{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":98,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":98,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"7b520331e774","filters":{"venue":"Energy Science & Engineering"}},"results":[{"id":"W4200307627","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1043","title":"Effects of different environmental and operational factors on the PV performance: A comprehensive review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Photovoltaic system; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Electricity generation; Electricity; Solar energy; Environmental economics; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Waste management; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01549171667031942,"gpt":0.2386294352766,"spread":0.2231377186062806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001336335,0.0003591932,0.0009225531,0.0001766778,0.0001241608,0.00004190229,0.0004005448,0.00008564581,0.00005303693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009612191,0.000220671,0.000150327,0.0003429611,0.000151266,0.0001179952,0.0001807173,0.0001685129,0.000001962301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001861096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008154692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001833044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.186542e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983749,0.00008330923,0.0004228684,0.0003792877,0.0005142635,0.000225412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989746,0.0003988361,0.0001766764,0.000340054,0.0000309296,0.00007891726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003341755,0.0003357855,0.00003602983,0.04598906,0.0006308414,0.00003209318,0.0004664848,0.02008947,0.01812322,0.5545719,0.0004416915,0.3592801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004733704,0.00004948196,0.00005702829,0.02913739,0.0001225809,0.00002001222,0.000007225789,0.0009708157,0.01392131,0.000001107698,0.9553452,0.0003205762],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001007881,0.9980522,0.0002707732,0.00000422507,0.0001847556,0.0003297536,0.000006495123,0.00005206537,0.00009179588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01080793,0.9886435,0.0001241503,0.00005608686,0.00003431949,0.0002104448,0.00003996825,0.00003164066,0.00005196312],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9549034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8998701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000266235","doi":"10.1002/ese3.9","title":"Advances on waste valorization: new horizons for a more sustainable society","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":270,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ateneo de Manila University; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Innovation and Technology Commission; Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta; City University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Waste management; Biorefinery; Cleaner production; Sustainability; Biodegradable waste; Incineration; Food waste; Municipal solid waste; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Engineering; Biofuel","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004660086452821986,"gpt":0.1894376367358938,"spread":0.1847775502830718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001039299,0.0001390995,0.00009040792,0.0001097493,0.0001657369,0.00009561179,0.0002063147,0.00005033525,0.00003282526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003127725,0.000129608,0.00006073163,0.0005705511,0.00005986452,0.0008227231,0.00003085464,0.00007365586,0.00001074792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000122612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004564592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002508262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.607203e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990228,0.000001451859,0.0001112042,0.0002441979,0.0001982713,0.0004220735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995624,0.00001585392,0.00001540879,0.0001748911,0.00008227446,0.000149201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002061644,0.000009915521,0.000008785494,0.00004533932,0.000007934472,4.904612e-7,0.000244349,0.8058274,0.08569615,0.09531011,0.007254462,0.005592971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002009827,0.00005986384,0.00004452483,0.00001700269,0.000004085466,0.000002044242,0.0006199809,0.2334789,0.1407964,0.0001921151,0.6243362,0.0002478888],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07768013,0.001562681,0.9071442,0.002011704,0.004707829,0.0006900872,0.000004245741,0.001860922,0.004338213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859227,0.0001757775,0.009618781,0.000105528,0.0007034097,0.00006609871,0.000006430838,0.0000326296,0.003368633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9082426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5285261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323906322","doi":"10.1002/ese3.117","title":"The progressive routes for carbon capture and sequestration","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas; Greenhouse gas removal; Environmental science; Global warming; Fossil fuel; Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage; Carbon fibers; Biochar; Biofuel; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Climate change mitigation; Climate change; Environmental protection; Waste management; Carbon dioxide; Chemistry; Ecology; Engineering; Pyrolysis; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003984608838305081,"gpt":0.1833899750881965,"spread":0.1794053662498914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001683829,0.0001241509,0.00008092536,0.00008920563,0.00004792333,0.00008447812,0.0002320369,0.00005935633,3.474301e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002186278,0.00007306262,0.00002051152,0.0002204202,0.0002010555,0.0002039291,0.00003914685,0.00005311288,1.688076e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009486652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002241379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007527594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009816665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992587,0.000001960022,0.0001042642,0.000175401,0.0001418247,0.000317824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995716,0.0001127228,0.00001796522,0.0002028379,0.00004552357,0.00004934813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001497885,9.827478e-7,0.00005210726,0.000002790777,0.000007146115,0.000001973866,0.00005669976,0.01108884,0.5835351,0.3992416,0.00002533766,0.005985987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002541709,0.00004206255,0.001033526,0.00008092087,0.00001080386,0.00002793916,0.0001131884,0.07278623,0.8918417,0.001568338,0.03184856,0.000392518],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9410164,0.007164742,0.04612635,0.0009128461,0.001177435,0.0002910798,0.000006878563,0.002400051,0.0009041902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983637,0.00008112715,0.001300097,0.000005372447,0.00006983723,0.0001052254,3.2142e-7,0.00001849673,0.00005576995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3976732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2979407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987130018","doi":"10.1002/ese3.41","title":"Butanol and ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock: biomass pretreatment and bioconversion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bioconversion; Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Butanol; Ethanol fuel; Chemistry; Ethanol; Bioenergy; Waste management; Food science; Fermentation; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Engineering; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004540318858231534,"gpt":0.1649783347432737,"spread":0.1604380158850422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000176116,0.0001810649,0.0001222596,0.0002333537,0.0001461275,0.00007433866,0.0001079912,0.00007804456,0.00001046462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002948917,0.0001681415,0.00001942289,0.0003573743,0.0001460653,0.0003644671,0.00006663784,0.00008121463,0.000006825613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008368118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001053265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008158065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001628902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989868,0.000008436491,0.0001249342,0.0004207847,0.0001961908,0.0002628488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995796,0.00001581945,0.00002131422,0.0002076303,0.00002744529,0.0001481892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002968239,0.00000845684,0.0003447401,0.00001606339,0.000009857342,7.369181e-7,0.0001345805,0.00159412,0.9912091,0.001148247,0.00005517245,0.005475954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000186121,0.00005020904,0.001920361,0.00003202281,0.00001234905,0.00001186851,0.00003761247,0.05662747,0.9106871,0.00004401663,0.03015903,0.0002317783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903493,0.0009061566,0.006497364,0.0002442851,0.001310518,0.00009768101,0.000002242586,0.0004037406,0.0001887431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980409,0.0001909342,0.0014357,0.00001629883,0.0001982699,0.000009456568,0.000004439168,0.00001852254,0.00008548333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08052195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.685661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886201942","doi":"10.1002/ese3.219","title":"Catalytic gasification of wheat straw in hot compressed (subcritical and supercritical) water for hydrogen production","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Supercritical fluid; Straw; Lignocellulosic biomass; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Biochar; Catalysis; Chemistry; Biomass (ecology); Water-gas shift reaction; Biofuel; Methane; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Pyrolysis; Materials science; Waste management; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Hydrolysis; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01014284488518814,"gpt":0.2130052451583586,"spread":0.2028624002731705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002637914,0.0001515291,0.0001982095,0.0002105311,0.00007061888,0.00004219951,0.0001839056,0.00006247565,0.000008515748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002463325,0.000130194,0.00002694828,0.0002974224,0.0005340646,0.0004812999,0.00003723536,0.00008162258,0.000002473939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004744876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001731857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002481766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001432748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986386,0.000006353601,0.0002804928,0.0003241153,0.0002115748,0.0005389175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994469,0.00007613515,0.000001005395,0.0001755002,0.0001428492,0.0001575696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008389209,0.00002656928,0.00005781776,0.00006972571,0.000003134312,0.00000103297,0.0002241058,0.002906712,0.9234986,0.07302015,0.000003592049,0.0001802138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001399969,0.00005849739,0.0003088072,0.00005376173,0.000008704763,0.00001082539,0.0000659489,0.06262642,0.9354243,0.0005817029,0.0005492865,0.0001717484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780853,0.0001540618,0.02092723,0.000181017,0.0002626564,0.00009796799,0.000005149777,0.0001012803,0.0001853111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986969,0.00001574396,0.001047442,0.00001945329,0.0001370275,0.00004658573,0.000007339926,0.00002249338,0.000007064731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07243845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5309157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885326396","doi":"10.1002/ese3.227","title":"Thermoeconomic analysis and multiobjective optimization of a combined gas turbine, steam, and organic Rankine cycle","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan University; Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Organic Rankine cycle; Exergy; Rankine cycle; Exergy efficiency; Combined cycle; Process engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Pinch point; Turbine; Thermal efficiency; Environmental science; Waste heat recovery unit; Heat recovery steam generator; Heat exchanger; Steam turbine; Waste heat; Mechanical engineering; Combustion; Power (physics); Thermodynamics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.001949383423320242,"gpt":0.1725633997579002,"spread":0.17061401633458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000164597,0.0001297325,0.0002354867,0.0003366785,0.00007138545,0.00003255067,0.000125648,0.00003867578,0.00003163286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001673333,0.0001244623,0.00003766184,0.0006679039,0.0001622536,0.0001721165,0.0000356946,0.00004315524,8.092626e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003846522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001425361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001472789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003419421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993033,0.00000611468,0.0001916782,0.000201642,0.00009936032,0.0001978811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996527,0.00002290439,0.00003578053,0.0001545478,0.00005551718,0.00007855737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006365351,0.00000582644,0.0002540665,0.000004675548,0.0001303489,3.84556e-7,0.0005653335,0.9363496,0.05810733,0.004038617,8.427076e-7,0.0005366604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002207158,0.00003811736,0.003891541,0.00001330859,0.00008382146,0.000002875061,0.0001090605,0.9858165,0.009629836,0.00002352623,0.00002924146,0.0001414934],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6789483,0.0002433119,0.3203023,0.000003772376,0.0001146244,0.00002502723,0.000001975978,0.00007181376,0.0002888145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985595,0.00008745051,0.001258885,0.000004683147,0.00004320451,0.000003087668,0.000002663393,0.00001610797,0.00002438273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3196112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5075427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200360959","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1030","title":"A conceptual review of sustainable electrical power generation from biogas","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Renewable energy; Waste management; Environmental science; Electricity generation; Biomass (ecology); Fossil fuel; Cogeneration; Combustion; Engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01666893315968215,"gpt":0.2457644845839309,"spread":0.2290955514242487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003579668,0.000326237,0.000889048,0.0003167547,0.00006035231,0.00005161345,0.000351178,0.0001552604,0.0001353067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002273783,0.0003018427,0.0002301029,0.001747418,0.0001140187,0.0002890369,0.00007262026,0.0002268546,0.000008032984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003298413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003362026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003103933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.175551e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981766,0.00002858026,0.0005275919,0.0004382031,0.0004003647,0.000428648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991751,0.00003300628,0.0001006227,0.0003793482,0.0001865168,0.0001253927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[7.266065e-8,0.000007680786,4.191755e-8,0.00006248613,0.00002554135,0.000009094872,0.00001134799,0.001604442,0.0002249317,0.9926243,0.001060783,0.004369233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003004689,0.00001681586,3.399012e-7,0.006203067,0.00009133678,0.00001381184,0.00001157549,0.00006662607,0.0007390619,0.000002120669,0.992541,0.0002842211],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001015119,0.9933109,0.00514891,0.000009958759,0.0007532159,0.0001341943,0.000008312126,0.0001765597,0.0004477666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002159529,0.9980061,0.000943749,0.00002402638,0.0002807021,0.00004174644,0.0001469231,0.00004112249,0.000299649],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9926222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W4311651623","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1379","title":"Sustainable aviation fuel: Pathways to fully formulated synthetic jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Greenfield Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Jet fuel; Fischer–Tropsch process; Refining (metallurgy); Aviation fuel; Aviation biofuel; Aviation; Kerosene; Synthetic fuel; Jet (fluid); Process engineering; Refinery; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Environmental science; Waste management; Engineering; Catalysis; Biofuel; Organic chemistry; Aerospace engineering; Bioenergy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006187884232367022,"gpt":0.1830776707408484,"spread":0.1768897865084814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008343708,0.0002987968,0.0003158057,0.0004554098,0.0005463849,0.0001786302,0.0009377421,0.0000695066,0.00126025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007017666,0.0003088211,0.0001507799,0.001633998,0.00005722097,0.000465688,0.0004965447,0.0002096596,0.00001949305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007080178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001538329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002428498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006262092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970747,0.00002213054,0.0003829897,0.0006894353,0.000874933,0.000955873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985331,0.0001765174,0.0001043424,0.0007308237,0.0001462255,0.0003089596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001672059,0.00007290256,0.0001405007,0.00004007289,0.00003062053,0.00005086049,0.0007965842,0.1189275,0.7821465,0.0950105,0.00004141774,0.002725772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002074999,0.00005753777,0.0005210719,0.00004837666,0.00007768195,0.00005285608,0.002090542,0.07896486,0.7418414,0.0004964398,0.1746093,0.001032502],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693775,0.0005733221,0.01863645,0.0002888033,0.0002808987,0.000116655,0.0000425481,0.0005830641,0.01010079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972531,0.0000104621,0.0008357529,0.00006766553,0.00008825731,0.0002680836,0.00001658573,0.00005489292,0.001405203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1745679,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977151446","doi":"10.1002/ese3.64","title":"Postcombustion CO<sub>2</sub> capture using N‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine‐grafted solid adsorbent","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Innovates; University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Centre for Clean Coal/Carbon and Mineral Processing Technologies; Carbon Management Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Diethylenetriamine; Sorbent; Adsorption; Desorption; Amine gas treating; Grafting; Mesoporous material; Chemistry; Thermogravimetric analysis; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Catalysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01643611365522768,"gpt":0.2348420153916761,"spread":0.2184059017364484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007263335,0.00048458,0.0004419935,0.00106213,0.0000615824,0.0001599966,0.0007383954,0.0002847586,0.000002844856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006008756,0.0005043404,0.0001186204,0.002311479,0.0002344364,0.0006581065,0.0001773427,0.0004497806,0.00001287211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000913672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001698449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007796545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001314465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971639,0.00001956915,0.0004396809,0.0005668704,0.0008220366,0.0009879654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985526,0.00006439942,0.00007371695,0.0006840962,0.0002295466,0.0003957022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003003556,0.000006269196,0.00002504549,0.000003756551,0.00001187057,0.00001350693,0.00007389973,0.4711487,0.5233598,0.00479827,0.0001071793,0.0004487417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002866967,0.00003344458,0.0002189224,0.00004453298,0.00002158673,0.00005619985,0.0001453632,0.2409046,0.7548391,0.00008184076,0.002864303,0.0005034567],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8901443,0.002221551,0.1022389,0.00004275945,0.001778821,0.000152158,0.000008462308,0.002949789,0.0004632319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911703,0.00006687938,0.008365124,0.00003623392,0.0002127363,0.00002616695,0.00001074701,0.00009765717,0.00001419003],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2314793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206643176","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1072","title":"Conversion of waste to sustainable aviation fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Front‐end design decisions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Greenfield Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Syngas; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Waste management; Refinery; Fischer–Tropsch process; Raw material; Environmental science; Pyrolysis; Kerosene; Process engineering; Engineering; Biofuel; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00709756503288388,"gpt":0.18158434414554,"spread":0.1744867791126561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000514298,0.0001839187,0.000201281,0.0005044051,0.0001978451,0.00003789959,0.0006871145,0.00004466786,0.0003274161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003781271,0.0002036124,0.00005361682,0.001344188,0.00005459619,0.0004202411,0.0003220121,0.0001319567,0.00001193135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004037241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008970133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003538715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.514462e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983383,0.00002095522,0.0002626444,0.0003179691,0.0005551259,0.0005050426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990733,0.0002442703,0.00004505923,0.0003158368,0.0001171083,0.0002044751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001002173,0.00001164761,0.000006287771,0.00001108234,0.00000792593,0.000004758326,0.0001496074,0.3656146,0.6293579,0.004111569,0.0001858911,0.0005287285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001188747,0.00004512336,0.00003760765,0.00002234185,0.00001192844,0.00000535747,0.000534082,0.04506407,0.9448987,0.0001146581,0.008901882,0.0002453514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3471449,0.0006918198,0.6502706,0.0001166261,0.0006463258,0.0001960277,0.00001252308,0.0004493861,0.0004717546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920408,0.00001783512,0.007573631,0.00003006339,0.00002742329,0.00008109168,0.000003076353,0.00003358415,0.000192466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6448959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8303072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322211801","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1434","title":"Decarbonization potential of future sustainable propulsion—A review of road transportation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Hydrogen vehicle; Automotive engineering; Renewable energy; Zero emission; Propulsion; Green vehicle; Internal combustion engine; Environmental science; Electric vehicle; Carbon neutrality; Electricity; Fuel efficiency; Hydrogen fuel; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Aerospace engineering; Power (physics); Fuel cells","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003819852113497733,"gpt":0.2226059795624869,"spread":0.2187861274489892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002512678,0.0000981527,0.0001574823,0.0004474098,0.00003688883,0.000007411648,0.0003259395,0.00004825192,0.00001118735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001008298,0.00009662787,0.00003545715,0.002982661,0.00007717844,0.0003526202,0.00003122405,0.00008831514,0.000001116497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007080803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004115023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001296001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001169951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988355,0.000003944535,0.0002487659,0.0001539041,0.0004189824,0.0003388881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995083,0.000009219186,0.00003669157,0.0002300878,0.0001752932,0.0000404371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[9.787846e-7,0.000004021792,0.00002609731,0.0006230273,0.000004220709,0.000008555842,0.00003281993,0.771128,0.1934709,0.02576678,0.0000419939,0.008892646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000228721,0.00007639857,0.01039026,0.001584729,0.00001691385,0.00000502156,0.000484299,0.3039429,0.6669222,0.0002101504,0.01574162,0.000396865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7743043,0.01117799,0.2106384,0.0002941321,0.000844144,0.0004280162,0.00001438407,0.001902617,0.0003959577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928309,0.005223297,0.00177881,0.00000354883,0.00003241566,0.00002501419,0.00001724825,0.00002067014,0.00006808126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4734513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.394037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297821057","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1264","title":"Optimal scheduling of DG and EV parking lots simultaneously with demand response based on self‐adjusted PSO and K‐means clustering","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Government of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Particle swarm optimization; Cluster analysis; Distributed generation; Demand response; Smart grid; Sizing; Computer science; Scheduling (production processes); Energy storage; Electric power system; Probabilistic logic; Mathematical optimization; Reliability engineering; Algorithm; Engineering; Electricity; Renewable energy; Power (physics); Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004443404265099814,"gpt":0.1729112066308029,"spread":0.1684678023657031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008621614,0.0002732428,0.0002396881,0.0005892343,0.0002776774,0.00007533419,0.0002853213,0.00003460404,0.0000077164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007892134,0.0002880394,0.0000261849,0.0008666361,0.0001024009,0.0002266768,0.0001851336,0.0002045572,2.038342e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002070841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004931441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003319591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001315162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982043,0.00003829289,0.0002547352,0.0004388296,0.000562072,0.000501802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991805,0.000259306,0.00004884316,0.0003134003,0.00003536953,0.0001625566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001001803,0.00001503744,0.0002109496,0.00002333038,0.00002170282,0.0000553717,0.0003148184,0.9695212,0.02833588,0.001169331,0.000001846203,0.0002303293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000529548,0.0002247826,0.001543231,0.00008366405,0.00002044728,0.00004185712,0.0001810599,0.9850964,0.008522721,8.094609e-7,0.003426707,0.0003287815],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8199295,0.0001973573,0.1790134,0.00002640356,0.0002415257,0.00007984105,0.000002765848,0.0003376302,0.0001715476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735469,0.00001858296,0.02624453,0.00003476995,0.00004016005,0.00003764145,0.000001739328,0.00005820404,0.00001750356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1536174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2987128843","doi":"10.1002/ese3.522","title":"An ANN‐based failure pressure prediction method for buried high‐strength pipes with stray current corrosion defect","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing; China University of Petroleum, Beijing","keywords":"Corrosion; Structural engineering; Parametric statistics; Finite element method; Engineering; Pipeline transport; Artificial neural network; Current (fluid); Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004114249581989644,"gpt":0.2200404948482876,"spread":0.2159262452662979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000295879,0.0002205012,0.0002206062,0.0002272007,0.0001198909,0.0001111599,0.0002438485,0.00009319785,0.00002414225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003851448,0.0001723573,0.00007269837,0.0004341984,0.00007185684,0.000541551,0.00001712756,0.0002074532,7.426838e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004928738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003643685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007169173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003335596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987485,0.00001578222,0.000174168,0.0004200266,0.0002958947,0.0003455922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993251,0.00009242878,0.00002991553,0.0003061802,0.00009367224,0.0001527237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008134572,0.000008553106,0.0002079214,0.00003674972,0.00001369212,1.91985e-7,0.00007124989,0.8532867,0.1381786,0.006514356,0.0000106513,0.001663194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002380131,0.0001387459,0.001418558,0.00006569883,0.0000684357,0.00000318867,0.00005088932,0.8918203,0.09784764,0.00003807264,0.008091502,0.0002190254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3358704,0.0003207433,0.6625967,0.00003366152,0.0005734616,0.0001562453,0.00003868755,0.0003891955,0.0000208798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9688365,0.00001179059,0.0309336,0.000006187991,0.0001074746,0.00003308436,0.00003064889,0.0000228257,0.00001786243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6329661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7028527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220800959","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1126","title":"Comment on “How green is blue hydrogen?”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Innovation and Economic Development Trois Rivières","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Hydrogen; Leakage (economics); Methane; Hydrogen production; Environmental science; Natural gas; Hydrogen fuel; Computer science; Chemistry; Economics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006689112039451772,"gpt":0.1737560919422829,"spread":0.1670669799028311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000238218,0.0002098143,0.000158864,0.0004641652,0.00009674644,0.00005527246,0.0008149524,0.00004029971,0.00005466608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003235369,0.0002330568,0.00006542809,0.001092574,0.00008427874,0.0001652042,0.0003194583,0.0003036076,0.000006283312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004834562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002257715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003789046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002189244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984664,0.000005849,0.0001294867,0.000311549,0.0005777433,0.0005089752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993134,0.00003369603,0.00001998681,0.0005168243,0.00001678227,0.0000993515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.937465e-7,0.00000767761,0.00001120815,0.000001737234,0.0000102277,0.0000167026,0.0001541245,0.763123,0.1163113,0.118288,0.001376557,0.0006985961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009986258,0.00004628324,0.00004208598,0.000006659939,0.000003898864,0.00001869008,0.0001364828,0.1291845,0.266949,0.000080062,0.6031502,0.0002822376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9619864,0.001411524,0.01478356,0.009605407,0.002342414,0.0002018439,0.00003775652,0.006105824,0.003525248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998264,0.00001438223,0.0005310551,0.0008640945,0.00005302483,0.00009302016,0.000003254505,0.00004137258,0.0001357923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6339384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9503781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297547206","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1303","title":"Carbon dioxide utilization: A critical review from multiscale perspective","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Higher Education Commision, Pakistan; Aston University","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Carbon dioxide; Process (computing); Environmental science; Process systems; Process engineering; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Computer science; Biochemical engineering; Carbon fibers; Environmental economics; Broad spectrum; Perspective (graphical); Climate change; Chemistry; Engineering; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05147227390643495,"gpt":0.3002573968392065,"spread":0.2487851229327716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003468469,0.0006954679,0.001504196,0.000657109,0.00006177762,0.00007435163,0.001420383,0.0002431329,0.0001804146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00165345,0.0007021882,0.0003801397,0.002650695,0.00029472,0.0002510763,0.0004769403,0.0008643476,0.000007696329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001673503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002117334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001403243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009052108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969459,0.00003561047,0.000616282,0.0008844738,0.000773939,0.0007438162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982004,0.0004118347,0.00007545082,0.001038042,0.00007669728,0.000197571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001126298,0.00005149408,5.604282e-7,0.007450145,0.0002732915,0.0003569096,0.000200179,0.02355971,0.000406349,0.412472,0.0005518389,0.5546764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003764089,0.0000115249,5.993128e-7,0.008385824,0.0002412951,0.00005350548,0.00003930225,0.003738165,0.0001677347,0.00006091321,0.9865395,0.0007239359],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002219601,0.9909473,0.001814012,0.00002933817,0.001561931,0.0002472822,0.00004685782,0.002292509,0.003058547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002681619,0.9977351,0.001079361,0.00002900902,0.0002042597,0.0004685706,0.00003088116,0.0001530355,0.00003166634],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9859877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004276054","doi":"10.1002/ese3.51","title":"Engineering evaluation of direct methane to methanol conversion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Methane; Methanol; Syngas; Capital cost; Process engineering; Natural gas; Gas to liquids; Environmental science; Chemistry; Waste management; Engineering; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008174293889476117,"gpt":0.216941253302904,"spread":0.2087669594134278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001565107,0.0001931329,0.0002345727,0.000518674,0.000029745,0.00002544594,0.0003744657,0.00005631088,0.00002827292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003765963,0.0002081898,0.00005749606,0.001024518,0.00003250197,0.0003383695,0.00006823677,0.00008468363,0.00001004369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001975324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004606732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002058462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001865064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983811,0.00001960688,0.0002320666,0.0002639529,0.0006979429,0.0004053181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992051,0.00009214406,0.00002692774,0.0003476272,0.0001289868,0.0001992047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.9319e-7,0.000003044995,0.00000432539,0.00000393053,0.000007770733,1.993059e-7,0.0000466294,0.5217718,0.4626751,0.01442768,0.000002677576,0.001055915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001295672,0.00001728143,0.000178143,0.00002616243,0.00001631476,0.000001442121,0.00000374229,0.5902311,0.4055639,0.00002091968,0.003668871,0.0001425562],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8247529,0.0001276708,0.1696706,0.000009547422,0.001037699,0.00008892479,0.000002806092,0.0003429232,0.003966932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960938,0.000006800698,0.003718722,0.00001042642,0.00008788663,0.0000226256,0.000003181712,0.00003867816,0.00001784768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1713409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8489733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002014792","doi":"10.1002/ese3.602","title":"Protocol for sand control screen design of production wells for clayey silt hydrate reservoirs: A case study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Geological Survey; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Silt; Hydrate; Geology; Clathrate hydrate; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Geomorphology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0368297704215886,"gpt":0.2676615529846163,"spread":0.2308317825630277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001037509,0.0001677487,0.0002108077,0.00006499607,0.0001966505,0.00004116942,0.0003213296,0.0000429893,0.00004131707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000241825,0.0001364753,0.000049473,0.0006535407,0.0001296957,0.000365974,0.00008007844,0.00007787302,0.000002934536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006361905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003595452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002296803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008174955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984427,0.00003561243,0.0003147443,0.0005116342,0.000308705,0.0003866194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993354,0.0000966006,0.0001177551,0.0002269678,0.00003734259,0.0001859195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001090484,0.00006128696,0.0001181306,0.000009023717,0.00001138044,0.00001075359,0.0005542056,0.8131785,0.185302,0.000263291,0.00008654831,0.0002957595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002364776,0.001677048,0.0000759481,0.00002719697,0.00003286428,0.00003278972,0.0003624785,0.8590641,0.1237666,0.00007385721,0.01220414,0.0003182563],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1790421,0.00001618675,0.7015705,0.0004436139,0.0002301987,0.1183514,0.0000137322,0.0001301213,0.0002021102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9404575,4.202305e-7,0.01305518,0.00004961586,0.0001025096,0.04622437,7.572058e-7,0.00002279867,0.0000868155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7614154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5565302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921093187","doi":"10.1002/ese3.287","title":"Evolution characteristics of spontaneous combustion in three zones of the goaf when using the cutting roof and release pressure technique","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Spontaneous combustion; Roof; Coal mining; Mining engineering; Ventilation (architecture); Coal; Ground pressure; Combustion; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Waste management; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00495535250824258,"gpt":0.1663308447653232,"spread":0.1613754922570806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000236633,0.00007911382,0.0001044547,0.00008245758,0.00004406596,0.00001482883,0.0001726702,0.0000379122,0.000002889268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000621397,0.00005513916,0.00001815402,0.0003051667,0.00006481275,0.0001589706,0.0000724848,0.0000867327,6.651678e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005067457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002236868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002097941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003077963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994098,0.000008885601,0.0001822969,0.0001002644,0.0001614542,0.0001372837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996845,0.00002499718,0.00004845439,0.0001823692,0.00004246635,0.00001723798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002677296,0.000003102936,0.002534553,0.00002698739,0.000001960003,5.635342e-7,0.0001158386,0.7399293,0.2464489,0.01039551,2.230999e-7,0.000540419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004873324,0.00001215915,0.02678614,0.0001793715,0.000007838325,0.00002719565,0.00003607247,0.9446118,0.0279995,0.0000677527,0.0001519772,0.00007140863],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9203736,0.0003653633,0.07887854,0.000008031926,0.000187968,0.0001145144,0.000001811389,0.00002946055,0.00004071577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992818,0.00001357674,0.0006581568,0.000001932418,0.00001850011,0.000003868762,4.114734e-7,0.00001039122,0.00001132614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2184494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.224851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2244387488","doi":"10.1002/ese3.104","title":"Field testing of thermoplastic encapsulants in high‐temperature installations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory; McMaster University; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Creep; Materials science; Thermoplastic; Composite material; Crystalline silicon; Silicon; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009202084744695551,"gpt":0.1804781185841185,"spread":0.1712760338394229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001806213,0.000101013,0.000104824,0.0003041892,0.00002650259,0.00002761677,0.0001729761,0.00005196736,0.000006506537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000295655,0.0001048996,0.00001101178,0.001233332,0.00002704294,0.0004323364,0.00003062725,0.0001072202,0.000001948462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008809199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006384429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005045695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001562299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992523,0.00000355088,0.0001748831,0.0001239426,0.0002140668,0.0002312181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996385,0.00005494948,0.0000198586,0.000145351,0.00006412513,0.00007722736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.282371e-7,0.00000356839,0.001510883,0.00000263136,0.000001337202,0.000001549255,0.0001262223,0.8821974,0.1119611,0.003947373,0.000005998587,0.0002411032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001499996,0.00002775462,0.004526885,0.00005210994,0.000001802922,0.00000446068,0.00003468793,0.9266219,0.06825848,0.0000239277,0.0001687131,0.0001293289],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861285,0.00009589588,0.01109826,0.000005457988,0.0004535939,0.00003191967,9.984673e-7,0.0001413959,0.002043949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863305,0.000007960341,0.01357442,0.000006383271,0.00004293341,0.000006045221,0.000002346872,0.00001581019,0.0000135954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04442445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.427768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984987811","doi":"10.1002/ese3.412","title":"Power coefficient measurements of a novel vertical axis wind turbine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Vertical axis wind turbine; Turbine; Airfoil; Tip-speed ratio; Chord (peer-to-peer); Wind power; Aerodynamics; Wind tunnel; Lift coefficient; Marine engineering; Hypersonic wind tunnel; Wind speed; Power (physics); Environmental science; Wake; Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Meteorology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Reynolds number; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01349730037209714,"gpt":0.2134760430184199,"spread":0.1999787426463228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003859961,0.0001737326,0.0001916053,0.000313902,0.00004063144,0.0000386812,0.0004050506,0.00004960717,0.0001142071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000778696,0.0001624662,0.00004904671,0.0008384468,0.00008153606,0.0002252842,0.0001026692,0.0001148538,0.00002446476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001785026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001059687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001710157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001256111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979642,0.000003685232,0.0002437301,0.0002639814,0.000902692,0.0006217074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993116,0.00002623957,0.00001107911,0.0003005186,0.0001018764,0.0002487142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003133671,0.00002658121,0.0003205728,0.00000425487,0.00001208002,0.000001133636,0.0000615619,0.5796584,0.4121134,0.007696472,0.00002359558,0.00007880129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008043474,0.0001102258,0.01328059,0.00009658616,0.000004035593,0.000009151546,0.00003267088,0.2622726,0.706311,0.000004318358,0.01663514,0.0004392592],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.965669,0.0001710899,0.02506301,0.00001560082,0.0008054817,0.0000633128,0.00000195042,0.0001583687,0.008052152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974403,0.000004308935,0.002368098,0.00001529902,0.00002637856,0.000005724887,0.0000018496,0.00002437883,0.0001136776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3173858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6625177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4223990296","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1139","title":"Determination of coal pillar width for gob‐side entry driving in isolated coal face and its control in deep soft‐broken coal seam: A case study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coal; Roof; Coal mining; Mining engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Geology; Truss; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Waste management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006828125890377219,"gpt":0.211718791068368,"spread":0.2048906651779908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006514788,0.0001813492,0.0002591831,0.0004638078,0.0001373942,0.00003866654,0.0002087145,0.00004318249,0.000002561781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007341168,0.0002192592,0.00003064272,0.0004197331,0.00001188047,0.0002904698,0.000127253,0.0001803808,8.72733e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001825033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004746093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001245148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000374722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985785,0.00002195803,0.0003635056,0.000312588,0.0002821645,0.00044129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995806,0.0001049578,0.00004830161,0.0001347821,0.00003780578,0.00009355415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009016625,0.00003386074,0.0005014521,0.00001116206,0.000005574318,0.0001220642,0.001484697,0.9554105,0.04164816,0.0003771094,2.865226e-7,0.0003961631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001149103,0.0001498273,0.0002176918,0.00002586537,0.000009481537,0.0001342465,0.001389665,0.9927561,0.003857425,0.00001279917,0.00007774291,0.0002200585],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5954862,0.0002423752,0.4038434,0.000003537663,0.0001710307,0.0001964667,0.000004801849,0.00004641498,0.000005846835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991551,0.0000140129,0.000651999,0.000009326941,0.00002035513,0.0001069508,0.000002319604,0.00003213847,0.000007793049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.403669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8941129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995914615","doi":"10.1002/ese3.578","title":"Investigation of CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> injection in tight oil reservoirs with confinement effect","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Science and Technology Major Project; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Tight oil; Water injection (oil production); Permeability (electromagnetism); Petroleum engineering; Tight gas; Injection well; Enhanced oil recovery; Porous medium; Hydraulic fracturing; Materials science; Chemistry; Porosity; Geology; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003801449135038526,"gpt":0.1821567891106393,"spread":0.1783553399756008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007292278,0.0003122687,0.000335765,0.0007835538,0.00004878983,0.00005378999,0.0003446237,0.000123339,0.000004778761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008310131,0.0003086928,0.00005149828,0.001531867,0.0001319922,0.0007217819,0.00005663527,0.0002740151,0.00001002915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004058797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008816444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005241839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001147102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980345,0.00002995597,0.0003895944,0.0004288623,0.0005875068,0.0005295938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991573,0.0001144983,0.00008587682,0.0004180324,0.00009054323,0.0001337149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008060307,0.000003744342,0.001009471,0.00004306252,0.000007155566,0.0000023194,0.00007761655,0.3589844,0.636361,0.001335941,0.0000134881,0.002153741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003158452,0.0002568719,0.003725076,0.0003903343,0.000006491042,0.000008220938,0.00001272803,0.04279716,0.9517927,0.00002860806,0.0003345493,0.000331385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987914,0.00009453477,0.009831389,0.00001074032,0.0003940872,0.0001298334,0.000002874649,0.000500111,0.001122433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984594,0.0001062463,0.001196676,0.00001374698,0.0000411169,0.0001010419,0.00001072341,0.00005729462,0.0000137447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3161873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367179513","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1478","title":"Progress on rock thermal energy storage (RTES): A state of the art review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Energy storage; Process engineering; Capital cost; Heat transfer; Computer science; Thermal energy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01794041451974945,"gpt":0.2530095189357658,"spread":0.2350691044160163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005401598,0.000186851,0.0002184547,0.0002752647,0.00008118632,0.00004873659,0.0007736765,0.00002833116,0.00003791175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008644823,0.000141135,0.00006494218,0.001935008,0.00009049358,0.0001961635,0.0001984155,0.0001131842,0.00003481009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001070771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005388608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009462771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003987101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982068,0.00002457867,0.0002339836,0.0002419038,0.0006964668,0.0005962893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992468,0.00004628933,0.00003449924,0.0004940506,0.00005804374,0.0001202821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000229337,0.00001036531,0.000006105245,0.00009840827,0.00001103143,0.00001295176,0.00006978548,0.6460324,0.344285,0.005234818,0.0007591514,0.003477748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000158432,0.00005077376,0.0009212889,0.00116889,0.000006963895,0.000007060391,0.000006135047,0.244357,0.6455293,0.00002653461,0.1074381,0.0003295478],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728869,0.01088332,0.006006034,0.000546904,0.003424702,0.0004596216,0.000066717,0.001931134,0.003794706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981356,0.001093182,0.00004918649,0.00005497654,0.00008571444,0.00009722471,0.000004406611,0.00004665036,0.00043303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4016754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.575532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221105210","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1107","title":"The application of nonthermal plasma in methanol synthesis via CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Catalysis; Methane; Renewable energy; Methanol; Combustion; Gasoline; Process engineering; Nonthermal plasma; Chemistry; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Plasma; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004556461688578896,"gpt":0.2020764516916114,"spread":0.1975199900030325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001155452,0.0001457079,0.0001736296,0.0003647863,0.0002008232,0.00001377042,0.00062095,0.00003721182,0.000004945646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002619376,0.0001328662,0.00007181883,0.001342641,0.00008457914,0.000253684,0.0001840192,0.0002018544,0.000002693489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004682632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005486549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000167291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003674382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983017,0.00001990941,0.0003427045,0.0002883297,0.0006380008,0.0004092913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991732,0.0002686607,0.0001083224,0.0003450303,0.00003418162,0.00007063186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004019455,0.0000098809,0.00001432384,0.000002244591,0.000005362863,0.000001025154,0.00007066447,0.3250326,0.645883,0.01483624,1.575543e-7,0.01414043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006533425,0.000006439497,0.00007798099,0.000005753488,0.000004507023,0.00001094948,0.00003500542,0.3441174,0.653508,0.00001317599,0.002055085,0.0001003177],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721568,0.0001136645,0.02710659,0.00003435168,0.0001589281,0.00009087908,0.000004712625,0.0000951918,0.0002389414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993976,0.000008044995,0.0002336579,0.00000413834,0.00003953551,0.0002715579,0.000005054562,0.00002871893,0.00001166128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02724089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5418128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281779263","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1214","title":"Mining‐induced failure characteristics and surrounding rock control of gob‐side entry driving adjacent to filling working face in the deep coal mine","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coal; Coal mining; Mining engineering; Geology; Pillar; Face (sociological concept); Geotechnical engineering; Roof; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009911320789984402,"gpt":0.1935172655393601,"spread":0.1836059447493757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008542205,0.0002198275,0.0002751856,0.0003774678,0.0002754622,0.0001026158,0.0004973585,0.00004053225,0.000005538244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001225693,0.0002204011,0.00004252203,0.0007476454,0.00001004667,0.0001733035,0.0001973261,0.0002774564,2.817405e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001900343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003549309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003199218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004080103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981999,0.00002443824,0.0003820443,0.0003189415,0.0004899412,0.0005847256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993826,0.0001628939,0.00006261971,0.000239409,0.00002861813,0.0001238589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002555376,0.000006860279,0.0003171838,0.00000558526,0.00000620239,0.000008151669,0.001610468,0.810386,0.1835147,0.003383637,0.000002050035,0.0007566286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002377346,0.00003786664,0.0005994615,0.00009996875,0.000009336311,0.00002252517,0.001929868,0.9846236,0.009811919,0.000005667972,0.002360896,0.0002611867],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7340693,0.000245603,0.2649599,0.00004895344,0.0004821981,0.0000933524,0.000002462379,0.0000602494,0.00003791301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998273,0.00002424022,0.001456343,0.00005339154,0.00009331902,0.00005263739,0.000003025421,0.00003591639,0.000008130983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2642036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8987697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809425849","doi":"10.1002/ese3.201","title":"Influence of coal properties on the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of coal gasification residues","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Centre for Clean Coal/Carbon and Mineral Processing Technologies; University of Alberta","keywords":"Coal; Adsorption; Char; Bituminous coal; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Carbon fibers; Waste management; Raw material; Specific surface area; Carbon dioxide; Materials science; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Catalysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02081848280522835,"gpt":0.2015951060593381,"spread":0.1807766232541097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000412369,0.0001209775,0.000124105,0.0002236538,0.00008493284,0.00002181012,0.0004177466,0.0000612052,0.000002252459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003212765,0.00009323188,0.00002534165,0.0004516946,0.000644565,0.0002150822,0.00002760035,0.0001054366,0.000005586521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005130917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002847997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002521586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007949171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990383,0.00001146107,0.0002491226,0.0001756967,0.0003125476,0.0002128935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993142,0.00005427355,0.00007302767,0.0003840568,0.0001418211,0.00003262213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002381901,0.000005295201,0.0001294309,0.000005636733,0.000002959064,4.217968e-8,0.0002256171,0.3127138,0.6617334,0.02500338,0.00002223833,0.0001557211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000383474,0.00006223001,0.01354315,0.00008241094,0.000002873266,0.000001544225,0.0001054319,0.02924234,0.956382,0.00003959835,0.0004027608,0.0000972784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914213,0.00005119593,0.007800726,0.0000488721,0.00009202129,0.00005513608,0.000003680103,0.0002909361,0.0002360848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995895,0.00004609389,0.0002764783,0.000008390997,0.00003449982,0.00002477991,0.000001010766,0.00001205853,0.000007156544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2946486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3801886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321186856","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1424","title":"A novel non‐pillar coal mining technology in longwall top coal caving: A case study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Geomechanics and Mining Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Roof; Longwall mining; Mining engineering; Coal; Coal mining; Gangue; Excavation; Deformation (meteorology); Engineering; Bearing (navigation); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009922945226297105,"gpt":0.2141127442430328,"spread":0.2041897990167357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006122486,0.000332225,0.0003256685,0.002057261,0.0001248177,0.00009918315,0.0005174042,0.0001311234,0.000003882495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001111801,0.0003821649,0.00004736073,0.003515677,0.00004822816,0.0002773187,0.0002608349,0.0002992454,0.00001038932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002156109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006625386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002723964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002025763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977247,0.000003731365,0.0003697138,0.0005071319,0.00036319,0.001031567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992471,0.00005632635,0.0000281124,0.0004428832,0.00004383727,0.0001817611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[7.54072e-7,0.0000268854,0.000842848,0.000007692788,0.000012835,0.002014683,0.001052783,0.9051161,0.08764656,0.002878978,0.00001169472,0.0003881225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006652483,0.0001089971,0.00143003,0.00008697484,0.00001117091,0.001195543,0.004104825,0.9772885,0.0124975,0.00001219117,0.001973907,0.0006250917],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.963134,0.00008893286,0.03410789,0.00002031922,0.001027811,0.000133944,0.000003220303,0.001325781,0.0001580995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973376,0.00001146074,0.002322609,0.000006503863,0.0000759643,0.0001000623,0.000002345117,0.00008086261,0.00006254634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07514906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093930397","doi":"10.1002/ese3.60","title":"Reservoir modeling for Wabamun lake sequestration project","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Penn West Exploration (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Plume; Aquifer; Cabin pressurization; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05081727673666844,"gpt":0.2828152623734923,"spread":0.2319979856368239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004549118,0.00009091714,0.00006371817,0.00007948896,0.0001490809,0.00008090591,0.0002265416,0.00003366028,0.00006359244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002050042,0.00008445608,0.0000283028,0.0003982171,0.00007293792,0.0007765785,0.00007015395,0.00006221637,0.00001997774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001682272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007575747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004247342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007554888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990472,0.000006113331,0.0001436509,0.0002560661,0.0002752958,0.0002716456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996472,0.00001908288,0.00002721766,0.0001613863,0.00004073666,0.0001043845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003507533,0.000009636274,0.00009347055,2.923812e-7,8.352898e-7,8.829565e-7,0.0001795888,0.9095404,0.01211525,0.07770335,0.0002072651,0.0001454886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001027107,0.00006242275,0.0001039985,0.000005068971,0.000002254826,0.000009151501,0.0001052993,0.8847662,0.003914486,0.0008937861,0.1099067,0.0001279674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4390622,0.00001745695,0.5347652,0.0005530725,0.000883818,0.0002287012,0.000005208522,0.0002832284,0.0242011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860829,0.000001942476,0.01244752,0.00006907445,0.00007952686,0.00005913169,0.000009372701,0.000006811053,0.001243691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5470207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3444019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317531842","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1400","title":"Failure mechanism and divisional differentiated control of surrounding rock in mining roadway under remaining coal pillar in close‐distance coal seam","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coal; Roof; Mining engineering; Coal mining; Abutment; Geology; Longwall mining; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008324167684400854,"gpt":0.201757894962516,"spread":0.1934337272781152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007322553,0.0002427284,0.0003519733,0.0007774282,0.0001011839,0.00006712325,0.0002671746,0.0001006192,0.000004027971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008029316,0.0002657149,0.00004064125,0.001078848,0.00002089852,0.0003509525,0.0001218735,0.0002062826,7.958985e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001520828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004789179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003477616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001263089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980349,0.00001706027,0.0004280341,0.0003954219,0.0004471261,0.0006774872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994733,0.0001290725,0.00004881919,0.0001820639,0.00003731525,0.0001294044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004042612,0.00000540655,0.0004155817,0.0000109795,0.000006496013,0.00001135655,0.0002918219,0.7749104,0.1075829,0.1167054,0.000001449154,0.00005414098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006233359,0.00002565522,0.002128561,0.0002646864,0.000004406806,0.00000577062,0.0004429025,0.9838746,0.01155845,0.0007050461,0.00008872084,0.0002778991],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6864457,0.0002002196,0.3128116,0.00001320081,0.0003112599,0.00005230766,0.000004562413,0.0001362745,0.00002483055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989468,0.00006820924,0.0008559028,0.000009665605,0.00003744321,0.00001702022,0.000006881111,0.00004373352,0.00001432797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3125011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997891307","doi":"10.1002/ese3.506","title":"Quantification of low‐temperature oxidation of light oil and its SAR fractions with TG‐DSC and TG‐FTIR analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Thermogravimetric analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Differential scanning calorimetry; Chemistry; Oxidizing agent; Light crude oil; Infrared spectroscopy; Asphaltene; Organic chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003162705710963208,"gpt":0.1931783745624945,"spread":0.1900156688515313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001306825,0.00008732256,0.0001745231,0.0002943644,0.0000656531,0.00004220039,0.0001037525,0.00004716571,0.00001901481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003858824,0.00007454298,0.0000302276,0.001171506,0.00004418798,0.0003177322,0.00001816251,0.00006469878,3.640166e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001795899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003753708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003028335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008171981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992658,0.000003179967,0.0001504714,0.0002417822,0.0002239083,0.0001148572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995211,0.00002247361,0.000109755,0.0001763929,0.000118615,0.00005160014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000275668,0.00001221036,0.001024733,0.00003281252,0.00004837018,1.746699e-7,0.00007779455,0.03981841,0.9568474,0.001736284,3.357851e-7,0.0003986808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008939522,0.000007933976,0.001646412,0.00007530305,0.0001040423,0.000001731731,0.0000972549,0.04043462,0.9569082,0.000001100291,0.000540279,0.00009371254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981254,0.0004346319,0.0007709158,0.00004867636,0.00001511083,0.000001493203,0.000003171514,0.00002139615,0.0005792229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980326,0.00008832873,0.0004750792,0.000002742362,0.0000146063,0.00000155582,0.000009660415,0.000005642119,0.001369755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001735184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3039775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409537208","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70033","title":"Performance Comparison Between Deep Learning Models for Fault Classification in Transmission Lines Using Time Series Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Power Systems Fault Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus VTT","keywords":"Series (stratigraphy); Artificial intelligence; Fault (geology); Computer science; Deep learning; Time series; Pattern recognition (psychology); Electric power transmission; Machine learning; Engineering; Seismology; Geology; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03974376218175018,"gpt":0.2743136382471835,"spread":0.2345698760654333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005654164,0.0001824937,0.0002405443,0.0005307207,0.0001709652,0.00008690148,0.000527051,0.00009597635,0.000001096102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005569799,0.0002019048,0.000024942,0.001074721,0.00004139073,0.001648062,0.00006330209,0.0001761364,0.000001243151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002408789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004796284,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003207355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009269384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986343,0.00001279924,0.0003826035,0.0003676382,0.0002164302,0.0003862056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994401,0.00005810128,0.00004031643,0.0003438795,0.0000538347,0.000063734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003554632,0.00000325675,0.0003667556,0.00002914908,0.000005388654,1.41005e-7,0.0001274764,0.8548914,0.118683,0.0006196471,0.000003662349,0.02526664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001488285,0.00001513102,0.000739197,0.0001763594,0.000009802727,0.000001565581,0.00004699757,0.9438674,0.03240361,0.00001068275,0.02238961,0.0001908377],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2492657,0.0002968062,0.749432,0.00001054581,0.0003748806,0.00009815812,0.000002890528,0.0003006673,0.0002183463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892887,0.0000315109,0.01042561,0.000001778133,0.00008352243,0.00002519831,0.00003094978,0.00002680446,0.00008595771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.740023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8233436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2938207374","doi":"10.1002/ese3.346","title":"Investigation on horizontal and deviated wellbore cleanout by hole cleaning device using <scp>CFD</scp> approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"National Science and Technology Major Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Rotational speed; Turbulence; Drilling; Fluid dynamics; Mechanical engineering; Volumetric flow rate; Deposition (geology); Materials science; Directional drilling; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008179394739506666,"gpt":0.178224912354545,"spread":0.1700455176150384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002542066,0.0002759611,0.0002133493,0.0002585608,0.0001441278,0.0001649789,0.0002505389,0.0001036845,0.000001915827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004285159,0.0002970666,0.00003608205,0.000833466,0.00008370237,0.0005706031,0.00007196924,0.0002188874,0.000009064656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001994332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004022476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006937046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004236182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984596,0.000009249338,0.000228561,0.0004242576,0.0003450887,0.0005332147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994047,0.00004987573,0.00003706388,0.0002461477,0.00003640848,0.0002258273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[5.407367e-7,0.000004622942,0.00067923,0.00001046482,0.000007197127,0.000001145018,0.0002036273,0.6228134,0.3620611,0.01393317,0.0000372277,0.0002482734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001736921,0.00004264113,0.000839654,0.00005149405,0.000007886608,0.00000944465,0.0001421062,0.9419646,0.05247645,0.000008949523,0.004110943,0.0001721936],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693606,0.0003725767,0.02792149,0.000002371827,0.0004734584,0.00008740804,0.00000595457,0.0003418844,0.001434234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956888,0.00002967512,0.004027585,0.00003092403,0.00007457607,0.000005624722,0.00001985885,0.00006055859,0.00006238952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3191511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158286744","doi":"10.1002/ese3.93","title":"Ozone pretreatment of humid wheat straw for biofuel production","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ryerson University","keywords":"Ozonolysis; Straw; Lignin; Ozone; Chemistry; Hydrolysis; Biofuel; Yield (engineering); Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Food science; Organic chemistry; Waste management; Materials science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01805968444748757,"gpt":0.2128764294850539,"spread":0.1948167450375664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002628078,0.0001273898,0.0001184545,0.0002049974,0.00004755083,0.00002165629,0.0001522643,0.00004760916,0.000005494051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005242038,0.000118033,0.00003873508,0.0004502354,0.00008383607,0.0003308441,0.00002328727,0.0000475794,0.000002957242],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001485382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004290934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001877055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002883565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991031,0.0000029558,0.0001610772,0.0002410772,0.0002357945,0.0002559506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995187,0.000006039199,0.00002299713,0.0002145798,0.0001081883,0.000129505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009668013,0.00003379012,0.000136431,0.00004317226,0.0000147442,4.47791e-7,0.0002080906,0.1935055,0.7951633,0.008487191,0.0003612254,0.002036538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002257627,0.00009639523,0.0001882003,0.00002016215,0.000008744018,0.000007279247,0.00008775922,0.01514328,0.9346641,0.00006442872,0.04933446,0.0001594847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9491296,0.00114482,0.04340375,0.0001913821,0.004513453,0.0002638105,0.000008117769,0.0005439388,0.0008011278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938323,0.0000415087,0.005629414,0.000005115996,0.0002089765,0.0000220406,0.000005349897,0.00001669835,0.0002385513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1783622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4813246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402808614","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1905","title":"Comprehensive case study on the technical feasibility of Green hydrogen production from photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Universidade de Pernambuco; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Energy storage; Hydrogen storage; Battery (electricity); Production (economics); Hydrogen production; Battery storage; Environmental science; Automotive engineering; Process engineering; Hydrogen; Computer science; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02689207430154033,"gpt":0.2452129329654718,"spread":0.2183208586639314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008038078,0.000353618,0.0004171568,0.0004100407,0.0002335408,0.0001445529,0.0004674653,0.0000898845,0.000009879441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001226134,0.0002612283,0.00008441452,0.001280522,0.0003181514,0.0003575902,0.0002231256,0.0002153085,0.000003068569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003466359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001235163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0914069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001843129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970727,0.0001765003,0.0005360324,0.001005343,0.00075276,0.0004566961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982589,0.0003620793,0.00009705294,0.0009865669,0.00012136,0.0001740408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007188828,0.00006607058,0.000239121,0.00001513372,0.00005759595,0.0005791282,0.0004073475,0.5379567,0.4422814,0.01816026,0.0000217099,0.0002083367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007290311,0.0007519452,0.00308741,0.0008622868,0.0001878546,0.004665777,0.008291468,0.5188354,0.4151087,0.0001982926,0.04566567,0.001616203],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945434,0.001474554,0.001502241,0.00004442073,0.001664002,0.0002206986,0.00001262952,0.0003365538,0.0002014717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990112,0.00001293097,0.00003822109,0.00001896808,0.0004286249,0.0001325685,0.000004549605,0.00005434425,0.0002985874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08956377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283760623","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1239","title":"Turbulence and thermo‐flow behavior of air in a rectangular channel with partially inclined baffles","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Baffle; Mechanics; Nusselt number; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Heat transfer; Pressure drop; Turbulence kinetic energy; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Convective heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004677870706900195,"gpt":0.1722786866746986,"spread":0.1676008159677984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003346596,0.0001606015,0.0001865749,0.0003170952,0.00007864764,0.00001391228,0.0003044312,0.00002936295,0.00001671438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001332409,0.0001619259,0.00002079907,0.000919288,0.00007305056,0.0002123237,0.00007547326,0.0001663982,2.40954e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009861498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005906821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006114941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005649128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987623,0.0000118181,0.0002026247,0.0002611603,0.000380026,0.0003820651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999633,0.00002374346,0.0000117923,0.0002092253,0.00002109678,0.0001012076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004710674,0.00001518338,0.00006267106,0.000005494845,0.000003017723,0.00003351836,0.0005498616,0.7746629,0.2171544,0.006893971,3.817973e-7,0.0006138957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004264927,0.0001939715,0.003741985,0.00006101925,0.00001186005,0.00006657593,0.0001826194,0.7414109,0.2529737,0.00004439711,0.0005164212,0.000370081],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649248,0.0003028007,0.03415458,0.00002540045,0.0002060067,0.0001025732,0.000007964612,0.0001827315,0.00009320332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966287,0.00002021882,0.003134441,0.00001283273,0.00001834326,0.0001432901,0.000001719281,0.00003340601,0.000007037556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03581932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6603147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221083836","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1114","title":"Development and assessment of renewable hydrogen production and natural gas blending systems for use in different locations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Natural gas; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Waste management; Photovoltaic system; Capital cost; Fossil fuel; Hydrogen production; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Hydrogen; Engineering; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01604500241877506,"gpt":0.2309744982718892,"spread":0.2149294958531141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006701428,0.000166681,0.0002382595,0.0005172769,0.0003035614,0.00006617053,0.0001810174,0.00002189537,0.000001732719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007745595,0.0001621259,0.00002052881,0.0004929577,0.00006057507,0.0003602751,0.0001802876,0.00008803452,3.26391e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005170562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001597857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00420685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009924535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983934,0.0000344344,0.0003725624,0.0004416136,0.0003966272,0.0003613739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994786,0.00006942495,0.0001057443,0.0002149877,0.0000443518,0.00008684663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002517802,0.0000199932,0.00112948,0.00001897634,0.00001131252,0.000001055712,0.0001508218,0.8171387,0.1233006,0.05792428,0.000003893266,0.0002983147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003562268,0.00005038126,0.004033171,0.0001451547,0.00001242114,0.0000628825,0.0007428599,0.7519926,0.1425065,0.00002200497,0.09969192,0.0003838493],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993379,0.0008065902,0.004553663,0.00002164426,0.0009443716,0.0001602932,0.000002696064,0.00005424755,0.00007749762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948046,0.0000312209,0.004191944,0.000003271587,0.00006607135,0.0003869778,0.00001198715,0.00002282586,0.0004810938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09968803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6611302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158770826","doi":"10.1002/ese3.896","title":"Energy and exergy assessment with updated Reistad estimates: A case study in the transportation sector of Bangladesh","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Efficient energy use; Sustainability; Environmental economics; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Economics; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009014462111724564,"gpt":0.2315341264576056,"spread":0.222519664345881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002479722,0.0001985821,0.0002162845,0.0002149246,0.0001177567,0.00005568261,0.0001800929,0.00004064233,0.00003561182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008378423,0.0001551946,0.00002986711,0.00101261,0.0001581295,0.0003051387,0.000009738597,0.00008122331,1.027353e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005408602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001007285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01342824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03079595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985096,0.00003631981,0.0003290965,0.0003795934,0.000440388,0.0003049434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993933,0.00007639216,0.00008286994,0.0003144906,0.00005169496,0.00008117912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008998464,0.0002053744,0.008565226,0.000006449639,0.00003260806,0.001488025,0.004104155,0.565002,0.01777983,0.4024589,0.000002153278,0.0003462747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005678799,0.001110178,0.6886867,0.000240879,0.0003314572,0.001268264,0.05230832,0.07296213,0.1488782,0.0005753142,0.02609762,0.001862117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894114,0.0001528697,0.009752385,0.00003935113,0.00005970216,0.00004640886,0.000006882377,0.00004261499,0.0004884159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979255,0.00004756471,0.001773075,0.00006348683,0.00002033871,0.00005833411,0.00003754632,0.00002278364,0.00005132673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6801215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9931414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913952550","doi":"10.1002/ese3.272","title":"Structure dependent weather normalization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Normalization (sociology); Meteorology; Computer science; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Environmental science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002446723736685878,"gpt":0.1601810326911633,"spread":0.1577343089544774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001091132,0.0001573334,0.0001078251,0.0002021535,0.00005843994,0.00007654443,0.0002820159,0.00005781112,0.0001596813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001520714,0.000153996,0.00002851375,0.0005243907,0.0000237399,0.0004704515,0.00004327885,0.0001074107,0.00002163902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009636537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002371138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001735501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009290414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989693,0.000003034627,0.0001399336,0.0002048926,0.0002911463,0.0003917197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996127,0.00001373289,0.00001605439,0.0002213782,0.00003267572,0.0001034853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[3.155755e-7,0.000001103117,0.0003160442,0.000002269004,0.000003331252,0.000001211565,0.00006831911,0.7073309,0.2087939,0.08297446,0.000007231239,0.0005008134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001622131,0.00001780394,0.0008602653,0.00004402264,0.000004412535,0.00002360339,0.0000214039,0.5542536,0.3916043,0.00006261268,0.05256566,0.0003800545],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9364368,0.0003141265,0.04691035,0.000006625723,0.002357615,0.00004037166,0.000004971614,0.0005866553,0.0133425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982176,0.00001275142,0.00119766,0.000021596,0.000139247,0.000003125473,0.000005197927,0.00003439957,0.0003684267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1828104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6279774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939822304","doi":"10.1002/ese3.342","title":"Evaluation of elastic property changes in Karamay oil sand reservoir during thermal stimulation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Xinjiang Oilfield Company; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Asphalt; Elastic modulus; Oil sands; Geotechnical engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Materials science; Geology; Mineralogy; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01157040836580437,"gpt":0.2080857082626449,"spread":0.1965152998968405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001124755,0.0001783653,0.0001896762,0.0004952286,0.00003494984,0.00003649572,0.0002445197,0.00006415774,0.00003431925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000125442,0.0001548445,0.0000288247,0.0008219236,0.00003209941,0.0003870634,0.00004278273,0.0001357404,0.000006976112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002590611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005458633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004726971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002090173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983178,0.00001612279,0.000236278,0.0002532758,0.0007666323,0.0004099131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994719,0.00004081015,0.00002995392,0.0002661009,0.0001188955,0.00007231598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001692539,0.000004593337,0.0004057379,0.00002156677,0.000004561643,5.446341e-7,0.0001248602,0.6431782,0.3544766,0.0003393947,2.806694e-7,0.001441994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003352496,0.00001577693,0.01180413,0.0001699416,0.000009206585,0.000001853819,0.00001363533,0.8325227,0.1547441,0.000004966479,0.000199423,0.0001789905],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946727,0.0003631935,0.001989622,0.00000792842,0.0006055494,0.00006511198,9.954313e-7,0.0001944548,0.002100477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993644,0.00002919613,0.0003650069,0.000001552801,0.0000725799,0.0000246556,0.000002171759,0.00003601347,0.0001044561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1997325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6314375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901630139","doi":"10.1002/ese3.252","title":"Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan University; Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Exergy efficiency; Process engineering; Stirling engine; Multi-objective optimization; Molten carbonate fuel cell; TOPSIS; Exergy; Desalination; Waste heat; Thermal efficiency; Environmental science; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mathematics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004254445904011345,"gpt":0.1872550798621829,"spread":0.1830006339581716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002805631,0.0002613685,0.0003078258,0.0002603445,0.0001456923,0.00004075109,0.0002553173,0.00008407042,0.000009149138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000097746,0.0002207213,0.00004792026,0.0006222896,0.0002459333,0.0003318863,0.00006311539,0.0001499174,6.759454e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000208311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006862212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001592438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008101217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986702,0.00001479667,0.0002306225,0.0003781782,0.0002868554,0.0004193679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994565,0.00003250099,0.00004469787,0.0002163756,0.0001291797,0.0001207253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008827951,0.00003034704,0.0003244746,0.00003114939,0.00003660404,0.000001190976,0.0005532154,0.9811648,0.01718393,0.0006014767,6.923566e-7,0.0000633226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003499998,0.0001376569,0.005016821,0.0000539561,0.0000374879,0.000009938854,0.0005248277,0.991816,0.00174557,0.000003188506,0.00002179382,0.0002826967],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4956418,0.0002658809,0.4947581,0.00000244498,0.0002624685,0.0001082656,0.000003758109,0.0001680027,0.008789239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.967361,0.0001204201,0.03235431,0.000005592242,0.00005139709,0.00002489475,0.000004961611,0.00003165586,0.00004576302],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4717192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9000753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285589246","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1252","title":"Power augmentation of ducted wind turbines for urban structures: Experimental, numerical, and economic approaches","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Solidity; Turbine; Wind power; Marine engineering; Duct (anatomy); Tip-speed ratio; Electricity generation; Small wind turbine; Environmental science; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Power (physics); Computer science; Electrical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01363662604139205,"gpt":0.2116349778032519,"spread":0.1979983517618599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523175,0.0001270134,0.0001361237,0.0002270212,0.0001603861,0.00004222858,0.0002070957,0.00001833035,0.00006454175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001260349,0.0001330403,0.00002793424,0.0002435464,0.00006993415,0.0002292187,0.0001008452,0.00006173905,2.648748e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002030052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006308406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002387599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.772701e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990814,0.000005813086,0.0001704985,0.000221384,0.000220651,0.0003001951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997044,0.00002753465,0.00002268654,0.0001245235,0.00001252279,0.000108283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008875047,0.000009243775,0.00007100772,0.000004552449,0.0000154729,5.893362e-7,0.0004232138,0.852045,0.1074574,0.03964965,0.0001751814,0.000139814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007704666,0.000218688,0.003321597,0.000008660461,0.000005422178,0.00001985373,0.001241807,0.346941,0.6051285,0.0001172322,0.04174246,0.0004843939],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919483,0.000723085,0.006334728,0.00001615592,0.0004458785,0.00008795171,0.00001224734,0.00009530428,0.0003363615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959959,0.000007394309,0.003792888,0.000007592527,0.00004093305,0.00007796712,0.00001247607,0.00002152829,0.00004325323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.505104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5425227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2957240270","doi":"10.1002/ese3.402","title":"Effect of the vertical stress on <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub> flow behavior and permeability variation in coalbed methane reservoirs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coalbed methane; Permeability (electromagnetism); Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Coal; Tight gas; Overburden pressure; Geotechnical engineering; Stress (linguistics); Methane; Reservoir simulation; Stress field; Petrology; Coal mining; Engineering; Finite element method; Chemistry; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004755835045838219,"gpt":0.1982932378465683,"spread":0.1935374028007301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005553409,0.0001359329,0.0001614809,0.0001282891,0.00003693793,0.00003108328,0.0002072949,0.00006367376,0.000002014398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003715199,0.0001020512,0.00003477807,0.0004759014,0.00006774127,0.0002186544,0.0000663517,0.0001391269,0.00000166012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001083329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002082381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005134422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000302017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989648,0.00003944201,0.00018206,0.0002288191,0.0003170455,0.0002678274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994116,0.0002073516,0.00001461407,0.000275175,0.00002777763,0.00006349848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003236087,0.000008413268,0.003899525,0.00001903562,0.000001712128,3.337057e-7,0.0001385054,0.521502,0.4729662,0.0007865975,7.354139e-7,0.0006737147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001455973,0.00006444041,0.07756218,0.0000398033,0.000005111467,7.068996e-7,0.000009271843,0.3771988,0.5448916,0.000002340924,0.00004308235,0.00003701951],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983357,0.00006562346,0.0008818638,0.000005891273,0.0003664968,0.0001611441,0.000003521582,0.00005462567,0.0001251374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998791,0.00001390694,0.00003421549,0.000003868417,0.00002020359,0.00002337977,0.000001712521,0.00001578773,0.000007887505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1443031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4161527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981527560","doi":"10.1002/ese3.529","title":"In‐situ stress determination and fracture characterization using image logs: The Paleogene Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing; PetroChina Company Limited; China University of Petroleum, Beijing","keywords":"Geology; Borehole; Paleogene; Fracture (geology); Structural basin; Petrology; Well logging; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Petroleum engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002722935355291881,"gpt":0.1872960492300145,"spread":0.1845731138747226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003308234,0.0001705255,0.0001686353,0.0004722665,0.00009659961,0.0001537701,0.000220643,0.00007787727,0.00001512857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004119016,0.0001396878,0.00003151171,0.0008208219,0.0000388223,0.001600604,0.00004888162,0.0001956,0.000001809165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001635028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001475026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008038372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008976061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989062,0.00001945162,0.0002526205,0.0002247037,0.0002538997,0.0003431102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996223,0.00003206305,0.00004797075,0.0002150907,0.00002607828,0.00005652563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[9.130502e-7,0.000004174737,0.0006944449,0.00001469383,0.000002147772,0.000004010908,0.0005298356,0.6858158,0.3121011,0.00003288492,3.336044e-7,0.000799669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001232177,0.000005240283,0.05992451,0.0001006667,0.000004874509,0.00001096569,0.0000573775,0.7820169,0.1568082,0.000004023106,0.0007854031,0.0001586263],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9076201,0.0001639261,0.09159905,0.00009889378,0.0002294487,0.00007696812,0.000001691853,0.0000606081,0.0001492613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992027,0.0001118711,0.0005212971,0.00004192617,0.00006278254,0.000009377299,0.0000128992,0.00001948997,0.00001760968],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1552928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5696304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970941718","doi":"10.1002/ese3.454","title":"Slip and instability mechanisms of coal‐rock parting‐coal structure (<scp>CRCS</scp>) under coupled dynamic and static loading","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Instability; Classification of discontinuities; Slip (aerodynamics); Coal; Geology; Dynamic stress; Geotechnical engineering; Dynamic load testing; Dynamic loading; Mechanics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004806650800763673,"gpt":0.1888906024098572,"spread":0.1840839516090935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003266101,0.0002443741,0.0002970947,0.0002102976,0.0001014288,0.00007688896,0.0002101116,0.0000884134,0.000005911009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007072197,0.0002481778,0.000031371,0.0003073352,0.00003205671,0.0003686367,0.0001368485,0.0001768676,7.271505e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009265697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004461333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002839436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000171797,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984573,0.000007716484,0.0003124567,0.0003913792,0.0003274011,0.0005038219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993473,0.0001035521,0.00005769101,0.0002633364,0.00004853774,0.0001795549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[4.567081e-7,0.000002251669,0.0000363196,0.00002654703,0.000006941679,4.774132e-7,0.0001532629,0.5705377,0.4004509,0.02873571,3.505967e-7,0.00004909678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002151471,0.00003477541,0.0003366195,0.00005707368,0.00001077798,0.000009338712,0.0002933739,0.9005919,0.09635464,0.00188762,0.00008153189,0.0001272149],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6200987,0.0002090432,0.3792031,0.000003384272,0.0002958861,0.00006472527,0.0000049402,0.00009321586,0.00002702456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961174,0.0000482082,0.003732253,0.00001740294,0.00001549038,0.000005612674,0.000003221606,0.00003909639,0.00002136423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3760187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386587342","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1559","title":"A comprehensive review into the effects of different parameters on the hydrogen‐added HCCI diesel engine","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition; Diesel fuel; Combustion; Gasoline; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Thermal efficiency; Diesel engine; Engineering; Waste management; Combustion chamber; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02973637971391258,"gpt":0.2831006909833466,"spread":0.253364311269434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003432058,0.0008337438,0.00165664,0.0004826802,0.0001822802,0.00003505775,0.002494319,0.0001964837,0.000006338189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003243313,0.0004541397,0.0005541484,0.002958164,0.0004316393,0.0001159637,0.000682632,0.0009947604,0.00002518777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003481166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007311872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001333034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.834526e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968432,0.00005957232,0.0008070358,0.0007000146,0.0008243689,0.0007658181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943086,0.003568094,0.0003250011,0.001573993,0.0001002418,0.0001240898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002706621,0.00006199415,9.731878e-8,0.03282285,0.0005304713,0.00004005748,0.000168666,0.3819782,0.002684487,0.2478887,0.0002392053,0.3335827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001350058,0.0001079999,8.998728e-7,0.07075386,0.0004444709,0.00001825651,0.00003337722,0.02383127,0.01169935,0.0002266525,0.8918086,0.0009402516],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001765574,0.9914152,0.005941491,0.0001235094,0.0006278665,0.0006934971,0.000006550334,0.000986716,0.00002859528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001257995,0.9970158,0.0005169981,0.00007038792,0.00006589862,0.0008343817,0.00001343348,0.0001327769,0.0000923167],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8915694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042917922","doi":"10.1002/ese3.769","title":"A semi‐analytical model for capturing dynamic behavior of hydraulic fractures during flowback period in tight oil reservoir","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geomechanics; Hydraulic fracturing; Fracture (geology); Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Displacement (psychology); Discontinuity (linguistics); Classification of discontinuities; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00855915896456266,"gpt":0.2297995483578846,"spread":0.2212403893933219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002872072,0.0003413268,0.0004974874,0.0005228035,0.0001265703,0.00007700406,0.0007233559,0.0001229782,0.00002584779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001892006,0.0003341912,0.0002099435,0.001107246,0.0001176409,0.0004193332,0.0001502393,0.0003507196,0.000003083638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002225177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008314278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007891109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009109765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975411,0.00001032727,0.0005372853,0.000531935,0.0005279226,0.0008514412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990858,0.00005293653,0.00005120371,0.0003948269,0.00006467661,0.0003505154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009118631,0.00001779059,0.00006855464,0.00007187349,0.0000250239,0.00001718666,0.0008175712,0.9086732,0.08981109,0.0003138112,0.00000764989,0.0001671569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003458152,0.0000147755,0.001070172,0.0000812454,0.00004042512,0.000006588806,0.0000617606,0.9527882,0.04463065,0.000008021612,0.0005971246,0.0003552307],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9294307,0.000601496,0.06888951,0.0002393319,0.0001356177,0.00006999382,0.00001229063,0.0002806486,0.0003403749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973403,0.00006296379,0.002167041,0.00003010489,0.0000914298,0.00007374382,0.000007237642,0.00006909479,0.0001580627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06790959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407311238","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1977","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Using Palm Oil Clinker: Environmental and Engineering Aspects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Geopolymer cement; Geopolymer; Palm oil; Environmental science; Engineering; Petroleum engineering; Construction engineering; Civil engineering; Waste management; Agroforestry; Fly ash","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01442513129861604,"gpt":0.2639619820250489,"spread":0.2495368507264329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004605102,0.0006225891,0.001621698,0.0007765229,0.0001106322,0.0001052322,0.0005972909,0.0001810076,0.00009158482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009060119,0.0006259616,0.0002340356,0.000948485,0.0001772656,0.0003151127,0.0005192428,0.0003336813,0.000003780527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000377132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003033449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004599625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.249064e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970765,0.00003561225,0.0007975369,0.0005624001,0.0005709723,0.0009569711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887,0.0002002689,0.0001173643,0.0005251698,0.00005774625,0.0002294327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006576985,0.00001531797,0.000002708811,0.6182436,0.0007703032,0.0003631467,0.0001440039,0.01539565,0.06642395,0.0655158,0.0001304401,0.2329884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001247678,0.0000241928,0.000001276015,0.04711239,0.0002262501,0.00004647923,0.00002468929,0.005263399,0.001891381,0.000001241545,0.9446654,0.0006184756],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008238995,0.9976673,0.0002871563,0.000002077279,0.0004054763,0.0002265108,0.00003514112,0.0001467367,0.0004056901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009850247,0.9981454,0.0003673481,0.00001541449,0.0001094222,0.00008238812,0.00003385248,0.00007975709,0.0001814082],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.944535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969068731","doi":"10.1002/ese3.394","title":"Enhancing biomass hydrolysis for biofuel production through hydrodynamic modeling and reactor design","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Impeller; Computational fluid dynamics; Slurry; Mixing (physics); Enzymatic hydrolysis; Materials science; Chemistry; Mechanics; Hydrolysis; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01020310106182687,"gpt":0.1953420631754829,"spread":0.185138962113656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000414894,0.0002029927,0.0001692168,0.0002667579,0.000113868,0.00007616068,0.0001757629,0.00008404223,0.000006788368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005138511,0.0001995892,0.00004702312,0.0005886216,0.00005110447,0.000857383,0.00004108685,0.0000950346,0.000007564902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001351737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000275257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002861087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002808478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986622,0.000006435463,0.0002081471,0.0004954879,0.0002141526,0.0004135409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995403,0.00002196481,0.00002776224,0.000270176,0.00005483945,0.00008493051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003251932,0.000003653764,0.0000110476,0.00002854906,0.000007131405,1.559369e-7,0.00008929241,0.3538536,0.6449212,0.0008123983,0.000003352362,0.0002662738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009610206,0.00002161829,0.00001315918,0.00002256876,0.000007395447,0.00000720755,0.00004015787,0.5985479,0.3983945,0.00007353575,0.002593532,0.0001822896],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6307759,0.0003656581,0.3669246,0.00005980989,0.001325858,0.0001533337,0.000001146225,0.000338634,0.00005504238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822529,0.0001039903,0.01729104,0.00001344585,0.0001783019,0.00002521212,0.000004169502,0.00003566554,0.00009525593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.351477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8139013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767297312","doi":"10.1002/ese3.177","title":"Application of polynomial chaos theory as an accurate and computationally efficient proxy model for heterogeneous steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Natural Resources; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Proxy (statistics); Steam-assisted gravity drainage; Reservoir simulation; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Polynomial chaos; Uncertainty quantification; Probabilistic logic; Algorithm; Petroleum engineering; Applied mathematics; Data mining; Mathematics; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Statistics; Monte Carlo method; Oil sands","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01782307884412214,"gpt":0.2923013181367617,"spread":0.2744782392926396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009528118,0.0001981693,0.0002185185,0.0002243121,0.000288186,0.0001542229,0.0005488857,0.00007609674,8.107237e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002512617,0.0002065507,0.00005345834,0.0001566586,0.0001554595,0.0003704231,0.00008733756,0.000091895,3.652869e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007249693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005213519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002243092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004020433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987253,0.00001790958,0.0002817992,0.0003404651,0.0002969552,0.0003375756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989378,0.000118563,0.00009094688,0.000543259,0.0001339417,0.0001754637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000153822,0.00001346792,0.00001374981,0.00002155501,0.00001012466,5.923171e-7,0.0002417864,0.8916153,0.0555493,0.05100355,5.904388e-7,0.0015146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003524212,0.00003607544,0.001348209,0.00001919862,0.000008527933,0.000005504766,0.00001430173,0.9783742,0.01868573,0.0007258992,0.0002154748,0.0002145037],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4612676,0.00004667832,0.5382702,0.000008533671,0.0001102971,0.0001201436,0.000009085017,0.0001112469,0.00005613035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9564565,0.000004634812,0.04330999,0.000004981614,0.00006211515,0.000075683,0.00001049133,0.00003685685,0.00003876672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4951889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8422891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995757197","doi":"10.1002/ese3.558","title":"Dynamic capillarity during displacement process in fractured tight reservoirs with multiple fluid viscosities","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Universiteit Utrecht; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Oklahoma","keywords":"Capillary pressure; Capillary action; Mechanics; Materials science; Porous medium; Viscosity; Viscous fingering; Displacement (psychology); Permeability (electromagnetism); Capillary number; Relative permeability; Saturation (graph theory); Fluid dynamics; Multiphase flow; Volumetric flow rate; Enhanced oil recovery; Contact angle; Flow (mathematics); Petroleum engineering; Porosity; Composite material; Geology; Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.001470244473672921,"gpt":0.1855371666816811,"spread":0.1840669222080082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002069343,0.0002756123,0.000237133,0.0004407246,0.00007110124,0.00008879526,0.0004568405,0.00007883771,0.00002128785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003662852,0.0002573904,0.00003068384,0.0008375287,0.00006755994,0.0009124402,0.00007182287,0.0002459653,0.000005519885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005159451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005375139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006835789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002596477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982498,0.00000701699,0.0002345255,0.0004015182,0.0004715025,0.0006356941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993814,0.00004249651,0.00003047689,0.0003893887,0.00004715294,0.0001091193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001019492,0.000008478428,0.001766681,0.00003501184,0.000005591839,0.000007908969,0.0003061567,0.767271,0.2297703,0.0007929642,0.000001401381,0.00002430673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003252881,0.00004618043,0.01711941,0.0002486641,0.000002819069,0.000008369057,0.00009249488,0.4995978,0.4813487,0.00002231243,0.0007645297,0.0004234309],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809645,0.0002830585,0.01708374,0.00001369469,0.0002407659,0.000148301,0.000003359764,0.0006202857,0.0006422793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966478,0.00005913428,0.003020409,0.000008439861,0.00001639682,0.00008098973,0.000004951224,0.00005502148,0.0001068166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2676733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}