{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":36,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":36,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"92e5a1474335","filters":{"venue":"Environmental Challenges"}},"results":[{"id":"W3109457889","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2020.100004","title":"Recent advances in the concrete industry to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":373,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Production (economics); Construction industry; Portland cement; Zero emission; Business; Natural resource economics; Waste management; Environmental science; Cement; Engineering; Construction engineering; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04215266329238587,"gpt":0.2658820309315111,"spread":0.2237293676391252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001183826,0.0001304316,0.0001250352,0.00002540129,0.00002993357,0.00001295292,0.0002354373,0.00008778602,0.0003715995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002011638,0.0001056791,0.00001997304,0.00006873364,0.00002027447,0.00007933276,0.00008908074,0.0003028571,0.00007337006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006183004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004503799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001133806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002621309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991004,0.00006364111,0.0001471162,0.0001939883,0.0002434367,0.0002513911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996663,0.00003731192,0.00001118004,0.0001504664,0.000001315436,0.0001333791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005685531,0.00001098067,0.0002160176,0.00009385752,0.0000221297,0.00004622988,0.007332442,0.001346761,0.9245636,0.00004617426,0.0003662255,0.06589867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000562973,0.0002436707,0.004300563,0.00007192206,0.0000103974,0.00000587309,0.01152453,0.0008491297,0.3393614,0.00001482789,0.6426446,0.0004100915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9419339,0.04219662,8.785706e-7,0.006888798,0.00007979971,0.0002674418,0.00001197158,0.00004894612,0.008571588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8974586,0.1020467,0.000009440444,0.0002251098,0.0001430432,0.00006701743,0.000005640787,0.00001888866,0.00002559674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6422784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4309467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122306211","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100029","title":"Single-use plastic bag policies in the Southern African development community","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Association of Commonwealth Universities","keywords":"Business; Plastic bag; Enforcement; Plastic pollution; Tourism; Psychological intervention; Environmental planning; Public policy; Economic growth; Political science; Pollution; Geography; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04382663922256788,"gpt":0.2036586328233819,"spread":0.159831993600814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003074488,0.0001878318,0.0001354975,0.00002787728,0.0002873986,0.00004580735,0.0002801147,0.00006894185,0.0009531672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008608636,0.0001490115,0.00003833735,0.00008817012,0.0002262265,0.00009854967,0.0003239787,0.0003179492,0.0007265645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002741087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001097517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002293395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004819588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985225,0.0003421448,0.0002236081,0.0002342541,0.0003420387,0.0003354572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989634,0.0005748974,0.00006039163,0.0003292483,9.262379e-7,0.00007115819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002066688,0.01046235,0.1467,0.0001204221,0.0001754268,0.0004216271,0.3609122,0.008143744,0.3626962,0.001160193,0.001352178,0.107649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004908849,0.0001239751,0.8844299,0.00003567762,0.00001914637,0.0000688583,0.0376132,0.000150766,0.005564149,0.0001990655,0.07088942,0.0004149638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949754,0.0002911156,0.0000913166,0.0003236912,0.00008996813,0.00009443175,0.00003982247,0.00001642414,0.004077771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998799,0.0001999525,0.0004627921,0.000168153,0.00002802274,0.00001563659,0.0000304455,0.0000159962,0.0002800245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.73773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162134067","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100119","title":"Plant selection for green roofs and their impact on carbon sequestration and the building carbon footprint","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Green roof; Carbon footprint; Environmental science; Vegetation (pathology); Carbon sequestration; Roof; Greenhouse; Agricultural engineering; Environmental engineering; Greenhouse gas; Engineering; Civil engineering; Ecology; Agronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0155751692280354,"gpt":0.2154167823043805,"spread":0.1998416130763451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002261142,0.0001733685,0.0001419379,0.00001649182,0.0001226674,0.00002167798,0.00004730955,0.00007166403,0.00001546336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009917495,0.0001106404,0.0000414586,0.00002644351,0.0001482023,0.00004402716,0.00007589518,0.0001078857,0.000001036335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002113041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000458163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002968696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004562118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999122,0.00009299218,0.0001256824,0.0003409027,0.0001382205,0.0001802051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996204,0.0001402525,0.00005044221,0.0001284003,0.00000110058,0.00005937328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008748847,0.0003408636,0.1084427,0.00008770659,0.0002158788,0.000009646822,0.013819,0.002058906,0.6991012,0.002765877,0.00002227556,0.1722611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003480067,0.001121031,0.6577124,0.0000665231,0.00008099049,0.000188977,0.002333993,0.03210809,0.2918735,0.00921045,0.001192793,0.0006312481],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959068,0.001258535,0.00002772314,0.0008698712,0.0000420038,0.0003589421,0.00001591363,0.00002079426,0.001499388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983363,0.001274353,0.00009793643,0.00003289941,0.00007966885,0.00006312133,0.00001632369,0.00001687993,0.00008251242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5492697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4511786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173525912","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100185","title":"Attitudinal and behavioural segments on single-use plastics in Ghana: Implications for reducing marine plastic pollution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Geographic Society","keywords":"Geography; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05203315374082276,"gpt":0.2377704647913281,"spread":0.1857373110505054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008661313,0.0001972799,0.0001588955,0.00005085054,0.0001617138,0.00003211445,0.00007316631,0.00009290268,0.0002628323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009879788,0.0002103347,0.00003863346,0.00006108474,0.0001325484,0.0001477736,0.0002109681,0.000132831,0.00004676273],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004275656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007198394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004698571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004174589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987537,0.00003825593,0.0002358015,0.0004887874,0.0001568615,0.0003265426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993578,0.0002709149,0.00007516675,0.0001771934,0.00000200127,0.0001168744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005152395,0.004326616,0.4848181,0.0001181627,0.0001101879,0.00007648506,0.001644335,0.01193048,0.4154364,0.004086832,0.0007532533,0.07618391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008030358,0.0002982688,0.9934916,0.00004477662,0.00003841053,0.00004454295,0.0002323975,0.000860484,0.003171275,0.0002321076,0.0005306094,0.0002524911],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971758,0.0001890597,0.000947604,0.0006836263,0.0002172682,0.0002106125,0.0002307156,0.00001720189,0.000328074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969528,0.0004324538,0.002164727,0.00006426144,0.00004535931,0.00003774411,0.0001074507,0.0000218062,0.0001733415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5086735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8577199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203258711","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100299","title":"Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Downscaling; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Structural basin; Climatology; General Circulation Model; Environmental science; Climate model; Climate change; Geography; Geology; Oceanography; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05781709638189604,"gpt":0.270684915522973,"spread":0.2128678191410769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005205754,0.0001365538,0.0002656477,0.00001715195,0.00002966597,0.000005148082,0.0002066956,0.00009319076,0.0004463757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001561279,0.0001160715,0.00005413971,0.0001298473,0.0002176571,0.0001063603,0.0002427541,0.00008778687,0.00001184106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001383237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006718402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009328875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008094326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984741,0.0001888863,0.0003336668,0.0003251174,0.0004512312,0.0002270349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993571,0.0001350246,0.0001096726,0.0003409227,0.000003341652,0.00005395073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004270345,0.005585843,0.2930857,0.001295018,0.0001334254,0.00006109333,0.04956396,0.3108582,0.2178223,0.07864074,0.0001241051,0.04240264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000693073,0.0002407683,0.9336792,0.0001096498,0.00006660519,0.00001258597,0.02840047,0.0189608,0.009320302,0.007912118,0.0002532552,0.000351164],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945976,0.0003186412,0.001176474,0.001168667,0.0000483631,0.0002284899,0.0003657051,0.000004881859,0.00209123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970702,0.001176616,0.001604329,0.00007234484,0.0000244431,0.00001067196,0.00003086982,0.000008215269,0.000002300711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6405935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4887501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296311569","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2022.100620","title":"Artificial turf and crumb rubber infill: An international policy review concerning the current state of regulations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Fuel Cell Technologies Program; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","keywords":"Infill; Crumb rubber; Agency (philosophy); Legislature; European union; China; Legislation; Business; Political science; Environmental planning; Engineering; Civil engineering; Geography; Law; International trade; Sociology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06300091505673548,"gpt":0.3252572151418247,"spread":0.2622563000850892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003656779,0.0001149891,0.0001245187,0.00003245668,0.0002921878,0.0000129133,0.000345664,0.00001068811,0.003089572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001360639,0.00009380756,0.00004342312,0.00008079618,0.0003870992,0.0002169549,0.0005531955,0.0002469222,0.00004071486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002043228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001095634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006453088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008428422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984886,0.000194294,0.0002330255,0.0002694104,0.0006078224,0.0002068198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995038,0.00005067121,0.0001032307,0.0002576511,0.000001449136,0.00008318457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001810948,0.000123459,0.006713566,0.00002092965,0.00001406458,0.000001469663,0.001956323,0.0006804863,0.002264016,0.0001737201,0.0002176028,0.9878163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001960915,0.0001936296,0.4788206,0.00005614424,0.00001800204,0.00002011962,0.0006737813,0.0008970596,0.0007059569,0.001633858,0.5165196,0.0002651738],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.879328,0.1118182,0.00000634646,0.004291807,0.0001324569,0.0003324976,0.0001741365,0.0000149786,0.00390155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9140185,0.08542506,0.00002856678,0.0001398519,0.00006574963,0.00006380287,0.00003909258,0.00001156593,0.0002078215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9875511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217290390","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100385","title":"Climate change projections and trends simulated from the CMIP5 models for the Lake Tana sub-basin, the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) River Basin, Ethiopia","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bangalore University; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","keywords":"Downscaling; Coupled model intercomparison project; Representative Concentration Pathways; Climatology; Environmental science; Precipitation; Climate change; Climate model; Radiative forcing; Forcing (mathematics); Structural basin; Meteorology; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05209110708573357,"gpt":0.2478664866335119,"spread":0.1957753795477783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005232854,0.0003105801,0.0002373671,0.00001827675,0.001066676,0.00007429672,0.0003673415,0.0001717521,0.001277192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002627605,0.0001765098,0.0001749854,0.0001245026,0.0008056582,0.0003284401,0.0005936763,0.0003321802,0.00006918745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001190241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005829194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003373649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004114794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997941,0.0002441471,0.0002727697,0.000687259,0.0003663065,0.0004884963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981068,0.0009338536,0.00009850172,0.0007679634,0.000004716311,0.00008818054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001014156,0.005054814,0.06484258,0.0002017691,0.001505692,0.00007190069,0.2856193,0.1102558,0.01657583,0.01191598,0.01092583,0.4920164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002964016,0.0003632794,0.5834278,0.0001081714,0.00074909,0.00005746363,0.01784393,0.1609564,0.003147253,0.00937637,0.219633,0.001373285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9589955,0.004701481,0.0002325097,0.03196737,0.0002928315,0.001040975,0.001352567,0.00007136336,0.001345385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805449,0.01701317,0.000170803,0.001379784,0.0001816224,0.000263177,0.0001225699,0.00004400043,0.0002800396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5185852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323276329","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2023.100700","title":"A critical review of the transformation of biomass into commodity chemicals: Prominence of pretreatments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Waste management; Commercialization; Natural resource economics; Population; Commodity chemicals; Greenhouse gas; Value added; Environmental engineering; Business; Engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Economics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.067128190198825,"gpt":0.2949173372533043,"spread":0.2277891470544793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001715879,0.0001930903,0.0007014092,0.00004087186,0.00001507238,0.000001022621,0.0002138238,0.0001607168,0.00004938327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002328222,0.0001283422,0.0002807338,0.00009081591,0.0002056167,0.00005753167,0.00006080657,0.0001352701,0.0000133036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008590108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008631069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002079413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.648664e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989119,0.00007360076,0.0005434087,0.0001491056,0.000230946,0.00009102945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994581,0.00005613705,0.0001450877,0.0003070074,0.000005401441,0.00002827907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001510478,0.0001041005,8.521585e-7,0.686878,0.0001029177,1.722344e-7,0.0001982684,1.489912e-7,0.0004659416,0.00001252308,0.00007546331,0.3121602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002794249,0.0001638755,0.00005892776,0.1849245,0.001114219,0.00001546387,0.0002361581,0.0000328085,0.04017904,0.00007675009,0.7724694,0.0004494209],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001383101,0.998642,0.000004529658,0.0001189355,0.0001400994,0.0006499278,0.0001500558,0.0000235208,0.0001326623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005523434,0.9942837,0.00004200402,0.00000214885,0.00001891471,0.00004371901,0.00005490479,0.00002130126,0.000009874223],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7723939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5233642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134348374","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100077","title":"Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential for emergency water demand in the era of COVID-19. The case of Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Manitoba Beekeepers' Association","keywords":"Rainwater harvesting; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Estimation; Water resource management; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Environmental science; Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Engineering; Virology; Geotechnical engineering; Biology; Ecology; Medicine; Outbreak","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0291458778382972,"gpt":0.2829675636237862,"spread":0.253821685785489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004469547,0.0001103806,0.0001716529,0.00003136067,0.0001036601,0.000008293385,0.0001350898,0.00006523058,0.0001791341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004436204,0.00006355729,0.0001033214,0.0000312085,0.0001189458,0.0000783286,0.00006222621,0.0001206758,0.000001661438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002471452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004172256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001324952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000204057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989225,0.0002203186,0.0003835241,0.0001785249,0.0001489877,0.0001461955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995291,0.000114022,0.000102774,0.000217171,0.000008211284,0.00002873317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001948739,0.003912899,0.00867632,0.005897641,0.0003628739,0.0004904555,0.5654001,0.03420718,0.3224883,0.0006698039,0.0006112877,0.05533435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005745786,0.0005113372,0.01530303,0.0002636327,0.0002637531,0.0007228797,0.06838989,0.007209923,0.8903689,0.009577864,0.00114425,0.0004987009],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855881,0.001691238,0.0003638308,0.01176585,0.0001304069,0.0003415691,0.00007169427,0.000005458994,0.00004180385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992372,0.0002373406,0.0002109372,0.0001364705,0.00005837931,0.00002499166,0.00004977734,0.00001353953,0.0000313097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5678806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2591791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1538243704","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-4369-1_2","title":"Recent Developments in Microbiotesting and Early Millennium Prospects","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aquatic toxicology; Environmental science; Biota; Biology; Fishery; Ecology; Toxicity; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01871652703857534,"gpt":0.1948154378406698,"spread":0.1760989108020944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002342724,0.0007184293,0.000602764,0.0001391051,0.0002189705,0.00002198349,0.0003284507,0.0008900852,0.0136337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006161212,0.000789688,0.0000799533,0.00003145125,0.0008721684,0.0001801404,0.0007042754,0.0008412399,0.002736884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009152212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000831287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000815317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001989471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970667,0.00005495163,0.000585467,0.001282656,0.0003130382,0.0006971337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990823,0.00007865675,0.0002190846,0.0003949881,5.016776e-7,0.0002245189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005299027,0.001781061,0.07415504,0.0001830369,0.0003806792,0.001508462,0.005492367,0.0003483603,0.02570314,0.001915918,0.003021462,0.8849806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001314036,0.0005262292,0.1804318,0.0001861945,0.00005132719,0.0001992036,0.0000998198,0.000005727665,0.001502813,0.003392575,0.8107332,0.001557007],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.21678,0.0226988,1.491553e-7,0.0003568341,0.00017855,0.0009073683,0.00003191929,0.00005962325,0.7589868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3149667,0.4329454,0.001115674,0.0005647315,0.000135451,0.0001370889,0.0000599128,0.0002629439,0.2498121],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8834236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323980905","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2023.100706","title":"Correlates of flood preparedness in urban households: Evidence from the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre; Environment for Development","keywords":"Flood myth; Preparedness; Metropolitan area; Geography; Socioeconomics; Household income; Emergency management; Environmental planning; Business; Economic growth; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04230949158620336,"gpt":0.2433907666726024,"spread":0.201081275086399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003694301,0.0002208096,0.000282942,0.00005459927,0.00005936378,0.000009667006,0.0005785052,0.0000778959,0.0009241475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002213642,0.0001623897,0.00009778031,0.00020964,0.0003724399,0.0002758132,0.0007330423,0.0001280712,0.0001792449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002849605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004465014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001277241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008271981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981716,0.0001269139,0.0003812527,0.0004530847,0.000542251,0.000324927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989654,0.0002325511,0.000163795,0.0005792275,0.000001154489,0.00005788012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007306507,0.0004170655,0.9677306,0.00003790256,0.0001130854,0.00002097822,0.01680124,0.001111664,0.008024048,0.0001040649,0.002179226,0.003387102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004451352,0.000204595,0.968048,0.0001303496,0.00006067283,5.735099e-7,0.02385391,0.0005201063,0.005799268,0.0003407237,0.000380895,0.000215798],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949377,0.002473469,0.000009523848,0.0004276964,0.0001216915,0.0003781261,0.00004692957,0.00004081909,0.001564072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938088,0.005657501,0.0001118071,0.00002008286,0.00002767075,0.00005498427,0.00001919262,0.00002645436,0.0002734743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007052673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402653582","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.101014","title":"Mobilizing Evidence-based Knowledge for Sustainable Wetlands Co-management and Co-governance amidst increasing Anthropogenic and Environmental Stressors: Key Lessons from Mityana District, Uganda","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Future Earth","funders":"National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"Stressor; Corporate governance; Wetland; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Key (lock); Environmental governance; Business; Environmental science; Ecology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03181131448351221,"gpt":0.26091529731476,"spread":0.2291039828312478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004569877,0.000383891,0.0003250992,0.00004904808,0.0005617199,0.0001431457,0.0002328221,0.0001333707,0.0006445268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001649281,0.0003599097,0.0001039844,0.00006114021,0.0006322544,0.0006234959,0.0004408423,0.0001674167,0.00009773816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008818902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008777628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004213596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001669835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976838,0.0001248727,0.0002933877,0.0009874509,0.0003903039,0.0005201694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989145,0.0004478352,0.0001099667,0.00031288,0.000001112513,0.0002136507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008405229,0.002073391,0.7850537,0.002864251,0.0008663312,0.0006501759,0.00908351,0.00023045,0.02157232,0.001384568,0.005298292,0.1700825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00241649,0.0007061565,0.8835811,0.0008978699,0.0004357371,0.0000308042,0.02624473,0.01080377,0.006292159,0.0004327245,0.06674682,0.001411641],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523355,0.04432894,0.000225314,0.0004553652,0.0000721891,0.0007792823,0.0007544796,0.00007050408,0.0009783666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766591,0.02197885,0.0003557984,0.00002991336,0.00008108148,0.00006342407,0.000160299,0.00003422206,0.0006373383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1686709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402525907","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.101005","title":"Sharing landscapes with megaherbivores: Human-elephant interactions northeast of Tarangire National Park","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Canadian Anthropology Society; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Lethbridge","keywords":"National park; Geography; Ecology; Environmental resource management; Archaeology; Environmental science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01901538673038043,"gpt":0.2392623079728396,"spread":0.2202469212424591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001289566,0.0001282742,0.0001086302,0.00004411601,0.0001226434,0.00001336464,0.0001370992,0.0000481549,0.002533799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000326257,0.0001074976,0.00004715221,0.0000598741,0.0001442947,0.000299277,0.0000948274,0.0001305043,0.0003137803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001234295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006770538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003612571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008581629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990754,0.00002369683,0.0001647861,0.0003152427,0.0002705471,0.0001503612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999732,0.00005554796,0.00004673056,0.0001209109,0.000001538985,0.00004332809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009637852,0.000642497,0.9602195,0.0001310912,0.0002832039,0.00004820015,0.004319839,0.002584559,0.01783452,0.003937786,0.001225387,0.008677059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002445996,0.0001580503,0.9842673,0.00009908122,0.00003233291,0.00003906569,0.0008810259,0.001408885,0.0007049799,0.0009555727,0.01099903,0.0002101031],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866337,0.001173392,0.00002987129,0.0008461648,0.00008849091,0.0001093066,0.00001627555,0.00004781326,0.01105505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988281,0.0002649163,0.0001220768,0.00005451134,0.00006758051,0.00004418153,0.00002993011,0.00001663229,0.0005720588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02404779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378373172","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2023.100735","title":"Comparative study of deterministic and probabilistic assessments of microbial risk associated with combined sewer overflows upstream of drinking water intakes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Combined sewer; Environmental science; Outfall; Upstream (networking); Probabilistic logic; Risk assessment; Water quality; Bayesian network; Probabilistic risk assessment; Risk analysis (engineering); Watershed; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Statistics; Stormwater; Mathematics; Ecology; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03062585041176807,"gpt":0.2464476145812594,"spread":0.2158217641694914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002700901,0.0002110717,0.0004082454,0.00007752727,0.00009195212,0.000006133404,0.0001885305,0.00004853534,0.0001785851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009417629,0.000161855,0.00003859473,0.00009649066,0.000519485,0.0001306696,0.0004341543,0.0001048957,0.00002109359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001258944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002612436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008830749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000481119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984223,0.000178212,0.0003815789,0.0003638182,0.0004042012,0.0002499107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999271,0.000117028,0.0002812589,0.0002787239,0.000003673565,0.0000482873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002259761,0.004463364,0.9144102,0.00008253467,0.0006335454,0.00001405736,0.03674929,0.006807704,0.03586558,0.0000163741,0.00005980254,0.0006715332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001849937,0.002462422,0.9784843,0.00005624534,0.0002359083,0.000001087914,0.01021398,0.0009493306,0.005358232,0.0001439794,0.00002127321,0.0002232635],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984832,0.00002138617,0.000008179298,0.00001168731,0.00003661355,0.0007006341,0.00004988702,0.00002548235,0.0006628713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996122,0.00006398074,0.00006325984,0.000002026872,0.000004606945,0.00003992108,0.00003499795,0.0000196651,0.0001593588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06407411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6600254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404287052","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.101052","title":"Rethinking single-use plastic (SUP): Behavioural insights and lessons from a developing nation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Cheng Kung University; Monash University","keywords":"Single use; Engineering; Process engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06435084216125547,"gpt":0.2288253156940858,"spread":0.1644744735328304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008110116,0.0002083057,0.0001292523,0.00005593003,0.0001764932,0.0001189457,0.00009542878,0.000123515,0.0004057673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000343984,0.000195166,0.00003431888,0.00005426019,0.0001741002,0.0004138655,0.000215593,0.0002028708,0.0003068832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003642777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006461939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001353114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003340158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987288,0.00005049737,0.0001925938,0.0004995797,0.0002919468,0.0002366388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993411,0.0003970473,0.00004106928,0.0001247581,7.66865e-7,0.00009523316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001631837,0.0007214102,0.02698348,0.0001942472,0.0003356528,0.0006248102,0.07856144,0.002566277,0.6105231,0.01682276,0.001012363,0.2614913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00118225,0.0004644671,0.8549791,0.0009310534,0.0003027093,0.0001670264,0.002200346,0.04571465,0.01717827,0.02426826,0.05053583,0.00207607],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930502,0.00351963,0.001903715,0.000538928,0.0003881046,0.0001038857,0.00006973525,0.00008184025,0.0003439433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960208,0.001995114,0.001663688,0.00004360393,0.00007960794,0.000009385117,0.00006129975,0.00002800779,0.00009851858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8279956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.795864,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392362091","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.100885","title":"Assessing the vulnerability of urban drinking water intakes to water scarcity under global change: A bottom-up approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Water scarcity; Vulnerability (computing); Climate change; Scarcity; Environmental science; Geography; Index (typography); Water resources; Water security; Water resource management; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Engineering; Agriculture; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04045983113142011,"gpt":0.2462733572965556,"spread":0.2058135261651355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003112912,0.0002021017,0.0001535466,0.00005183205,0.00008733179,0.0001336155,0.000202132,0.0000762374,0.000072839],"category_scores_gemma":[9.355614e-7,0.0001159433,0.00007228026,0.0000488988,0.00007231184,0.0003487171,0.0002066041,0.0001722393,0.00005427864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001689741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.816691e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001250738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006730086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988711,0.00006062957,0.0001935739,0.0002938548,0.0002696631,0.0003111735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996662,0.0000126015,0.000009423682,0.0002592909,0.000002376284,0.00005011211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001010658,0.001065068,0.0345506,0.005357285,0.00189579,0.0000349939,0.2757599,0.4642178,0.05695508,0.002773589,0.00279794,0.1544909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002000897,0.0005455709,0.2275664,0.0007966495,0.0007403217,0.00004953471,0.05109608,0.4191852,0.1958938,0.005057313,0.09309568,0.003972485],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880008,0.002377887,0.004444114,0.0008264302,0.0007230512,0.0004192039,0.000005852132,0.0002203543,0.002982272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988062,0.0001831616,0.0003256997,0.0000414397,0.0004032517,0.00007034483,0.00004472276,0.00003471436,0.00009049328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2246638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4728032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406564220","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101088","title":"Strategic prioritization of sewersheds to mitigate combined sewer overflows under climate change","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut de Valorisation des Données","keywords":"Combined sewer; Prioritization; Climate change; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Business; Geology; Oceanography; Process management; Stormwater; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0330341616284762,"gpt":0.2377725864129443,"spread":0.2047384247844681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001822792,0.000234693,0.0002173341,0.0001088225,0.0001353613,0.00001721723,0.0002796084,0.00008975605,0.001173187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003178606,0.0002471203,0.0000751377,0.0001877275,0.0001907341,0.0002791279,0.0005509862,0.000101226,0.0005903146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000349348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003246769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004434299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001148863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984028,0.00006915525,0.0002958729,0.0004721459,0.0003526555,0.0004073194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993562,0.00002663619,0.00008332972,0.0004240212,0.00000207847,0.0001077728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009290888,0.008360757,0.4184807,0.001272085,0.001089141,0.00007855021,0.02318084,0.02137886,0.2473094,0.2060228,0.01098936,0.06090844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00145429,0.0004438329,0.9720109,0.0001314032,0.0001246889,0.000001851809,0.003709599,0.001009317,0.004054501,0.005797709,0.0105934,0.0006685859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9331791,0.0007710871,0.0002816273,0.003002863,0.0003548699,0.001071411,0.00005864177,0.0001037395,0.06117667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968513,0.001069033,0.0003469966,0.0004593071,0.0000319596,0.0001147064,0.00003125542,0.00002434712,0.001071148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5535301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206432587","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2021.100314","title":"Mobilizing transdisciplinary sustainability science in place-based communities: Evaluating saliency, legitimacy, and credibility in northern Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Government of Northwest Territories; University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Sustainability; Credibility; Legitimacy; Salience (neuroscience); Sustainability science; Political science; Sociology; Public relations; Sustainability organizations; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Ecology; Politics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02838293252513973,"gpt":0.2707679424227874,"spread":0.2423850098976477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00177006,0.0002681604,0.0002967893,0.0000500751,0.0003269786,0.0000337271,0.0003986446,0.00007929822,0.0004574633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001768157,0.0002951843,0.00004076804,0.0003292209,0.001571302,0.0004597157,0.0006393793,0.0003804904,0.000002876031],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00659366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005807334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09979253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.94774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969267,0.0003709853,0.0004178336,0.0007863543,0.0007980242,0.0007000875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998723,0.0003784732,0.00009030436,0.0006427544,0.0000116882,0.0001537841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009423956,0.0007452805,0.9120637,0.0002445386,0.000002413962,0.0001312427,0.05647051,0.02220641,0.00107648,0.00001633745,0.000003130054,0.006945752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006511183,0.0000873184,0.6558371,0.00004065378,0.000003893682,0.000008382741,0.3366917,0.005239228,0.0004618588,0.0006345853,0.00008782296,0.0002563939],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945684,0.001441134,0.000002485431,0.00211922,0.00006111977,0.0005184557,0.00002853626,0.00001729007,0.001243339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999171,0.0004108253,0.0001197689,0.0001094653,0.00001086846,0.0001198724,0.00001336142,0.0000182234,0.00002658169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8479474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285045779","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2022.100584","title":"Decline of regional ecological integrity: Loss, distribution and natural heritage value of roadless areas in Ontario, Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Geography; Natural heritage; Woodland; Environmental protection; Forestry; Archaeology; Ecology; Tourism; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0153866901691593,"gpt":0.2037790840248895,"spread":0.1883923938557302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001615388,0.0001017704,0.0001545136,0.00001599418,0.000075547,0.000002667714,0.0001271837,0.00003555613,0.001844249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008601928,0.0001006971,0.00003186284,0.00004383553,0.000164082,0.0001038703,0.0003426824,0.0003111001,0.000001298724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001117785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003522572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6146895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.916784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989829,0.00008899541,0.0002462425,0.0002257907,0.0003276526,0.0001283948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996648,0.00006144638,0.000116152,0.0001179089,0.000001296591,0.00003834395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001420705,0.0007212782,0.9889525,0.00001135407,0.00002020244,0.00002404908,0.0006920266,0.001158935,0.001658116,0.0006551573,0.000586041,0.005378246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002718946,0.0001170495,0.9880527,0.000007247313,0.000005611912,0.00002609423,0.002208929,0.000385169,0.0001904297,0.0002001818,0.008437789,0.00009689671],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976896,0.0003770861,0.000003098351,0.001426137,0.00008490466,0.0001132726,0.00006046131,0.000003362034,0.0002420693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993259,0.0001953363,0.00006092114,0.0001192464,0.000007112615,0.0000260325,0.0001272514,0.000004963799,0.0001332489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3020945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404878833","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.101056","title":"Robust prediction of chlorophyll-A from nitrogen and phosphorus content in Philippine and global lakes using fine-tuned, explainable machine learning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development; Department of Science and Technology, Philippines; University of the Philippines","keywords":"Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Chlorophyll a; Content (measure theory); Computer science; Environmental science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05659747086337839,"gpt":0.2134944495560926,"spread":0.1568969786927142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002044984,0.0002006266,0.0002264933,0.00002860113,0.00008823041,0.00002328407,0.00008211852,0.0001029968,0.0004957443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002263815,0.0001813244,0.00003500285,0.00007148468,0.0003284958,0.0001583693,0.0002923171,0.0001982326,0.00001622463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002336739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002536644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001043181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001199088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986991,0.00006566726,0.0002474667,0.0005039152,0.0002312842,0.0002525849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996825,0.00005855874,0.00005458427,0.0001142616,7.103987e-7,0.00008933684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002324082,0.000442162,0.6966569,0.0001287317,0.0001100086,0.0002067838,0.003443334,0.1240059,0.07191832,0.00008586081,0.00001434002,0.1027552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002203021,0.001308677,0.4302321,0.0004778751,0.0001506851,0.0001898675,0.00180032,0.5466478,0.006851196,0.004018487,0.005290316,0.0008295594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731972,0.02581611,0.00004579308,0.0002065196,0.00006299486,0.0001537326,0.0001093169,0.00004913312,0.0003592027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960037,0.003044842,0.0007948745,0.00001848639,0.00003001113,0.00000853642,0.00002677596,0.0000181341,0.00005466052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.422642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7394195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241528587","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-4369-1_36","title":"A Future for Sustainability?","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Yukon University","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Sustainability organizations; Conceptualization; Engineering ethics; Meaning (existential); Sustainability science; Work (physics); Environmental ethics; Political science; Public relations; Sociology; Environmental planning; Psychology; Ecology; Engineering; Computer science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01131311152649623,"gpt":0.2300675284785341,"spread":0.2187544169520379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002857898,0.0007595243,0.0005386296,0.0000641735,0.0002831855,0.00002707615,0.0005056959,0.0006477826,0.05611004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001357264,0.0007826117,0.0004510699,0.00001655422,0.0008384984,0.0001945005,0.0003137106,0.0004812966,0.002076539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002800004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003280267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009066765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003483931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968805,0.00004241042,0.0005168694,0.001349498,0.0005852456,0.0006254577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983263,0.00009697453,0.000198899,0.001046631,0.000003182141,0.0003280331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005049162,0.001480605,0.0009392326,0.000561409,0.0002509752,0.00004892361,0.005536101,0.000258723,0.00009590569,0.06870367,0.023629,0.8979905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003844862,0.0002222349,0.002681703,0.0000124526,0.00006358176,0.00001219852,0.001565289,0.000009703134,0.00002090251,0.1339985,0.8603011,0.0007278131],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002829225,0.006835952,0.00001268204,0.006563003,0.0004008125,0.002688461,0.0002442057,0.0001400724,0.9802856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08487703,0.01972118,0.0005535964,0.0006917743,0.0009173433,0.0004911773,0.0004116923,0.0002882011,0.892048],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8972628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293565776","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2022.100610","title":"Uncertainty, anxiety, and optimism: Diverse perspectives of rainbow and steelhead trout fisheries governance in British Columbia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Fishery; Threatened species; Fish migration; Rainbow trout; Corporate governance; Environmental resource management; Business; Fishing; Fisheries management; Environmental planning; Geography; Habitat; Ecology; Biology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008581904638705527,"gpt":0.1794857596558171,"spread":0.1709038550171116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001866112,0.0001063207,0.0002028485,0.00001137099,0.0003050097,0.00001855581,0.0001326136,0.00003577584,0.00409452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000100514,0.000168681,0.00002654188,0.00004453748,0.000756816,0.0001785886,0.001324956,0.0001437926,0.000003767111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002015425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001766296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00318127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08728386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989203,0.00008421068,0.0001460476,0.0004230982,0.0002123187,0.0002140249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997177,0.00004227929,0.00008027742,0.0001198601,5.509977e-7,0.00003933602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003020243,0.0003334098,0.972367,0.00002781981,0.00003852031,0.00003070137,0.01018453,0.0004241739,0.00007805006,0.00005087733,0.004441177,0.01199348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006271746,0.0001974274,0.9200705,0.000006396856,0.0000126005,0.00001825421,0.07061329,0.00006379133,0.000003188359,0.0003135359,0.007912653,0.0001611694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887655,0.003819059,3.682749e-7,0.001242698,0.00004336222,0.0002536211,0.00006611062,0.00001304304,0.005796195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645345,0.03361151,0.0001134201,0.0001060289,0.000007671653,0.00007607869,0.000004146704,0.00001034658,0.001536259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0841026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317581986","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2023.100684","title":"Performance of denitrifying bioreactors in southern Alberta","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Lethbridge College; Agriculture Food and Rural Development","funders":"Alberta Innovates; American Geosciences Institute","keywords":"Straw; Environmental science; Denitrifying bacteria; Nitrate; Bioreactor; Nutrient; Agronomy; Pulp and paper industry; Nitrogen; Denitrification; Biology; Chemistry; Ecology; Botany; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02090371423471932,"gpt":0.2043170291438165,"spread":0.1834133149090972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001215663,0.0001565265,0.0001546647,0.00007563716,0.00004087784,0.000003580371,0.0001706054,0.00006576208,0.0009650494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003077137,0.0001366357,0.00005729873,0.000133478,0.0001348184,0.0001251946,0.0001827826,0.00007834868,0.002819317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009416449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001560831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003932052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003540838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989652,0.00003388831,0.0001917786,0.0002709196,0.0002451898,0.0002929931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996439,0.00004647567,0.00005550076,0.0001965167,2.69287e-7,0.00005738972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005928095,0.0002371772,0.8583298,0.00002398333,0.00003065298,0.00002325901,0.008576591,0.000334401,0.1174465,0.000003833548,0.00004451681,0.0148901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001053293,0.0002223191,0.9096162,0.00004186523,0.00002669796,0.00001310055,0.007577645,0.001182854,0.07853929,0.00006632249,0.001254214,0.0004061974],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964564,0.0002180689,6.271547e-8,0.0001273289,0.00004039275,0.0001279748,0.00000743238,0.0000263991,0.002995975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968749,0.001025752,0.0001212352,0.000006271338,0.00001636297,0.00001545996,0.00001870213,0.00002198489,0.00189937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05128646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999482,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408818521","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101140","title":"Economic and trade determinants of carbon emissions in the American region","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Economics; Natural resource economics; Geology; Materials science; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0681944167825362,"gpt":0.257456920788572,"spread":0.1892625040060358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000167933,0.00009507336,0.0002699941,0.0001180243,0.00003336188,0.000007587549,0.0001345879,0.00003884574,0.00001163796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005827799,0.00009448692,0.0000399468,0.00002720066,0.0001510518,0.00004630218,0.0000537239,0.00007515374,0.000007482518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008353211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002705777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002301041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003823549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993012,0.00001517747,0.0003046691,0.000222278,0.000008953644,0.0001477011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995269,0.00006976325,0.0001755912,0.0002048241,1.290853e-7,0.0000228476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004221902,0.0001987052,0.9499233,0.00008381938,0.00003010695,0.000005946416,0.00740911,0.00002097775,0.00005814853,0.02688093,0.0001070863,0.01523961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003621824,0.00007421734,0.977865,0.00002616165,0.000005090039,0.000007842007,0.004823238,0.0006688774,0.0001972631,0.009286055,0.006533008,0.0001510075],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.981333,0.006053074,7.955481e-7,0.003300391,0.000059234,0.0001004109,0.00004305355,0.00000395463,0.009106084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9751421,0.02454521,0.00001255385,0.0001975053,0.00002491759,0.00001772608,0.000002305153,0.000007508209,0.00005020504],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02794172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3853065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412701082","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101230","title":"Techno-economic analysis of laccase production, immobilization and use of the immobilized biocatalyst in hospital wastewater bioremediation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Enzyme-mediated dye degradation","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Bioremediation; Laccase; Wastewater; Biocatalysis; Immobilized enzyme; Production (economics); Chemistry; Sewage treatment; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Catalysis; Environmental engineering; Enzyme; Biochemistry; Contamination; Biology; Engineering; Economics; Ecology; Reaction mechanism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01036076546143024,"gpt":0.1894985154486073,"spread":0.1791377499871771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001345152,0.00008092754,0.0001517659,0.00007232672,0.0000326129,0.000007221202,0.00008371401,0.00006944229,0.00002380271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000345923,0.00003441353,0.00005329087,0.000304482,0.0001231184,0.0001477975,0.00006876457,0.00004335946,9.270789e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005293824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002641616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000204901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008976765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993115,0.00005124977,0.0002485483,0.0002250476,0.00008838844,0.0000752528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996907,0.0000628233,0.0001365999,0.00009213066,0.000005210673,0.00001257247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002767516,0.0003380382,0.2169652,0.00002264511,0.0001207709,2.21292e-7,0.0004533739,0.0009429723,0.7723603,0.00008119124,0.0000121347,0.008675586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001093206,0.00005887534,0.8367,0.00001548069,0.00009572672,2.340371e-7,0.001220461,0.0004920821,0.1610854,0.00004462928,0.0001117842,0.00006602103],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977106,0.0006471789,4.465113e-7,0.001234054,0.00007745612,0.0002659815,0.00004849895,0.000008395726,0.000007392445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982676,0.001512474,0.00001636432,0.000004631624,0.00001264095,0.00002023153,0.0001370808,7.060473e-7,0.00002827285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6197349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1403343,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411729129","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101221","title":"Small-scale fisherfolk in Papua New Guinea: Perspectives on climate variability and its impact on coastal fishing operations and activities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"New guinea; Fishing; Scale (ratio); Fishing village; Geography; Environmental resource management; Fishery; Environmental planning; Business; Environmental science; History; Biology; Cartography; Ethnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01559102202722177,"gpt":0.2534677008495843,"spread":0.2378766788223625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002181426,0.0002462843,0.0002215278,0.00003902557,0.0002238046,0.0000447196,0.00009431155,0.00007309793,0.000344938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003257555,0.0001949676,0.00004873717,0.00004908875,0.0001754907,0.0002111357,0.000415092,0.0002136419,0.00001581903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001778756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004850296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001908827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002025192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988048,0.00009763191,0.0001531353,0.0005313274,0.0001508224,0.0002622663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995896,0.0001378591,0.00002668971,0.0001641637,7.806942e-7,0.00008091596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007292175,0.002649118,0.8154586,0.0001902353,0.0002953765,0.00002881142,0.06694232,0.003388503,0.02511517,0.003959015,0.001514277,0.07972935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005635738,0.0003137653,0.9833369,0.00004754046,0.00001748952,0.000002588896,0.01336643,0.000248032,0.0008484991,0.0002086459,0.0008156201,0.0002308686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689503,0.0008708463,0.000003268655,0.002870572,0.00003325429,0.000257202,0.0000382241,0.00002149136,0.02695484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916208,0.00732566,0.0001007777,0.0001131419,0.00003930625,0.00002401344,0.00000676775,0.00001038991,0.0007591498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1678783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7950548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413781146","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101289","title":"Advancing geospatial insights in Afghanistan: Annual land cover mapping and landscape metrics analysis for rural landscape planning and restoration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Maryland; United States Agency for International Development; University of Alabama","keywords":"Geospatial analysis; Geography; Land cover; Landscape planning; Cover (algebra); Landscape assessment; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Land use; Landscape design; Cartography; Ecology; Environmental science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007498466233272429,"gpt":0.2149433796062291,"spread":0.2074449133729567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001945185,0.0001935281,0.0002610817,0.0002058466,0.0001558218,0.0000398832,0.00007765444,0.0001273801,0.0000322938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003037172,0.0001675443,0.00004341214,0.0003145477,0.00007775048,0.0002634269,0.0001612827,0.0001357668,0.00000458179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001346291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003227486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004168541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005683044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989146,0.00005851709,0.0002197046,0.0003519283,0.00020832,0.0002469588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995588,0.0001508969,0.00008476715,0.0001359435,0.000002195491,0.00006738456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001009073,0.00009700918,0.9591586,0.00005485957,0.0001460543,0.00001486622,0.008443596,0.01811686,0.004045812,0.00004554259,0.0003680603,0.009407848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007865752,0.00008154633,0.9715537,0.00004085766,0.00008574474,0.000004891881,0.007439037,0.01455094,0.0001486492,0.000182316,0.004883152,0.0002426355],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899471,0.006507495,0.00153024,0.0003119082,0.00007282063,0.0002760602,0.00002200999,0.00002253213,0.00130978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969411,0.001374138,0.001308745,0.00006127198,0.00003478876,0.000006778389,0.00006040974,0.00001019447,0.0002025662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01239507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6832259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410761722","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101193","title":"Quantitative microbial risk assessment for drinking water intake threat prioritization: a comparison of vulnerability and threat assessment according to source water protection regulations of two Canadian provinces","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Risk assessment; Prioritization; Vulnerability (computing); Vulnerability assessment; Environmental health; Threat assessment; Exposure assessment; Environmental science; Environmental protection; Environmental planning; Risk analysis (engineering); Business; Computer security; Computer science; Psychology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03757641532720507,"gpt":0.3280057127091492,"spread":0.2904292973819442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007660009,0.0001830992,0.000305501,0.0001006618,0.0003670623,0.00002882235,0.0001294053,0.00007566857,0.0001062922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001401207,0.0001389852,0.00006356121,0.00004824141,0.0002196078,0.0002308436,0.0001953395,0.0001345379,0.000004183953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001707962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009077282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03162989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998383,0.0002308385,0.0004434826,0.0004408049,0.0002285757,0.0002733274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994981,0.00008013609,0.0001043831,0.0002128169,0.00001164424,0.00009291457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001529002,0.0005282958,0.578898,0.000199185,0.000109732,3.757233e-7,0.01697963,0.005191265,0.3154972,0.001627868,0.00001642514,0.08079904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001352877,0.0007812269,0.6039776,0.0001052273,0.0000908607,0.000001220196,0.01170104,0.008071635,0.3678359,0.004339158,0.001353465,0.0003898082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768085,0.00005511276,0.01926552,0.001536901,0.00008257413,0.001421567,0.00003823053,0.00001643901,0.0007751739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992849,0.00003064074,0.006719473,0.00003107154,0.00001401882,0.0001641678,0.0000552855,0.00001236864,0.000123982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08040924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409258595","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101146","title":"Green synthesis of zero-valent iron nanoparticles from cape gooseberry (physalis peruviana l.) Biomass for oil spill remediation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Erasmus+; Makerere University","keywords":"Physalis; Zerovalent iron; Biomass (ecology); Environmental remediation; Cape; Environmental science; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Botany; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Biology; Geography; Ecology; Adsorption; Archaeology; Contamination","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225026094714085,"gpt":0.203643551293861,"spread":0.1913932903467201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001662682,0.0002895297,0.0003650099,0.0001180897,0.00005752966,0.00001271564,0.000217405,0.0001644946,0.0001335814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003549592,0.000307064,0.0001201362,0.00005479787,0.0001177417,0.0001552694,0.00008034073,0.00005937399,0.00007373108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003148283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000686248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005333345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000554057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984801,0.00005530295,0.0005046584,0.0003654026,0.0002938247,0.0003007446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991454,0.0002696477,0.0001224759,0.0003734629,0.000003559214,0.00008544501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004192186,0.0001540412,0.001479126,0.0003610045,0.0001224267,0.000001311607,0.0005322032,0.0002810448,0.9604915,0.00005340501,0.000176376,0.03630568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006066841,0.0000684097,0.05494944,0.00009665765,0.0001126307,4.356851e-7,0.000425191,0.0004626256,0.9401942,0.000333993,0.002462433,0.0002873337],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899362,0.007389293,0.00006526212,0.0004276507,0.0004761779,0.0002697848,0.0004886046,0.0001346563,0.0008123257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99121,0.007307135,0.0007877228,0.00002614659,0.0001096455,0.0002363845,0.0001051977,0.00006359813,0.0001541991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05347031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415714570","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101362","title":"Association between wildfire smoke exposure and parents’ adoption of protective behaviours: Exploring the role of objective and subjective smoke exposure","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Vancouver Coastal Health","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Smoke; Tobacco smoke; Air quality index; Risk perception; Perception; Logistic regression; Occupational safety and health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01544132589616238,"gpt":0.2108934980968812,"spread":0.1954521722007188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005563216,0.0002445932,0.0003447098,0.00006355342,0.0002284673,0.00001203469,0.0001661244,0.000153562,0.00001663916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005496558,0.000209076,0.0000656928,0.0001095741,0.0002672025,0.0003632158,0.0003723225,0.0002537528,0.000003045255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004753627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006218679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008782541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002759884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982136,0.0003163596,0.0003254157,0.0004643841,0.0004318215,0.0002483732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990325,0.0003088787,0.0003302383,0.0002674816,0.000004722995,0.00005617493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003908963,0.0001172758,0.9422085,0.00003346883,0.0001492137,5.759325e-7,0.008621485,0.00001115411,0.005169204,0.00002025023,0.000001352631,0.04362838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000491606,0.0004626384,0.9600371,0.0001129516,0.0001239374,0.000001499971,0.01265491,0.00002891369,0.02550796,0.0003561052,0.00005803946,0.0001643694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943469,0.003823525,0.000008554754,0.0001273958,0.00008744813,0.000977848,0.00007036005,0.00002240366,0.0005356039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985173,0.001100566,0.00002862344,0.000006329812,0.00003398386,0.0002508367,0.00001069663,0.00002066807,0.00003097205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04346401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8525872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391650846","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2024.100868","title":"Predicting differences in angler beliefs, threat perceptions, and actions in British Columbia's rainbow trout and steelhead fisheries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC; University of Ottawa; Carleton University","funders":"Genome British Columbia","keywords":"Fishery; Rainbow trout; Fishing; Fisheries management; Geography; Perception; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Population; Biology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02019704415852681,"gpt":0.2061870369946663,"spread":0.1859899928361395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001539231,0.0001007133,0.0001381614,0.00003095897,0.0001538764,0.0001045754,0.00005929454,0.0001144712,0.001284322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001035496,0.0001424635,0.00001822697,0.00005992154,0.0003546274,0.0004325833,0.0001268234,0.0002033729,0.00002572689],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001335765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003659969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003322046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2313513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990361,0.00007570945,0.0001690968,0.0004014097,0.0001162819,0.0002014151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997438,0.0001006133,0.00002073186,0.00008314806,3.253444e-7,0.00005139791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002766905,0.00006878618,0.968414,0.00001659093,0.000006191603,0.0000182274,0.002442978,0.000002963925,0.0001365218,0.000005211094,0.0001306363,0.02875511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020963,0.00007664198,0.9916025,0.00007139237,0.000007334467,0.00004226673,0.006411232,0.0003082236,0.000001816136,0.0003847017,0.0007461168,0.0001381235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930547,0.004254877,0.000001369765,0.001416,0.00008157423,0.0001928819,0.00002008771,0.00003795945,0.0009405539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869765,0.01181007,0.00007008236,0.00007676463,0.00003408469,0.00008277379,0.00001026632,0.00001205713,0.0009274167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2280292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413289619","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101271","title":"Tritium plume observations in Lake Huron: measurements of dispersion and comparison of lateral plume structure with the normal distribution of the Gaussian Plume Model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Radioactive contamination and transfer","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited","keywords":"Plume; Dispersion (optics); Atmospheric sciences; Gaussian; Environmental science; Distribution (mathematics); Panache; Geology; Meteorology; Physics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02528579856709078,"gpt":0.2259101425543945,"spread":0.2006243439873037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001177356,0.0001218064,0.0001799805,0.00002118309,0.00007845244,0.000004510488,0.0002037674,0.00005995736,0.00007707146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004490399,0.00007699431,0.00003818705,0.00009440432,0.0005157084,0.0001496875,0.00009228214,0.0001313157,4.639995e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009471983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006452124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003286766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00165662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990141,0.00008133581,0.0002304645,0.0001836714,0.0003699003,0.000120568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996604,0.00002801388,0.00009738252,0.0001874987,0.000003192499,0.00002355137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001070198,0.0003168855,0.9521424,0.00004486438,0.00003760985,2.076729e-7,0.00292321,0.007594409,0.03463344,0.0002558749,0.00002252337,0.001921552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008058053,0.00006600476,0.9791899,0.00004729839,0.00003235623,4.395342e-7,0.0009382761,0.003027582,0.01563741,0.00005074463,0.000130508,0.00007362748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997277,0.000278876,0.0002373192,0.001318859,0.00002276381,0.0002863714,0.0001639241,0.000003061387,0.0004117955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996458,0.0001090484,0.00005036985,0.00002351171,0.000003219963,0.000009478623,0.00003052561,0.000005750526,0.0001222703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02704755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3139737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410790421","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101200","title":"Navigating human-sloth bear encounters and attacks in Nepal’s unprotected forests","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"International Association for Bear Research and Management; Idea Wild","keywords":"Sloth; Geography; Archaeology; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.012110591715245,"gpt":0.2557292287814418,"spread":0.2436186370661968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001878458,0.000146633,0.0001325534,0.00002236404,0.0001663259,0.00001150628,0.0001309936,0.0001205997,0.0003532948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001189767,0.0001551979,0.00002402953,0.00007023939,0.000271243,0.000161916,0.0002065678,0.0002682936,0.00008386957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001969091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002864249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001438951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002382957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990098,0.00007116476,0.0001900854,0.0003671735,0.0001248518,0.0002369197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996855,0.00005421489,0.00005306241,0.0001644712,4.243015e-7,0.00004231738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001416927,0.00008960049,0.9774306,0.00001355412,0.000009874422,0.000009042174,0.0009640173,0.00008443595,0.002511145,0.0001510257,0.00009204932,0.01863043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004647423,0.00006207939,0.9957303,0.00005624892,0.000006225882,0.000002986204,0.0009082122,0.0002418016,0.0003328431,0.0009018646,0.001151817,0.0001409057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930019,0.0006961501,0.00001307435,0.001952274,0.00005723557,0.0002552333,0.000002727671,0.0000302751,0.003991112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987093,0.0003906614,0.0001700513,0.0003893056,0.00001501352,0.00006105455,0.000009356038,0.00001019526,0.0002450617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01848953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6328785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115591683","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101394","title":"Community-driven assessment of springs and ponds: Status, dependency, and utilization in Kavre district, central Nepal","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission; Cara; International Development Research Centre; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; World Bank Group","keywords":"Work (physics); Population; Identification (biology); Government (linguistics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02034200909061503,"gpt":0.2339033050599075,"spread":0.2135612959692924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000960823,0.0001111369,0.0001554273,0.00001381746,0.0001699906,0.00001567662,0.00008391625,0.00008349579,0.00002880863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003872005,0.00004887051,0.00002324067,0.00006126183,0.00006295438,0.00007112718,0.0001254161,0.0001602084,4.773283e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000603381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004535323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003533161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006964033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992563,0.0001225258,0.0001623109,0.0001597792,0.00009844699,0.0002006074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997981,0.00005382241,0.0000551968,0.00004016779,0.000003625409,0.00004912712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001477285,0.0005907235,0.7922903,0.0001354995,0.00003027947,0.000003993547,0.004648818,0.000004410749,0.09201842,0.001859758,0.00002823075,0.1083748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001699716,0.0001303426,0.9829025,0.00005717839,0.000006842097,0.000002203931,0.01416464,0.0000565379,0.0003831381,0.0001127182,0.001924722,0.00008919499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931886,0.004680018,0.00000162013,0.0002029466,0.00003727451,0.0001952642,0.00004871948,0.000009805612,0.001635709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994507,0.005264118,0.00002720804,0.00001127171,0.00002334412,0.0000078209,0.00005883374,6.65959e-7,0.00009969489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1906122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3886093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084135441","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101332","title":"Forest expansion and glacial retreat in the Central Himalaya indicated by past observations and future projections","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Rufford Foundation","keywords":"Land cover; Climate change; Land use; Deforestation (computer science); Precipitation; Land use, land-use change and forestry; Forest cover; Glacial period","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007981736109300835,"gpt":0.2013331446630043,"spread":0.1933514085537034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005335647,0.00009395858,0.00006427087,0.00002753168,0.00008722936,0.00001264149,0.00007370615,0.0001920517,0.000003631143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003629644,0.00007219397,0.00001465816,0.0000367516,0.0001273794,0.00000291465,0.00009018969,0.00008635225,2.659794e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001310634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007967846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001133042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002552768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994733,0.0000350588,0.00008695867,0.0002228325,0.00005001916,0.0001318623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998227,0.000004562761,0.00002322752,0.0001285112,0.000001921776,0.00001906656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005795915,0.0002002263,0.1470793,0.00001767119,0.00003062937,0.000001650753,0.0003583079,7.943152e-7,0.8328456,0.0003181288,0.001026853,0.01806288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003357411,0.0001853483,0.8609082,0.000005855339,0.00001180994,0.000007915713,0.001184652,0.000005733613,0.01409157,0.00006887228,0.1231023,0.00009202647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874238,0.006178975,0.00000408077,0.005962203,0.00006789719,0.0001790442,0.00004358362,0.000005025857,0.0001353311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9736457,0.0258022,0.00004698256,0.0001497981,0.0001207555,0.00002837256,0.0001525935,0.000005393942,0.00004815762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8187541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2943985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415556613","doi":"10.1016/j.envc.2025.101359","title":"What drives the regeneration dynamics in Central Himalayan Mountain Forests of Nepal?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Challenges","topic":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Georg-August-Universität Göttingen","keywords":"Seedling; Canopy; Elevation (ballistics); Species richness; Soil fertility; Multivariate statistics; Understory; Regeneration (biology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009449761217453508,"gpt":0.1965908657674756,"spread":0.1871411045500221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001703523,0.0001229001,0.0001077877,0.00004848395,0.0001290288,0.00002603929,0.0002568701,0.00005654447,0.0002061871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005061357,0.00009857447,0.00005013032,0.00009001824,0.0002801324,0.0002181033,0.0003524183,0.00008590205,0.00002472237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005383648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000344636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001718513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007498635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990553,0.00007947756,0.0001807256,0.0002538622,0.0002258558,0.0002047875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996167,0.00003774785,0.00006618007,0.0002490938,8.264071e-7,0.00002946667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000183083,0.0001563179,0.9728807,0.00001586808,0.00001706971,0.000002371006,0.002125553,0.002435212,0.0004596383,0.0005413538,0.00009741806,0.02125019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002830827,0.00003302451,0.9736797,0.0000240602,0.00001440539,4.380129e-7,0.0158312,0.00491702,0.0005284593,0.0005065608,0.004084963,0.00009705868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879856,0.001475439,0.00005622156,0.006983156,0.0001596986,0.0002909712,0.000005981071,0.00001098733,0.003031994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926459,0.005952725,0.00006990109,0.0001569784,0.00001582818,0.0000122391,0.00002411668,0.00000516478,0.001117203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02115314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4184415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}