{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":13,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":13,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"78050a3ea53a","filters":{"venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2183389998","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa119","title":"Subsurface Stormflow","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Subsurface flow; Surface runoff; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Antecedent moisture; Geology; Soil water; Terrain; Groundwater; Soil science; Runoff curve number; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Markus Weiler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeffrey J. McDonnell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ilja van Meerveld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Taro Uchida","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007576738066764022,"gpt":0.2272883192495839,"spread":0.2197115811828199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004011468,0.0002501059,0.0003558953,0.00005992845,0.0001007565,0.00001439496,0.0007730053,0.000423539,0.1250082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004828555,0.0001453226,0.0001173819,0.0003789144,0.001363952,0.00006981043,0.0002901574,0.0002475796,0.001678115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003419214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002083032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004178867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003101017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980434,0.00006239551,0.000265689,0.0005484921,0.000652266,0.0004277637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999338,0.00005883511,0.0002369841,0.0002274851,0.000002383841,0.0001362794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000130423,0.000188603,0.02869704,0.00001485999,0.00002626875,0.00002503472,0.0001015276,0.002661434,0.00006333583,0.0002445381,0.9344186,0.03354568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001100718,0.0001872761,0.002661486,0.00002368394,0.0000183381,0.000005147159,0.000007289711,0.0002559888,0.0000118439,0.0001802004,0.9962976,0.0002411032],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01211253,0.001274297,0.00001578848,0.0002735262,0.0003529146,0.0001833926,0.00001288932,0.0001201972,0.9856545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02400563,0.008018487,0.003713716,0.000204625,0.0003469486,0.00001060451,0.000005992462,0.00008149027,0.9636125],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1233301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1935965735","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa171","title":"Mass and Energy Balances of Glaciers and Ice Sheets","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Glacier; Snow; Energy balance; Albedo (alchemy); Atmospheric sciences; Ice stream; Radiative transfer; Geology; Cryosphere; Environmental science; Climatology; Geomorphology; Physics; Sea ice; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01054760394664948,"gpt":0.2094472182638458,"spread":0.1988996143171964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002205584,0.00016221,0.0003579631,0.00005274567,0.000105923,0.00001434268,0.0002388608,0.000131749,0.005665211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006746958,0.0001028133,0.00003697932,0.0002663294,0.001365978,0.00006504149,0.00003399606,0.00006750274,0.000003108237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.944993e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000268349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00250156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002652817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988645,0.00004101037,0.0002305869,0.0003467099,0.0002836763,0.0002334941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993563,0.0002392341,0.0002193693,0.00008750475,0.00001163361,0.00008590757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000201545,0.00003523972,0.7443793,0.00008410421,0.00005780405,0.00000694711,0.0001847061,0.0004138337,0.00001036662,0.001483091,0.03098666,0.2223377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001265061,0.0003554362,0.2028088,0.00003936143,0.00002703394,0.000003135458,0.0001588174,0.00133406,0.000002389782,0.000696733,0.7942414,0.0002064011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03140686,0.0300473,0.00002306395,0.0003149394,0.0002202113,0.00006543791,0.00007177939,0.00002734314,0.9378231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5020293,0.3068266,0.01845735,0.0007297321,0.0009560981,0.000007912766,0.00004840103,0.00003537229,0.1709093],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7669138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9952437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1575412300","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa120","title":"Isotope Hydrograph Separation of Runoff Sources","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrograph; Surface runoff; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Identification (biology); Catchment hydrology; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Drainage basin; Drainage; Stable isotope ratio; Geology; Geography; Ecology; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Jim Buttle","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009621391545755722,"gpt":0.2499508160835565,"spread":0.2403294245378008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005322535,0.0002773321,0.0005001827,0.0001692579,0.0001321941,0.000007920222,0.0007366819,0.0002745706,0.01739897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005210934,0.0001886483,0.0001431445,0.0004874318,0.002966727,0.0001079182,0.0004350107,0.000146273,0.0003492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001311123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000828086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004142857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002980245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979758,0.0001121227,0.000414993,0.0005686154,0.0005327753,0.0003956392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991543,0.00008298771,0.0004580383,0.0002342418,0.000004008441,0.00006643472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007454643,0.0009557206,0.3404503,0.0001381089,0.0002611607,0.00002249648,0.001055067,0.01290475,0.0003798922,0.00239623,0.6122604,0.0291013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000176406,0.0005029691,0.006249239,0.00003149048,0.0000620289,0.000001443269,0.00003428392,0.0002976421,0.00009931847,0.001165448,0.9910923,0.0002874231],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05165409,0.0007588302,0.00003981779,0.0003702129,0.0001739506,0.0003227758,0.00001015108,0.00008111675,0.9465891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5677702,0.01356457,0.003473747,0.0005137327,0.0003908028,0.00008456181,0.00002058703,0.00009636969,0.4140854],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5325037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1886966985","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa169","title":"Hydrochemical Processes in Snow‐Covered Basins","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Meltwater; Snowmelt; Snowpack; Environmental chemistry; Weathering; Leaching (pedology); Chemistry; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil water; Geology; Geochemistry; Soil science; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"John W. Pomeroy","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. G. Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martyn Tranter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gro Lilbæk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0174068024635753,"gpt":0.2329570127849961,"spread":0.2155502103214208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002625521,0.0002539041,0.0004590716,0.0001058707,0.00009376798,0.00002200104,0.0006223177,0.0002530781,0.03105747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005470344,0.0001706952,0.00007258866,0.001004972,0.0007269757,0.00009253978,0.00004659647,0.0002057081,0.0001365689],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005515687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000143365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001886944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02537848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980933,0.00004735775,0.0003825523,0.0005417669,0.0004769862,0.0004580214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990815,0.0004213888,0.0002283265,0.0001528299,0.00001786414,0.00009811726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003263799,0.0002397908,0.8022454,0.0001495692,0.00003440456,0.00003108098,0.000289602,0.002447819,0.000004298913,0.0001378291,0.1506183,0.04376918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001715965,0.0002050627,0.1050728,0.0001076202,0.00001323336,0.00000298993,0.00007260698,0.000586903,0.000005199086,0.0003463253,0.8931209,0.0002947629],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03654335,0.007917359,0.000009924435,0.0004314514,0.0002594041,0.0002450339,0.0001438152,0.00007629524,0.9543734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4395534,0.09143259,0.01473292,0.001759187,0.003173706,0.00004076964,0.0003498758,0.0001106559,0.4488469],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7425026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924058,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1510453933","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa076","title":"Measuring Soil Water Content","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Reflectometry; Ground-penetrating radar; Water content; Metre; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Radar; Neutron probe; Soil science; Time domain; Geology; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Neutron; Physics; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"G. C. Topp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ty PA Ferré","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03359257609328145,"gpt":0.2219830800916187,"spread":0.1883905039983372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004471655,0.0002683299,0.0003796294,0.00007584304,0.0001192435,0.00001871789,0.0005572351,0.0002884261,0.0108477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005507642,0.0001384944,0.0001310254,0.0001662827,0.001387415,0.00006596292,0.0003273743,0.0002086207,0.001149724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003909032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001043677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001566323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001639639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978074,0.00007707776,0.000297073,0.0005858189,0.0007129102,0.0005197537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999456,0.0000459281,0.0001527258,0.0002192791,0.00000399204,0.0001220924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004276826,0.0006032609,0.04631962,0.00007767386,0.000110183,0.0001576776,0.001042353,0.006101569,0.007019815,0.0001601114,0.4220881,0.5162768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001701909,0.0001798034,0.009029045,0.00006254349,0.00003021894,0.00001171957,0.0000338347,0.0001878512,0.001198586,0.0001962899,0.988498,0.0004018743],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04297403,0.0005165886,0.00001567711,0.0003948792,0.0004069536,0.0001690194,0.000001294369,0.0001049911,0.9554166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3665541,0.001622105,0.002246908,0.0005244327,0.0008023342,0.000003783449,0.000005226289,0.00009841708,0.6281427],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5664099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1738957303","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa177","title":"River‐Ice Hydrology","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Fluvial; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Geology; Geomorphology; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"Terry D. Prowse","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009928580902159891,"gpt":0.2215715497436434,"spread":0.2116429688414835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004607811,0.0003024827,0.000504399,0.0001943812,0.0001509825,0.00001498194,0.0009096128,0.0004122212,0.06513385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001167792,0.0002007922,0.0001324662,0.0003510686,0.002322876,0.00009445733,0.00005741336,0.0003089086,0.0009199082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003756882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001010281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002087381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001522535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978201,0.0001274801,0.0003529838,0.0005990569,0.0005204669,0.0005799477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989487,0.0003021146,0.0003494647,0.0002235437,0.00001326129,0.0001629423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007859963,0.0002438482,0.4545447,0.0001418091,0.0001455933,0.0001489188,0.0004919446,0.0037105,0.000002935632,0.003140388,0.2192314,0.3181193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001588164,0.0005363979,0.02114856,0.0000353989,0.00004176434,0.00002774259,0.00003737367,0.003839523,5.432771e-7,0.001709116,0.972107,0.0003577736],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01098413,0.001178337,0.00006105627,0.0004753041,0.0005835596,0.0001871237,0.0000950006,0.0001257239,0.9863098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.325319,0.01884975,0.01599037,0.001722644,0.002303239,0.000004635509,0.0001631929,0.00006750568,0.6355797],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7528756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1601762308","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa091","title":"Suspended Sediment Transport – Flocculation and Particle Characteristics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Flocculation; Sediment; Porosity; Sedimentation; Particle (ecology); Extracellular polymeric substance; Sediment transport; Matrix (chemical analysis); Particle size; Flux (metallurgy); Chemical physics; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Environmental engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Chromatography; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Ian G. Droppo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007320658899599984,"gpt":0.2157586056175398,"spread":0.2084379467179398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003360291,0.0001808841,0.0002856283,0.00003116582,0.00006994714,0.00001094985,0.0002405415,0.0001582914,0.01724016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002382334,0.0001296669,0.00004648267,0.000172197,0.000423328,0.0000737781,0.0001327888,0.00009109919,0.0001390995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002901121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009722807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003157017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001212098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985559,0.00004006195,0.0002900262,0.0004203202,0.0004104713,0.0002832369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995047,0.00004175182,0.00019953,0.0001389245,0.000002192312,0.0001128446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003387947,0.000312706,0.9362598,0.00007554796,0.00002774614,0.00003179168,0.000284597,0.0007947589,0.0002524808,0.0007264297,0.01342591,0.04777434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003631114,0.000443608,0.2948367,0.00006613637,0.00006293628,0.0000115316,0.00003236784,0.01722931,0.00002429872,0.0004424099,0.6859176,0.0005700196],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3323666,0.0001001222,0.00005472082,0.000155225,0.0001759855,0.0002535072,0.00003038794,0.00006020296,0.6668033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9242313,0.0008838033,0.0009428836,0.00005955994,0.0001512398,0.00001324368,0.00001882235,0.00003509724,0.07366409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6724917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9836582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911767756","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa178","title":"Permafrost Hydrology","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Baseflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Surface runoff; Environmental science; Water table; Active layer; Snowmelt; Surface water; Infiltration (HVAC); Subsurface flow; Temperate climate; Groundwater; Geology; Streamflow; Snow; Geomorphology; Drainage basin; Ecology; Geography; Oceanography; Layer (electronics)","authors":[{"name":"L. D. Hinzman","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. L. Kane","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ming‐ko Woo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02582817150414038,"gpt":0.2535691455629602,"spread":0.2277409740588198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004174054,0.0003386749,0.0005661819,0.0002628316,0.0001339621,0.00002768971,0.0008690667,0.0004718625,0.3520824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006644081,0.0002254825,0.0001488209,0.0003891429,0.001332499,0.00008872266,0.000055045,0.0002701133,0.001768297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000294562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006245208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003265448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02374412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977345,0.0001179424,0.0003728357,0.0006414748,0.0005003348,0.0006328742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990072,0.0002338826,0.0003103318,0.0002517127,0.00001269465,0.0001841883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002980128,0.00009044059,0.4900547,0.000066459,0.00003462741,0.00006433429,0.0001772937,0.0003238495,0.00002354862,0.0002090308,0.4750256,0.03390038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001367717,0.0004144397,0.03047607,0.00003349851,0.00002341959,0.00002286458,0.00002587511,0.0006661519,0.000002984112,0.0002253996,0.9676497,0.0003228054],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008992087,0.007112192,0.000002283745,0.000524935,0.0007165378,0.0002196884,0.003055062,0.0001191034,0.9792581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04993064,0.05817869,0.001387136,0.002816798,0.005933405,0.00001291223,0.004116266,0.0001294869,0.8774947],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4926242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1484141751","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa127","title":"Snowmelt Runoff Generation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Snowmelt; Surface runoff; Hydrograph; Meltwater; Streamflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Snow; Infiltration (HVAC); Drainage basin; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Geomorphology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Ming‐ko Woo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02725997394361463,"gpt":0.2389829125616184,"spread":0.2117229386180038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002658959,0.000193726,0.000305436,0.00006348149,0.000184993,0.00002461139,0.0004196044,0.0001864426,0.07005006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008976045,0.0001249846,0.00008647412,0.0003925682,0.0005330713,0.00006915912,0.00002793402,0.0001184114,0.00032008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002628124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005053039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002026455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008685861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985452,0.00004995767,0.000273049,0.0004062116,0.0004159095,0.0003097261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994321,0.0001045867,0.0002184753,0.0001490737,0.0000151765,0.00008053532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004541571,0.00005210729,0.1091389,0.0000171342,0.00003253954,0.00000660057,0.00007722405,0.003069339,0.000004464206,0.0005070929,0.7443548,0.1427352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006514718,0.0001812937,0.04927811,0.00001221297,0.00001558423,0.000001486914,0.0000233721,0.002943394,0.000001290591,0.0001093887,0.9471909,0.0001777737],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008045245,0.008438697,0.00004498412,0.0004414298,0.000757302,0.0001863155,0.00007283351,0.00008779011,0.9819254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04392548,0.04401912,0.01920332,0.001228653,0.006420159,0.00001216931,0.0002756855,0.00005186547,0.8848636],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2028361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2188981592","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa173","title":"Subglacial Drainage","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Geomorphology; Drainage; Drainage system (geomorphology); Ice stream; Aquifer; Rock glacier; Cryosphere; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater; Oceanography; Sea ice; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01655113971512645,"gpt":0.2324794311372567,"spread":0.2159282914221302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002870843,0.0002051273,0.0003518369,0.00006770654,0.0001760759,0.00002099977,0.0005492056,0.0001919536,0.078189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001199754,0.0001323407,0.0001052619,0.0004511813,0.0008686154,0.000058565,0.00003827678,0.000141201,0.0003732289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002282374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005132305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001755079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01026944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984769,0.00004970719,0.0002601552,0.0004066947,0.0004327278,0.0003737728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993607,0.0001731565,0.0002153299,0.0001476007,0.00001147775,0.00009170564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001567556,0.00008483497,0.2753784,0.00003963447,0.00004857486,0.00002472111,0.0001789067,0.0009449752,9.112597e-7,0.002029167,0.5571086,0.1641455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007242811,0.0001838289,0.09089205,0.00001514783,0.00001406374,0.00000150531,0.00004279673,0.0002563349,2.604187e-7,0.0005041838,0.9078397,0.0001776832],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003947028,0.005449706,0.00001886827,0.0003901736,0.0005681631,0.0001747578,0.00006823836,0.00009971024,0.9892834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04865641,0.01518103,0.008494203,0.0008724665,0.003276521,0.000007273252,0.00009165149,0.00004440831,0.923376],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.350731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9226537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1943065245","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa004","title":"Fundamental Hydrologic Equations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Conservation law; Conservation of mass; Conservation of energy; Momentum (technical analysis); Energy conservation; Energy–momentum relation; Flow (mathematics); Eulerian path; Acoustic theory; Fluid dynamics; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Mathematics; Calculus (dental); Physics; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Engineering; Lagrangian","authors":[{"name":"Roger Beckie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01316570603620991,"gpt":0.2350033809723285,"spread":0.2218376749361186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002437992,0.00028021,0.0003946302,0.0002273141,0.00007214655,0.00001884729,0.0005547674,0.0003590914,0.0121585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005051059,0.000203328,0.00013612,0.000352702,0.0006003436,0.00005862862,0.00006942166,0.0002249781,0.0003824598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002111424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000241703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000256194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004390685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985278,0.00004116693,0.0003075319,0.000332751,0.0003799392,0.0004107787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995146,0.0001034467,0.00007894347,0.0001950348,0.000006503679,0.0001014191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001752222,0.0005660246,0.004256084,0.0002734155,0.000269534,0.00007010661,0.0003128959,0.01120197,0.003024805,0.01309129,0.9070781,0.05983818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001794994,0.0001989621,0.00007355084,0.00003105795,0.00003242028,0.000004309923,0.00001039613,0.01037255,0.0000756251,0.000488775,0.98819,0.0003428726],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00422366,0.005313909,0.00058648,0.00008552965,0.0005634255,0.0002179497,0.0000420003,0.000573509,0.9883935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6943462,0.02414976,0.01075453,0.0003980327,0.00273356,0.0001684364,0.0001148511,0.0004749792,0.2668597],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7215338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9887445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1960375843","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa146","title":"Numerical Modeling of Unsteady Flows in Rivers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Classification of discontinuities; Finite volume method; Flow (mathematics); Benchmark (surveying); Set (abstract data type); Basis (linear algebra); Finite difference; Applied mathematics; Unsteady flow; Data set; Computer science; Mathematics; Calculus (dental); Mechanics; Geology; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Bommanna G. Krishnappan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mustafa S. Altinakar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008962546308180335,"gpt":0.2245721072136906,"spread":0.2156095609055103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000176105,0.0001634419,0.0003532142,0.0002167819,0.00001425708,0.000004953477,0.0003476289,0.0001690898,0.0004220915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002908908,0.0001320762,0.00007238016,0.0003624573,0.0001368459,0.00003589821,0.00004296643,0.0001600423,0.000009051477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000259263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003036945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001277324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000164961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988972,0.0000215732,0.0003369974,0.0002280459,0.0002994874,0.0002166888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997137,0.00007641951,0.00006278654,0.00009093148,0.00001024921,0.00004592892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001459176,0.00002821193,0.0004301608,0.00002436918,0.000006572988,0.000002573201,0.00002274994,0.99538,0.000008561458,0.0008895674,0.0003821014,0.00282371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008856678,0.00004913308,0.0001537156,0.00005152381,0.000004853357,8.838471e-7,0.000005742632,0.9934244,3.892628e-7,0.0006541844,0.00542458,0.0001420808],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06535804,0.001392085,0.007430888,0.00003734028,0.0003377866,0.0001626839,0.00002926833,0.0001109681,0.9251409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799991,0.003086487,0.01247996,0.00001568951,0.000159253,0.000007071682,0.0000154237,0.00006714979,0.004169917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.920971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5385911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1591252944","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa028","title":"Weather Patterns and Weather Types","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Weather patterns; Tourism; Meteorology; Weather forecasting; Atmosphere (unit); Environmental science; Computer science; Quality (philosophy); Geography; Climate change; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Ian G. McKendry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01377479659560807,"gpt":0.2417573825098209,"spread":0.2279825859142129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004080089,0.0002188266,0.0003049206,0.00005075909,0.00007115426,0.00001692836,0.0004170125,0.0002581919,0.08534703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004805133,0.0001417504,0.00006169552,0.0001469044,0.001164537,0.00007344917,0.0003213158,0.0001371794,0.0003378656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000181546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009225242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001088049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006790916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984616,0.00006906305,0.0002161361,0.000572315,0.0003598932,0.0003209725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994531,0.00009307494,0.000144163,0.0002058829,0.000001884902,0.0001018445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005528622,0.001403171,0.5478932,0.0002041323,0.0001090938,0.00004007296,0.00166639,0.002672514,0.0004537817,0.004945425,0.322494,0.1180629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001206907,0.0001991512,0.005512702,0.00003814916,0.00002442295,0.000004513105,0.00001882915,0.0006390623,0.000006429953,0.001333747,0.9918233,0.0002789596],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.06190296,0.0004315366,0.00003018151,0.0004110249,0.0001095672,0.0002027615,0.00002980678,0.00006891625,0.9368132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1779023,0.01258286,0.004381628,0.000887294,0.0004994686,0.00004731872,0.000007850239,0.0001409974,0.8035503],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6693293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9154891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}