{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1414,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":1414,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"133778a99605","filters":{"venue":"Ecology and Evolution"}},"results":[{"id":"W2089946748","doi":"10.1002/ece3.329","title":"Effective/census population size ratio estimation: a compendium and appraisal","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":390,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Statistics; Population; Estimation; Compendium; Confidence interval; Effective population size; Census; Population size; Demography; Mathematics; Geography; Econometrics; Biology; Sociology; Genetic variation; Economics; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00562392742756922,"gpt":0.2435528138744887,"spread":0.2379288864469194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001194677,0.00007472488,0.00007572106,0.00002131939,0.0001729653,0.000008959958,0.00002246733,0.0001597932,0.00002033195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001096765,0.0000768832,0.00001588616,0.00003144946,0.00005667526,0.00001099795,0.00004444655,0.00004875674,0.00000549011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001053226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000529468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001941834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002852393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995407,0.00007564304,0.00007980593,0.0001342154,0.00003951946,0.0001301101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997708,0.00003716714,0.00004584368,0.00006698613,0.00002233411,0.00005690474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007385415,0.00002295121,0.9865507,0.00001629307,0.00002426405,2.184543e-7,0.00009560238,0.0002435444,0.007917525,0.00281808,0.0007149891,0.001522012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000396521,0.00009025711,0.9963683,0.000001675844,0.00002316231,0.00003804806,0.00003659526,0.0004759049,0.000327585,0.0003245914,0.001832172,0.00008516424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965869,0.000418517,0.002100947,0.0001194057,0.0004212111,0.0001399706,0.00001017845,0.000009821627,0.0001930806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982252,0.00001360488,0.001219483,0.00006683947,0.0001877423,0.00000733462,0.0001817631,0.000003739924,0.00009429258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009817658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3135206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087479477","doi":"10.1002/ece3.909","title":"A meta‐analysis of declines in local species richness from human disturbances","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":377,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Species richness; Biome; Ecology; Biodiversity; Habitat destruction; Body size and species richness; Habitat; Biology; Ecosystem; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0194719344354627,"gpt":0.2402672589249418,"spread":0.2207953244894791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001152327,0.00006164603,0.0002847119,0.00007065293,0.0001059274,0.000002703536,0.00005400793,0.00007207378,0.00171787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000163481,0.00005027002,0.00006515891,0.0002462683,0.0004703584,0.0001139067,0.00006272116,0.00005152983,0.00003737674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003962848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000183735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001762647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08551173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994559,0.00006722615,0.0001754623,0.0001570969,0.00004137099,0.0001029963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996933,0.0001454332,0.00007484648,0.00006245158,0.000008256297,0.00001573303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003236756,0.0000463652,0.9926944,0.000001594967,0.002635873,5.568534e-7,0.0002971945,0.003147625,0.0002055328,0.0008940464,0.00006049811,0.00001311324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009460674,0.00002542702,0.9789074,3.64974e-7,0.004048705,1.370539e-7,0.0002371078,0.005769821,0.000009058374,0.01084364,0.00001329923,0.00005040237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972322,0.0005170145,0.0008727232,0.0002932154,0.00004312179,0.00007322156,0.000005280262,0.000006667389,0.0009565759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993561,0.00003530586,0.0001547891,0.00004744505,0.000005717224,0.00004163474,0.00001237966,0.000001390632,0.0003452334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08374908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158390737","doi":"10.1002/ece3.461","title":"Epigenetic regulation of adaptive responses of forest tree species to the environment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Plant Molecular Biology Research","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":358,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Epigenetics; Biology; Phenotypic plasticity; Ecology; Ecosystem; Adaptive capacity; Environmental change; Adaptation (eye); Forest ecology; Evolutionary biology; Climate change; Neuroscience; Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01939634079146964,"gpt":0.2032422020236205,"spread":0.1838458612321509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001702415,0.00003689345,0.00007049787,0.00001151402,0.00006867843,0.000001908347,0.00007017668,0.0000603685,0.0001527351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006416144,0.00001290675,0.00001753266,0.00005823768,0.000153509,0.00001903373,0.00005009273,0.00003268111,0.00002973103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001261645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003902196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001079975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00143878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995136,0.0001518477,0.00009248219,0.00009204203,0.00005327457,0.00009679471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996785,0.0002038346,0.00004199428,0.00003130264,0.00002324608,0.00002114079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000568044,0.00001931752,0.2599257,9.559469e-7,0.000006820818,1.208251e-7,0.00002977661,0.00004575865,0.7370319,0.0008083197,0.0002376613,0.001836804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003557323,0.0005279984,0.991018,0.000002227552,0.000003515032,0.000001942215,0.00007962537,0.0001195162,0.006269551,0.001556987,0.0003596744,0.00002539763],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974848,0.00009441327,0.00004655249,0.001923121,0.00001873821,0.0002145094,0.00001264561,0.00000257786,0.0002026635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994328,0.00002677093,0.00006053723,0.00002046353,0.00001834872,0.00001983263,0.00001030344,1.876814e-7,0.0004107505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7310923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1672342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2567469350","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2579","title":"The database of the <scp>PREDICTS</scp> (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":273,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Bishop's University; Department of Environment and Conservation; Natural Resources Canada; University of Victoria; University of New Brunswick; Canadian Forest Service; University of Toronto; Thompson Rivers University; Trent University; McGill University; Yukon Department of Environment; Carleton University; University of British Columbia; Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Université Laval; University of Alberta; Brock University; Université du Québec à Montréal; Northern Alberta Institute of Technology","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS)","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Ecology; Biodiversity; Functional diversity; Database; Geography; Computer science; Biology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02269122611490638,"gpt":0.2431767789034776,"spread":0.2204855527885712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001119297,0.00005567563,0.0001082354,0.0000580538,0.0005643239,0.000001991246,0.0001304246,0.00008469527,0.000004528424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001389447,0.0000279252,0.00002346284,0.0001963312,0.0005878237,0.00008443066,0.0006291569,0.00007873885,0.000003250583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001008132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001887675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001639682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003096575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990594,0.0003758775,0.0001729103,0.0001370706,0.00007397419,0.0001807384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982457,0.001481932,0.0001569541,0.00009746121,0.000007479603,0.00001046366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003298952,0.00003237555,0.9971326,0.000006120533,0.00001011857,8.393745e-7,0.0006292893,0.00007541755,0.001035501,0.0008547249,0.0001382294,0.00005176925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003964842,0.00009850356,0.9967284,0.00001789702,0.00001222821,0.000004286748,0.001056469,0.001175073,0.00004078008,0.0003910809,0.00006366194,0.00001517274],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985122,0.00006552819,0.0000803943,0.0001639164,0.00038243,0.000270082,0.00001217406,0.000006925959,0.0005063638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995027,0.00007444469,0.00001767957,0.000009939205,0.00001920399,0.00001878698,5.89006e-7,0.000001460089,0.0003551701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002932607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.434038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2668423657","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3122","title":"Relative Selection Strength: Quantifying effect size in habitat‐ and step‐selection inference","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Covariate; Selection (genetic algorithm); Inference; Statistics; RSS; Context (archaeology); Statistical inference; Econometrics; Computer science; Mathematics; Ecology; Geography; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360757930621634,"gpt":0.2589832695208897,"spread":0.2453756902146734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004795738,0.0000950801,0.0001234091,0.00003919794,0.0007714888,0.00002543568,0.00005565105,0.0002073475,0.0001038294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000893696,0.00009621879,0.00001299764,0.00007413665,0.0002626537,0.0006852478,0.00007412175,0.000218217,0.0000473726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001691107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001384972,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006239319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02854547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999171,0.0001917389,0.0001331968,0.0002691587,0.00005001981,0.0001848842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993294,0.0004258678,0.0001253924,0.00007713837,0.000007967406,0.00003421303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006804905,0.00002405892,0.9964851,0.000005539256,0.000006444477,9.999236e-7,0.00008948224,0.0000667096,0.0008252387,0.0009810152,0.0001084206,0.001338937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000540601,0.0003131201,0.9869705,0.00001020435,0.00001446921,0.00001078229,0.00001985573,0.009512458,0.00005902703,0.002404761,0.00004880429,0.00009539873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977322,0.00002105701,0.0004387301,0.0005206967,0.0001767663,0.000186979,5.885191e-7,0.00002367468,0.0008993433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992997,0.00002635558,0.0003767934,0.00005177884,0.00002420535,0.00003365216,0.000001830277,0.000003908132,0.0001817539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02792154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.989181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135744524","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1303","title":"The<scp>PREDICTS</scp>database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dillon Consulting; Université du Québec à Montréal; Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation; Yukon Department of Environment; Canadian Forest Service; Thompson Rivers University; University of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Carleton University","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Biodiversity; Database; Biome; Geography; Ecology; Global biodiversity; Habitat; Range (aeronautics); Taxonomic rank; Ecosystem; Biology; Taxon","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02681029047643447,"gpt":0.2224826901862845,"spread":0.1956723997098501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003651558,0.00008371013,0.0001254115,0.000008281656,0.0006478591,0.00001916784,0.0001308883,0.00007724707,0.000006790853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003030316,0.00003244341,0.00003250809,0.0001363631,0.0002091159,0.00008813081,0.0001682221,0.00006441232,0.00001645692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003207377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006386634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004054218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01681842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999294,0.0001104845,0.00009200742,0.0001747284,0.00008977987,0.0002390402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994996,0.0002977518,0.00006066521,0.00002715382,0.00002468525,0.0000901876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002084558,0.00007202482,0.7888685,0.00000767685,0.00003218976,0.000004854135,0.0000488448,0.000001343222,0.133587,0.001777789,0.07361083,0.001780511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002150347,0.0006411813,0.9817838,0.000008939616,0.00001583373,0.000004965519,0.0002658783,0.00003337736,0.0002318512,0.0002272029,0.01654036,0.00003156191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977336,0.0001454231,0.00002368528,0.001270337,0.0001080297,0.00009306742,0.0003831412,0.00002216723,0.0002205412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999524,0.00004898863,0.00001064693,0.00008768061,0.00018388,0.000002708575,0.00008247812,1.636058e-7,0.00005948343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1929154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.938507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2916451294","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4984","title":"A temporal beta‐diversity index to identify sites that have changed in exceptional ways in space–time surveys","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Beta diversity; Null model; Null hypothesis; Statistics; Diversity (politics); Null (SQL); Statistical hypothesis testing; Composition (language); Plot (graphics); Diversity index; Species diversity; Index (typography); Ecology; Space (punctuation); Assemblage (archaeology); Mathematics; Computer science; Species richness; Biology; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01991806834965727,"gpt":0.2404904075914772,"spread":0.2205723392418199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008302718,0.00008268304,0.0001461431,0.000120182,0.0001645431,0.000004619272,0.00007224109,0.0001451938,0.001107864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000309387,0.00008885552,0.00001880786,0.0001369904,0.0001140788,0.000193657,0.0003522561,0.0001314148,0.001052006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002629148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006238702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006009092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08413398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991567,0.0001886516,0.0001066104,0.0002535535,0.00008043831,0.0002140719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997519,0.0000959504,0.00004456475,0.00006511871,0.000006166043,0.00003632634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002597966,0.00005589044,0.9972779,0.000003600741,0.000006252551,0.000003618427,0.0008474192,0.001099236,0.000300682,0.0001163916,0.0002331496,0.00002990365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004832482,0.0000726553,0.9934176,0.000003861985,0.000003329593,0.00000199492,0.0001774539,0.003002903,0.000004776642,0.002721532,0.00001494307,0.00009576302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972517,0.00001746006,0.0002351031,0.0007136555,0.0001247344,0.0002426061,0.000005939151,0.00001166234,0.001397105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989971,0.000009010376,0.00008809081,0.0001280528,0.00001004537,0.00001545216,0.00002171774,0.000002808472,0.0007277281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08353307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977852782","doi":"10.1002/ece3.311","title":"Evidence of a strong coupling between root exudation, <scp>C</scp> and <scp>N</scp> availability, and stimulated <scp>SOM</scp> decomposition caused by rhizosphere priming effects","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; Crafoordska Stiftelsen","keywords":"Rhizosphere; Ecosystem; Priming (agriculture); Biomass (ecology); Decomposition; Soil biology; Vegetation (pathology); Organic matter; Biota; Soil organic matter; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Agronomy; Soil water; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01776974011309297,"gpt":0.2475836666281705,"spread":0.2298139265150775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008129885,0.0002596237,0.0004003453,0.00003492351,0.0004543213,0.00005223452,0.0001158152,0.0004127645,0.000006324192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001340504,0.0001589836,0.00005565016,0.000267961,0.0002598807,0.0005035808,0.0001439032,0.0002489576,0.000007369214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009971708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002049254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002482684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008444686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982028,0.0002203451,0.0003967746,0.0004509928,0.0001881202,0.0005409549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945346,0.004721451,0.0002826829,0.00008561122,0.0001369684,0.000238698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048263,0.00008141673,0.9366589,0.00009041392,0.00004748048,8.386404e-7,0.0003423431,0.00004906346,0.0616724,0.0001024778,0.0003100203,0.0006398842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004283179,0.0005163242,0.9853226,0.00009642649,0.0001468935,0.0000115244,0.0005567987,0.008963246,0.00344451,0.0003898553,0.00007493129,0.00004855704],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932445,0.005750913,0.0001240684,0.00004755929,0.0001698818,0.0004831035,0.00002417976,0.000081527,0.00007428683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992479,0.0002187736,0.0001026268,0.00003110399,0.0001544916,0.00002577093,0.0001246277,0.000004310597,0.00009037267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05822789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6483162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1894591502","doi":"10.1002/ece3.49","title":"High‐throughput sequencing offers insight into mechanisms of resource partitioning in cryptic bat species","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Research Foundation; Hakai Institute; Bat Conservation Trust","keywords":"Species complex; Biology; Throughput; Computational biology; DNA sequencing; Resource (disambiguation); Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Genetics; Gene; Phylogenetic tree","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02996823634618346,"gpt":0.1928446103956227,"spread":0.1628763740494392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000288127,0.00009491647,0.0002082282,0.00002769778,0.0002681835,0.000002375883,0.00007524234,0.0002271924,0.0002739535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008175633,0.00004596637,0.00002925494,0.000149886,0.0003248476,0.00009727124,0.00007789367,0.0001254154,0.00001666542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006840995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008348663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005373825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01026272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991738,0.0001393832,0.0002117706,0.0002167854,0.0000343969,0.0002238544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996695,0.0001557534,0.00008694683,0.00003295875,0.00002703521,0.00002780775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001439975,0.0001019229,0.7360215,0.00001852348,0.00004778351,0.00001160232,0.002572812,0.0000112727,0.1659981,0.09455752,0.0001442305,0.0003707959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001380563,0.000403811,0.9404569,0.00001114725,0.00001238256,0.000005733039,0.001448623,0.00001532158,0.005308556,0.05199283,0.0001199405,0.00008672302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974868,0.0001593378,0.0000301885,0.0005642602,0.0001883959,0.00009222477,0.000002398918,0.00002401143,0.00145233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992302,0.00005116758,0.0004012189,0.0001592717,0.00004410312,0.00001772117,0.00001087711,5.419918e-7,0.00008491789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2044355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5726839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885015947","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4213","title":"<scp>eDNA</scp> metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; ArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Environmental DNA; Biodiversity; Arctic; Ecology; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Fishery; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01514727858636242,"gpt":0.2061913844662442,"spread":0.1910441058798818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002165621,0.0001188619,0.0001396721,0.00002925909,0.0006648019,0.00001055248,0.0001162139,0.00009855215,0.0001437535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002015089,0.0001223868,0.00004429184,0.00009082624,0.0007593849,0.0001701561,0.0003558646,0.00007360418,0.0006489365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001863604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005795014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004354075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005443461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999112,0.00004759019,0.00008951122,0.0003520389,0.0001015359,0.0002973168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996098,0.0001053606,0.00006212421,0.0001013037,0.000006309896,0.0001151417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001447465,0.00004359434,0.9690032,0.000007000384,0.00003197383,5.081761e-7,0.0003508319,0.00002222266,0.000761042,0.00007033172,0.02961988,0.00007495375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004815843,0.00039076,0.9907179,0.000001166503,0.00002928123,0.00001001311,0.0005556227,0.000197478,0.000233654,0.0006016727,0.006715436,0.00006539982],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938602,0.00008186066,0.002477282,0.0001984347,0.0001908344,0.0002731802,0.00004567315,0.0000348846,0.002837577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904753,0.00003975818,0.007905031,0.0002345515,0.00006239751,0.000007192476,0.00002358831,0.000003224935,0.001248988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02290444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8340983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977140028","doi":"10.1002/ece3.710","title":"Shrub canopies influence soil temperatures but not nutrient dynamics: An experimental test of tundra snow–shrub interactions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; Arctic Institute of North America","keywords":"Shrub; Environmental science; Tundra; Abiotic component; Ecology; Ecosystem; Canopy; Agronomy; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01297356358794279,"gpt":0.235422191439545,"spread":0.2224486278516022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000724389,0.0001091279,0.0001408539,0.00008557807,0.0002801161,0.00003845052,0.00008577557,0.00008564102,0.002695258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004922442,0.00009606786,0.00002533195,0.00008041018,0.0002141204,0.0005548297,0.00001770893,0.0001237403,0.0001360809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002497974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003455297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01604798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1101025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992918,0.0000475168,0.0001818209,0.0001943842,0.00007363609,0.000210866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994882,0.0001803094,0.00007202947,0.0001116417,0.00006053719,0.00008732856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003146212,0.00007449018,0.969769,0.00001390726,0.000008629001,0.000002490494,0.0008754935,0.000160109,0.02833366,0.0001598564,0.0004490483,0.0001218717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001872534,0.0003699673,0.9853011,0.00001545532,0.000008695029,0.00004186099,0.002872571,0.007794159,0.002927352,0.0002519604,0.0001142671,0.0001152975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997659,0.0003181805,0.000003695888,0.0003017244,0.0004142988,0.0001485156,0.0005892071,0.00002141038,0.00054392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986402,0.00009075523,0.00003351696,0.0001920308,0.00008826907,0.00001047876,0.0006960798,0.000002536903,0.0002461185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0940545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168957749","doi":"10.1002/ece3.541","title":"Climate change impact on seaweed meadow distribution in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine and coastal plant biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Intertidal zone; Rocky shore; Climate change; Fucus vesiculosus; Ecology; Fucales; Oceanography; Arctic; Temperate climate; Geography; Ascophyllum; Environmental science; Algae; Biology; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01128854083896014,"gpt":0.2016821484880407,"spread":0.1903936076490806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001594981,0.00008449823,0.00009960772,0.00004009258,0.0001172444,0.00001772618,0.00007772213,0.0000787685,0.000435263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001857755,0.0000480694,0.00002398392,0.00009546184,0.00004934359,0.0001357658,0.00001305969,0.0001342686,0.0003526511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007937041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007474057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02915123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1191198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993169,0.0001276618,0.0001059623,0.0001378185,0.0000453,0.0002664027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997448,0.0001053851,0.00003668847,0.00006660761,0.00001138332,0.00003510334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006791372,0.00001543282,0.9853445,0.000004514044,0.000003563599,0.000004297795,0.00006793436,0.00003115248,0.000003203844,0.00009930543,0.000515712,0.01384247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001493947,0.0004390471,0.9932824,0.000004411882,0.000004858495,0.0000363236,0.00007023053,0.005304988,4.60855e-7,0.0003917905,0.0002545998,0.00006152096],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970637,0.00004384909,0.000008660644,0.0006605129,0.0001264129,0.0002086412,0.0000616527,0.00001242204,0.001814124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986454,0.00006251242,0.000001904559,0.0003029686,0.00008641525,0.000008664315,0.0008496553,7.684427e-7,0.00004171278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08996858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9773138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114346673","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1105","title":"The future of the northeast <scp>A</scp>tlantic benthic flora in a high <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub> world","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine and coastal plant biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; University of Dundee","keywords":"Flora (microbiology); Biology; Bacteria; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008039395855460893,"gpt":0.2044194361877685,"spread":0.1963800403323076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008816694,0.0003513056,0.0009320767,0.0002134,0.0004181461,0.00003008917,0.0004803308,0.0005739097,0.00001850673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002295938,0.0001927129,0.000211857,0.0005017584,0.0003648547,0.00007528796,0.00008813035,0.0008351455,0.0001649129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001633111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002151306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007507803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1663987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974002,0.000842962,0.0005949818,0.0004322964,0.0001584058,0.000571192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969797,0.002071897,0.0004826105,0.0003409895,0.00003725359,0.0000875355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001002252,0.0000408819,0.3997894,0.001843287,0.0001309522,0.00001403946,0.00007813922,0.00003304067,0.000001371784,0.00153888,0.007211098,0.5893089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000136813,0.0001072718,0.3327368,0.0002824943,0.0001251733,0.00008629388,0.00006830035,0.00009418045,9.2355e-7,0.0008143325,0.6654954,0.00005198695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.127076,0.8654255,0.000004112668,0.0001220263,0.002253452,0.000678207,0.0001946376,0.00002439004,0.004221733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1246577,0.8726811,0.000005036093,0.00009892044,0.000658599,0.00001668671,0.0005404143,0.000008383307,0.00133324],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6582843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8488123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141928869","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1439","title":"A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica; Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Academy of Finland; Ministry of Environment; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Metacommunity; Beta diversity; Ecology; Biodiversity; Latitude; Spatial variability; Alpha diversity; Range (aeronautics); Aquatic insect; Assemblage (archaeology); Distance decay; Spatial ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Biology; Biological dispersal; Habitat; Population; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1173654482852764,"gpt":0.2572802929403064,"spread":0.13991484465503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005081711,0.0001154319,0.0003839544,0.0001051404,0.0007160142,0.000006576759,0.0001209956,0.0001638303,0.0006406332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005367751,0.0001019015,0.00005157456,0.0001910163,0.0007352672,0.0002278935,0.0009990103,0.0001749663,0.00004476644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002557004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009925559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004271341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1043803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987351,0.0005936781,0.0001747003,0.0002087766,0.00009863675,0.0001890517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993177,0.0003084126,0.0001263428,0.0001089332,0.00001914049,0.0001194556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004114111,0.00004928546,0.9949527,0.00000264861,0.0002116222,0.000001093091,0.003407422,0.0005523292,0.00006421637,0.0001675841,0.0005434218,0.000006556139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004897855,0.0002847211,0.9938675,8.786943e-7,0.0004351904,0.000001740353,0.001747366,0.0007622321,0.0001026027,0.002168481,0.00003601664,0.0001034623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981089,0.00002989865,0.0001135367,0.0001149963,0.00005472293,0.0001189821,0.00008750858,0.00001566694,0.001355791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995598,0.000004814119,0.000133471,0.00001957342,0.000008886692,0.00000197865,0.00007314701,0.000001490854,0.0001968181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.100109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9119624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1501640459","doi":"10.1002/ece3.268","title":"Inferring the annual migration patterns of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the United States from mitochondrial haplotypes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Pennsylvania State University; University of Pennsylvania; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Fall armyworm; Overwintering; Biology; PEST analysis; Infestation; Ecology; Lepidoptera genitalia; Geography; Agronomy; Spodoptera; Botany; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006390940961519976,"gpt":0.2223464912361265,"spread":0.2159555502746065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001601981,0.00007274702,0.00007080946,0.00003317744,0.00007811737,0.000006515791,0.00008358392,0.0001189773,0.000005606947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003744053,0.00004760456,0.00002412427,0.00005346427,0.00006112962,0.000007419282,0.00003151938,0.00008043348,0.000002628554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009866972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001527731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009604853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01216727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994266,0.000130455,0.0001381772,0.00009849041,0.00004966111,0.0001566236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997107,0.00004869436,0.00005935222,0.000125106,0.00004044476,0.00001567211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001406775,0.00008724609,0.9754019,0.000007673169,0.00002899857,3.721495e-7,0.002321944,0.0002282234,0.02074595,0.0002357517,0.0006184934,0.0001827442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002965857,0.0001607957,0.9875497,0.000005698901,0.00001860852,0.00000210949,0.00113283,0.0001312131,0.003981574,0.0002465289,0.006408715,0.00006560943],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977885,0.0006863549,0.0007734728,0.0003193258,0.0002300116,0.0001142617,0.00002662319,0.000002625041,0.0000588218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987379,0.0002904505,0.0000733613,0.0002748978,0.0003265251,0.00001571444,0.0002438265,0.000004085577,0.00003320895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01676437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.678962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569930069","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1497","title":"Toward accurate molecular identification of species in complex environmental samples: testing the performance of sequence filtering and clustering methods","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Identification and Quantification in Food","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Identification (biology); Cluster analysis; Computer science; Sequence (biology); Computational biology; Biological system; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Ecology; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1299259790590974,"gpt":0.325367197772037,"spread":0.1954412187129396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005547666,0.00005339955,0.00007877322,0.00003883924,0.00004714082,0.000006915035,0.00007096327,0.00005375531,0.000002871499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000155079,0.00004918847,0.00001107361,0.00006000049,0.0002137754,0.00001042652,0.00006959524,0.00003911865,7.026962e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001652188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001826184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001174968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001133471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993778,0.0001129256,0.000248868,0.0001436469,0.00004303036,0.00007373984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996368,0.00002757337,0.0001588009,0.0001255107,0.00003331359,0.00001800534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001989733,0.0000124688,0.04729605,0.00002567103,0.000006204742,6.935029e-8,0.000197318,0.0006055804,0.9512939,0.0001809772,0.000007584501,0.0003542808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001668081,0.00007446257,0.7550299,0.000006325334,0.000007117146,0.00001398078,0.0004619631,0.01353113,0.2304921,0.00005872624,0.0001069731,0.00005061315],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856048,0.0001958968,0.0139115,0.00007434468,0.00005972958,0.0001000823,0.000008802585,0.000002637376,0.00004221994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964157,0.00007289949,0.003400211,0.00001374136,0.00001114738,0.00001174846,0.00003972617,0.000003566616,0.00003127523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7208018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2005847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009074285","doi":"10.1002/ece3.6147","title":"Three critical factors affecting automated image species recognition performance for camera traps","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute; University of Calgary; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Deep learning; Transfer of learning; Camera trap; Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning; Computer vision; Wildlife; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04019360546685947,"gpt":0.2579962134461807,"spread":0.2178026079793213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009454825,0.00008397554,0.00009805061,0.00001265258,0.000303543,0.00001758895,0.0000431135,0.00008636204,0.006693633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002180907,0.00008036464,0.00003170038,0.00009416558,0.0002188298,0.0002137722,0.00003726512,0.00007666655,0.0003013797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001845253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004319555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002292445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002605996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994018,0.00002050794,0.0001071982,0.0001961724,0.00005906579,0.0002152396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997383,0.0001008079,0.00003236926,0.00003915664,0.00001254077,0.00007681797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455926,0.0001221734,0.9170343,0.0001136406,0.00001811149,0.000002738919,0.001197442,0.00001251442,0.04844391,0.0007314058,0.03068176,0.001496354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002651718,0.0002293776,0.9886783,0.000003124801,0.00001552899,0.000004236342,0.00108869,0.007620837,0.001113072,0.0001568377,0.000721916,0.0001028729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947466,0.00001485419,0.001284238,0.001247595,0.0001659315,0.0001783779,0.00006906128,0.0001703164,0.002123065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993991,0.00001628079,0.0002077429,0.0001911261,0.00004800877,0.00001694698,0.0001016352,0.000005346106,0.00001377569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07164398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9942144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141553059","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1485","title":"Divergence thresholds and divergent biodiversity estimates: can metabarcoding reliably describe zooplankton communities?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Windsor; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad","keywords":"Biology; Species richness; Operational taxonomic unit; Evolutionary biology; Intraspecific competition; Biodiversity; Ecology; Genetics; Gene; 16S ribosomal RNA","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03251481786287305,"gpt":0.2144620389962445,"spread":0.1819472211333714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000256532,0.0001401685,0.0001510439,0.00003571174,0.0008067178,0.00001437059,0.0001378185,0.00009416125,0.0002181209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003458728,0.0001404774,0.00002098633,0.00007798102,0.0008973592,0.0002443694,0.001118481,0.0001272946,0.0002064619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003623463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003912929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003370852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001554266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999194,0.00006718133,0.0001040956,0.0002269585,0.0001490281,0.0002587641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996094,0.00004901947,0.00005688363,0.0001310003,0.000006954039,0.0001468159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002385865,0.00003594529,0.9910148,0.000004939119,0.00002192051,0.000006378163,0.00175355,0.0001420641,0.0001820856,0.00006083606,0.006694359,0.00005924291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003581945,0.0001459365,0.9943142,0.000004851552,0.00006222933,0.00001685184,0.003216016,0.0002805197,0.00007879124,0.0006243011,0.0007357218,0.0001624037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997998,0.0003530605,0.00009089386,0.0003968501,0.0002469257,0.0001339486,0.00005216683,0.00003915796,0.0006889724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973793,0.0004568906,0.001843051,0.0001805751,0.000008402453,0.00000468811,0.00002214505,0.00000259824,0.0001023227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005958637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6204702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913311378","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4757","title":"Incomplete estimates of genetic diversity within species: Implications for <scp>DNA</scp> barcoding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Identification and Quantification in Food","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"DNA barcoding; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Biodiversity; Intraspecific competition; Taxon; Genetic diversity; Genetic variation; Population; Range (aeronautics); Species complex; Barcode; Ecology; Phylogenetic tree; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06957505754550505,"gpt":0.31212908392591,"spread":0.242554026380405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002370121,0.0001791256,0.0004578185,0.0001221958,0.0003176846,0.0000140296,0.0002271284,0.0003728469,0.000006570602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003414085,0.0001805782,0.0001748696,0.0001059785,0.0001735132,0.000005196123,0.0002174022,0.00008513535,0.00002348763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003968038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001352002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003503509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001904726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988555,0.00007402417,0.0004371065,0.0004159848,0.00004593288,0.0001714026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998795,0.0001576929,0.0004894693,0.0003580939,0.0001541992,0.00004553776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001339739,0.001938357,0.1969644,0.112504,0.006338166,0.000001939914,0.001853878,0.0004083357,0.1172685,0.2719788,0.1499697,0.1406399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004037823,0.0002518849,0.1025782,0.000359069,0.0008762367,0.00003502081,0.00008844148,0.00008993185,0.0004240134,0.0011473,0.893532,0.0002141136],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01144379,0.9711918,0.01407728,0.00005781673,0.0008276402,0.001454292,0.0005158652,0.00002520308,0.0004063704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04378826,0.9500372,0.002242231,0.00003037667,0.0001787122,0.0001952374,0.00163457,0.00003177395,0.001861611],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7435623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7363763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993913119","doi":"10.1002/ece3.740","title":"What to eat now? Shifts in polar bear diet during the ice‐free season in western Hudson Bay","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Arctic Institute of North America","keywords":"Ursus maritimus; Bay; Arctic; Sea ice; Foraging; Ecology; Snow; Predation; Geography; Climate change; Tundra; Biology; Oceanography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007401844154293139,"gpt":0.209544723924644,"spread":0.2021428797703509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000223157,0.00009023487,0.0001174187,0.00002749352,0.0001281322,0.00002535202,0.0001563804,0.00007161339,0.000644613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004481827,0.00007160096,0.00001592085,0.0001586717,0.00007410419,0.0004420071,0.0005614538,0.0001321782,0.0007883801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002789061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002946888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00499974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3295302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991902,0.00008930747,0.0001271904,0.0002286988,0.00008182342,0.0002828004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997267,0.00004272221,0.00002833101,0.0001524186,0.000003140335,0.00004666823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002577391,0.0000290824,0.9981645,0.000008900292,0.000002485907,0.000002877828,0.0004318191,0.0000677645,0.0001754031,0.00001884549,0.0006970094,0.000375522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002490682,0.0001173884,0.9966642,0.00001751314,0.000002777663,0.000001757307,0.0002372067,0.000132711,0.000006033089,0.0003354657,0.002152964,0.00008291347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933304,0.0003364487,0.000002392625,0.004964582,0.0001291537,0.0003425031,9.190538e-7,0.000009851227,0.0008837072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985564,0.0003548473,0.00003661752,0.0004599856,0.00002718326,0.00006540032,8.969066e-7,0.000005063815,0.000493646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3245304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2340122948","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2130","title":"The relative importance of reproduction and survival for the conservation of two dolphin populations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; PADI Foundation; University of Chicago; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reproduction; Biology; Population; Vital rates; Population model; Wildlife; Ecology; Population growth; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03156466347974115,"gpt":0.2724510405884185,"spread":0.2408863771086774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005222533,0.00003121919,0.00005734444,0.00000444394,0.0002319978,0.000001095771,0.00002936784,0.00001992567,0.00002469781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003360184,0.00001564294,0.00001260881,0.00004873789,0.0003263023,0.00008752689,0.00005572986,0.00001936169,0.000001099056],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003221485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003326326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005704608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01585576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999634,0.00004007173,0.0001273876,0.0001025414,0.00003863384,0.00005736644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994538,0.0003129047,0.0001260362,0.00008460227,0.00001612065,0.000006557405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002812208,0.000007380725,0.9618659,0.00000312684,0.000008482803,1.09057e-8,0.00004841403,0.000008242632,0.0004728502,0.03469712,0.0004947072,0.002365634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001764392,0.00006009968,0.9619616,0.000002588137,0.0000163406,9.64676e-7,0.00003787264,0.0001963563,0.00003766809,0.03597156,0.001518752,0.00001971778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922885,0.0004420253,0.001563412,0.005052603,0.0001113867,0.0002149784,0.000003561805,0.000003278129,0.0003202605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992059,0.0002843756,0.000239255,0.00001656263,0.00001690515,0.00001967981,6.376491e-7,0.00000141811,0.0002152106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0152853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8847887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292947141","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2012","title":"Ten principles from evolutionary ecology essential for effective marine conservation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sustainability; Life history theory; Ecology; Population; Population growth; Context (archaeology); Biology; Conservation biology; Life history; Environmental resource management; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01410394483633576,"gpt":0.2528012341831349,"spread":0.2386972893467991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002469447,0.0002862064,0.0008194337,0.00006631268,0.0003574309,0.000007849785,0.0001280484,0.0004077796,0.0006392029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002012022,0.0002102832,0.0001640321,0.00009064269,0.0002672953,0.0001320543,0.0006937801,0.0001372325,0.0004158678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006469702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005106975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000509475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004705281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984227,0.0002205733,0.0004024381,0.0005636583,0.00007537192,0.0003152324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986035,0.000835588,0.0003207017,0.0001602393,0.00002285389,0.00005718318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001310164,0.0001766833,0.2361818,0.002105911,0.0005109081,0.000008379809,0.00004252397,0.00000239306,0.0000104036,0.002796733,0.02457635,0.7334569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002671104,0.0001351327,0.3944177,0.0001990811,0.0002280144,0.00001537223,0.00000346285,0.00006056151,1.751775e-7,0.003394713,0.6011,0.0001787692],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009537118,0.9782026,0.000652299,0.0006921705,0.002871675,0.00459277,0.0004119124,0.0001345557,0.002904941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00326189,0.9900183,0.0003985704,0.00004733167,0.0005467439,0.001872986,0.0004311113,0.00002596698,0.003397081],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7332782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8575101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508945130","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2316","title":"Climate change is the primary driver of white‐tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) range expansion at the northern extent of its range; land use is secondary","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Quest University Canada","funders":"Alberta Society of Professional Biologists","keywords":"Odocoileus; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; White (mutation); Home range; Ecology; Geography; Physical geography; Environmental science; Biology; Habitat","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01110270272018581,"gpt":0.1961357998163694,"spread":0.1850330970961836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004420542,0.0001234542,0.0001798671,0.00002834445,0.0004031988,0.000003423726,0.0001412596,0.0001721682,0.002089065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000369851,0.00006614754,0.0000622588,0.00009943857,0.0004845432,0.0003474877,0.0002868942,0.00009838514,0.0002004158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001194586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001588245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006923103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004354258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989293,0.0002070524,0.0002465738,0.0002468154,0.0001315083,0.0002387908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992114,0.0002595251,0.0002147405,0.0002492992,0.00002954178,0.00003544326],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002128465,0.00005095056,0.9915589,0.00001521655,0.00001899619,0.000001431291,0.001494135,0.000003516319,0.002044302,0.00002056173,0.002745984,0.00183312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008615517,0.0001188606,0.9965286,0.00002136508,0.00004798295,0.00001046496,0.00003996302,0.00006442711,0.0002381459,0.0001418832,0.001838476,0.00008826821],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922361,0.0003157326,0.00002018462,0.006368758,0.0001950495,0.0004521648,0.00007124788,0.00001194684,0.0003288659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958404,0.0005844328,0.00001986409,0.002417511,0.00004035596,0.00008228569,0.000007140265,0.000008214832,0.0009997885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004969672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987813154","doi":"10.1002/ece3.785","title":"Inferring parturition and neonate survival from movement patterns of female ungulates: a case study using woodland caribou","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Division of Mathematical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates; Killam Trusts; University of Alberta; Canadian Wildlife Federation; Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Ungulate; Woodland caribou; Population; Biology; Offspring; Mark and recapture; Statistics; Demography; Ecology; Mathematics; Pregnancy; Predation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01606422907836753,"gpt":0.2278679886026851,"spread":0.2118037595243175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000161515,0.00007738669,0.000119137,0.00002622104,0.0001782169,0.000009096385,0.00002650897,0.00008891006,0.0003184664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001578315,0.000076899,0.00001130623,0.00004276171,0.00008378041,0.0002166463,0.00008588821,0.00006795328,0.000008402371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006799233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006444229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03301528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02608028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993423,0.0001139223,0.0001657785,0.0001940736,0.00005241894,0.0001314811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997267,0.00007021926,0.00007666337,0.00007701338,0.000009972539,0.00003945708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009937419,0.00008808119,0.9978083,0.000004383117,0.00002120178,0.00002440676,0.0009820135,0.0002784316,0.0005712443,0.00001862137,0.000008450977,0.0001849549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005223613,0.000140938,0.9903976,0.000005552083,0.00003512449,0.00003058536,0.00265918,0.005036086,0.00002298059,0.001071531,0.000002630606,0.00007542619],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992359,0.00003167288,0.0001808164,0.00007623968,0.0001313961,0.000301784,0.000008181624,0.00001029639,0.00002366183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997421,0.00000641205,0.0000951738,0.00007837955,0.0000204825,0.00002666212,0.000009460631,0.000003545057,0.00001778854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007410669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9916912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992135859","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5767","title":"Design patterns for wildlife‐related camera trap image analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC; BC Research (Canada); University of British Columbia; Parks Canada; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Workflow; Software; Software design pattern; Consistency (knowledge bases); Image (mathematics); Trap (plumbing); Software design; Camera trap; Image processing; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Wildlife; Computer vision; Software development; Ecology; Database; Programming language; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314745838452769,"gpt":0.2299678187967118,"spread":0.2168203604121841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000177244,0.00006827348,0.0001173692,0.00003648735,0.0001081144,0.000009505581,0.00005248459,0.00009470752,0.03052478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001324263,0.00006501971,0.00005504328,0.0001798991,0.00007462386,0.0001049588,0.00002827345,0.00004775499,0.0008482275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002168339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003723578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000743265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000288536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994112,0.00004442768,0.0001080775,0.0001994685,0.00005120469,0.0001856791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999763,0.00005009819,0.00004742513,0.00008969335,0.000006680352,0.00004317731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003450202,0.00005080094,0.9903517,0.000004970973,0.00007584714,6.982678e-7,0.0001252641,0.0002810477,0.003334216,0.0004967029,0.00511787,0.000126393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003925994,0.0001037382,0.9926623,7.170447e-7,0.000106448,0.000002604152,0.000280409,0.004959919,0.00006753406,0.0002566871,0.00108325,0.00008382636],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867253,0.00001939312,0.0106381,0.0005464421,0.0001304807,0.0002469403,0.00003665405,0.00002742731,0.001629291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987187,0.00002433584,0.0001292367,0.0002249167,0.000007067112,0.00002919459,0.00009700251,0.000003703074,0.0007658411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02967655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2627004953","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3148","title":"Patterns of seasonality and group membership characterize the gut microbiota in a longitudinal study of wild Verreaux's sifakas (<i>Propithecus verreauxi</i>)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Gut microbiota and health","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Bioinformatics Institute","keywords":"Biology; Gut flora; Lachnospiraceae; Zoology; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes; Seasonality; Context (archaeology); Population; Ecology; Lemur; Primate; 16S ribosomal RNA; Genetics; Immunology; Demography; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02311507211558383,"gpt":0.275778217577838,"spread":0.2526631454622542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003546489,0.0001050041,0.0001983651,0.00002253566,0.0001846977,0.000009950681,0.0001440588,0.0001235738,0.000008254459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000544234,0.000083723,0.00002614824,0.0000242493,0.0001784289,0.000008735679,0.0001632436,0.0001101814,5.295614e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001599951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004162385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001185915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01112925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991896,0.0001362266,0.0002056625,0.0002545582,0.0000401588,0.0001738631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993817,0.00001929678,0.0002069193,0.0003145841,0.00004370433,0.00003383385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001919213,0.0002143757,0.7888495,0.00005247557,0.00003155656,0.000002008294,0.0001834395,2.994677e-7,0.2102334,0.0001413693,0.00003007987,0.00006957265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001206483,0.0006184657,0.996933,0.00002107002,0.00002937118,0.00002581725,0.0002526609,0.000006075947,0.0006589507,0.00006894492,0.0001010038,0.00007809997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989365,0.0002453316,0.000006855015,0.0003206147,0.0001290284,0.0002881907,0.00003301226,0.000001947376,0.00003850256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996597,0.0001474621,0.00001819488,0.00004602013,0.0000499098,0.00001119814,0.00002596053,0.000005608854,0.00003601261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2095745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6210384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1597187406","doi":"10.1002/ece3.45","title":"Body mass explains characteristic scales of habitat selection in terrestrial mammals","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre; Alberta Innovates; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Alberta Innovates; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Foundation for North American Wild Sheep; Alberta Conservation Association","keywords":"Habitat; Ecology; Sympatric speciation; Niche; Adaptation (eye); Spatial ecology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Scale (ratio); Biology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01271413682069252,"gpt":0.204953379307049,"spread":0.1922392424863565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002454052,0.00005970824,0.0001030445,0.00005125443,0.00007403683,0.00000163358,0.00004504975,0.0001402463,0.0003298607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007134752,0.00006154992,0.00001539366,0.0000981832,0.0001712211,0.0001727849,0.00002442478,0.00008040439,0.00007140156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008481405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009796559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001769001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004129086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999386,0.0001054017,0.0001806237,0.0001500076,0.0000378335,0.0001401147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998014,0.00004633853,0.00008383614,0.00004181343,0.000002585036,0.00002404257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001261493,0.000063229,0.992225,0.00000248632,0.00000389565,0.000001773652,0.0001198991,0.000008369164,0.00692919,0.000233596,0.0001601463,0.0001262803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003347321,0.0001747778,0.9951386,0.000003447072,0.000007794237,0.000006922578,0.00003576879,0.0007571049,0.0002100905,0.003248058,0.00002426163,0.00005836771],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983251,0.000007013732,0.0003155364,0.00009839072,0.0002000794,0.0001205358,0.000001254071,0.00001263092,0.0009194766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994993,0.000008837806,0.0003024882,0.0000466758,0.0000279151,0.00002512011,0.00000495018,0.000002832006,0.00008190762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0067191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3611743,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782678828","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3760","title":"Ecological drivers of song evolution in birds: Disentangling the effects of habitat and morphology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"Division of Environmental Biology; University of Oxford; Division of Biological Infrastructure; Royal Society; John Fell Fund, University of Oxford; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Morphology (biology); Ecology; Habitat; Geography; Biology; Zoology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007723371214556675,"gpt":0.2500685948151964,"spread":0.2423452236006398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001665304,0.00005606262,0.0001013405,0.00003613465,0.00007372368,0.000001377181,0.00007078957,0.0001534374,0.000005359746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001662726,0.00004297418,0.00002163284,0.00005755606,0.0006396708,0.000004068296,0.0001082562,0.00006714173,0.000001244779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001716721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002012399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001746544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000659447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994689,0.0001379937,0.0001332625,0.0001305537,0.00002772454,0.0001016185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996875,0.00006368364,0.00007136599,0.0001129973,0.00004458716,0.00001984806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008478905,0.00006408312,0.7040015,0.00001277551,0.000007003053,5.20391e-7,0.00005579328,0.000001326787,0.2945287,0.00106962,0.0000462352,0.00012764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004047993,0.00113276,0.9882308,0.000007907554,0.00001863888,0.000008847924,0.0001954867,0.0001354214,0.009407128,0.0003763547,0.00003712927,0.00004473628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998779,0.0005738013,0.0002126701,0.0001422156,0.00008486384,0.0001268681,0.000001705216,0.0000032337,0.00007564557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996249,0.0001357967,0.0001322864,0.00004240435,0.00002682562,0.00001019369,0.000005981774,0.000002913291,0.00001871164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2851216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2356894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040916997","doi":"10.1002/ece3.426","title":"Intraspecific variation buffers projected climate change impacts on<i>Pinus contorta</i>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Government of British Columbia","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Pinus contorta; Intraspecific competition; Climate change; Variation (astronomy); Pinus <genus>; Ecology; Environmental science; Physical geography; Biology; Geography; Botany; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01862113869511961,"gpt":0.224715325973901,"spread":0.2060941872787814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001393191,0.0001157417,0.0001128042,0.00003613773,0.0002225794,0.0000290078,0.00006295878,0.0001413478,0.0207825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004427383,0.0001045739,0.00002468436,0.0001451493,0.0001355004,0.0002961044,0.00005494516,0.0001000389,0.003976227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005857896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004792772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007259826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001037804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990994,0.0000621092,0.0001444648,0.000245527,0.0001033147,0.0003451219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996591,0.00003470803,0.00007804678,0.0001152841,0.00001521379,0.00009769292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001630567,0.0005130515,0.8860331,0.00003531432,0.00003517836,0.000009405307,0.002662163,0.00001018488,0.02322964,0.01701308,0.06668756,0.003608308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003836876,0.0002006316,0.9970069,0.000004395833,0.000008963727,0.000008725112,0.0004220041,0.0002166848,0.00007017065,0.0002917478,0.001266984,0.0001191279],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98229,0.00003045367,0.00001533326,0.001179546,0.0003670385,0.0004867738,0.00003099504,0.00007785837,0.01552198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988129,0.000161834,0.0000151839,0.0006069693,0.00007346557,0.0001610432,0.00007241672,0.000006665423,0.00008956393],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1109738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1891253590","doi":"10.1002/ece3.274","title":"Consequences of high temperatures and premature mortality on the transcriptome and blood physiology of wild adult sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Genome British Columbia","keywords":"Oncorhynchus; Transcriptome; Biology; Downregulation and upregulation; Zoology; Immune system; Aquatic animal; Homeostasis; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Gene; Physiology; Fishery; Endocrinology; Gene expression; Immunology; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01005000261065142,"gpt":0.2131320569911824,"spread":0.203082054380531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009764388,0.00007775113,0.0001456475,0.000008605873,0.0000994355,0.000001788442,0.00004762293,0.0001171585,0.00005217989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005159074,0.00004391834,0.00001979134,0.00005675409,0.001142652,0.00006730076,0.00003480853,0.0001091345,0.000001363846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007025304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003625859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002339693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006602838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994582,0.0000906628,0.000122253,0.0001433611,0.00005385169,0.0001316814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996862,0.0001300033,0.00006733017,0.00006645427,0.000008419235,0.00004161901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004010157,0.0001088582,0.1081383,0.00001386698,0.00001651144,1.205846e-7,0.000148184,0.000006023932,0.8871552,0.00424625,0.0001032884,0.00002328665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001508511,0.0002061887,0.9316586,0.000007780549,0.00003281356,0.000005577435,0.00006804772,0.00001378905,0.05295038,0.01484893,0.000006303556,0.00005074203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987537,0.0003181131,0.000001620111,0.0006382392,0.00003841464,0.0001078635,0.00002234329,0.0000064237,0.0001133186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995295,0.0001334234,0.00006283585,0.0002194797,0.00002349487,0.00001020872,0.000005886743,0.000001482146,0.00001367029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8342048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4210149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2950239089","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3341","title":"Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Oxford; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Semelparity and iteroparity; Parity (physics); Empirical evidence; Ecology; Physics; Biology; Philosophy; Life history; Epistemology; Particle physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4887797243241596,"gpt":0.3998379155307308,"spread":0.08894180879342883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004167688,0.0001373039,0.001037967,0.00001046324,0.0002764013,0.00001287004,0.0001209462,0.0002978834,0.000004059973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003378601,0.00005493568,0.0001247041,0.00003681803,0.0002834937,0.00007416502,0.0001354485,0.0001086741,4.983057e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001303108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001490008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001725903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004095644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991598,0.0001016101,0.0003025269,0.000235218,0.00004766913,0.0001531565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984552,0.001052595,0.0003746708,0.0000255157,0.00005553982,0.00003648837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000664291,0.00006686633,0.542505,0.004924072,0.0001642444,7.986991e-7,0.00002673096,8.791232e-9,0.0001433759,0.0001958645,0.001398629,0.450508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000715686,0.0003961982,0.8957142,0.001376327,0.0003734109,0.000004893305,0.00001217617,0.000005134988,0.000003714992,0.001304117,0.1006115,0.000126724],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1820131,0.8172788,0.000002390235,0.00007618944,0.00002862999,0.0002939054,0.0002598209,0.000006730614,0.00004044722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.307297,0.69248,0.00002253884,0.000002959226,0.0001075784,0.00002017231,0.00002405066,3.808777e-7,0.00004531974],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4503813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2297549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2564111664","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2615","title":"Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce","keywords":"Blubber; Quantum entanglement; Biology; Ecology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01568395857304628,"gpt":0.2196928847713036,"spread":0.2040089261982574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002121009,0.00006148751,0.00008736439,0.0000176242,0.00005756245,0.000001279884,0.00005107438,0.00004575668,0.01070772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000393703,0.00004684592,0.00001549188,0.00003572091,0.00009864141,0.0001032181,0.0002067335,0.00003890099,0.0005616856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007515299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009107938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005931151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02326152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994065,0.00004662489,0.0001087973,0.0001788537,0.00006238314,0.0001968628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998174,0.00003061465,0.00003698314,0.00007092887,0.000002403651,0.0000417048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001386477,0.00005249143,0.9772468,0.000004891789,0.000004580778,0.000003162526,0.000152119,3.788786e-7,0.0003023904,0.0006811098,0.02062793,0.0009103419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003564918,0.00006683559,0.7992068,0.00000412134,0.000003202284,7.812296e-7,0.00004906525,0.00002062878,0.000005726802,0.0001727459,0.2000614,0.00005221299],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880713,0.0006764734,0.00005034318,0.001188349,0.0001137219,0.0001239391,0.000007601929,0.00001265768,0.00975566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956016,0.0004877138,0.00003455864,0.001110643,0.00001560967,0.00002274388,7.757263e-7,0.000003037077,0.002723352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1794335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050587136","doi":"10.1002/ece3.850","title":"The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype‐dependent dispersal","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Howard Hughes Medical Institute","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Local adaptation; Adaptation (eye); Biology; Ecology; Population; Evolutionary biology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004608052641515483,"gpt":0.2097149346376724,"spread":0.2051068819961569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001138135,0.00006107414,0.00005566744,0.00001562489,0.0001260549,0.000006717397,0.00006008611,0.0001199049,0.00002537089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002372784,0.00004754397,0.00002428543,0.00002756867,0.000215617,0.000003433531,0.00004669842,0.00004916087,0.00002550937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001864189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004285958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001439177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002034972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995078,0.00005758083,0.0001229628,0.0001295676,0.00005144566,0.0001306755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997059,0.00001602254,0.00004986713,0.0001122908,0.0000825312,0.00003340823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006199981,0.0004968703,0.1528011,0.00007570432,0.0004831527,0.000001707968,0.0004626353,0.08558529,0.6041921,0.1111425,0.01330312,0.03083581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003983787,0.0002738371,0.9585257,0.000001703802,0.0000181722,0.00001233899,0.0008163383,0.03571827,0.0007364308,0.002777258,0.0006288889,0.00009271348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8950222,0.0007909612,0.1029523,0.000448072,0.0001733268,0.0001317417,0.000002629065,0.000005241761,0.0004735681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984056,0.0002004132,0.0002838244,0.00009048988,0.00004757318,0.00001712321,0.0000251131,0.000004938837,0.0009249739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8057246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1938787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097582741","doi":"10.1002/ece3.6840","title":"Automated facial recognition for wildlife that lack unique markings: A deep learning approach for brown bears","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Face recognition and analysis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Raincoast Conservation Foundation; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Ursus; Deep learning; Classifier (UML); Landmark; Pattern recognition (psychology); Identification (biology); Facial recognition system; Support vector machine; Embedding; Computer vision; Machine learning; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03680559932852202,"gpt":0.2509601660872971,"spread":0.2141545667587751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002753946,0.0001030669,0.0001738913,0.00008859424,0.0003276374,0.00005527144,0.0001163867,0.000161769,0.0000116262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002099515,0.0001075336,0.00008554372,0.000203036,0.0000456425,0.0002778458,0.00004671271,0.0001133368,0.00001514245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003467501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003396781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005813344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001671063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991067,0.0001067588,0.0001518036,0.0003447676,0.00006163106,0.0002283146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995437,0.000118226,0.0001032759,0.00005818497,0.00009046313,0.00008612721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002349216,0.00147367,0.1877064,0.002393062,0.001865122,0.00002010419,0.01757204,0.02944038,0.01080286,0.02254172,0.08078322,0.6430522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000768953,0.0002360595,0.01343609,0.000006545064,0.00003964978,0.00000660458,0.0001697137,0.9805897,0.000101647,0.001777427,0.002714238,0.000153389],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06278964,0.00004392753,0.9333861,0.002625763,0.00009929808,0.0004065862,0.00001117984,0.0004249972,0.0002125147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9410277,0.00003335926,0.05704144,0.001397214,0.00008566934,0.0001565173,0.000177485,0.000008234009,0.00007237706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9511493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4385093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2781318671","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3737","title":"Comparing the effects of even‐ and uneven‐aged silviculture on ecological diversity and processes: A review","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Forest Management and Policy","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Silviculture; Biodiversity; Ecology; Forest management; Diversity (politics); Geography; Agroforestry; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03617485653562135,"gpt":0.2866602655967406,"spread":0.2504854090611193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003155148,0.0001532648,0.0005508908,0.00002004279,0.0008014649,0.000009124216,0.000166339,0.0001651642,0.00005282042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002907439,0.00008850313,0.00004378875,0.00006784464,0.0004091932,0.0000750869,0.0008940251,0.0001949803,0.00003548732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005216569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008424293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005579628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003560341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992384,0.0001820275,0.0001405986,0.000234094,0.00006746058,0.0001374335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993466,0.0002472392,0.0002265722,0.0001387053,0.000003962243,0.0000369936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005330648,0.0004329614,0.3965944,0.3240408,0.0004125623,0.00004307037,0.001152677,0.000006287058,0.000001051127,0.002328377,0.08177338,0.1931611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001923436,0.0002265962,0.5778042,0.005824155,0.000612698,0.00001574896,0.000003025996,0.000007964094,3.173213e-8,0.0002236158,0.4149425,0.0001471079],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02105878,0.9766652,4.445524e-7,0.0001066634,0.00007761932,0.0008415205,0.000002172019,0.000008508791,0.001239079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06361296,0.9355931,0.000004707312,0.00009377392,0.00002277757,0.00003278539,0.000006450384,0.000003040794,0.0006303534],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3331691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6164301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2744890976","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3178","title":"Honey bee‐collected pollen in agro‐ecosystems reveals diet diversity, diet quality, and pesticide exposure","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Acadia University","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Bee Research Fund; Acadia University","keywords":"Biology; Pollen; Pesticide; Overwintering; Honey bee; Pollinator; Neonicotinoid; Horticulture; Agronomy; Botany; Pollination; Imidacloprid","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05623844589550239,"gpt":0.2478188930170724,"spread":0.19158044712157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003255098,0.00009685397,0.0002270223,0.0000141326,0.001496862,0.00004192565,0.0001241586,0.0001367074,0.00003201836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002012458,0.00004530536,0.00002498706,0.00005220663,0.0001224491,0.0001234272,0.0004426075,0.00008931329,0.000008626937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002935674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003479573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1297567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992303,0.0001102957,0.0001512621,0.0002210485,0.00006664897,0.0002204426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996137,0.0001693699,0.0001136241,0.00002190969,0.00002744463,0.00005394917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001969903,0.00003180719,0.9830631,0.00001032949,0.00001268641,0.000006928844,0.0001081893,1.537961e-7,0.01505806,0.0004245679,0.0009083248,0.000178844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002709956,0.000618636,0.996272,0.00002016006,0.00001115616,0.000005521473,0.000206962,0.00001954359,0.00001269774,0.002265699,0.0001842913,0.0001123206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961448,0.0004425443,2.794916e-7,0.002102814,0.00008794955,0.0001415713,0.00005181628,0.00002166143,0.001006571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999025,0.0002894726,0.000006230275,0.00005650594,0.0001273832,0.000007539806,0.0000103007,3.794784e-7,0.0004771463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1271694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2543952577","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2550","title":"The challenge of separating signatures of local adaptation from those of isolation by distance and colonization history: The case of two white pines","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of British Columbia; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Forest Service; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Parks Canada; Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Washington State University; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Local adaptation; Biology; Population; Adaptation (eye); Locus (genetics); Gene flow; Evolutionary biology; Isolation by distance; Ecology; Genetic variation; Genetics; Gene; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008894966601586873,"gpt":0.222588464239745,"spread":0.2136934976381581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001091229,0.00004233461,0.00007357109,0.00001150434,0.0000596113,7.813324e-7,0.00003217289,0.00008681802,0.000005602305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004333102,0.00002627942,0.00001469197,0.00002326155,0.0002475354,0.000005752399,0.00002190394,0.00002166605,3.907773e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009200779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002097937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009062074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001105264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996179,0.00008465349,0.0001391621,0.00008503841,0.00003183616,0.00004140731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995317,0.00005389662,0.0002298338,0.00007579775,0.00009988036,0.000008870579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001033017,0.00009122871,0.1764582,0.000112145,0.0001834773,0.000001199847,0.003941318,0.006803798,0.7788522,0.01615286,0.002899579,0.01347091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00417224,0.00190583,0.862258,0.0001203154,0.0002987169,0.00002696356,0.004538828,0.03247308,0.07589513,0.01377024,0.004178198,0.0003625014],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9552087,0.004490424,0.03990426,0.0001640572,0.00007472291,0.00007654393,0.00004856057,9.803438e-7,0.00003180364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994515,0.0002897961,0.0001601796,0.000006288912,0.00001592289,0.000001575068,0.00002800357,0.000001806082,0.00004494836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7029571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1071644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792985690","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3807","title":"Count data in biology—Data transformation or model reformation?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Data Analysis with R","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Residual; Transformation (genetics); Statistics; Generalized linear model; Econometrics; Type I and type II errors; Data transformation; Statistical model; Plot (graphics); Mathematics; Computer science; Data mining; Algorithm; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04467150556521438,"gpt":0.3145071598013819,"spread":0.2698356542361676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009627964,0.0000670945,0.0001097367,0.0001512605,0.0001369086,0.00003066429,0.00120444,0.0001015768,0.00001480963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008887113,0.0000525482,0.000005297218,0.0002782202,0.0001037884,0.003209224,0.000553899,0.00008140488,0.00009208815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007479805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001102615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008802972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005594368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999113,0.00007398151,0.0002386684,0.0003373807,0.00006358308,0.0001733838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986525,0.00003525036,0.00007063308,0.001166534,0.00004578063,0.00002926193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004676971,0.0006990912,0.1491435,0.0001479003,0.0002305442,0.00001154188,0.008136614,0.002282688,0.001404968,0.7061658,0.06690027,0.06440943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002636809,0.00006005562,0.0574196,0.000003753435,0.000008345076,0.00001010314,0.00002620776,0.9333215,0.000006564055,0.007211966,0.001600837,0.00006737771],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07124763,0.00004689847,0.925703,0.001837498,0.0001909053,0.0001197364,0.0001266927,0.00005288727,0.0006747296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841953,0.00004857056,0.0145264,0.0002427556,0.00004097273,0.000005199155,0.0009026243,0.000001844602,0.00003636529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9310388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3121788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923297262","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5063","title":"One‐locus‐several‐primers: A strategy to improve the taxonomic and haplotypic coverage in diet metabarcoding studies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Électricité de France; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Locus (genetics); Biology; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Computational biology; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01761577814728696,"gpt":0.2192164085932427,"spread":0.2016006304459557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002289401,0.000102144,0.0001594975,0.00002931275,0.0002067572,0.00001015917,0.00007839444,0.00005456756,0.0001052299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000250667,0.00008611623,0.00001719399,0.00006398249,0.0002850755,0.0001833613,0.0004445348,0.0001102195,0.0003868191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002994005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002083178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002354945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006425934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999252,0.00006381425,0.000111156,0.0002941368,0.00006544053,0.0002134396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997297,0.00008826258,0.00004128026,0.0001045901,0.000001709031,0.00003445219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006943941,0.00003261104,0.991008,0.000008180842,0.00004186957,9.505308e-7,0.0005794782,0.0006334513,0.006591839,0.0001764288,0.0003488717,0.0005088574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003692657,0.0003653876,0.9966825,0.000005263819,0.00002056523,0.000001284309,0.001166389,0.0001333066,0.0001219954,0.0007535506,0.0002737837,0.0001066897],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997734,0.0005262265,0.000018779,0.0005251668,0.0001365695,0.0004191927,0.000005983288,0.00001024489,0.0006238935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986271,0.0004457633,0.0003247142,0.0002443072,0.00001122827,0.00002522674,9.780598e-7,0.000003514404,0.0003171866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006469843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4971905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2753375249","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3313","title":"Do temperate tree species diversity and identity influence soil microbial community function and composition?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université du Québec en Outaouais; Université Laval; Centre de Géomatique du Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université Laval","keywords":"Evergreen; Species richness; Basal area; Biology; Temperate forest; Ecology; Microbial population biology; Deciduous; Ecosystem; Species diversity; Monoculture; Biodiversity; Temperate rainforest; Biomass (ecology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167639712182739,"gpt":0.2237734135535902,"spread":0.2120970164317628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003075175,0.00007032464,0.00009547715,0.00001992498,0.007628496,0.00003869252,0.00007961129,0.00009163671,0.00003903796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004610089,0.00007197313,0.00001036735,0.00001918709,0.001148402,0.0006537559,0.001056069,0.0001574941,0.00001998061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006026189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002495601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007685234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0209106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995146,0.0001192886,0.00007757574,0.0001413109,0.00003820711,0.0001089624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997088,0.00005352958,0.00007948871,0.0001120821,0.00001281218,0.00003333188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000363187,0.00003404171,0.9927306,0.000007061485,0.00001486982,6.383187e-7,0.0005213302,0.00005567053,0.004672429,0.001808897,0.00007162407,0.00004650254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004112826,0.00008853857,0.9847466,0.00000342939,0.00003074348,0.000009755131,0.0001219053,0.000250477,0.00001849777,0.01423585,0.00001061391,0.00007226204],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983784,0.00004223795,0.0001220012,0.0003574261,0.0001471172,0.00007605338,0.00000488244,0.0000133802,0.0008585235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995444,0.0001212437,0.00004280684,0.0001052263,0.00001325978,0.000003261251,0.000003650227,0.00000155567,0.0001645925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02014208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607063755","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2825","title":"Developing approaches for linear mixed modeling in landscape genetics through landscape‐directed dispersal simulations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Waterloo","funders":"U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Parks Canada; Ministry of Natural Resources; World Wildlife Fund","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Pairwise comparison; Selection (genetic algorithm); Ecology; Population; Landscape connectivity; Computer science; Biology; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05713945367095328,"gpt":0.2637204335389618,"spread":0.2065809798680085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001239944,0.00007010768,0.00009208914,0.00002103258,0.0004215647,0.00002005187,0.00008670104,0.00007636604,0.00002558022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004364696,0.00006381675,0.00001727698,0.00003258745,0.00005187269,0.0001371895,0.00009402177,0.00004834078,0.00001013984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004351478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006695155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007205665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002661512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994663,0.00002143949,0.0001107773,0.0001881317,0.00004361171,0.0001697298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997883,0.00003078761,0.00004427508,0.0001129095,0.000003877316,0.00001982719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002060544,0.0000271469,0.8194953,0.000009167346,0.000008449846,5.845311e-7,0.000228176,0.1784886,0.00001825149,0.0006696028,0.0002257049,0.0008084655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003301408,0.00001403567,0.4200921,0.000003673593,0.000007122236,4.192709e-7,0.00006739418,0.5775261,0.000002920992,0.001618333,0.0002814542,0.00005635038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9569588,0.00006351933,0.04084538,0.0007758729,0.000128978,0.0002017161,0.000005059857,0.00002082392,0.0009998156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938375,0.00003744763,0.005887705,0.00004082713,0.00005947644,0.00002204738,0.00002446952,0.000005293607,0.00008521846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3994032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3242378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2595056234","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2805","title":"Coral reef mesopredators switch prey, shortening food chains, in response to habitat degradation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Australian Research Council","keywords":"Coral reef; Reef; Coral reef protection; Mesopredator release hypothesis; Benthic zone; Pelagic zone; Trophic level; Coral reef fish; Biology; Ecology; Predation; Aquaculture of coral; Fishery; Apex predator; Coral; Trophic cascade; Environmental issues with coral reefs; Resilience of coral reefs; Food web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01310980377168682,"gpt":0.2327139218878058,"spread":0.219604118116119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004798283,0.00008316038,0.0001236064,0.00004646473,0.000463456,0.00001984714,0.0001090008,0.00006905323,0.00003026401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002405593,0.00007795758,0.0000163854,0.00005350106,0.00008070214,0.0002440031,0.0003606498,0.00007612934,0.00007886015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001985992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008814414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000394793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05077456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992713,0.00007806731,0.0001376648,0.000239927,0.00006969145,0.0002033502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996591,0.0000443727,0.00006647118,0.0001698833,0.000006500338,0.00005369977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002058558,0.00002723672,0.9955781,0.000003147058,0.000004785499,0.000003046817,0.0001722076,0.0000164415,0.001027179,0.0001593887,0.001560785,0.001241865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000270378,0.0004051652,0.9968659,0.00000909932,0.000005582063,0.000006476294,0.0001092437,0.001009747,0.0000306271,0.0004998035,0.0006958876,0.00009208675],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967391,0.00003247412,0.0001730551,0.001643284,0.0002856662,0.0002265877,0.000002577405,0.00002535766,0.0008718342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987663,0.000008319197,0.0002292113,0.00004514963,0.00002723705,0.00004577938,0.000002853326,0.000004130085,0.0008709911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05037977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9665464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213321610","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8534","title":"Light heterogeneity affects understory plant species richness in temperate forests supporting the heterogeneity–diversity hypothesis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Understory; Species richness; Ecology; Spatial heterogeneity; Temperate forest; Temperate climate; Temperate rainforest; Diversity (politics); Species diversity; Plant diversity; Biodiversity; Biology; Geography; Ecosystem; Canopy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01684233499008176,"gpt":0.2119098416218523,"spread":0.1950675066317706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006355754,0.00009412149,0.0001252364,0.00004978025,0.00196239,0.000005748841,0.0001373957,0.00006096704,0.0001586512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004248479,0.00008126742,0.00003280857,0.0001370034,0.0002058055,0.00009789373,0.00078868,0.0001781427,0.000027132],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004291135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001090672,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005454364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03401691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989682,0.0003289645,0.0001214036,0.0002431087,0.00008601185,0.0002522614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995936,0.0001908035,0.00008856639,0.0000957462,0.000003318789,0.00002795136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002842238,0.00006392827,0.9933552,0.000004685464,0.0000180788,0.00001268814,0.0009724858,0.004267738,0.0004744976,0.0003623019,0.0004244196,0.00001556209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023159,0.00008740956,0.9956339,9.875113e-7,0.0000145263,0.00002991179,0.0006369087,0.001753408,0.00009248249,0.001225935,0.0002010131,0.00009190993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978282,0.00009885088,0.00003736703,0.0008760333,0.000261062,0.0001846123,0.000007852209,0.00001978964,0.0006862766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99951,0.00002212113,0.00001751712,0.0002065677,0.0000130501,0.00004747249,0.000004633984,0.000003838259,0.0001748237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03396237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073908999","doi":"10.1002/ece3.886","title":"Deceptive single‐locus taxonomy and phylogeography: <i>Wolbachia</i>‐associated divergence in mitochondrial <scp>DNA</scp> is not reflected in morphology and nuclear markers in a butterfly species","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Koneen Säätiö; Academy of Finland","keywords":"Wolbachia; Biology; Nuclear gene; Mitochondrial DNA; Nymphalidae; Evolutionary biology; Phylogeography; Biological dispersal; Nuclear DNA; Genetics; Clade; Butterfly; Phylogenetics; Gene; Ecology; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01395159201584481,"gpt":0.1833648306260511,"spread":0.1694132386102062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000179142,0.0001592616,0.000276098,0.00008495131,0.0001522889,0.00004867665,0.00008768439,0.0002996774,0.0001401188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001474349,0.00008898575,0.00002860639,0.0003575992,0.0003332855,0.000228571,0.00009673598,0.0001836547,0.00000871439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006470579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006914635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004011598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02004155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986398,0.0002501715,0.0002804162,0.0003944915,0.00005823822,0.0003769033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999507,0.0002513255,0.0001140654,0.00003165444,0.00003862116,0.00005739497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000441265,0.00006838444,0.5389637,0.000002149003,0.000006300154,0.000003329454,0.0002445101,2.405251e-7,0.4601047,0.0000406819,0.0001922758,0.0003296756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005164786,0.0005442625,0.9962509,0.00002084027,0.000005837932,0.000006182546,0.0007597245,0.00002693495,0.0008424454,0.0006185416,0.0003143821,0.00009348489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984531,0.0001122987,1.536536e-7,0.0006181684,0.0002033215,0.0003862442,0.00002487883,0.00001610137,0.0001856969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992293,0.0001523975,0.00005486374,0.0004023024,0.00006093528,0.00005480899,0.00001489964,0.000001187535,0.00002935119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4592622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W29938095","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4120","title":"Medical Lives in the Age of Surgical Revolution","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Medical History and Innovations","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Division of Environmental Biology; University of Georgia Research Foundation; Canadian Wildlife Federation; University of Guelph","keywords":"Index (typography); History; Medicine; Gerontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02546822715572891,"gpt":0.2403093769562337,"spread":0.2148411498005048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001128471,0.0001014907,0.000228014,0.0001871546,0.0001918186,0.000004927823,0.000126821,0.0003427783,0.002883428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001209347,0.00007279153,0.00004757272,0.0000324305,0.001500885,0.00005520748,0.00002566267,0.0005483138,0.00003943146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001039806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000201154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004834627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004162759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989738,0.0001247298,0.0003765069,0.0001460471,0.0002302299,0.000148648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993391,0.0003536071,0.0001190649,0.0001060367,0.00005305649,0.0000291315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002170318,0.0000629123,0.0001746341,0.00005481105,0.00001055477,0.00006706449,0.00347122,1.161998e-7,2.648873e-7,0.8640967,0.1317943,0.0002457491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002431913,0.0001302377,0.005388336,0.00008681387,0.00002098278,0.00003087527,0.0003000935,0.00001428862,4.976573e-8,0.03221632,0.9614891,0.00007975305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004280825,0.00168698,0.00003278605,0.0008727839,0.0009345733,0.0001756281,0.00001604982,0.00001615476,0.9919842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2715228,0.0005511354,0.00001501885,0.0007553298,0.002248964,0.00002694068,0.0005069519,0.00001346825,0.7243594],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8318804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099324716","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1450","title":"Offspring size at weaning affects survival to recruitment and reproductive performance of primiparous gray seals","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Bedford Institute of Oceanography","funders":"","keywords":"Offspring; Firstborn; Weaning; Biology; Reproduction; Population; Demography; Animal science; Ecology; Pregnancy; Birth order","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03912168171996466,"gpt":0.2591109083792223,"spread":0.2199892266592576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005001737,0.00007581399,0.0001503355,0.00001215641,0.0001170581,0.000002352176,0.00004368311,0.00003786671,0.00004665268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001959379,0.0000699235,0.00001013603,0.00008094504,0.0001074642,0.00008700991,0.000510729,0.00004884817,0.00002790773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002768813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005668255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004825891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003608624,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993057,0.00007020125,0.0001007378,0.0002665697,0.0000917068,0.0001650415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996953,0.00006126591,0.00006091415,0.0001018848,0.000009629759,0.00007099445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008818357,0.00002675029,0.9951106,0.00001710332,0.000009870427,9.472325e-7,0.0005356481,0.000176949,0.001685183,0.00004244284,0.000513474,0.001792794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002049782,0.0004903536,0.9967871,0.00000810473,0.00001163187,0.000008109097,0.0001139417,0.0001331503,0.0003031887,0.00006506945,0.001801828,0.00007251741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963002,0.0001814887,0.000005397352,0.0002973417,0.0001333595,0.0003251095,0.000001038337,0.00001239139,0.00274365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990742,0.000104347,0.0004185447,0.0000597127,0.00002441637,0.00002440801,6.065505e-7,0.000003866472,0.0002898507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003126035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2851397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2946769254","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5248","title":"Phenological mismatch in Arctic‐breeding shorebirds: Impact of snowmelt and unpredictable weather conditions on food availability and chick growth","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"University of Colorado Denver; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Kansas State University; Research Committee, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; University of Missouri; North Dakota State University","keywords":"Snowmelt; Phenology; Ecology; Arctic; Climate change; Predation; Biology; Sandpiper; Brood; Nest (protein structural motif); Trophic level; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009553832389472845,"gpt":0.229468750300533,"spread":0.2199149179110602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002456575,0.00009428931,0.0001723529,0.00004151575,0.000091846,0.000003825779,0.00004346856,0.0002096185,0.001502287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005739328,0.00007730339,0.00002156466,0.00007992305,0.0004965774,0.0001649332,0.00007824989,0.0001730429,0.00004980542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001411616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009772943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001100824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005385346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992626,0.0000783075,0.0001463503,0.0002642301,0.00004665285,0.0002018602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996939,0.0001160855,0.0000500792,0.00008021895,0.000006274473,0.00005348701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005543951,0.0001523249,0.9969862,0.000008754566,0.000008888512,9.595382e-7,0.0002036602,0.00003448192,0.002053606,0.0003838621,0.00006761058,0.00004427594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005681782,0.00143809,0.9917019,0.00000830182,0.00001616826,0.00002040342,0.0001364325,0.0001728267,0.00003838864,0.005819867,0.000003422264,0.00007601466],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984753,0.00003847282,0.000006024261,0.0001609735,0.00006099636,0.000222755,0.00001425401,0.00001236025,0.001008868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997699,0.0000229152,0.00005190602,0.00003655084,0.000008670451,0.00001290458,0.000004787497,0.000003779156,0.00008855031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005436005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993166059","doi":"10.1002/ece3.555","title":"Maternal and environmental influences on egg size and juvenile life‐history traits in Pacific salmon","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Juvenile; Incubation; Fecundity; Oncorhynchus; Egg incubation; Offspring; Life history theory; Ecology; Zoology; Parental investment; Phenotypic plasticity; Maternal effect; Life history; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Population; Demography; Pregnancy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004747573551702649,"gpt":0.1692162310287507,"spread":0.164468657477048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001169401,0.00008901901,0.000110807,0.00003152512,0.0001348834,0.000005450943,0.00003532017,0.00008897497,0.001068682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002491569,0.0000836578,0.000007374055,0.00002062985,0.0004878882,0.0001985248,0.00008192108,0.00008846157,0.0001307248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001310638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002531295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002062032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001132291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999388,0.00005181719,0.0001121947,0.0002291967,0.00004588677,0.00017292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998023,0.0000697521,0.00004059325,0.00003967943,6.553417e-7,0.00004700051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001864412,0.00003548453,0.9934431,0.000005621373,0.000008694508,0.00000280938,0.000307721,0.00001799328,0.0005660598,0.00009744753,0.005245084,0.0002513776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003253279,0.0001608791,0.9969239,0.00000319919,0.000008061701,0.000005235055,0.0003710564,0.0001348816,0.00000649457,0.001133246,0.000843951,0.00008377486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953474,0.000207245,0.000001282291,0.0005799307,0.0001007029,0.0001694168,0.000001633163,0.0000117478,0.003580681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985399,0.0002681982,0.00003897621,0.000474071,0.00001169629,0.00004920048,0.000001068042,0.000003229185,0.000613669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004401134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607572739","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2982","title":"Conceptualising the interactive effects of climate change and biological invasions on subarctic freshwater fish","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Academy of Finland","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Ecology; Climate change; Habitat; Population; Freshwater ecosystem; Trophic level; Ecosystem; Biodiversity; Environmental change; Temperate climate; Food web; Biology; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09997131453722394,"gpt":0.3043818619675605,"spread":0.2044105474303366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002589388,0.0001604217,0.0004884229,0.00003578062,0.0005283137,0.000008682307,0.0001270405,0.0002297293,0.0001062656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002361142,0.00009277142,0.00005754967,0.00003240921,0.001019931,0.00009866644,0.0005563357,0.0002233225,0.00005249583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006885119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000321365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003145585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002108876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990243,0.0002990668,0.0001633179,0.0002731056,0.00003821014,0.0002019696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988712,0.0007157268,0.0002340714,0.0001521179,0.000003748856,0.00002314136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001783329,0.000601516,0.3492932,0.01010859,0.001022485,0.0001015879,0.004933645,0.000001984039,0.000004244056,0.00614271,0.03132714,0.5962846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002139407,0.0004546426,0.7343909,0.0009581927,0.0003541257,0.00001493154,0.00009302751,0.000007260744,4.86494e-7,0.0006729979,0.2626723,0.0001671325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05623792,0.929652,0.000008108013,0.002162668,0.001878518,0.003648406,0.00008058282,0.00005400068,0.00627784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07836466,0.9209986,0.000009139663,0.0003318957,0.00004002871,0.000190472,0.00001288691,0.000004910889,0.00004738082],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5961174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4063416,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791193611","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3742","title":"Improved protocols to accelerate the assembly of <scp>DNA</scp> barcode reference libraries for freshwater zooplankton","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Zooplankton; Biology; DNA barcoding; Barcode; Freshwater ecosystem; Biodiversity; Ecology; Copepod; Crustacean; Environmental DNA; Aquatic ecosystem; Fishery; Zoology; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02415668844345317,"gpt":0.2425853084127348,"spread":0.2184286199692816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001714155,0.00009990506,0.0001213795,0.00001957485,0.0004404631,0.000016224,0.0001873341,0.00009336117,0.0001171054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009021318,0.00007228111,0.00002121764,0.00006687268,0.0006504927,0.000200373,0.0003784447,0.00006230061,0.0001529958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007476539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004319201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006935083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009139992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992698,0.00004707818,0.0001288474,0.0002399424,0.00007656578,0.0002377255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996117,0.0001226707,0.00006876145,0.0001446551,0.000008755779,0.00004344485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009180811,0.00007365079,0.734036,0.00002206515,0.00002834012,3.830702e-7,0.001333525,0.00002017064,0.2167077,0.0003412954,0.04709471,0.0002503497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002767223,0.0007133345,0.924912,0.000006222229,0.00001333785,0.000001299025,0.0002511571,0.0002238388,0.04875048,0.0008042547,0.02400111,0.00004618794],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944078,0.00001074361,0.0003783552,0.0004246072,0.00007617203,0.003456019,0.00005687331,0.00001818361,0.001171222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929633,0.000005925663,0.004473248,0.0003325789,0.00004029963,0.001249832,0.000008598317,0.000005113155,0.0009210688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1908761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3387731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}