{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":28,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":28,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"6f8f92338348","filters":{"venue":"Ethics & International Affairs"}},"results":[{"id":"W1992192336","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00421.x","title":"Who Should Get in? The Ethics of Immigration Admissions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Citizenship; Immigration; Democracy; Economic Justice; Political science; Law; Law and economics; Sociology; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0841957473265344,"gpt":0.4050725676948303,"spread":0.3208768203682959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005977645,0.0001131321,0.0001240575,0.0001548785,0.0004574166,0.00009866024,0.0004657932,0.0004267604,0.0007077036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01195984,0.00008592557,0.0001022973,0.000354503,0.0002274807,0.0003780361,0.00001646382,0.001306367,0.00001942091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001407584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001034913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001996612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06343831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964871,0.001340678,0.000411066,0.0002040011,0.001376646,0.0001805211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972318,0.001614408,0.00019185,0.0001812468,0.0007087045,0.00007194649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007273138,0.00006979041,0.001604695,0.000005616041,0.00001083175,7.04642e-7,0.1633748,0.00005392604,0.0001535968,0.8317425,0.002771583,0.000204683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002895143,0.00007306371,0.003277858,0.0001386259,0.00001802758,0.000002898516,0.1282026,0.000522629,0.001258267,0.1006771,0.7653139,0.0002255932],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07469896,0.0004819937,0.01143366,0.2269406,0.002898107,0.0008788104,0.00005478087,0.00009969248,0.6825134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937544,0.0008130644,0.0005339072,0.001365262,0.0002060858,0.00002658346,0.00003972434,0.000008742878,0.003252255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9190554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995071304","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00374.x","title":"Justice after War","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Jus ad bellum; Law; Just war theory; Charter; Treaty; United Nations Charter; Political science; Use of force; Geneva Conventions; War crime; Politics; Law of war; Economic Justice; Spanish Civil War; World War II; International law; Security council; International humanitarian law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1457426718404079,"gpt":0.308737885074152,"spread":0.1629952132337441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004423973,0.0001366188,0.0001002465,0.0001132344,0.0003334926,0.0001683396,0.0003065621,0.0001560958,0.01871011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004557743,0.0001305941,0.00009148399,0.00002648727,0.0003567756,0.0003400488,0.00005334832,0.000850078,0.002999941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006283359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002464155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000102393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007661665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986541,0.00006480543,0.0002675957,0.0002550241,0.0005753307,0.0001831814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987335,0.0003728662,0.00009529354,0.0002022511,0.0005325222,0.0000635949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002189723,0.0001162335,0.00003815053,0.00005829956,0.00005704561,0.00001175004,0.1634832,0.00002100339,0.00002910465,0.7985745,0.03638333,0.00120551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002126421,0.00002581008,0.0001175849,0.00005523916,0.00006067456,0.000005095773,0.01825893,0.001453199,0.00006788368,0.01472636,0.9647831,0.000233446],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004113301,0.0005636556,0.000370886,0.05537256,0.00744381,0.0001321531,0.0001001977,0.0002010306,0.9317024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9258454,0.0002382998,0.0002191103,0.002089713,0.002567437,0.00003116043,0.00003841123,0.0000224394,0.06894805],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9283998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1726665087","doi":"10.1017/s0892679415000052","title":"The Responsibility to Protect Turns Ten","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Responsibility to protect; Genocide; Norm (philosophy); Political science; Law; International law; State (computer science); Law and economics; Sociology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07072659602083887,"gpt":0.4024807042704445,"spread":0.3317541082496056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005662802,0.00007722876,0.00007042281,0.00004199906,0.00042187,0.0002258011,0.0007408435,0.0001565259,0.00003169004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0126263,0.00005879739,0.00006284421,0.00020646,0.0002870582,0.0001472668,0.0001503202,0.0005725402,0.0002449702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003674547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000747079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002968008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05028798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977784,0.0004567815,0.0001723771,0.0001999897,0.001147612,0.0002448191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980983,0.0006731517,0.00005528927,0.0002000014,0.0007629666,0.0002103077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001567534,0.00005049279,0.0009498908,0.000002679412,0.00003102893,0.000006842832,0.09688317,0.0001195906,0.00002094586,0.8856831,0.01494273,0.001152723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001165469,0.00004026869,0.0008359903,0.00001238606,0.000003144922,0.000001083731,0.03239957,0.0001782034,0.000008671451,0.129531,0.8367729,0.0001002334],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05561042,0.0000961471,0.0005097695,0.4294052,0.002646586,0.0005964831,0.00003382478,0.0001446212,0.5109569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909104,0.00004130302,0.000508213,0.001014042,0.0003650953,0.00002444059,0.000005117454,0.000006127767,0.007125272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146115122","doi":"10.1017/s0892679413000191","title":"How We Count Hunger Matters","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Globe; Agriculture; Famine; Food prices; Agency (philosophy); Food insecurity; Food security; Food supply; Development economics; Agricultural economics; Economic growth; Geography; Political science; Economics; Sociology; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1911671703173961,"gpt":0.4563730270795836,"spread":0.2652058567621876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007229549,0.0001623291,0.0001770014,0.0001705358,0.0009217947,0.00008367696,0.0004177609,0.000453312,0.007699368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005625506,0.0001547066,0.00008679269,0.0001283266,0.0001232855,0.0005298813,0.0001832414,0.002180109,0.006033289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003201057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003032696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001081795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008367195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977829,0.000306054,0.0004275991,0.0002877682,0.0007416929,0.0004540067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974871,0.001037645,0.0002389793,0.0002592991,0.0007862392,0.000190696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002363447,0.0000849392,0.006380827,0.0002423446,0.00009251329,0.000004720282,0.02618039,0.00002433607,0.0001326998,0.375109,0.5911141,0.0006104736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005307339,0.000032845,0.01301264,0.0002703289,0.00001319386,0.000002229541,0.02461651,0.0007437142,0.00001169834,0.03250928,0.928031,0.0002258093],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005957685,0.0001164983,0.0007171242,0.9254352,0.0055649,0.0007268337,0.00009014713,0.000184601,0.06120697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453864,0.0002966764,0.001744873,0.02338956,0.0009327226,0.0002983502,0.0001241412,0.00003176357,0.02779549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9394287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984831095","doi":"10.1017/s0892679419000145","title":"Artificial Intelligence and International Security: The Long View","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear weapon; Arms control; Deterrence theory; International security; Norm (philosophy); Competitor analysis; Competition (biology); China; National security; Coercion (linguistics); Computer security; Political science; Emerging technologies; International trade; Law; Public relations; Business; Computer science; Marketing; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06776800260779087,"gpt":0.3720718342840694,"spread":0.3043038316762786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001575797,0.00009373262,0.00009194374,0.00006081878,0.0002963207,0.0003065851,0.0005621772,0.0001419027,0.002595997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005860783,0.00007559556,0.00006546943,0.0001156403,0.0003570186,0.0002449815,0.000186389,0.0005847501,0.0007726537],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000747915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009760197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005584479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001977111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998458,0.0001553953,0.0002158916,0.0002388636,0.0007529943,0.0001788336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988611,0.0005778258,0.00008665011,0.0001403477,0.0002648989,0.00006918866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002194576,0.00003259655,0.001235651,0.000005317126,0.00004104416,0.000005419069,0.02934994,0.00002310648,0.00001356652,0.9517079,0.0005564889,0.01700704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005899985,0.00003147718,0.0008217713,0.00007197075,0.0000115476,0.00001081948,0.03230803,0.001363108,0.00006995065,0.2794043,0.6856367,0.0002113282],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1095034,0.0006264671,0.0009436887,0.2592575,0.009150709,0.0004978947,0.00002819027,0.0001543835,0.6198377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931186,0.0008777045,0.0001524808,0.001102217,0.0006924286,0.00000523367,0.000007610571,0.00001088509,0.004032819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8836152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2566364034","doi":"10.1017/s0892679415000635","title":"Democracies and the Power to Revoke Citizenship","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Citizenship; Revocation; Democracy; Law; Law and economics; Political science; Privilege (computing); State (computer science); Power (physics); National security; Sociology; Politics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0315491256114092,"gpt":0.3338361135967398,"spread":0.3022869879853305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001838246,0.00008650836,0.00009039244,0.0000734775,0.000627443,0.0001499849,0.0004819259,0.000104172,0.001361898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001907118,0.00004631248,0.00006665051,0.00003995944,0.0008525059,0.0001368517,0.0001010315,0.0002268226,0.0003352349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001044227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001124691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002186615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001401673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984152,0.0002180037,0.0001733225,0.0001945757,0.0008159247,0.0001830209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974237,0.001867646,0.00006347819,0.0001102945,0.0004430278,0.00009181797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005750206,0.000005773689,0.0001186932,8.5257e-7,0.00003592415,0.000002644583,0.009998328,3.741745e-7,0.00003838536,0.9862705,0.003272909,0.0001980419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004185708,0.0000129708,0.001099042,0.00005248537,0.000005255172,0.000002678703,0.0007955074,0.000001856373,0.00007119809,0.7769791,0.2204632,0.00009818616],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04050115,0.00002949596,0.0007298599,0.3464247,0.001269714,0.0001701163,0.00002169807,0.00005556886,0.6107977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9256614,0.00004943716,0.0002260915,0.00249532,0.0004873805,0.0000186839,0.00000139755,0.000007797005,0.07105251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8851602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136742740","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2001.tb00358.x","title":"Prospects for Transnational Citizenship and Democracy","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Citizenship; Democracy; State (computer science); Politics; Political science; Political economy; Extension (predicate logic); Law and economics; Sociology; Public administration; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08831961933927149,"gpt":0.3830411822577543,"spread":0.2947215629184828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001443991,0.00008857636,0.00008956325,0.00006931416,0.0006574233,0.0001046013,0.000236823,0.0002601379,0.0001916043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002666463,0.00009292577,0.00007011815,0.00009535762,0.000553009,0.000175565,0.000023801,0.0005238534,0.00001179665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000987981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002648095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004169723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002830765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985808,0.0001005107,0.0001748089,0.000215633,0.0006637985,0.0002644424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971736,0.002130579,0.00004492497,0.00006226249,0.0004339596,0.0001546382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003163864,0.00002487234,0.0005808873,0.000009347368,0.0000270752,0.000003160976,0.004853319,0.000004139523,0.00002163013,0.993754,0.0004462527,0.0002436204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003075183,0.00002318777,0.001261464,0.00001287801,0.000009116337,0.000004316362,0.001001208,0.0001438426,0.00003220225,0.9475818,0.04950805,0.0001144257],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006582998,0.00003880061,0.003802752,0.5703481,0.0007381832,0.0002423197,0.00005113066,0.00008284999,0.4181128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924776,0.00008814663,0.001421569,0.002070989,0.0009023645,0.0000279894,0.00002333295,0.00001041697,0.002977588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9858946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5056435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2408969178","doi":"10.1017/s0892679416000095","title":"Rethinking Central Bank Accountability in Uncertain Times","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Accountability; Transparency (behavior); Monetary policy; Economics; Inflation targeting; Deliberation; Financial crisis; Independence (probability theory); Central bank; Forward guidance; Inflation (cosmology); Political economy; Financial system; Business; Monetary economics; Political science; Keynesian economics; Law; Politics; Credit channel","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05607247229018941,"gpt":0.2916951652023853,"spread":0.2356226929121958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001241666,0.0001339992,0.0002232746,0.0001590896,0.00007030619,0.00006974618,0.0004116883,0.0002223496,0.001359134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00116363,0.0001194227,0.0001131963,0.0001487843,0.0001154802,0.0003131728,0.000104426,0.0003735299,0.0005190059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000410085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005966933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002647915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001077742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998643,0.00003312725,0.0005325887,0.0003445699,0.0001189233,0.0003277246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991521,0.0003177273,0.0001832833,0.0002060789,0.00008515031,0.00005561274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000232273,0.00004265053,0.07254678,0.000006784048,0.00001576372,0.000002891627,0.003730444,0.00003102858,0.00002415217,0.9214482,0.00157542,0.0005526234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000445956,0.00002457018,0.1097754,0.00008469045,0.000001570627,0.000002666672,0.000358233,0.0001656827,0.000127094,0.7254303,0.1633289,0.0002549679],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4542536,0.0008140583,0.001846841,0.08012765,0.004097973,0.0002598699,0.0007411262,0.0001020999,0.4577568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966739,0.0002424498,0.0004144115,0.000740312,0.000253981,0.00001099406,0.00001162624,0.0000127408,0.001639631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5424203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209069654","doi":"10.1017/s0892679421000514","title":"On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism: The Case for the Fair Priority for Residents Framework","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Fogarty International Center; Colton Foundation","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Nationalism; Government (linguistics); Public health; Pandemic; Development economics; Vaccination; Political science; Environmental health; Economic growth; Public economics; Medicine; Economics; Law; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Immunology; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0775204048360707,"gpt":0.4079242445216587,"spread":0.330403839685588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005523553,0.0001089959,0.000119998,0.00003343152,0.001808925,0.0001563578,0.0007591819,0.0003089342,0.0003224305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03937226,0.00006216254,0.0002146999,0.0002165749,0.00007911199,0.0001218557,0.0001054733,0.001260126,0.00000758941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001085996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008555384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006369619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01108792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979177,0.0004620002,0.0003060965,0.0002238624,0.000898716,0.0001916577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9539869,0.04349793,0.0002057099,0.0002971021,0.001977229,0.0000350896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005067497,0.00004603528,0.000205726,0.00001829839,0.0001063602,0.00001115652,0.02157513,0.00008146661,0.00001028394,0.9617161,0.0159329,0.0002459149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003793061,0.00004423345,0.002247701,0.0001237142,0.00005848278,0.00001612191,0.02577525,0.0004115858,0.000346253,0.8624155,0.1080596,0.0001222605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01175468,0.0005194694,0.02318558,0.9549295,0.002328232,0.0008391077,0.0001849873,0.00002886526,0.006229592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885717,0.0003363135,0.0009074387,0.00626425,0.001056669,0.0001282947,0.00001828412,0.0000142183,0.002702801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9768171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921673601","doi":"10.1017/s0892679418000874","title":"Unresolved and Unresolvable? Tensions in the Refugee Regime","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Refugee; Context (archaeology); Political science; Repatriation; Refugee law; Morality; Sociology; Law and economics; Obligation; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03636024527787845,"gpt":0.3440128001595846,"spread":0.3076525548817061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002502227,0.0001015847,0.000105249,0.0001291577,0.0003140422,0.000170789,0.0003990938,0.0002143315,0.0004473999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001411442,0.00007455803,0.00005189755,0.0002346947,0.0002156107,0.000360657,0.00004074473,0.0006438777,0.000136002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001043511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002278563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002197073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03839731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981083,0.0004129042,0.0002389886,0.0002459823,0.0007990136,0.0001948187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985038,0.000871972,0.00009572434,0.0001861434,0.0002930658,0.0000492802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000206351,0.00004383405,0.006532497,0.000005006592,0.00001368178,0.000002460865,0.05806071,0.00002717236,0.0002460112,0.9290077,0.005596608,0.000443698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004255266,0.00006040712,0.01649753,0.0001028736,0.000009942074,0.000004888552,0.05383082,0.0009590139,0.00006364893,0.03949667,0.8883414,0.0002072577],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3993618,0.0003991301,0.0003833641,0.1045808,0.001978228,0.0007375951,0.00001947209,0.0000982372,0.4924414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876174,0.0004719807,0.0002947469,0.001324365,0.0002721592,0.00001918156,0.00003215352,0.000008372664,0.009959673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.889511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9791494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996478824","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00401.x","title":"Human Wrongs and the Tragedy of Victimhood","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Torture, Ethics, and Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Injustice; Oppression; Tragedy (event); Environmental ethics; Politics; Sociology; Criminology; Law; Political science; Law and economics; Social science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06086865100366953,"gpt":0.3473834323568491,"spread":0.2865147813531796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002157381,0.00007426386,0.0001117708,0.00004125555,0.0005189262,0.00007244198,0.0003776875,0.0002098034,0.0009408937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008783963,0.00005663736,0.00007740843,0.00007398538,0.001628326,0.0001380213,0.00004797093,0.0007858672,0.00001557158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000353318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000459002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001390336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005026625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984869,0.0002887186,0.0002024167,0.0001489044,0.0007381206,0.0001349712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987378,0.0007857099,0.000116655,0.0001099569,0.0001961873,0.00005375353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005889513,0.00003081443,0.000198746,0.000004804566,0.00003388558,0.000001186673,0.1127704,0.000003438038,0.00002183305,0.885223,0.001134485,0.0005715732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002085318,0.00007222209,0.003316358,0.00008925334,0.00005505381,0.000005632428,0.07017376,0.0003247181,0.0001571152,0.2426905,0.680701,0.000329104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01659305,0.0004751469,0.0001120823,0.1165205,0.00104508,0.0001849315,0.00001204427,0.00005782361,0.8649993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894481,0.0003172892,0.00009991916,0.0006927637,0.0003883052,0.000006554001,0.000002032742,0.000007085519,0.009037974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.972855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141374615","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00414.x","title":"Striking First: A History of Thankfully Lost Opportunities","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Military and Defense Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Law; International law; George (robot); Use of force; Administration (probate law); History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1601726318591515,"gpt":0.3360162704653825,"spread":0.175843638606231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001390296,0.00008416946,0.0001204062,0.00009338965,0.0002087679,0.00001116595,0.0002280229,0.0001146987,0.002007515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002045359,0.0000873733,0.00009037554,0.00006062956,0.0006280543,0.0001729901,0.00004042587,0.0003009302,0.00001813531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004257361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008974159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007828109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004452263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986833,0.0002089373,0.0002175355,0.0001461173,0.0005839724,0.0001601479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986155,0.0007457113,0.0001076706,0.00009778446,0.0003763951,0.00005694591],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001119562,0.00002947874,0.0007176046,0.00001490624,0.00005568508,0.000007087446,0.07881908,0.00001867471,0.00000961757,0.9071008,0.01309889,0.0001169544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001025252,0.00002571205,0.000108452,0.00004429963,0.00000854502,0.000001301182,0.0652388,0.000008963854,0.00002149467,0.01709137,0.9172549,0.00009363957],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004639176,0.001389283,0.0001582699,0.00708328,0.002187925,0.00007257944,0.00001815019,0.00003193115,0.9844194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9540412,0.001309124,0.0003344667,0.0002890609,0.0001516441,0.000005398802,0.000004337146,0.000006545606,0.04385821],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.949402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971797831","doi":"10.1017/s0892679419000339","title":"Unilateral Economic Sanctions, International Law, and Human Rights","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sanctions; Charter; Economic sanctions; Human rights; Demise; Context (archaeology); Political science; United Nations Charter; Law; International law; Cold war; Scope (computer science); Humanity; Quarter (Canadian coin); Law and economics; International trade; Politics; Economics; Security council; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01971275115442535,"gpt":0.3326485653646595,"spread":0.3129358142102342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007252156,0.0001588496,0.000144636,0.0001693547,0.000926141,0.000351632,0.0006165002,0.0002262033,0.007243297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002647824,0.000157319,0.0001016482,0.00002469523,0.0004329563,0.0007040107,0.0001209285,0.0005358911,0.001007634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004352804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001176332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006863914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0233685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998244,0.0001229056,0.0003184992,0.0003820803,0.0006913393,0.0002411225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990636,0.0002461081,0.0001419828,0.0001521291,0.0002819039,0.0001143098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001694635,0.0000356625,0.001192023,0.000002939681,0.00009407801,0.000004906174,0.002311071,0.0000301229,0.00006104529,0.9955606,0.0006734338,0.00001712244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003712853,0.00002333168,0.001326754,0.00003173132,0.000007168274,0.000005665038,0.0002399673,0.00009163845,0.00007965863,0.4138437,0.5837939,0.0001852181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2351469,0.000007663129,0.00002547584,0.007687374,0.004898044,0.0001540867,0.00003949588,0.00009015082,0.7519509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.923667,0.00001099167,0.0002099806,0.0006574792,0.00128526,0.00001241969,0.0001055761,0.00001471579,0.07403661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6885201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195551638","doi":"10.1017/s0892679421000216","title":"The Responsibility to Protect: Locating Norm Entrepreneurship","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Responsibility to protect; Norm (philosophy); Sovereignty; Political science; Legitimacy; Global governance; International law; Foreign policy; International relations; Political economy; Law; Sociology; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03894453291981726,"gpt":0.3726354138062117,"spread":0.3336908808863945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003277415,0.00008299614,0.00007622063,0.0000299305,0.000926681,0.0003073469,0.0005679905,0.0001472024,0.0001233355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01704359,0.00007321923,0.00008129922,0.0003007936,0.0002225206,0.000120404,0.0001984328,0.0006448394,0.0001426705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002632871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008147358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001287956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05975075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976969,0.0005626205,0.0002149284,0.0002925621,0.0009559617,0.0002770391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971534,0.001502962,0.00006719271,0.0002615485,0.0008910449,0.0001238689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006118454,0.00007195671,0.003442596,0.000007245592,0.00003704223,0.00002393675,0.05310315,0.000189131,0.0002750265,0.9360482,0.001509973,0.005230637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002237531,0.00003861593,0.005125536,0.00009166299,0.00001191395,0.00000704385,0.08518525,0.0005118938,0.000759048,0.1508521,0.7568799,0.0003133243],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1740328,0.0001706967,0.001005331,0.4818018,0.002622263,0.0004741672,0.00003156998,0.0001508581,0.3397105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910617,0.00008537246,0.0005730313,0.001321565,0.0003114781,0.0000224243,0.000009597039,0.000006723956,0.006608104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8170289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9912363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134121650","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00413.x","title":"Letting the Exception Prove the Rule","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Law and Aviation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Terrorism; State (computer science); Law; Political science; Government (linguistics); International law; Use of force; Jus ad bellum; Rule of law; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03720837861490117,"gpt":0.346474301564611,"spread":0.3092659229497098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003095123,0.00007954299,0.00004959552,0.00003391303,0.001182904,0.0002278144,0.0004983897,0.0001117039,0.0006607349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002494317,0.00005009936,0.00008387194,0.0001217861,0.0002903413,0.0002519078,0.00003426191,0.0005673457,0.0002309235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001760293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002232489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001107573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00164398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998035,0.0004228036,0.0001873169,0.0001559912,0.001020577,0.0001782815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983675,0.0009105782,0.0001376602,0.0001185407,0.0004353448,0.00003030469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003585662,0.00001835168,0.0004007028,0.000001069373,0.00002072449,6.185588e-7,0.01473909,0.00006091673,0.0001201054,0.9823496,0.001465675,0.0008195082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001168937,0.000008400573,0.001444222,0.00001902017,0.000008158019,0.000002809413,0.00984319,0.0001150471,0.0003775027,0.1131446,0.8748219,0.00009828361],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01352665,0.00004244352,0.00265066,0.179319,0.002747947,0.0002559561,0.0000080194,0.00006331946,0.8013861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981959,0.00005200363,0.0001901331,0.002221169,0.0008975106,0.00003387015,0.00001198997,0.000008650141,0.01462567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9684324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9098057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194471673","doi":"10.1017/s0892679421000253","title":"Inclusive Trade: Justice, Innovation, or More of the Same?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Labor and Employment Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Conceptualization; Economic Justice; Redistribution (election); Indigenous; Politics; Representation (politics); Conversation; Global justice; Sociology; Political science; Political economy; Law and economics; International trade; Law; Economics; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05027541306034167,"gpt":0.3968972668613245,"spread":0.3466218538009828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008305074,0.00009382549,0.0001081939,0.00008863821,0.0004779533,0.0000657873,0.0006363175,0.0001690956,0.001356787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004551624,0.00007093244,0.00008499235,0.0008141459,0.0004348599,0.0002134917,0.0001903699,0.0004809376,0.000016362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000203998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001343884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005292746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004994509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976925,0.0001915718,0.0003559725,0.0001910375,0.001408159,0.0001607785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973285,0.0006592525,0.0002042253,0.0001592335,0.001614181,0.00003460171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002324525,0.00007439774,0.0007163904,0.00001274304,0.00006627994,0.000007829939,0.01612145,0.00006829444,0.0004190828,0.977328,0.004937345,0.0002249512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004774585,0.00002195077,0.005905617,0.0001525216,0.0000587192,0.00001001492,0.0318182,0.0001003252,0.006679268,0.06225457,0.8923023,0.0002190162],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02542291,0.00005028764,0.0004680701,0.390174,0.00555663,0.0002044235,0.0001717298,0.00005717002,0.5778947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9660264,0.00009192635,0.0004940658,0.0052434,0.0006257482,0.00001081925,0.00004537201,0.00001120277,0.02745106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9406035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412543739","doi":"10.1017/s0892679425100026","title":"The International Peace- and State-Building Intervention in Afghanistan: Distilling Lessons to Be Learned","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"International peace; State (computer science); Political science; State-building; Intervention (counseling); Peacebuilding; Public administration; Psychology; Law; Computer science; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06335073725257863,"gpt":0.4157246164547644,"spread":0.3523738792021858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002578203,0.0001400296,0.0001285576,0.0002018456,0.0007729667,0.0006809796,0.000720527,0.0001258092,0.00006118129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001739219,0.0001312781,0.00008460908,0.000225802,0.0003305406,0.0001675478,0.0002516058,0.0005780033,0.000007532106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004608331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002899742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002110363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03619133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980649,0.0001824071,0.0003882972,0.00033934,0.0006761861,0.0003488179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986027,0.0007041749,0.0001090687,0.0001462514,0.0003238545,0.000113929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005862235,0.00004323318,0.0004345514,0.00000856623,0.00004871998,0.000005464677,0.004253856,0.00004516474,0.0001420236,0.9882467,0.00008029547,0.006632819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003259125,0.00001713786,0.0006615494,0.0001843999,0.000007346579,8.200576e-7,0.01278056,0.0005183643,0.0001240074,0.05044798,0.9347905,0.0001414255],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009858561,0.0007784272,0.02321813,0.08750752,0.006681621,0.0004704859,0.000142434,0.0001158339,0.871227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8394961,0.0009425409,0.0003790459,0.0009009548,0.0001763229,0.00003400263,0.00001431165,0.00001129147,0.1580454],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9377987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9813957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1488140417","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2006.00049.x","title":"A New World Order, Anne-Marie Slaughter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 368 pp., $45 cloth, $18.95 paper.","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Order (exchange); Art; Theology; Economic history; Political science; History; Philosophy; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02542979330753741,"gpt":0.293212148708379,"spread":0.2677823554008416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008486197,0.0002787766,0.000236645,0.0001447793,0.0009462787,0.0003365848,0.001278933,0.0003459005,0.007098135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002496836,0.0002873271,0.0002039227,0.0002320663,0.0005142113,0.0009425451,0.0002149475,0.001014743,0.0002826395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006901016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001038453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02927436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06593504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965755,0.0002709296,0.0004003601,0.0005792488,0.001671593,0.0005023255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977317,0.0006476771,0.0002611887,0.0002789162,0.00086561,0.00021484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008625835,0.0001097689,0.0003576411,0.00000761065,0.00007106256,0.00004811315,0.001123158,0.0002242,0.00002825391,0.8874155,0.110283,0.0002454759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005867371,0.00002315473,0.0009119286,0.00006781358,0.00002295146,0.000002212168,0.0002209514,0.0001021017,0.0001289519,0.1087759,0.8888296,0.0003276188],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002453934,0.0005691054,0.001912703,0.02676318,0.002847653,0.0003582419,0.0000947568,0.0002770043,0.9647234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4049865,0.0003647187,0.002927277,0.0007094506,0.003156765,0.000006071782,0.0001409302,0.00003396203,0.5876743],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7786396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390979764","doi":"10.1017/s0892679423000400","title":"Introduction: Voluntariness and Migration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Voluntariness; Politics; Normative; Refugee; State (computer science); Political science; Law and economics; Sociology; Coercion (linguistics); Ambivalence; Law; Social psychology; Psychology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02968298365044918,"gpt":0.3420239234005487,"spread":0.3123409397500995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001356028,0.00009097686,0.00008116733,0.000186257,0.0005336764,0.0001860333,0.0001738284,0.0001741895,0.0007949845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001368457,0.00009044937,0.00004242669,0.0003688495,0.000205062,0.000555173,0.00003729696,0.0003281534,0.000294794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001728881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002519285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05083589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985762,0.0001495412,0.0002078911,0.0002557769,0.0006501626,0.0001604297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990491,0.0002025862,0.00008142964,0.0001032222,0.0004962863,0.00006737909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001933731,0.00002782215,0.004560033,0.000009939456,0.00003311278,0.000001931458,0.06401132,0.00007428936,0.0004278613,0.8340931,0.0928154,0.00392584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001259859,0.00002106359,0.008227082,0.00001372675,0.000007851294,0.000002355736,0.01561745,0.001362451,0.0001943099,0.01687245,0.9574223,0.0001330103],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3937264,0.0001329819,0.003482957,0.4759424,0.009901053,0.0004771254,0.00003237572,0.0008124041,0.1154923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9603863,0.0010807,0.0003112996,0.0002673917,0.003927733,0.00003135237,0.000232046,0.00001138555,0.03375182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8646069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9664839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409202447","doi":"10.1017/s0892679425000048","title":"Knives Out: Evolving Trends in State Interference with UN Peacekeeping Operations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Peacekeeping; Interference (communication); Political science; State (computer science); Computer science; Telecommunications; Public administration; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03345521709406354,"gpt":0.3571378587851744,"spread":0.3236826416911109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008986964,0.0001186303,0.0001067955,0.0003070306,0.0002498243,0.0005039015,0.0004029326,0.0001160758,0.0004455822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003183272,0.0001130528,0.00005721178,0.0004120294,0.0002378283,0.0006744546,0.00008259318,0.000824269,0.00007383764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002773736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003082459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002589156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1382358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984869,0.0001620052,0.0002180595,0.0003033086,0.0005757576,0.0002539032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993279,0.0002465239,0.00002751285,0.0001000862,0.0002226037,0.00007536246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002851884,0.0001014467,0.001900664,0.00002440957,0.0001271546,0.0001284708,0.351673,0.00347472,0.0001333178,0.6216928,0.0008249124,0.01989064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001743653,0.0004404798,0.01852695,0.003990787,0.0001088908,0.00003776527,0.2550212,0.3290665,0.0001609223,0.1082889,0.2801535,0.00246049],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1158302,0.001350331,0.02334235,0.1430274,0.003692645,0.0002949221,0.0001444631,0.0005501689,0.7117675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928348,0.0003721812,0.0009540021,0.0002623333,0.0001440555,0.0000110842,0.00004094461,0.00001247525,0.005368126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8770046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8774891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312531718","doi":"10.1017/s0892679422000491","title":"Solidarity in Place? Hope and Despair in Postpandemic Membership","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Practices","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Solidarity; Democracy; Citizenship; Inequality; Sociology; Social stratification; Narrative; Political economy; Political science; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1727876181215339,"gpt":0.4961466712741128,"spread":0.323359053152579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009354535,0.0001142007,0.0001988926,0.0002815042,0.000483001,0.00001657466,0.0002579573,0.0002549442,0.001749867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002345653,0.0001191343,0.00002890415,0.0002307759,0.00004763891,0.0002297494,0.0003379769,0.004771543,0.00004858772],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006409886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009175995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007968794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03558831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947714,0.003412641,0.0005872357,0.0003021433,0.0005793612,0.0003472327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948326,0.004566825,0.0002334751,0.0001417972,0.0001286468,0.00009663149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005813426,0.0001578977,0.7444921,0.0004152275,0.00003840786,0.0001225,0.1204096,0.0002676274,0.00009293828,0.1281359,0.004008819,0.001277705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002841966,0.000184407,0.1521171,0.0006037928,0.000007908179,0.00005786328,0.1516638,0.002711555,0.000006195417,0.01861168,0.6707402,0.0004535465],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7198864,0.0004705451,0.00001541704,0.1645432,0.002750759,0.0007295307,0.00007890159,0.00006582547,0.1114595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945729,0.0001403321,0.0001339084,0.002561765,0.0001811414,0.0002060757,0.00002768175,0.00001713397,0.002159056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6667314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408169041","doi":"10.1017/s0892679425000012","title":"What Future for Peace Operations?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Peacebuilding and International Security","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Computer security; Business; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05229849514086526,"gpt":0.4218833927726911,"spread":0.3695848976318258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001616599,0.0001039224,0.00008167014,0.000124796,0.0005069781,0.001296928,0.0004628477,0.0002117332,0.0006557677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008000575,0.0001022739,0.0001448479,0.0001491723,0.0001533349,0.001295218,0.00004809021,0.000540481,0.0001491409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002791678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004159771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004446159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003235986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984637,0.0001089418,0.0001927763,0.000294084,0.0007413206,0.0001991075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986969,0.0006051044,0.00002440175,0.00009280546,0.0004961537,0.00008468121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009551247,0.00002609438,0.00001091201,0.00001216404,0.00005838491,0.000003057051,0.02246138,0.0001044755,0.00011036,0.911563,0.06229685,0.003343698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009316839,0.00001493749,0.00003481803,0.0001280496,0.000008899682,0.000002549104,0.01774072,0.003243305,0.0001123238,0.01183536,0.9666573,0.0001285939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009572132,0.01569115,0.01493269,0.7399871,0.05879737,0.0006671275,0.0001881718,0.0007629563,0.1594013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9399524,0.01439905,0.00241456,0.001356587,0.008395831,0.0001063496,0.0001492369,0.00002528793,0.0332007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9303803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7131237470","doi":"10.1017/s0892679426100367","title":"Ideology and Revolution: How the Struggle against Domination Drives the Evolution of Morality and Institutions, by Allen Buchanan (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2025), 236 pp., cloth $120, eBook $120.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Globalization and political ideologies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Morality; Volume (thermodynamics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03190126528065614,"gpt":0.3156751443351112,"spread":0.2837738790544551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001122008,0.0001206579,0.0001442385,0.00006461978,0.0008908983,0.00008674643,0.0004247536,0.0002294912,0.000009000752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001788153,0.00009440596,0.00005567903,0.0001763139,0.002759944,0.0003081059,0.0002406596,0.0003635398,0.000001570317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003484607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004846619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007555613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00259124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981577,0.0007771431,0.0002084426,0.0002571272,0.0003981866,0.0002014465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982994,0.0008020376,0.0001665318,0.0001723015,0.0004992411,0.00006054392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002038238,0.00002703478,0.003076277,0.00001541032,0.00005448996,7.517866e-7,0.001089371,0.00002708991,0.00004764473,0.9427865,0.05264208,0.0002130328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006790971,0.00003869691,0.03921777,0.0001036381,0.00008261011,0.00000228483,0.03290616,0.00136246,0.0001275593,0.01016182,0.9150991,0.0002187944],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04515705,0.007447784,0.01173367,0.4813136,0.001976736,0.001091499,0.0006185324,0.0001715975,0.4504896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825673,0.003685957,0.0001098329,0.0005149521,0.00007404947,0.000006832122,0.00005164021,0.000003352696,0.01298611],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9374102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412543782","doi":"10.1017/s0892679425100099","title":"Dehumanization in the Global Migration Crisis, Adrienne de Ruiter (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024), 208 pp., cloth $115, eBook $114.99.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"China's Global Influence and Migration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Dehumanization; Economic history; Political science; Media studies; Sociology; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02002256561897555,"gpt":0.3265869774610203,"spread":0.3065644118420448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001255275,0.0001439799,0.0001131566,0.00009102953,0.0005375214,0.0002598901,0.0008200402,0.0002816338,0.00009871079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005976014,0.0001363182,0.00009279525,0.000513027,0.0002044021,0.0006757988,0.0001082224,0.0004853004,0.00001000458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009669714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005710478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01136842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08376141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980351,0.0004576296,0.0002646807,0.0003072504,0.0006514759,0.0002838111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989824,0.0002507059,0.0001322983,0.0001861895,0.0003920773,0.00005628322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006213541,0.00009379368,0.01906185,0.00001115422,0.00003563273,0.000008709568,0.01923295,0.0005603916,0.00001782386,0.9071908,0.05287137,0.0008534036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003448844,0.00002469613,0.01585845,0.0000698612,0.0000321482,0.000001791782,0.02909737,0.0006835487,0.000040016,0.04195471,0.9117326,0.0001599394],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1621548,0.001507971,0.02134014,0.1515975,0.003698869,0.001636216,0.0002921237,0.0003044585,0.6574679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883308,0.003907494,0.0004143442,0.002663872,0.0002650486,0.00001336553,0.0001391622,0.000006268931,0.00425963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.865236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9952149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1901206540","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00075.x","title":"Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights, Carol C. Gould (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 288 pp., $70 cloth, $24.99 paper.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Human rights; Political science; Content (measure theory); Law and economics; Media studies; Sociology; Law; Mathematics; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02670192116548122,"gpt":0.3140840749294652,"spread":0.287382153763984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001760406,0.0002654757,0.0002286478,0.0001415987,0.002706318,0.0002607012,0.0008827957,0.0004254822,0.0002299702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001731468,0.0002734513,0.0001618193,0.0001149305,0.0008410101,0.0008698493,0.000200889,0.0009742351,0.00006593281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006856071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002276449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03127919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01919294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968078,0.0002450779,0.000403444,0.0005514383,0.001457593,0.0005347216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997956,0.0005629226,0.0002494657,0.0002204379,0.0007305971,0.0002805699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005735566,0.0000833874,0.0008932297,0.0000111881,0.0001166568,0.000103231,0.001227447,0.000008895327,0.0001846089,0.9723343,0.02493498,0.00004475648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006806411,0.00004354076,0.006717313,0.0000896046,0.0000478063,0.00001614571,0.0008524568,0.00003821503,0.0003824355,0.02438519,0.9663163,0.0004303622],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1278959,0.0002868962,0.0004844266,0.009806505,0.002448262,0.0003640359,0.0001819109,0.0002505152,0.8582816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.918835,0.0001321319,0.0002882647,0.0004432664,0.001213588,0.000001888031,0.0000827327,0.00002107604,0.078982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9479491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414967998","doi":"10.1017/s0892679425100178","title":"Detained Migrant Children, Autonomy, and Positive Duties","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Autonomy; Economic Justice; Context (archaeology); Immigration; Convention; Human rights; Bridge (graph theory); Global justice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01579952272151486,"gpt":0.3424875753668264,"spread":0.3266880526453116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004464592,0.000132939,0.0001316981,0.0001953084,0.0001906395,0.00005086841,0.0001907801,0.0002077676,0.0006590543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001782454,0.0001300162,0.00005783202,0.0001144041,0.0001457795,0.0000832574,0.00005205257,0.0005609798,0.00009748112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008275954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002427566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001319182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001521658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988821,0.0001276675,0.000280211,0.0003040431,0.0002039542,0.0002020614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990066,0.0004681553,0.00007937278,0.0001539063,0.0002193133,0.00007269995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001446501,0.0001154671,0.02923921,0.00001540474,0.0003299768,0.000007130816,0.03465219,0.000005335315,0.00001924994,0.9247253,0.006195536,0.004550562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001585697,0.0001116229,0.9157774,0.0001154827,0.00005090118,0.00004724877,0.005391849,0.0002151566,0.0001802022,0.04186201,0.03439234,0.0002700443],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5145205,0.002416841,0.005165844,0.1150983,0.004293036,0.0007246301,0.0002867792,0.0002437697,0.3572503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866072,0.0000513207,0.0004345158,0.002539546,0.0001522529,0.00003742246,0.0001279281,0.000009454931,0.01004035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8865382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7216182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242682781","doi":"10.1017/s0892679419000340","title":"Introduction","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sanctions; Economic sanctions; Political science; Politics; Enforcement; Terrorism; Foreign policy; State (computer science); International trade; Money laundering; European union; Language change; Member state; Law; Political economy; Member states; Business; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03390024348863544,"gpt":0.2543134358132169,"spread":0.2204131923245814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005982466,0.000105364,0.0001525363,0.0002764578,0.00008104571,0.00008931761,0.0002835381,0.0001472582,0.02457613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003601068,0.0001305686,0.000123655,0.0001177267,0.00004303939,0.0004789398,0.00005895074,0.0004802112,0.02606277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002317117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003035925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007944071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001640086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989152,0.00001135727,0.0004718081,0.0003808282,0.00007746233,0.0001433738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992276,0.0001262163,0.0002327515,0.0002428554,0.0001254644,0.00004503992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007268898,0.00003962702,0.01423081,0.000003326156,0.00007265854,3.315847e-7,0.000260347,0.000748423,0.00004151544,0.9742652,0.0102108,0.0001197545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003080441,0.000027281,0.009289126,0.000007966306,0.000002030398,0.000009487261,0.0002580557,0.004795311,0.0000644661,0.1311933,0.8538732,0.000171733],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04144517,0.000199013,0.005346762,0.04800134,0.009380894,0.0001529172,0.000101864,0.00008244259,0.8952896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9423466,0.0001133836,0.001052568,0.0005128558,0.00114738,0.00001961102,0.00009737661,0.00001950228,0.05469072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9009014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9763156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7131235731","doi":"10.1017/s0892679426100343","title":"Governing Artificial Intelligence: Designing Professional Structures for the Predictive Age","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Embodied cognition; Corporate governance; Professional responsibility; State (computer science); Professional standards; Professional association; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.205546449519749,"gpt":0.4871796480018494,"spread":0.2816331984821004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00116086,0.0001449369,0.0001569016,0.0001395142,0.00056226,0.00007817701,0.0002805235,0.0002595505,0.0002118958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004014663,0.0001053773,0.0001306935,0.0002158415,0.0002231787,0.0001064847,0.00007082429,0.00104435,0.00002649343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002655521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009310215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001686365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001335021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983392,0.00008331954,0.0004932942,0.0003027681,0.0005419257,0.0002394935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954883,0.003408229,0.0001413234,0.0001906541,0.0007063709,0.00006505348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001809346,0.0002710641,0.002950776,0.0002655708,0.0005468946,0.00001321251,0.02281413,0.002786376,0.002714513,0.7320025,0.01176168,0.2220639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001197094,0.0003934741,0.006101458,0.001068971,0.0002713495,0.00002537184,0.103404,0.05000035,0.07650302,0.7156928,0.04605374,0.0003657723],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01697536,0.0006305172,0.7924941,0.1560394,0.01628932,0.002098851,0.00007619825,0.0001700428,0.01522629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897179,0.0000818371,0.003717134,0.002000795,0.00120162,0.0002218096,0.000101009,0.0000159276,0.002941957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9727426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4806216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}