{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":15,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":15,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"148269ad2256","filters":{"venue":"Education next"}},"results":[{"id":"W260641312","doi":"","title":"Ticket to Nowhere.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Diverse Educational Innovations Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Population; Recreation; Phone; Immigration; SAFER; Ticket; Medicine; Psychology; Business; Advertising; Environmental health; Political science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04884571540400831,"gpt":0.2677878970392096,"spread":0.2189421816352013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009153237,0.00005844803,0.00004857163,0.00001564639,0.0001611533,0.00005492806,0.00009064246,0.00002003076,0.003558363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002146754,0.00002532907,0.00001922985,0.0005464666,0.0000149045,0.0001077396,0.00001338818,0.00003245992,0.001726899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004157805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005479325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005504097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006739687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995281,0.00002362588,0.00009668123,0.0001405235,0.0001000503,0.0001109816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996242,0.00006792847,0.00002743736,0.00004066069,0.0001802514,0.00005954965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003049125,0.0005172536,0.01413217,0.000002998323,0.00001248405,1.091492e-7,0.0006138075,0.000002861305,0.02949367,0.2054322,0.6530226,0.09676684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000137875,0.00002219517,0.09975987,0.000004423391,0.000002323766,0.000001431495,0.003296391,2.402437e-7,0.0006386123,0.001745737,0.894435,0.00007995874],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8920898,0.00007203251,0.000003208661,0.01072822,0.001106035,0.0001382743,0.000004608607,0.00003305321,0.09582476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811524,0.000005805232,0.001161077,0.002533774,0.0002934301,0.00006260248,0.00002580594,4.733441e-7,0.0147647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2414125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W63180183","doi":"","title":"The Middle School Mess: If You Love Bungee Jumping, You're the Middle School Type.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Education Methods and Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Middle class; Aside; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Law; Literature; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2278007458819631,"gpt":0.4039184240798711,"spread":0.176117678197908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003125217,0.0001586182,0.0001269466,0.00006736028,0.001570293,0.0006167236,0.000842307,0.000129546,0.01245599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005124148,0.0001048413,0.00008740383,0.0006512107,0.0003199039,0.0009468767,0.00005260685,0.0004101282,0.00443317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001547081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002741382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00620579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001667335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974463,0.001092643,0.0003199114,0.0003159485,0.0004348042,0.000390377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973586,0.0008487041,0.0003663252,0.000648916,0.0004818816,0.0002955302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007440455,0.0006951996,0.02258965,0.00003899525,0.0001279241,4.91154e-7,0.3858212,0.000002213599,0.0001509056,0.08600631,0.4293178,0.07517485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004965539,0.00001964525,0.00648594,0.00002607983,0.000034799,8.829854e-7,0.3002605,0.000003672244,0.00006848029,0.008425724,0.6845002,0.0001243782],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2082731,0.01128282,0.0001008663,0.07361616,0.01639557,0.001084193,0.000005154273,0.0001240401,0.689118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6297513,0.005577501,0.01204987,0.007318303,0.008498288,0.0002303845,0.00001943666,0.00007400433,0.3364809],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4214782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1543769136","doi":"","title":"An International Look at the Single-Parent: Family Structure Matters More for U.S. Students.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Parental Involvement in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prosperity; Single parent; Psychology; Academic achievement; Poverty; Ethnic group; Political science; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Developmental psychology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1139878920701601,"gpt":0.4316052673036413,"spread":0.3176173752334813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003656697,0.00009977564,0.00006796704,0.00006413948,0.0003996876,0.0003354955,0.0007214214,0.00005646481,0.0003571957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001044769,0.00008547895,0.00003811082,0.0001426859,0.0001742758,0.0006932945,0.000048688,0.00006181716,0.00007179703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009639928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005307185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001199981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002008528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986915,0.0001025017,0.0001780007,0.0002331438,0.0005985839,0.0001962582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990911,0.00005692009,0.0001395695,0.0002645128,0.0002867332,0.0001611268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000526273,0.001796745,0.1490602,0.00001256764,0.00006161303,1.316642e-7,0.1802246,0.00008542187,0.006450544,0.005627685,0.6355889,0.02103891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002797519,0.00004821142,0.08211882,0.00001934104,0.00002612733,7.734762e-7,0.1631728,0.00002940656,0.0005014949,0.003186104,0.7504244,0.0001927434],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700229,0.0001732019,0.00005112981,0.01715144,0.008643383,0.0005950748,0.00004375271,0.00004579502,0.003273313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861545,0.00001790693,0.0004067447,0.005493532,0.001545757,0.0001471041,0.0006423203,0.00001526061,0.005576851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1148354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3911043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W326405722","doi":"","title":"Teaching Math to the Talented: Which Countries-And States-Are Producing High-Achieving Students?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Mathematics Education and Programs","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medal; Mathematics education; Gold medal; Test (biology); Class (philosophy); Political science; Productivity; Psychology; Mathematics; Economic growth; Geography; Computer science; Economics; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06524623617605807,"gpt":0.3514431238928786,"spread":0.2861968877168206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001391573,0.0001955787,0.0002017795,0.0001034651,0.0004227158,0.0003000493,0.0003799949,0.0000492715,0.000351253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006944349,0.0001437853,0.00003195299,0.0002224013,0.00003076567,0.0002115096,0.000115956,0.000254967,0.0001811216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007389129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001638066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003192801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001517603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985126,0.0001534675,0.0003844404,0.0003280985,0.0003606771,0.0002606644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985132,0.0002247607,0.0002616384,0.0006326776,0.0002203075,0.000147415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004099428,0.002514202,0.02671668,0.001244104,0.0001704898,9.681042e-7,0.4628393,0.00000291214,0.0000727682,0.3787798,0.08965606,0.03796169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001050923,0.000424563,0.08985493,0.002254132,0.000505224,0.0001411904,0.2012374,0.0003489538,0.0006880302,0.1702217,0.5313218,0.001951142],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865021,0.0001963578,0.001483377,0.006800441,0.001082709,0.001049939,0.000005886535,0.0001301851,0.002748991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636785,0.00004002102,0.02691361,0.001516143,0.0004281573,0.000315119,0.00001560277,0.00005405792,0.007038755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4416658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5863393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W57674330","doi":"","title":"A Different Role for Teachers Unions.","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Mathematics education; Political science; Power structure; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Law; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03149115044172363,"gpt":0.3439910937052061,"spread":0.3124999432634825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000172842,0.0000378527,0.00003796534,0.00002794467,0.0003227259,0.00004299971,0.00007630034,0.0000293957,0.0004653241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008045509,0.00003253595,0.00002682399,0.00008029819,0.00003008239,0.0002141999,0.00000722836,0.00002973975,0.0000112323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008388046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001648845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009299121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004120687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999569,0.00004347172,0.00006099105,0.00005799229,0.00008728878,0.0001812694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996901,0.00004215898,0.00002933484,0.00008038786,0.0000429122,0.0001150635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[9.844173e-7,0.0003738356,0.01319149,8.681819e-7,0.000006718894,1.560848e-9,0.03593625,1.360018e-7,0.0002376499,0.8442937,0.03657267,0.06938573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005264101,0.000005202086,0.09636275,0.000002659417,0.000006484792,1.838964e-8,0.02103612,9.97243e-7,0.00005419848,0.001976952,0.8804569,0.00004502814],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9391416,0.0005146091,0.0001922462,0.008296908,0.002364646,0.0003624032,0.000005620999,0.00004652469,0.04907539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771083,0.00002739314,0.0002793127,0.001013925,0.000951617,0.0001004342,0.00001580092,0.000005094241,0.02049812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8438843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5094973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W302125167","doi":"","title":"Primer on Success: Character and Knowledge Make the Difference","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Disadvantaged; Psychology; Poverty; Sociology; Social psychology; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0385187508808728,"gpt":0.3417377762855679,"spread":0.3032190254046951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002267599,0.00005776949,0.00004889701,0.00003208785,0.0004272334,0.0002486653,0.0001458346,0.00003734341,0.00166976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001888981,0.00003949477,0.00001355309,0.000127128,0.0001565199,0.0001038781,0.00001788318,0.00009508119,0.0007711207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004878501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004878186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000500426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001001491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993785,0.0001170788,0.00009387857,0.0001295399,0.0001401317,0.000140841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994381,0.0001916793,0.00002721721,0.0001202329,0.0001244066,0.0000983393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001125077,0.0003044314,0.0130365,0.000008259876,0.000005695762,2.040517e-8,0.06090337,5.642756e-9,0.000108921,0.3245156,0.01802281,0.5830932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003061371,0.000006539004,0.5773125,0.00002458167,0.000003077663,2.213007e-7,0.006734018,0.000001279367,0.0000724834,0.01224128,0.4034972,0.00007620714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8083451,0.0001913174,0.00001541575,0.07626857,0.001726242,0.0002991864,2.567748e-7,0.00003684123,0.113117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9540268,0.00008986636,0.0001658336,0.005000596,0.0004389609,0.0001328159,0.000002831592,0.000004366005,0.040138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.583017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1485960962","doi":"","title":"A Different Role for Teachers Unions? Cooperation Brings High Scores in Canada and Finland","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Work (physics); Industrial relations; Political science; Sociology; Law; Labour economics; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01508542014347618,"gpt":0.274574747142258,"spread":0.2594893269987819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001176078,0.00003908189,0.00004639042,0.00002746249,0.0001780439,0.00004541618,0.0000382276,0.00001852093,0.00008012763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006567542,0.00003484715,0.000005610295,0.00007391666,0.00001860846,0.0001984416,0.000006784497,0.00003078612,4.761196e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002550303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008101788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9554991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.983049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996067,0.00003973292,0.00007329209,0.00006615751,0.00007292043,0.0001412422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997659,0.0000503296,0.00002602126,0.00004553652,0.00003275683,0.0000794384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004628205,0.0001855443,0.7184227,0.000004345221,0.000007326642,2.205015e-8,0.02699991,0.000005331755,0.0003624724,0.1908195,0.01121509,0.05197312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000123242,0.000005391733,0.877458,0.000008556827,0.000003668112,4.386835e-8,0.006941137,0.000008527025,0.00006466388,0.0003369857,0.1149959,0.00005388768],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959413,0.0002316405,0.00001729586,0.002486353,0.0005138392,0.0002032746,0.00000569196,0.000004077991,0.0005965612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996963,0.00004666368,0.00007112577,0.0005738794,0.0002085066,0.00005472916,0.00001829309,0.000003419299,0.002060428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1904826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1437222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W384774588","doi":"","title":"The Great Unknown: Does the Black-White Test-Score Gap Narrow or Widen through the School Years? It Depends on How You Measure. (Check the Facts)","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"White (mutation); Test (biology); Quarter (Canadian coin); Statistics education; Test score; Psychology; Demographic economics; Standardized test; Political science; Economics; Mathematics education; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08801578014514341,"gpt":0.3545098166111238,"spread":0.2664940364659804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002454214,0.0002208791,0.0001531869,0.00003809142,0.002942522,0.001353581,0.001093175,0.0001380348,0.001427703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004500175,0.00008148188,0.0001304266,0.0007584632,0.000639768,0.0004287347,0.00003030265,0.0004566436,0.0007767747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002457003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002831813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002183116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007615701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966703,0.001444179,0.0003003869,0.0003198451,0.0007947482,0.0004705157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964777,0.001713901,0.0003126296,0.001015546,0.0003322184,0.0001479905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001320471,0.0001214961,0.01102572,0.000008767866,0.00004341871,3.120227e-7,0.1886227,0.00001062293,0.00002712568,0.1012562,0.6915628,0.007307668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007837087,0.00002145702,0.007300698,0.00003239959,0.00002313773,0.000003983743,0.1925884,0.000001076208,0.00004278948,0.002494503,0.7972886,0.000124541],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1442932,0.001337289,0.0000112382,0.5926234,0.00614519,0.001776992,0.00001238195,0.00008880447,0.2537115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7909006,0.0003031335,0.00002014665,0.006104609,0.002411362,0.0002324659,0.000003139118,0.0000246957,0.1999999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6466073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W285331495","doi":"","title":"The Mayors' Charter Schools.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Socioeconomic status; Liberian dollar; Academic achievement; Mathematics education; Demographic economics; Disadvantaged; Psychology; Political science; Economic growth; Demography; Sociology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0215132086040006,"gpt":0.3261493125536458,"spread":0.3046361039496452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005361295,0.00003679622,0.00003116809,0.00001805766,0.0008385339,0.0002173166,0.0001978482,0.00003171304,0.000426927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002489752,0.00002661873,0.00002082152,0.0001321671,0.00005428685,0.0002960832,0.000007534045,0.00009495093,0.001937588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003103509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002904159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004065788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006121582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994555,0.00008548897,0.00007271112,0.00007957193,0.000156376,0.0001503912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995711,0.00008624038,0.00003539553,0.0001649826,0.00006937943,0.00007293075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003742038,0.00003333529,0.02055736,0.000002898224,0.000003665674,1.410651e-8,0.008058132,4.795388e-7,0.00005179174,0.07006884,0.5162172,0.3850025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002764327,0.000005152851,0.02270481,0.000005149747,0.000001677309,1.249847e-7,0.004425491,0.00001296363,0.00001939611,0.002296207,0.9704592,0.00004213589],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5021792,0.0005580323,0.00006738264,0.09625974,0.005684651,0.0001981894,4.339819e-7,0.00008792101,0.3949645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9589636,0.0002050243,0.0000711241,0.002088422,0.003745468,0.00003408111,0.000001926498,0.00000406525,0.03488633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4567844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W332442013","doi":"","title":"Underachieving in America: Researchers Document International Gaps, a Journalist Seeks the Cause","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prosperity; Political science; Globe; State (computer science); Achievement test; Economic growth; Standardized test; Mathematics education; Psychology; Law; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1004420069181497,"gpt":0.4516375741318835,"spread":0.3511955672137339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001680298,0.00005827268,0.00006861959,0.0001357587,0.0003963629,0.0004068662,0.0003364628,0.0000357619,0.0008851859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008513927,0.00004653405,0.00003234659,0.0003706645,0.0001337921,0.0003172423,0.00002424121,0.0001900817,0.0001615925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004021223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009867903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01837646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003007438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984077,0.0006699975,0.0002138068,0.0001300979,0.0003749234,0.0002035043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991279,0.0003183206,0.000124506,0.0001756625,0.0001364244,0.0001172493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009569821,0.0002960117,0.06017407,0.00001357561,0.00003450705,3.471622e-7,0.3069193,0.00004926782,0.00009620754,0.3798209,0.1601319,0.09245443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006214836,0.000006423233,0.01625925,0.00003127776,0.000002071526,0.000001193208,0.08452927,0.00001457916,0.0000025574,0.002850019,0.896184,0.00005718823],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4105917,0.0005554837,0.000219491,0.3722991,0.004951806,0.0004393361,0.000001632741,0.00003841292,0.210903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9836676,0.000259448,0.0001326827,0.002450057,0.002069328,0.00005973799,0.000005454839,0.000007034304,0.01134867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7360521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9881603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569238833","doi":"","title":"Underachieving in America: Researchers Document International Gaps, a Journalist Seeks the Cause","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Education in Diverse Contexts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prosperity; Globe; Political science; Academic achievement; International education; Achievement test; State (computer science); Mathematics education; Sociology; Standardized test; Psychology; Law; Higher education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0885078338840517,"gpt":0.4261849004652598,"spread":0.3376770665812081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001597156,0.00006892461,0.00006906484,0.0001569864,0.0004683555,0.0004373012,0.0005195015,0.00003968068,0.002111002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001975964,0.00005991725,0.00003607461,0.0004019058,0.0002423661,0.0004866737,0.00004992749,0.0002543735,0.0002489728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006542475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001061938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005713112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002526084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982219,0.0006765266,0.0002071355,0.0001746018,0.0004921624,0.0002276828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988356,0.0004807348,0.0001300318,0.0002151666,0.0002145062,0.0001240113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002161891,0.0005426161,0.06998496,0.00001212309,0.00006142309,0.000001078521,0.2223766,0.0001170174,0.0001187886,0.2748797,0.2350588,0.1968254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001109399,0.000008859724,0.02509243,0.00003940788,0.000004786066,9.590859e-7,0.08670765,0.00003227947,0.000005543394,0.006362734,0.8815491,0.00008531172],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3263332,0.0007975287,0.0003995926,0.3924523,0.008701328,0.0006216484,0.000001955599,0.00006916084,0.2706233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839034,0.0003394701,0.0003041154,0.002357809,0.001063495,0.00006415615,0.000006808859,0.000008137183,0.01195258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6575702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W222945788","doi":"","title":"The International Experience: What U.S. Schools Can and Cannot Learn from Other Countries","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Copying; Reading (process); Political science; Mathematics education; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03378722708686018,"gpt":0.3466622125964324,"spread":0.3128749855095723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002748026,0.00004879398,0.00003731178,0.00001942272,0.0006384961,0.0007780504,0.00019264,0.00003684284,0.0008721079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001429393,0.00003749153,0.00001164099,0.00007222554,0.0001305152,0.001589005,0.00001775888,0.00008835753,0.0001296236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008272319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003926512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01169167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006782329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993848,0.00004257761,0.00008239794,0.00008479416,0.0002369394,0.0001685397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995684,0.0001008645,0.00004939319,0.0001020089,0.00008003008,0.00009929269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001187972,0.00003696664,0.6346118,0.000001436027,0.00001402609,3.221847e-8,0.1854865,3.761209e-7,0.00009293696,0.008476768,0.05619262,0.1150746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003274703,0.00000180398,0.04784544,0.00001382066,0.000001977535,1.837208e-7,0.1230667,0.000002096312,0.0000829886,0.0002919123,0.8286117,0.00004855116],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9502529,0.00651962,0.000002338135,0.0318559,0.004697665,0.00008111371,0.000003304761,0.00001836867,0.006568776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817162,0.004063019,0.00004324687,0.002853234,0.003487827,0.00004980985,0.000004724388,0.000004809159,0.007777105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7724191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W255866508","doi":"","title":"Lost Opportunity: Increased Economic Growth, Fueled by Improvements in Student Performance, Might Have Funded the Nation's Entire K-12 Education Budget by Now. (Feature)","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Economic growth; Quarter (Canadian coin); Economics; Quality (philosophy); Natural experiment; Demographic economics; Political science; Accounting; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01929044478800088,"gpt":0.3016371913433549,"spread":0.2823467465553541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009826755,0.0001922696,0.0001580858,0.0001619729,0.0006381595,0.0003087329,0.000435719,0.0001401567,0.001358368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000154949,0.0001748277,0.00005145761,0.000278422,0.0001082004,0.001132096,0.00002382233,0.0002786618,0.0003477205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007138475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003026112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00411294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006645404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982815,0.0003032855,0.0003323494,0.0003328273,0.0003849313,0.0003650637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989313,0.0001056513,0.0002548864,0.0003039082,0.0001754014,0.0002288401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000205333,0.0008870827,0.369695,0.00003400786,0.00002302142,8.103487e-8,0.006815561,0.000001211096,0.0004678025,0.001557033,0.6078686,0.01263005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007679544,0.00005790328,0.07933456,0.00004920513,0.00003506157,0.000001125577,0.02258167,0.00003561618,0.001771007,0.0005564145,0.894399,0.0004104431],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9226798,0.0006184196,0.000002427184,0.006091736,0.002215617,0.0007328852,0.0000173697,0.00002571554,0.06761605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9542027,0.001190003,0.0000344247,0.002648844,0.0006714386,0.0002497338,0.0002805176,0.00001832132,0.04070399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2903605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W292359677","doi":"","title":"Academic Freedom: The Typical Urban School District's Personnel and Budgeting Systems Leave Principals without Much Say in Hiring Teachers or Allocating Resources. the Decentralization Movement May Just Change That","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"School district; Decentralization; Literacy; Economic shortage; Sociology; Mathematics education; Political science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Government (linguistics); Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1007835837065028,"gpt":0.3521139001668923,"spread":0.2513303164603895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001483018,0.0001347315,0.0001214419,0.00006901192,0.000942715,0.0003170173,0.0003422802,0.0001257197,0.00004455323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006858684,0.00008564571,0.00002565866,0.0004450329,0.0001506549,0.0005446894,0.00004909544,0.0004486581,0.00001905167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004967294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003796232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008620155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003540277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984359,0.000270131,0.0002691234,0.0002563018,0.0004035474,0.0003649924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992387,0.0001698126,0.0002048471,0.000193015,0.00006028602,0.0001333023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002216535,0.00004458823,0.6744503,0.00003801158,0.00001102489,2.743137e-7,0.316825,0.0002970367,0.00006600856,0.002003818,0.001150635,0.005091085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004619233,0.00002201673,0.4069028,0.0004748995,0.00003326084,0.000002798986,0.5546904,0.0008272651,0.00003683014,0.00005830689,0.03624335,0.0002461198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821235,0.002493271,0.00006461038,0.01292291,0.0006653467,0.0008436701,0.000001384188,0.00004141689,0.0008439195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943936,0.0007810798,0.00006621576,0.001103943,0.002300469,0.0002477335,0.000007346194,0.00001499057,0.001084617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2675475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W350228331","doi":"","title":"Best Practices Are the Worst: Picking the Anecdotes You Want to Believe","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education next","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Excellence; Credibility; Public relations; Best practice; Variable (mathematics); Marketing; Sociology; Political science; Business; Law; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08937572981760777,"gpt":0.3989607751638072,"spread":0.3095850453461995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009648051,0.00008388584,0.00006548178,0.0000309283,0.001178047,0.000279932,0.0003478253,0.00003927717,0.0006347496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001000427,0.00005125808,0.00002858908,0.0004411998,0.00008277201,0.0006185719,0.00003526204,0.0001230827,0.001228131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001718093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00100248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003731535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001227569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988213,0.0001749683,0.0001564155,0.0001380571,0.0004061029,0.0003031349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987634,0.0003379511,0.000342203,0.0002545868,0.0001625856,0.0001392798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004717253,0.0004388236,0.1948387,0.00000682864,0.00001997488,9.857641e-8,0.4872022,0.000003696608,0.00005874639,0.02896332,0.2431581,0.04530477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001555024,0.000003774058,0.1168057,0.00002209036,0.000008441331,7.393667e-7,0.1329173,1.215772e-7,0.00005930783,0.000199098,0.7498978,0.00007010245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6449171,0.002362437,0.0000302357,0.3025432,0.006008995,0.0005174396,0.000001738436,0.00003846077,0.04358039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9564555,0.0002056747,0.0005093769,0.006598876,0.002762149,0.0001580519,0.000002665475,0.000008261335,0.03329941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5067397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}