","funders":"","keywords":"Champion; Skepticism; Indigenous; Traditional knowledge; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1038711917222202,"gpt":0.4677754122311293,"spread":0.3639042205089091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004186155,0.0001612392,0.0005132701,0.0001678339,0.004069848,0.00001914046,0.0002874079,0.0006136948,0.001915122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001532835,0.0001224177,0.0000440752,0.0004368989,0.001095134,0.00005785879,0.0005305341,0.002101185,0.001382452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003764785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004348166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001362487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0351014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964619,0.0008765882,0.0008526612,0.000494856,0.0001858041,0.001128251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909555,0.007901475,0.0001673166,0.0002830129,0.000513956,0.000178729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001554678,0.0005832614,0.0556602,0.001471356,0.00002192342,0.00001032014,0.00498026,0.000003298755,0.0002731427,0.9352622,0.001242523,0.0004759541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002782648,0.0007942463,0.5988488,0.0005126224,0.00007475048,0.0001260369,0.2293833,0.003245233,0.00003146717,0.1442786,0.01902228,0.0009000708],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9093712,0.0002126208,0.002988471,0.00349733,0.000614657,0.008391114,0.00002826449,0.0001442442,0.0747521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870558,0.00003868077,0.00119146,0.0003517554,0.0003301486,0.01031527,0.00001995352,0.00001111092,0.0006858549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7909836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129077706","doi":"10.1890/14-0662.1","title":"Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole landscape","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Iowa Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Wetland; Pothole (geology); Environmental science; Ecosystem services; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecosystem; Ecology; Landscape ecology; Habitat; Habitat destruction; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005058821017027297,"gpt":0.2263123290536726,"spread":0.2212535080366453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017946,0.00004969221,0.00009572257,0.000009178306,0.000097818,0.000008846278,0.0001428183,0.00005557952,0.0006110314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004529579,0.00002755072,0.00001685509,0.0002317408,0.00003817006,0.00003603959,0.00005645875,0.00004989127,0.00001297448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001060143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000283638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001920042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002453822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995518,0.00003857438,0.0001497576,0.0001045138,0.00007625262,0.00007908452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995759,0.0001863622,0.00008035678,0.0001243056,0.000009895549,0.00002315733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001728983,0.000193564,0.9921774,0.000009805495,0.000002754722,8.333743e-8,0.00009850282,0.0001947261,0.005395345,0.001361047,0.0002512671,0.0003138151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001337694,0.00007133532,0.9963766,0.000002117778,0.000008084895,8.19069e-7,0.00003716614,0.0003132024,0.0004689837,0.002034435,0.0005161038,0.00003737798],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969257,0.000005225212,0.0008469407,0.0004059954,0.000003953191,0.0002102009,0.00003291129,0.000008481793,0.001560572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997677,0.000003421608,0.00006214037,0.00003581902,0.00001826247,0.00004428635,0.00006145822,0.000002097945,0.000004790623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004926362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6690365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118463937","doi":"10.1890/09-1173.1","title":"Using expert judgment to estimate marine ecosystem vulnerability in the California Current","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Island University","funders":"Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","keywords":"Ecosystem; Environmental resource management; Vulnerability (computing); Intertidal zone; Marine ecosystem; Ecosystem management; Environmental science; Ecosystem services; Ecology; Ecosystem-based management; Salt marsh; Geography; Biology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03736295877240328,"gpt":0.3325132936503878,"spread":0.2951503348779846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000450283,0.0001176993,0.0001443642,0.0000164941,0.0002731109,0.00002669393,0.0003271438,0.00003973883,0.001266812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005486895,0.00007001685,0.0000414469,0.0002727227,0.00005074084,0.00003564909,0.000619846,0.0002165,0.0008736299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001402516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005897378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002708083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01523129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989538,0.00005579997,0.0002621431,0.0003301707,0.0001525077,0.0002455877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994214,0.0001130867,0.00004780374,0.0003247053,0.000008942267,0.00008407824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001601639,0.002018771,0.8762757,0.0000314799,0.000008518951,0.000004289413,0.0004777597,0.001140667,0.007629829,0.005901671,0.003789614,0.1027057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009743199,0.00003189877,0.6185652,0.000002391931,0.000004690164,0.000006749597,0.0000471789,0.002259106,0.00005143098,0.002129423,0.376668,0.0001365187],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888884,0.00000732131,0.001677845,0.002144321,0.0001365576,0.001318289,0.00001849655,0.00004398922,0.005764748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994596,0.000003638106,0.002995618,0.0002190034,0.00008377436,0.002049561,0.000007003658,0.000004235943,0.00004117354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3728784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126664472","doi":"10.1890/10-1237.1","title":"The effects of regional angling effort, angler behavior, and harvesting efficiency on landscape patterns of overfishing","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","funders":"","keywords":"Overfishing; Fishing; Fishery; Overexploitation; Population; Stock assessment; Geography; Fisheries management; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01587942995849191,"gpt":0.2172626928088989,"spread":0.201383262850407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001588065,0.00006341328,0.00009117509,0.00001295228,0.0002715466,0.000004379469,0.0001460198,0.00004073955,0.0001297939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006363432,0.00004154888,0.00002466804,0.00008388433,0.0002118975,0.00003969406,0.0001833811,0.00007020419,0.00001074956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001100257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001445927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002479428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001734275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994631,0.0000206293,0.0001452324,0.000161443,0.00008170673,0.0001278865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993272,0.0004126813,0.0001059687,0.0001235601,0.000006190092,0.00002437695],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005661679,0.0002887918,0.9920816,0.00001546978,0.000008459331,0.000001183221,0.0001469486,0.00001069505,0.0001745921,0.004834461,0.0005175821,0.001914524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001161941,0.000167785,0.9979224,0.000006119666,0.00002116144,6.669686e-7,0.00007106027,0.00003090309,0.000257851,0.0007226875,0.0006369301,0.00004626618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988234,0.00002027814,0.0003694534,0.00009166709,0.00002426744,0.0004158028,0.000001960495,0.0000167175,0.01082589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990079,0.00005581206,0.0003307022,0.0001384935,0.000008215012,0.0003069426,0.000001704899,0.000002806094,0.0001474441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01077392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2088544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779124762","doi":"10.1002/eap.1669","title":"The spatial sensitivity of the spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship: an experimental test in a prairie grassland","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Cummings Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; University of Minnesota; University of Wisconsin-Madison; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Grassland; Biodiversity; Ecology; Diversity (politics); Grassland ecosystem; Geography; Species diversity; Environmental science; Agroforestry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02082393800729098,"gpt":0.2379216359356754,"spread":0.2170976979283844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002717767,0.00006071804,0.00007484631,0.000005376385,0.002337373,0.00004225412,0.0004515558,0.00005340116,0.0001149675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006383814,0.00003330606,0.00003977954,0.00005634331,0.0001719559,0.000154383,0.0007975204,0.00009683742,0.0001158236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006961974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005548381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00255235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08368099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993848,0.00008106858,0.0001036504,0.0001713007,0.0001258221,0.000133396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991688,0.0002534454,0.0001273002,0.0004018979,0.000005260943,0.00004328697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005280554,0.0002133954,0.9988885,9.005097e-7,0.000001537851,9.243622e-7,0.00008996428,0.00005213682,0.0003818969,0.0001667999,0.0001083016,0.00009039288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001525271,0.00003391918,0.9971007,0.000001247185,0.000005955165,0.000001477933,0.0001011559,0.000564602,0.0004461647,0.0009213291,0.0006194595,0.00005153567],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959255,0.000003592375,0.00003996744,0.001501802,0.0000330006,0.0003558221,0.00002327666,0.00001119303,0.002105858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998484,0.000001690636,0.00003208416,0.0000312979,0.00002113295,0.00002900809,0.000003775777,0.000001164429,0.0000314286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08112864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029886176","doi":"10.1890/07-0465.1","title":"ANGLER NUMERICAL RESPONSE ACROSS LANDSCAPES AND THE COLLAPSE OF FRESHWATER FISHERIES","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Environment; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Fishing; Geography; Numerical response; Population; Fishery; Population density; Ecology; Spatial ecology; Abundance (ecology); Environmental science; Predation; Predator; Biology; Functional response; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01072538507117815,"gpt":0.2217700190009097,"spread":0.2110446339297315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002622787,0.00006630333,0.0001326484,0.000005736552,0.0005091735,0.000005693495,0.0001432748,0.00004801435,0.001644454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008216249,0.00003757119,0.00002900951,0.0001320497,0.001203176,0.00004264283,0.0003392442,0.00006144599,0.0001478659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001380125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002143582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001637458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006261148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999397,0.00008589958,0.0001328049,0.0001651943,0.00007135048,0.0001477114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993348,0.0004439559,0.00004731766,0.0001401389,0.000006301709,0.00002745249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006799416,0.000371008,0.8377513,0.000004420793,0.00004480462,0.000006495908,0.001736996,0.00009568794,0.0001520969,0.002211879,0.1565075,0.0004378297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003764807,0.00004846518,0.8375994,2.7639e-7,0.000006662279,0.000004538034,0.0001348613,0.00006581601,0.00003485586,0.001125308,0.1605565,0.00004690777],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849842,0.00001887227,0.0003131816,0.008362134,0.00001339307,0.0004048741,0.00001521442,0.00002896891,0.005859216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99592,0.00007537557,0.0007008046,0.0009484907,0.00001062271,0.0005746329,0.000002746814,0.000002692151,0.00176462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01093587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}