{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":65,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":65,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ee758b77c688","filters":{"venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion"}},"results":[{"id":"W1981874964","doi":"10.1007/s10494-008-9148-0","title":"Conditional Source-Term Estimation as a Method for Chemical Closure in Premixed Turbulent Reacting Flow","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Laminar flow; Probability density function; Conditional expectation; Closure (psychology); Mechanics; Conditional probability distribution; Term (time); Mathematics; Variable (mathematics); Direct numerical simulation; Applied mathematics; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Statistics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Reynolds number","authors":[{"name":"Bruce Ruishu Jin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ray Grout","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Kendal Bushe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01043335522899206,"gpt":0.2403626972440333,"spread":0.2299293420150412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003634477,0.0007001421,0.001003937,0.0009647572,0.0006124866,0.001040602,0.002152528,0.001291998,0.001474608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01220519,0.001028472,0.0008179347,0.0005722198,0.00122958,0.001976822,0.002003992,0.00238518,0.0003103541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006599926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001687382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005417963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004338973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992829,0.0003876569,0.00003909979,0.00008506195,0.0001496195,0.00005574144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9914039,0.006596374,0.0004385753,0.000582705,0.0007521774,0.000226218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006016066,0.0001908494,0.002337082,0.0001539254,0.0001578256,0.00008734324,0.0001070528,0.822017,0.01514318,0.06673542,0.001384184,0.09108464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003798829,0.00000406594,0.000057961,0.000001570151,0.000003287471,0.000002699917,8.193861e-7,0.9977643,0.0007978038,0.001313598,0.00004590566,0.000004192531],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02245112,0.00008573932,0.9763309,0.00008808174,0.00002962182,0.00001643108,0.00004496725,0.0006751767,0.0002779833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5684285,0.0002746079,0.4269979,0.0001216224,0.0001199148,0.0001521589,0.0005144678,0.0007369756,0.002653793],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005417963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01922119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997447345","doi":"10.1007/s10494-007-9113-3","title":"Mean Flow Structures Inside the Human Upper Airway","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lattice Boltzmann methods; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Mechanics; Airflow; Data set; Mathematics; Mean flow; Freestream; Physics; Statistics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Christopher G. Ball","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mesbah Uddin","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Pollard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01369683768182956,"gpt":0.2424435068464858,"spread":0.2287466691646563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002171695,0.0002054697,0.0003441643,0.000302404,0.000640708,0.001190897,0.000339142,0.0007897324,0.001065054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001154909,0.0003433326,0.0003318558,0.0001840636,0.001137797,0.0007528347,0.0005064879,0.0004813642,0.0001832935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005382267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007125217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003610489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001744141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999146,0.00002556742,0.000003236628,0.00001563874,0.00002346892,0.0000174663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997707,0.0001326728,0.00001933543,0.00001891135,0.00002798018,0.00003041026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001138696,0.0002415365,0.03787534,0.0001504463,0.00005728897,0.002428916,0.001747701,0.7665403,0.09975455,0.04366179,0.001564633,0.04483876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004289297,0.0001736107,0.035232,0.0000215742,0.00002155614,0.001007617,0.0003156934,0.9388903,0.008744615,0.01463012,0.0008705752,0.00004939919],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659149,0.0006050022,0.02900924,0.0003973737,0.00003600565,0.00001901901,0.00007006093,0.0001101637,0.003838172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981364,0.00009990713,0.001107675,0.00001664882,0.00001418913,0.000007340745,0.00001747438,0.00001086239,0.0005894288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003610489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007178962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799340145","doi":"10.1007/s10494-018-9905-7","title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Non-Axisymmetric Stenosis Model for Newtonian vs. Shear-Thinning Non-Newtonian Rheologies","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Compute Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Shear thinning; Newtonian fluid; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Non-Newtonian fluid; Turbulence kinetic energy; Laminar flow; Physics; Generalized Newtonian fluid; Rheology; Classical mechanics; Viscoelasticity; Shear rate; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Owais Khan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kristian Valen‐Sendstad","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Steinman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0107981251137406,"gpt":0.2288935359025295,"spread":0.2180954107887889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002042022,0.0004766987,0.000618701,0.0003624584,0.0005132048,0.0009446771,0.0007228839,0.001157,0.001773832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008516241,0.0003069885,0.0004314709,0.0003249863,0.000761385,0.0004493403,0.0005821285,0.000570132,0.0001669682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007416892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009063752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01827359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01029408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999176,0.00002023011,0.000004694658,0.00001328683,0.00002197361,0.00002231411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.0001960465,0.00006523833,0.00002916621,0.00006730749,0.00006910956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001141903,0.00009229362,0.001454725,0.00003086106,0.00001441664,0.0001205365,0.00005187824,0.9905459,0.003143751,0.002971297,0.0002202092,0.001240031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001375357,0.00002070581,0.0002149382,0.00000231073,0.000002549375,0.000007187588,0.000008828701,0.9991403,0.0003423396,0.000164149,0.00007936849,0.000003680852],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9437283,0.0003294994,0.0345445,0.0004210922,0.0000918045,0.00006271668,0.0004107858,0.0003309303,0.02008047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947969,0.0000714346,0.002875971,0.0000297108,0.000009745193,0.00002192357,0.00008417566,0.00002510931,0.002085035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01827359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03633446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2624365459","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9820-3","title":"PIV Measurements in the Near and Intermediate Field Regions of Jets Issuing from Eight Different Nozzle Geometries","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Turbulence; Geometry; Jet (fluid); Body orifice; Physics; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Optics; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Seyed Sobhan Aleyasin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark F. Tachie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikhail Koupriyanov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.019391367660848,"gpt":0.2299568823216382,"spread":0.2105655146607902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001658666,0.0003081996,0.0003881321,0.0006647805,0.0005652326,0.000588503,0.0002399551,0.0004888838,0.0009927455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005411493,0.0002126926,0.0002496759,0.0004264338,0.0005011595,0.0003086057,0.0004418413,0.000396335,0.0001878633],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001900723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002551689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002017385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002943192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997771,0.00001218681,0.00001061258,0.0000490888,0.000075216,0.00007575266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995567,0.0001116397,0.00006570573,0.00003102766,0.0001326174,0.0001023024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002510824,0.0002158579,0.03626358,0.00008553697,0.00005383977,0.0005309008,0.000630261,0.003053208,0.9433796,0.000366013,0.0003302886,0.01258008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009244243,0.001355893,0.6195424,0.00002392337,0.00009211577,0.0006160311,0.0009001401,0.01076825,0.3651479,0.0002347147,0.001123293,0.0001030514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972893,0.00003994991,0.001260092,0.000009019293,0.00001328024,0.0000105651,0.0002507668,0.00004728558,0.001079677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998686,0.00003332308,0.0007167073,0.000007931874,0.000003575572,0.000006365483,0.0002222604,0.000008249835,0.0003155913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002017385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004011273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101044394","doi":"10.1023/b:appl.0000014921.22210.6e","title":"Pulsatile Blood Flow in Anatomically Accurate Vessels with Multiple Aneurysms: A Medical Intervention Planning Application of Computational Haemodynamics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Robarts Research Institute","keywords":"Pulsatile flow; Aneurysm; Inflow; Hemodynamics; Cardiac cycle; Outflow; Blood flow; Medicine; Cardiology; Computer science; Radiology; Geology; Physics; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Iordanis Chatziprodromou","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Butty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vinod B. Makhijani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimos Poulikakos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yiannis Ventikos","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009674885469213555,"gpt":0.2560637028217025,"spread":0.246388817352489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006537943,0.0003654139,0.0005576477,0.0005866706,0.0005167855,0.0009504573,0.0005695983,0.000848023,0.000515701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003260077,0.0004722502,0.000429557,0.000521116,0.001185742,0.0005407767,0.0007230407,0.0006407116,0.00005074585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004645632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007789098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003985309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002713777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998455,0.00005722087,0.00001028781,0.00001876817,0.00005419112,0.00001403136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986501,0.001070427,0.00008830116,0.00005360034,0.00009712665,0.00004041133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002342221,0.00008171948,0.005055801,0.00006651126,0.00002520927,0.0005404309,0.0001990099,0.9427985,0.01061901,0.005758024,0.0002629488,0.03435867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001393225,0.00002335621,0.0005190215,0.000002891029,0.000005633669,0.00009914,0.0000166306,0.9968736,0.001387841,0.0009358804,0.0001150395,0.000007058466],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4037837,0.0006417784,0.5916619,0.0008618514,0.00009455009,0.0000660503,0.00004104607,0.000366609,0.002482562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9387779,0.0002197304,0.0603183,0.00004043567,0.0000310023,0.00002361846,0.00001161244,0.0000381252,0.0005394531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003985309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007924259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064472710","doi":"10.1023/b:appl.0000004974.74706.6d","title":"An Attempt to Realize Experimental Isotropic Turbulence at Low Reynolds Number","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Physics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mechanics; K-epsilon turbulence model; Scaling; Reynolds decomposition; Isotropy; RADIUS; Classical mechanics; Optics; Geometry; Mathematics; Reynolds equation; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brahim Sarh","is_ca":false},{"name":"İskender Gökalp","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006064495650637484,"gpt":0.2194627754036481,"spread":0.2133982797530106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00225849,0.0006661961,0.0006664479,0.0003581178,0.001164253,0.001028748,0.001089651,0.0008071994,0.001457743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002904286,0.0004760583,0.0003227416,0.0005300435,0.001616849,0.001256543,0.001090716,0.001383734,0.0006603386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004505502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005914425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009482896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009335574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999082,0.0002287767,0.00006572064,0.0001207163,0.0003685555,0.0001341225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971961,0.0008138251,0.0002416073,0.001034707,0.0005663765,0.0001474516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005673708,0.0005179981,0.001175165,0.0001305134,0.00001317298,0.000112597,0.0002108624,0.001592464,0.9784736,0.01199504,0.0003131043,0.004898107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000107649,0.0006276782,0.001268242,0.00001003582,0.00001694851,0.0001153415,0.00003599273,0.004699037,0.9894062,0.001325866,0.002365656,0.00002133066],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8467495,0.0004529689,0.1376397,0.0004928849,0.0001463816,0.0002957598,0.0003124633,0.000901479,0.01300889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9031056,0.0004497127,0.09164279,0.0001370761,0.00005287391,0.0003753749,0.0003891867,0.0002694357,0.003577997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00225849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01194417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110933849","doi":"10.1007/s10494-009-9220-4","title":"Towards a Unified Turbulence Simulation Approach for Wall-Bounded Flows","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Turbulence modeling; Bounded function; Computation; Computational fluid dynamics; Applied mathematics; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Kun-Jung Hsieh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fue‐Sang Lien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eugene Yee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01272011746689718,"gpt":0.2253112270512593,"spread":0.2125911095843621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001674627,0.000989872,0.002037496,0.001000634,0.001051289,0.002788495,0.003369877,0.001970669,0.001462603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003124685,0.0008964147,0.001720431,0.0007111223,0.001212871,0.00204386,0.00345281,0.00212808,0.0007569747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008975925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002304292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007161751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005924688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990509,0.000257497,0.00007611845,0.00008735175,0.0004488345,0.00007929633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990504,0.0002039268,0.00006409514,0.0001934142,0.0003827418,0.0001053166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006308949,0.0001226299,0.0005517669,0.00005809461,0.00007949874,0.00007944668,0.000124887,0.9099943,0.006386044,0.06389067,0.0004852272,0.01816423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006457878,0.000005533085,0.00001958865,0.000003313299,0.000004144943,0.00000325985,0.000004097555,0.9964452,0.0003783751,0.002657119,0.0004690466,0.000003833138],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007671428,0.0000958134,0.9899129,0.00007229383,0.00004022085,0.00004792518,0.00002384448,0.0004562346,0.001679281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2664343,0.0004438006,0.7284206,0.0001551028,0.00009260832,0.0003615264,0.000273434,0.0006525581,0.003166074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007161751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01424009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153674411","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9563-3","title":"Topology and Brush Thickness of Turbulent Premixed V-shaped Flames","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Turbulence kinetic energy; Premixed flame; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Physics; Flame structure; Optics; Materials science; Chemistry; Combustion; Combustor","authors":[{"name":"Sina Kheirkhah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ömer L. Gülder","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005066073652381097,"gpt":0.19031287640662,"spread":0.1852468027542389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002907116,0.0003613655,0.0002990239,0.001281333,0.0005604914,0.001663845,0.0004408743,0.0005049771,0.001432152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001484421,0.0003413935,0.0001705133,0.0002845003,0.001023047,0.001099893,0.0006413516,0.0004431827,0.0001674387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000507172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002218604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007928915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007207233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999343,0.00001479168,0.000003408669,0.0000138799,0.00001609158,0.00001741336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991255,0.0002053477,0.000227118,0.00003726998,0.0001124501,0.0002923245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002871613,0.0004575998,0.02868092,0.0002207396,0.00008289461,0.001649493,0.001139771,0.1880149,0.2831543,0.4609748,0.001147939,0.03160501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001117027,0.000365654,0.03262712,0.00006123198,0.00003049976,0.0006453989,0.0008349255,0.8317114,0.02562733,0.1066952,0.001155389,0.0001342336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894148,0.0001675848,0.007474622,0.00005185059,0.00001335712,0.000006096348,0.00003885645,0.00003571351,0.00279716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979253,0.00008954988,0.0009194514,0.000005294532,0.000008415863,0.000003385212,0.00003199651,0.00001468114,0.001001955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001663845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004791021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174614056","doi":"10.1007/s10494-013-9514-4","title":"Unsteady Laminar to Turbulent Flow in a Spacer-Filled Channel","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reynolds number; Laminar flow; Turbulence; Mechanics; Hele-Shaw flow; Particle image velocimetry; Open-channel flow; Chézy formula; Flow (mathematics); Pipe flow; Physics; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"S. M. Mojab","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Pollard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jon G. Pharoah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven Beale","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Hanff","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008026206795176002,"gpt":0.1989002148832476,"spread":0.1908740080880716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001995298,0.0002174368,0.0004080425,0.0003774637,0.0006402386,0.000707254,0.0003785711,0.0003382033,0.0009495532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006520909,0.0001358683,0.0002435443,0.0002661534,0.0008254703,0.0004871134,0.0005841411,0.0003089354,0.0001012417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005946477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001271361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002775905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00169709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998931,0.00001953211,0.000004497357,0.00002537429,0.00002100435,0.00003647951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999642,0.0001427669,0.00005194805,0.00002617491,0.00004695327,0.00009008474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006165259,0.001197148,0.01939663,0.0002077437,0.00005067753,0.001321982,0.0007628936,0.3605605,0.55604,0.0260874,0.001216423,0.02699334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002226132,0.0008263518,0.01147593,0.00002103303,0.00002630596,0.0001392079,0.0001776702,0.8984503,0.08563337,0.002176881,0.0007913153,0.00005910493],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954602,0.00005148416,0.003362909,0.00002771219,0.00002114028,0.000005902528,0.00002781593,0.00006240317,0.000980447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981223,0.00002663574,0.0009380076,0.00000731012,0.000005361158,0.000003482416,0.00002803549,0.000008751471,0.0008601199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002775905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005519509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968408075","doi":"10.1007/s10494-008-9176-9","title":"Effect of Sudden Expansion on Entrainment and Spreading Rates of a Jet Issuing from Asymmetric Nozzles","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Manitoba Hydro","keywords":"Nozzle; Entrainment (biomusicology); Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Turbulence; Reynolds number; Body orifice; Physics; Materials science; Acoustics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"C. O. Iyogun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006975420692268264,"gpt":0.2144376976080817,"spread":0.2074622769158135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002801522,0.0002918126,0.0003796991,0.0003431554,0.0003719199,0.0006001996,0.0002953587,0.000383665,0.0020525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001801199,0.000200588,0.0003045729,0.0001812023,0.0005445425,0.0004134659,0.0005430818,0.000565443,0.0001753666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002407484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001928907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001014528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006183859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998761,0.00002162404,0.000007569686,0.00001711924,0.00002619567,0.00005127573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986118,0.0008773819,0.000124189,0.00006029061,0.000113612,0.0002127342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00700495,0.0001737836,0.008254934,0.000116971,0.00006606022,0.001467998,0.0002370604,0.04148063,0.9280233,0.0006403332,0.0001920248,0.01234194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001223123,0.002690654,0.06114181,0.00002228611,0.0001256008,0.0004400968,0.0004440424,0.1123665,0.8217424,0.0002592256,0.0005634939,0.00008165574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990699,0.0000579578,0.000321035,0.00001243151,0.000009801042,0.000002211818,0.00001646602,0.000019723,0.0004905701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997138,0.00003017183,0.00007047508,0.00000426858,0.000004143488,0.000001051145,0.00001505043,0.000005969332,0.0001549675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006866276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980073354","doi":"10.1007/s10494-015-9597-1","title":"Lagrangian Mixing Models for Turbulent Combustion: Review and Prospects","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Petrobras; Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Turbulence; Statistical physics; Combustion; Scalar (mathematics); Closure (psychology); Probability density function; Mechanics; Turbulent diffusion; Mathematical model; Monte Carlo method; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Chemistry; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"César Celis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luı́s Fernando Figueira da Silva","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02028618724593475,"gpt":0.2281984928804598,"spread":0.2079123056345251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00186971,0.001630289,0.003387241,0.001346078,0.0003293935,0.001585064,0.003732995,0.001823276,0.001523078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001903391,0.0007884484,0.001251221,0.0025503,0.001309909,0.0031655,0.001682215,0.002142601,0.001462795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007830865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001209268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001578205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001248653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996132,0.0001270877,0.00004067747,0.00007884968,0.0001133886,0.00002676286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988083,0.000703666,0.0001393024,0.00008679996,0.0002027431,0.00005915936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001863091,0.0002452215,0.0009947583,0.01214424,0.0002910983,0.0001282695,0.0001247169,0.05645436,0.003079345,0.07365236,0.01175215,0.8409472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001675326,0.0004394856,0.001089508,0.005582293,0.0005454687,0.000654938,0.0001475322,0.2527775,0.005137945,0.1375439,0.5956056,0.0003082569],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001413001,0.9440643,0.05073699,0.001158934,0.0005044364,0.00001536105,0.00006180876,0.0001386154,0.001906583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01575805,0.9558309,0.02479974,0.0003963913,0.001626089,0.00004858099,0.000178511,0.00007881487,0.001282896],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003732995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009888053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094981966","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9549-1","title":"Roughness Effects on Turbulent Flow Downstream of a Backward Facing Step","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"U.S. Naval Academy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sandpaper; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Surface finish; Materials science; Boundary layer; Law of the wall; Reynolds stress; Wake; Surface roughness; Geometry; Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Ebenezer E. Essel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark F. Tachie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004281175109493881,"gpt":0.182450362201374,"spread":0.1781691870918801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002285252,0.0002995647,0.0005748012,0.0005290091,0.0007173045,0.0008442297,0.0002539963,0.0006909838,0.002037096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001497367,0.0002707668,0.0005018086,0.0002822872,0.0006225903,0.0003798963,0.000418418,0.0006706323,0.0002357799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004502533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003658607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003417898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002307243,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997746,0.00003084753,0.00001031821,0.00002778005,0.00005843334,0.00009798836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989316,0.0006340233,0.00007869521,0.00005563285,0.0001713393,0.0001286979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008757026,0.001153952,0.02837198,0.0002939185,0.0001417403,0.003645679,0.0005887782,0.2381448,0.6883034,0.004362878,0.001492397,0.02474356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003088989,0.002431128,0.2109351,0.00005075544,0.0003132236,0.0005317545,0.0007759663,0.6328484,0.1495844,0.001123494,0.0008524847,0.0002444249],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972156,0.00009314805,0.001058919,0.00003973843,0.00003639314,0.000006631743,0.00002904626,0.00004565241,0.001474806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999438,0.00003136119,0.0001566444,0.000007301984,0.000006624121,0.000001341978,0.00002293703,0.000008094068,0.000327693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003417898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006814778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2268621850","doi":"10.1007/s10494-015-9700-7","title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Around a Finite-Height Wall-Mounted Square Cylinder Within a Thin Boundary Layer","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid","keywords":"Mechanics; Cylinder; Boundary layer; Turbulence; Wake; Potential flow around a circular cylinder; Reynolds number; Large eddy simulation; Physics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Eddy; Flow (mathematics); Flow separation; Wind tunnel; Turbulence modeling; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Saeedi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bing-Chen Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01359916332005217,"gpt":0.2414917308080282,"spread":0.2278925674879761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004191386,0.0004668463,0.0007962343,0.0003996883,0.001025017,0.0009616017,0.001022183,0.001398917,0.001318936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001471038,0.0003931573,0.0005058605,0.0003916085,0.001203728,0.0006612577,0.0006267208,0.0008665559,0.0001129975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001000728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001340001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03022823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01421884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998351,0.00004095081,0.00001185311,0.00002473689,0.00003651791,0.00005089038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990913,0.0004477385,0.00009446961,0.00005779974,0.0001106883,0.0001980762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003422192,0.0002593549,0.003565812,0.00003465784,0.00003606046,0.0002014235,0.00007450383,0.9874327,0.005290434,0.001233585,0.0002057234,0.001323646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003300153,0.00005601247,0.001077623,0.000002939305,0.000005099981,0.000007454958,0.00002635185,0.9980658,0.0005863491,0.0000863893,0.00004686117,0.000006116908],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908654,0.0000744862,0.005194888,0.0001373724,0.00003847753,0.00002500249,0.0001069133,0.0001083292,0.003449108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976029,0.00002241871,0.001584658,0.00002090469,0.000006078247,0.00001188851,0.00007447071,0.0000153349,0.00066144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03022823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06010455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937001726","doi":"10.1007/s10494-019-00023-1","title":"Effect of Nozzle Spacing on Turbulent Interaction of Low-Aspect-Ratio Twin Rectangular Jets","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Nozzle; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Shear stress; Shear (geology); Aspect ratio (aeronautics); Turbulence kinetic energy; Optics; Physics; Materials science; Geometry; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Ramin Naseri Oskouie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark F. Tachie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bing-Chen Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003534385351636969,"gpt":0.2078870898585049,"spread":0.2043527045068679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000395964,0.0002662188,0.0004457452,0.0003882344,0.0003691206,0.0008634495,0.0002728543,0.0002678054,0.001950901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001673244,0.000255377,0.0002068654,0.0002856143,0.0003372876,0.0003718027,0.0004048225,0.0002831382,0.0001724087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002728769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000285742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003845099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000433467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997113,0.00005848952,0.00002234485,0.00005311573,0.00007390138,0.00008086031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979955,0.00122155,0.0002957775,0.00007287409,0.0001871803,0.0002271881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004443738,0.0003058945,0.007657192,0.0001197146,0.00003884708,0.0008191623,0.0001670991,0.02624092,0.9501952,0.0005958464,0.0001388547,0.009277572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002048183,0.002315006,0.03677827,0.00002285788,0.0001531841,0.0004909219,0.0004369063,0.1192551,0.8393728,0.0002497668,0.0006435746,0.00007666343],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986126,0.0001159023,0.0006358039,0.000009025192,0.00001580471,0.000001832965,0.000009059038,0.00001842624,0.0005814146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996436,0.00002546103,0.0002066089,0.000003672444,0.00000401777,7.193324e-7,0.000008171609,0.000007982369,0.00009982048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001950901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006526351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080990163","doi":"10.1007/s10494-007-9091-5","title":"Simulations of Turbulent Flow in a Plane Asymmetric Diffuser","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bombardier (Canada)","funders":"Universität Stuttgart","keywords":"Reynolds number; Turbulence; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Diffuser (optics); Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Flow (mathematics); Flow separation; Open-channel flow; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Astrid H. Herbst","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philipp Schlatter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan S. Henningson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007011690870088557,"gpt":0.2064167321274175,"spread":0.1994050412573289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003571773,0.0005710361,0.0008812929,0.0005014887,0.0007709886,0.001053789,0.001069191,0.001817678,0.001745433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001453767,0.0004068763,0.0006161612,0.0006291979,0.001201446,0.000673521,0.0008376058,0.00110673,0.0002012556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001349038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009094948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01801217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00784127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997719,0.00004711943,0.000009806994,0.00003770939,0.00006430183,0.00006917612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992211,0.0003998077,0.00008454452,0.00005641636,0.00008921136,0.000148894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001716241,0.0001006597,0.001203142,0.00001456959,0.00001671866,0.0001086096,0.00004434824,0.9933693,0.00277216,0.001258356,0.0001086371,0.0008319012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005597843,0.00005534204,0.0004930614,0.000002246964,0.000005041043,0.00001300851,0.00002693642,0.9981605,0.0009041149,0.0001622512,0.000113442,0.000008030174],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888033,0.00009367649,0.004568198,0.0001893054,0.00002420843,0.00002409258,0.0001814022,0.0001191444,0.005996622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968934,0.00004886694,0.001816006,0.00002825544,0.000006407387,0.00001049532,0.0001122587,0.00002527018,0.001058939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01801217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03581464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765759387","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9866-2","title":"LES-based Study of the Roughness Effects on the Wake of a Circular Cylinder from Subcritical to Transcritical Reynolds Numbers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds number; Strouhal number; Mechanics; Boundary layer; Turbulence; Wake; Turbulence kinetic energy; Drag coefficient; Large eddy simulation; Physics; Drag; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"I. Rodríguez","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. Lehmkuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ugo Piomelli","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Chiva","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Borrell","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Oliva","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01417043816909677,"gpt":0.2341157584601711,"spread":0.2199453202910743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001788533,0.0004675317,0.0006858808,0.0005142725,0.0005098894,0.0007804344,0.0004687638,0.0007510154,0.001578653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000724134,0.0002031746,0.0004149875,0.0004464017,0.000551422,0.0005626072,0.000353687,0.0007644053,0.000198621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003630127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003349785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005304536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003857073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999089,0.0000153338,0.000005350929,0.00001407216,0.00003174564,0.00002459494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994681,0.0002549477,0.00004153311,0.00004756629,0.0001390217,0.00004878511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000974663,0.0008900818,0.01831313,0.0002856871,0.0001252612,0.001452938,0.0003510393,0.8204916,0.1352267,0.003263828,0.002299224,0.01632584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002450925,0.00007001658,0.008315417,0.000006706151,0.00000943914,0.00003935433,0.00006478582,0.9853745,0.005737347,0.0001369124,0.000202045,0.00001897015],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988795,0.0002022149,0.004343608,0.0001049997,0.00004618866,0.00002384323,0.000324622,0.0002859814,0.005873422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973001,0.00005625584,0.001577285,0.00001774252,0.00001476434,0.00001016509,0.0002289243,0.00002781814,0.0007669104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005304536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01054734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017693049","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9584-y","title":"The Lattice Boltzmann Method Implemented on the GPU to Simulate the Turbulent Flow Over a Square Cylinder Confined in a Channel","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lattice Boltzmann methods; Turbulence; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Open-channel flow; Flow (mathematics); Computational fluid dynamics; Simulation; Computer science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Yusuke Koda","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fue‐Sang Lien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01877414342633519,"gpt":0.2700147107391069,"spread":0.2512405673127717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002859696,0.0004235344,0.0006860142,0.0003683208,0.0008406718,0.0007726976,0.0009816637,0.001175286,0.002460818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001218958,0.0003532655,0.0004408598,0.0008237126,0.0004333044,0.0005321857,0.0005437806,0.001028012,0.0003003608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007928409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001856164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03592281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02061361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998578,0.00003731658,0.000006971917,0.00001465796,0.00005425188,0.00002902009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996496,0.0001289934,0.00001750344,0.00002902572,0.000120581,0.00005423609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009635418,0.0001168654,0.001976096,0.00006579821,0.00003408101,0.0001056033,0.00008551313,0.9739196,0.004778775,0.008050145,0.001444294,0.009326926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001023462,0.000006612395,0.0000711402,0.000002198582,0.00000164012,0.000005919336,0.000006588676,0.9989349,0.0004128813,0.0002571918,0.0002876511,0.000003030945],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5727183,0.0006648829,0.3887494,0.001071458,0.0006580913,0.0002787669,0.0009727587,0.00225654,0.03262975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8586053,0.0002298551,0.1336727,0.0001365363,0.00003360054,0.0002351523,0.0004276563,0.0002921595,0.006367005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03592281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0714274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2587769632","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9801-6","title":"Does Density Ratio Significantly Affect Turbulent Flame Speed?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Laminar flow; Laminar flame speed; Flame speed; Materials science; Combustor; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Flammability limit; Physics; Mechanics; Premixed flame; Thermodynamics; Ignition system; Chemistry; Combustion; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Andrei N. Lipatnikov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wenya Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Long Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"S.S. Shy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009441498620270912,"gpt":0.2190968755453981,"spread":0.2096553769251272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003349278,0.0003059317,0.0002541164,0.0002032343,0.0001531093,0.0004127218,0.0003094462,0.0002756683,0.001008249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001325636,0.00026189,0.0001658707,0.0001379358,0.0003353105,0.000467005,0.0002034714,0.0003197125,0.0002799012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002372366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001587614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007835945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007126905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997191,0.00003735577,0.00001919762,0.0000865973,0.00009085892,0.00004696611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996125,0.0001595284,0.00009472726,0.00002542598,0.00007263448,0.00003508079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001909722,0.00003721829,0.004444873,0.0001115897,0.00001789959,0.0001190495,0.00004730216,0.0007761787,0.9884875,0.0002754682,0.0000731391,0.005418665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001114512,0.0002684758,0.01471369,0.00001059804,0.00002832922,0.0001509173,0.00008135866,0.006121463,0.9777334,0.0001453134,0.000716326,0.00001902982],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918506,0.0008315407,0.00547196,0.0001223005,0.00005899457,0.00002576953,0.00007902322,0.00009277245,0.001467009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983231,0.0002396013,0.001056597,0.0000306701,0.000007535201,0.00000980079,0.00003950879,0.00001550716,0.0002776835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001008249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003372908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W50566634","doi":"10.1007/s10494-013-9518-0","title":"Thin Shear Layer Structures in High Reynolds Number Turbulence","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Eddy; Taylor microscale; Physics; Dissipation; Kolmogorov microscales; Mechanics; Shear (geology); Direct numerical simulation; Microscale chemistry; Geometry; Turbulence kinetic energy; Thermodynamics; Materials science; K-omega turbulence model; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"J. C. R. Hunt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takashi Ishihara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas A. Worth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yukio Kaneda","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005844750669729442,"gpt":0.1936870800656581,"spread":0.1878423293959286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002334544,0.0005461859,0.0004377676,0.0009583529,0.0007441006,0.002003842,0.0004658681,0.0008288737,0.001340755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001197462,0.0005710546,0.0001803802,0.0003304629,0.00155261,0.001369221,0.0009395647,0.000862565,0.0002665991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000336852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002471553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007366851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006440575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999063,0.00001906302,0.00000655998,0.00001394236,0.00002597689,0.00002808579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995295,0.0001085678,0.0001375909,0.00004369294,0.00007530444,0.0001053694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001767696,0.0005567643,0.01727771,0.000470882,0.0001501072,0.004362674,0.001270678,0.2213547,0.1876819,0.5154395,0.006372812,0.04329463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002871583,0.0003786892,0.03630843,0.0001366746,0.0000921333,0.001394107,0.0008470314,0.6542497,0.02729599,0.27496,0.003858895,0.0001912401],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.946075,0.003158753,0.03404256,0.0004184677,0.0002578365,0.0000491449,0.000129625,0.0003174724,0.01555117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948269,0.0003854949,0.001943587,0.00005780883,0.00008062954,0.000008725322,0.00005557136,0.0000290417,0.002612412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002003842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00448525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082383203","doi":"10.1007/s10494-020-00213-2","title":"Numerical Study of the Aerodynamic Performance of a Train with a Crosswind for Different Embankment Heights","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"","keywords":"Crosswind; Levee; Aerodynamics; Detached eddy simulation; Lift (data mining); Drag; Wake; Geotechnical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Geology; Aerodynamic force; Engineering; Marine engineering; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Xianli Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guang Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Siniša Krajnović","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01110508047923613,"gpt":0.2055715127329174,"spread":0.1944664322536813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002225767,0.0004349967,0.0005645701,0.0005678372,0.0009859899,0.0005911976,0.0005260798,0.001058655,0.003515395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007303227,0.000260727,0.0006829968,0.0004977491,0.0007273833,0.0003746031,0.0004702752,0.0005829072,0.0002121999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004953109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005332609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01828732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009389002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998978,0.00001630959,0.000006154175,0.00001603452,0.00002200371,0.00004151706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995393,0.0001850818,0.00004182632,0.00004203489,0.00009041216,0.0001014192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005351764,0.0004283911,0.0109128,0.00009021762,0.00008121959,0.0006255856,0.0001766045,0.9466005,0.03280705,0.0009817412,0.0006571517,0.006103528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004516713,0.0003023332,0.01223571,0.000009891998,0.00002769817,0.00006619652,0.000153226,0.9825215,0.004246318,0.0001153444,0.0002507922,0.00002595692],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945166,0.00004466706,0.001560366,0.0000625001,0.0000205077,0.0000123032,0.000108995,0.00006140111,0.003612619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998309,0.0000236733,0.000601278,0.000008012717,0.000003989292,0.000007047165,0.00009086108,0.000007691262,0.0009484168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01828732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03636175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955194048","doi":"10.1007/s10494-019-00047-7","title":"Effects of Nozzle Geometry on Turbulent Characteristics and Structure of Surface Attaching Jets","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Particle image velocimetry; Geometry; Jet (fluid); Vorticity; Materials science; Optics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Physics; Vortex; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad S. Rahman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Godwin F.K. Tay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark F. Tachie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002664716481152895,"gpt":0.1842991302447306,"spread":0.1816344137635777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002818946,0.0003217987,0.0003467721,0.0003151174,0.0002381349,0.0008628606,0.0002586776,0.0003468019,0.001792159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001885742,0.0002794762,0.0002244185,0.0002919401,0.0004522676,0.0003202067,0.0002972338,0.0002525053,0.0002597338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003190277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001542192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007638803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007896876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997843,0.00005571614,0.00001535706,0.00004258684,0.00005373413,0.00004826605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983442,0.001062512,0.0002546586,0.0001002488,0.0001244038,0.0001140042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001909801,0.0001618903,0.01690918,0.00009324501,0.00003773757,0.0008030864,0.0001500575,0.03520443,0.9350666,0.0003919436,0.0001264761,0.009145541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001332198,0.002518616,0.2378116,0.00002435355,0.0001897908,0.0007449671,0.0003829317,0.07747272,0.6794924,0.000350165,0.0007820979,0.00009723424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987727,0.0001002466,0.0005856859,0.000006925288,0.000006642642,0.000002804182,0.00002644432,0.00001890898,0.0004796509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996583,0.0000352051,0.0001313795,0.000004533867,0.000002218513,8.481617e-7,0.0000221719,0.00001332462,0.0001319294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001792159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005995393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161490908","doi":"10.1007/s10494-020-00148-8","title":"Effect of Pressure on Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission","keywords":"Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Particle image velocimetry; Jet (fluid); Chemistry; Bar (unit); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Hydrogen; Volume (thermodynamics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Penetration (warfare); Mechanics; Materials science; Laser; Thermodynamics; Turbulence; Laser-induced fluorescence; Chromatography; Optics; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Pankaj Saini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ianko Chterev","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jhon Pareja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manfred Aigner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isaac Boxx","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004226158047608017,"gpt":0.200959409144585,"spread":0.196733251096977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002732635,0.0003838761,0.0003361143,0.0002200228,0.0003757195,0.0003855845,0.0002394326,0.0002888333,0.000836209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005792869,0.000233651,0.00024286,0.0001284147,0.0004046049,0.0004474579,0.0005386909,0.0003957398,0.00008583482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003717602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002332301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001581847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00109301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998028,0.00002501765,0.000007902722,0.00004200213,0.00007533078,0.00004704253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995934,0.0001495187,0.000114923,0.00002213941,0.00006450389,0.00005561336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006605293,0.00004109767,0.001221987,0.0000300552,0.000008776038,0.000117708,0.0000703387,0.0004097901,0.995914,0.00003341485,0.00001360191,0.001478572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002164862,0.000970796,0.01698973,0.000005118632,0.00001440941,0.00006017493,0.00006351662,0.003276107,0.9783841,0.00002411534,0.0001799762,0.00001009062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999363,0.00008592629,0.0003763504,0.000006809666,0.000003354859,0.000003887524,0.00002297905,0.0000215595,0.0001161992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991269,0.00009532979,0.0005504509,0.000008267333,0.000004539324,0.000005988937,0.0000423211,0.00000714835,0.0001590893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001581847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003145278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600793990","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9806-1","title":"Effect of Nozzle Exit Turbulence on the Column Trajectory and Breakup Location of a Transverse Liquid Jet in a Gaseous Flow","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Breakup; Nozzle; Turbulence; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Discharge coefficient; Transverse plane; Particle image velocimetry; Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Mohsen Broumand","is_ca":true},{"name":"G.A. Rigby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006492251643603252,"gpt":0.2106255901815539,"spread":0.2041333385379507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000255873,0.0002302216,0.0002399054,0.000288987,0.0003599768,0.0007305249,0.0001773551,0.0002629927,0.001428144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001089751,0.0001847588,0.0002306452,0.000205784,0.0004279034,0.0003446524,0.0002951149,0.0003412144,0.0001184918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004867685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003602494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005029409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003155521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999079,0.0000159521,0.000006719105,0.00001921,0.00001699581,0.00003326844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991806,0.0004495253,0.0001222728,0.00003057639,0.00009633523,0.0001205699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01012212,0.0004990525,0.05569348,0.0001587927,0.0001013539,0.002766125,0.0004379099,0.1482671,0.7613509,0.001079689,0.0005600931,0.01896333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002293486,0.003019184,0.2240133,0.00003965262,0.0001717827,0.0004455291,0.000669788,0.3932361,0.3772109,0.0002121057,0.000614387,0.0001380203],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998331,0.00005487016,0.0009797808,0.00002072054,0.000008943676,0.000002997374,0.00004239508,0.00003646312,0.0005227792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995984,0.00002307832,0.0001535562,0.000004004369,0.00000158948,8.669119e-7,0.00003138076,0.0000083626,0.0001787021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005029409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01000029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060881062","doi":"10.1023/b:appl.0000014932.28421.9e","title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Transition to Turbulence in the Transonic Flow around a Wing","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Transonic; Reynolds number; Physics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Mach number; Vorticity; Trailing edge; Vortex; Swept wing; Instability; Leading edge; Shock (circulatory); Direct numerical simulation; Classical mechanics; Aerodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Sébastien Bourdet","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Bouhadji","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marianna Braza","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Thiele","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008485765987515959,"gpt":0.2036675682019777,"spread":0.1951818022144618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002222887,0.0003709493,0.0006364523,0.0003379988,0.0007529219,0.001081863,0.0008187796,0.00122922,0.002936696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014117,0.0003387016,0.0004446548,0.0003525897,0.001218279,0.0005242699,0.0008668925,0.0009523628,0.0002206684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008377439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009184399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01826416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01151461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998816,0.00002310151,0.000005326151,0.00001413596,0.00004421411,0.00003151287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993657,0.0003329777,0.00006043859,0.00004973245,0.00008154701,0.0001095447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003921863,0.0002419557,0.003477565,0.00006621227,0.00003082106,0.0003196961,0.000212266,0.9813429,0.004949807,0.003941406,0.0004780806,0.004547092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006666856,0.00006673192,0.0008534683,0.000004384367,0.000004676807,0.00003102565,0.00003333239,0.9975778,0.0007914891,0.0003491892,0.0002126078,0.000008653076],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638302,0.0001851992,0.01737726,0.0002829274,0.00007870033,0.00007103685,0.0002684052,0.0002675126,0.01763868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947461,0.00005597789,0.003167227,0.00004254043,0.000011064,0.0000274592,0.0000892428,0.00002987737,0.001830571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01826416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03631574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2340392777","doi":"10.1007/s10494-016-9727-4","title":"Rayleigh Index Fields in Helically Perturbed Swirl-Stabilized Flames Using Doubly Phase Conditioned OH* Chemiluminescence Tomography","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chemiluminescence; Phase (matter); Index (typography); Rayleigh scattering; Materials science; Tomography; Mechanics; Physics; Chemistry; Optics; Chromatography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Benjamin D. Geraedts","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christoph M. Arndt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam M. Steinberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009288652920391317,"gpt":0.2283478587493477,"spread":0.2190592058289564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004074927,0.0005382777,0.0003527692,0.0005882843,0.0003618949,0.0008978354,0.0005531128,0.000436538,0.0008430109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009969476,0.0002895857,0.0001826283,0.0004096575,0.001541615,0.001016025,0.0007735493,0.0006007808,0.00008553798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006317168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005105016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002137206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001407483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998436,0.00005578947,0.000005249266,0.00002367923,0.00004393439,0.00002764169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995468,0.0001583631,0.0001137455,0.00003604285,0.00007076817,0.00007414552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004063341,0.0005787318,0.01347295,0.0001660174,0.00008134164,0.001166294,0.0006811126,0.2606173,0.6761363,0.02396764,0.001195107,0.01787397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001456862,0.000122139,0.005517237,0.00001130731,0.00001135231,0.0000758164,0.000091232,0.9182103,0.07388312,0.001631051,0.000243748,0.000056981],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773876,0.0001460169,0.01932693,0.0002221914,0.00002336825,0.00003330833,0.0001115743,0.0002504798,0.002498387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946699,0.00005345517,0.004618472,0.00001980208,0.000009631291,0.00001340165,0.00005714479,0.0000367303,0.00052151],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002137206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004583478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2732694967","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9833-y","title":"A DNS Study of Closure Relations for Convection Flux Term in Transport Equation for Mean Reaction Rate in Turbulent Flow","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office National d'études et de Recherches Aérospatiales; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Closure (psychology); Physics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Andrei N. Lipatnikov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vladimir Sabelnikov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nilanjan Chakraborty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shinnosuke Nishiki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatsuya Hasegawa","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0216526887268413,"gpt":0.2493459196227246,"spread":0.2276932308958833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001007296,0.0006940343,0.0004734006,0.0005588676,0.0003158221,0.0007432533,0.000593457,0.0007989625,0.0004245721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002660193,0.0001770435,0.000624492,0.0002924036,0.0004876923,0.0007648439,0.0003067199,0.000693245,0.0001033637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007359308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006433664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008860674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003658631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997708,0.00006574457,0.00002052174,0.00005448852,0.00005596728,0.0000324182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989772,0.0005260019,0.0001759915,0.00007697266,0.0001976074,0.00004623187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002160944,0.0001901417,0.01968232,0.0003493264,0.00006837427,0.0007550222,0.0002015776,0.8785864,0.05261573,0.02875611,0.001696943,0.01688193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003639277,0.00001096455,0.0009103606,0.000007351227,0.000002622868,0.00001951465,0.000009248288,0.996282,0.002086091,0.0004091674,0.0002522208,0.000006732272],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8095141,0.001791238,0.1791575,0.0003825536,0.0002273063,0.0001448641,0.001289089,0.0003677977,0.007125564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974834,0.0003288256,0.02274687,0.00003669147,0.00003781638,0.00006256464,0.0007150994,0.00008421411,0.001154049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008860674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01761818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755012422","doi":"10.1007/s10494-017-9841-y","title":"Bluff-body Thermal Property and Initial State Effects on a Laminar Premixed Flame Anchoring Pattern","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Bluff; Turbulence; Mechanics; Context (archaeology); Flow (mathematics); Mixing (physics); Coupling (piping); Heat transfer; Work (physics); Computer science; Materials science; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Sandrine Berger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Florent Duchaine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Gicquel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008183239333130263,"gpt":0.2166844568505482,"spread":0.208501217517418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000285525,0.0003144458,0.0003269067,0.0004808783,0.0005554656,0.0008025924,0.0003933571,0.0003495469,0.003974046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001915579,0.0002128859,0.000227907,0.0002859625,0.0009041111,0.0005059753,0.0004640286,0.0003586745,0.0003899907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005111761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003223894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002230392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001153068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998902,0.0000221792,0.00000341835,0.00002029103,0.00002070942,0.00004310554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991286,0.0004219316,0.0001127609,0.00007868874,0.0001291012,0.0001288239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004287062,0.0005027995,0.01243937,0.0001147568,0.00003657433,0.001829742,0.0005587133,0.2807706,0.6576039,0.01980768,0.001027352,0.02102145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001225293,0.0004887056,0.02435102,0.00002094438,0.00005491378,0.0002878055,0.0002672056,0.7625871,0.2082754,0.003039112,0.0004224396,0.00008275885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924183,0.00003251062,0.004052648,0.00003691557,0.000008961967,0.00000680564,0.00003036737,0.0000998093,0.003313772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992648,0.000009806601,0.0001716707,0.000002885685,0.000001414654,0.000001441842,0.00001372406,0.00001964616,0.0005145798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003974046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01329452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910230012","doi":"10.1007/s10494-018-9995-2","title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Response of a Swirled Flame to Flow Modulations in a Non-Adiabatic Combustor","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Mechanics; Combustor; Combustion; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Large eddy simulation; Flame structure; Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Premixed flame; Diffusion flame; Adiabatic process; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Optics; Laser; Laser-induced fluorescence","authors":[{"name":"Adrien Chatelier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thibault F. Guiberti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Renaud Mercier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Bertier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benoît Fiorina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thierry Schuller","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005089162878104575,"gpt":0.1970118255062612,"spread":0.1919226626281566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003873341,0.0002959108,0.0004052194,0.0002351955,0.0007543158,0.000357715,0.0007115348,0.0005636098,0.00200725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001287869,0.0002547342,0.0002741333,0.0002346342,0.001053035,0.000371243,0.0004132842,0.0004601548,0.0001464053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003152154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002473019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002023555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001321037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997733,0.00004254684,0.00001399921,0.00003966448,0.00008596681,0.00004463486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992473,0.000352838,0.0000740518,0.0001169558,0.000147609,0.00006129492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002463237,0.0004531069,0.002231764,0.0001342575,0.00002129467,0.0002971216,0.0003029651,0.009075077,0.9815354,0.0003808982,0.0001042068,0.003000666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003043869,0.0038859,0.0213102,0.00001633419,0.00003628197,0.000339572,0.0002928693,0.08673573,0.886169,0.0002059677,0.0006437225,0.00006004209],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985276,0.0000399089,0.0007247485,0.00001756631,0.000009229017,0.00001225798,0.00004886813,0.00002934504,0.0005904474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986867,0.0000326531,0.0008032823,0.00000790683,0.000004120027,0.00000895546,0.00003907952,0.000008951259,0.0004082512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002023555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00671488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170923009","doi":"10.1007/s10494-013-9476-6","title":"Mean Flow and Turbulence Measurements in a Turbulent Free Cruciform Jet","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Body orifice; Turbulence; Mechanics; Physics; Jet (fluid); Reynolds number; Turbulence kinetic energy; Vorticity; Strouhal number; Vortex; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"W. R. Quinn","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. A. K. Azad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01149227092374638,"gpt":0.1954106537947666,"spread":0.1839183828710202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003757139,0.0003025855,0.000648767,0.0007640546,0.0009746816,0.0008392832,0.0005185053,0.0006051917,0.0006359199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001257049,0.0002892464,0.000294712,0.0004430125,0.0009136952,0.0005282633,0.0005849344,0.0006527163,0.0001133717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005007996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003634218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00359577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002458876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996265,0.00003108062,0.00002084381,0.00008356907,0.0001618668,0.00007609514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994079,0.0002076504,0.00007530728,0.00004812069,0.0001413259,0.0001197785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003799149,0.0003001749,0.03046086,0.00004456089,0.0000438217,0.0006830994,0.001005737,0.004778088,0.9478668,0.0005595916,0.0001736451,0.01028446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004622153,0.003071781,0.4733871,0.000028324,0.0001582313,0.001024513,0.001091574,0.0752653,0.4434119,0.0005340225,0.001305091,0.0002600242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986965,0.00002242014,0.0008239913,0.00001199457,0.000009556524,0.000003840465,0.00005816112,0.00002978525,0.0003437079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993862,0.00001240512,0.0003289017,0.000006518754,0.000006239405,0.000003777179,0.0000719231,0.000008883091,0.0001752288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00359577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007149696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2785404896","doi":"10.1007/s10494-018-9965-8","title":"Modeling of Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Kerosene/Air Spray Flame used for Aeronautical Fire Resistance Tests","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Combustor; Kerosene; Heat transfer; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat flux; Convective heat transfer; Combustion; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"L. Boulet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Bénard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ghislain Lartigue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Moureau","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Didorally","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Chauvet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florent Duchaine","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01131146193548186,"gpt":0.2239391305293145,"spread":0.2126276685938326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000342185,0.0005266309,0.0005827056,0.0003674137,0.0007747588,0.0007388988,0.0006309662,0.0008644974,0.001264662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007547569,0.0002670962,0.0006397622,0.0002208202,0.0008146329,0.000698712,0.0004612139,0.0005594472,0.0001268035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009655497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009627815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01611764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004915933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998924,0.00002644467,0.000005779075,0.00001890943,0.00003466999,0.00002191906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997049,0.0001748645,0.00002479469,0.00001978129,0.00005192323,0.00002362418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004039716,0.0001479066,0.003044242,0.0000593962,0.00001995106,0.0002274658,0.000139048,0.9408324,0.04818739,0.003160771,0.0001374856,0.003639796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001871338,0.00004364345,0.0005236825,0.000001416335,0.00000406086,0.00001140009,0.00001160598,0.9907675,0.008429722,0.0001168106,0.00006521412,0.000006157035],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641751,0.0001001886,0.03042321,0.00009763491,0.00002984278,0.00006266651,0.00007958681,0.0001844627,0.004847277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974086,0.00003043334,0.001434649,0.00000580201,0.000002699928,0.00001271389,0.00001712906,0.00001837361,0.001069629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01611764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03204763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2324085006","doi":"10.1007/s10494-015-9696-z","title":"RANS Simulations of a Series of Turbulent V-Shaped Flames using Conditional Source-term Estimation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Turbulence; Scalar (mathematics); Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Premixed flame; Series (stratigraphy); Statistical physics; Mathematics; Combustion; Applied mathematics; Physics; Chemistry; Geometry; Combustor; Geology","authors":[{"name":"D. Dovizio","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Debbagh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cécile Devaud","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01091490114562253,"gpt":0.2179982627420339,"spread":0.2070833615964114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006163985,0.0007695517,0.0006646728,0.0006581621,0.001083704,0.000909471,0.001243442,0.001662922,0.001902135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00232066,0.0005238281,0.001000026,0.0007658417,0.0009815295,0.0007522223,0.0007510912,0.001248435,0.0002280026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001201461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001407859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03746438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02344629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997795,0.00004037032,0.00001784857,0.00004212687,0.00005805902,0.00006211465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989146,0.0004562499,0.0001404097,0.00009683454,0.0002560662,0.0001358587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001535736,0.00008956439,0.002120232,0.00001986382,0.00002391574,0.00008658985,0.00004745759,0.9918643,0.001234407,0.001992749,0.0004340498,0.001933386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000750661,0.000009961366,0.0002756497,0.000001947835,0.000001921759,0.000004894567,0.000011318,0.9992182,0.0003134675,0.0001062542,0.00004457228,0.000004244949],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9625309,0.0002101589,0.02851387,0.0002857348,0.0001496318,0.00005025898,0.0009876769,0.0005838531,0.006687857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879938,0.00005139593,0.01002611,0.00003844484,0.00001210429,0.0000222926,0.0006625997,0.00006595053,0.001127202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03746438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07449263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982617988","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9537-5","title":"Liftoff of a Co-Flowing Non-Premixed Turbulent Methane Flame: Effect of the Fuel Nozzle Orifice Geometry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Manitoba Hydro","keywords":"Nozzle; Body orifice; Mechanics; Turbulence; Jet (fluid); Discharge coefficient; Materials science; Airflow; Chemistry; Geometry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Mohsen Akbarzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003620646921092742,"gpt":0.2009698073439616,"spread":0.1973491604228688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002086474,0.0004132783,0.0006333225,0.0004948727,0.001205435,0.0008113582,0.0004193192,0.000573615,0.003020939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008812455,0.0002294258,0.0004501576,0.0001690132,0.0005819028,0.0004020653,0.000674416,0.0005878045,0.0002064057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000642125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006066369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007739598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004208218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998851,0.00001467994,0.000004301778,0.0000129011,0.00003428472,0.00004868502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994891,0.0002222623,0.00005105143,0.00002481498,0.00006329697,0.0001495382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01570501,0.0008163705,0.01471079,0.000338,0.00009878249,0.007015812,0.0007370779,0.1757101,0.7575897,0.006217301,0.001621755,0.01943924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003267596,0.001923356,0.0227447,0.00003409306,0.00004121552,0.0004745529,0.0004684728,0.7848225,0.1876775,0.0008650518,0.0005156851,0.0001061956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968394,0.00004453513,0.0009547532,0.00006383581,0.00002490751,0.000008816741,0.00004229845,0.00008015842,0.001941275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999196,0.00001355932,0.0001677046,0.000006287786,0.000003067159,0.000001640245,0.00002492961,0.000009964451,0.0005768718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007739598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01538908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970110259","doi":"10.1007/s10494-019-00062-8","title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow in a Circular Pipe Subjected to Radial System Rotation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid","keywords":"Mechanics; Physics; Turbulence; Rotation (mathematics); Reynolds number; Vortex; Classical mechanics; Rotation number; Pipe flow; Boundary layer; Taylor number; Secondary flow; Taylor–Couette flow; Flow (mathematics); Centrifugal force; Rotational speed; Geometry; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Zhaoping Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bing-Chen Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005108318934740794,"gpt":0.1935910307739784,"spread":0.1884827118392376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002636161,0.000469046,0.0007724554,0.00044321,0.0006905846,0.0007890904,0.0006807188,0.001191972,0.002146579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001393056,0.0003779008,0.0004696258,0.0004654233,0.001280975,0.0003723978,0.0007117015,0.0005251126,0.0001799454],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007041882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009787705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01290607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005004704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998401,0.00003974988,0.000007223074,0.00002371926,0.0000460339,0.00004313969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993315,0.0003696745,0.0000885632,0.00005008944,0.00008847659,0.00007179965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002600119,0.00009765336,0.001634854,0.00005142228,0.00001484883,0.0002360992,0.00008728241,0.9892952,0.004521667,0.001712505,0.0001894951,0.001898975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002530911,0.00008136367,0.0005837538,0.000004072749,0.000004926057,0.00001885518,0.00002459986,0.9980264,0.00100374,0.0001107815,0.0001099305,0.000006225338],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9678968,0.0001749545,0.01714312,0.0002069339,0.00007700946,0.00005408014,0.0001753691,0.000262933,0.01400876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965851,0.00004467813,0.001884418,0.00001549739,0.000006477031,0.00001639868,0.00003635169,0.00001889671,0.001392029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01290607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02566189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291281600","doi":"10.1007/s10494-022-00343-9","title":"Dissipation Rate Estimation in a Highly Turbulent Isotropic Flow Using 2D-PIV","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; Particle image velocimetry; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Turbulence kinetic energy; Isotropy; Dissipation; Kinetic energy; Direct numerical simulation; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Optics; Reynolds number","authors":[{"name":"Cameron Verwey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008880213128660127,"gpt":0.2088836189789637,"spread":0.2000034058503036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003574915,0.0004556604,0.0005286366,0.0007752953,0.0003007356,0.0009048092,0.0004266292,0.0005147981,0.0005411642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008044131,0.0003670307,0.0003481687,0.0004751323,0.0003503602,0.0006148287,0.0006232173,0.0003388142,0.0002010751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002607042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004414221,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002078062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00184159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998111,0.00002680714,0.00001135194,0.00003640583,0.00007218923,0.00004211455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997541,0.00008692261,0.00003338218,0.00003741862,0.00006024973,0.00002785831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001204007,0.0004445887,0.03570033,0.0003249072,0.0001175781,0.0008397022,0.0003813393,0.4972859,0.3016535,0.005233063,0.001468366,0.1553466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001440371,0.00005143912,0.008154947,0.000005473747,0.000007410282,0.00005911196,0.00002512881,0.9757784,0.01537575,0.0002879092,0.0002168566,0.000023259],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7308965,0.000246547,0.2643021,0.00008376987,0.00005790618,0.00005962091,0.000272226,0.0006896195,0.003391693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9667822,0.00006458276,0.03247531,0.00001285441,0.000008384274,0.00001309124,0.0001358653,0.00002919191,0.000478456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002078062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004131913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375861312","doi":"10.1007/s10494-023-00424-3","title":"Dynamic Mode Decomposition for the Comparison of Engine In-Cylinder Flow Fields from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Dynamic similarity; Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Physics; Mathematics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Samuel W. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaohang Fang","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Willman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason P. Fernandes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felix Leach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Davy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233060405102207,"gpt":0.2947927800751483,"spread":0.2824621760241262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001218654,0.00060781,0.0003192812,0.001124831,0.0002151194,0.000743164,0.0003748017,0.0004711823,0.001351777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002837932,0.0001672711,0.00048335,0.00065776,0.0001958212,0.0005569694,0.0004757151,0.0006057841,0.0003844209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002493861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006265667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00389602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001993586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997481,0.00006205178,0.00002042314,0.00004073466,0.00010201,0.00002673325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991906,0.000406385,0.0001041464,0.00006464647,0.0001918763,0.00004239846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006561872,0.00039834,0.01543339,0.0005106867,0.0001037398,0.0002293017,0.0004278017,0.6673145,0.05731382,0.007160216,0.003368584,0.2470834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004889549,0.00004243807,0.00430809,0.00001211617,0.000004537784,0.00001684435,0.00003580391,0.9914237,0.003116448,0.0004481888,0.0005744673,0.00001250726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.399648,0.0004097068,0.5940123,0.0001544888,0.0001093339,0.0001954686,0.001098067,0.001636359,0.002736174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8641062,0.0002045689,0.1326816,0.00003199117,0.00002289149,0.0001793939,0.001691419,0.0002271994,0.0008548085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00389602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007746696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024858314","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9589-6","title":"An Experimental Study of Turbulent Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Concentric Annuli using Particle Image Velocimetry Technique","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Reynolds stress; Newtonian fluid; Physics; Non-Newtonian fluid; Vorticity; Materials science; Vortex","authors":[{"name":"Majid Bizhani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fabio Ernesto Rodriguez Corredor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ergün Kuru","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008960510509722323,"gpt":0.2522543264402003,"spread":0.243293815930478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003954613,0.000287918,0.0003104246,0.0002221745,0.0005972596,0.0003245463,0.0004251968,0.0004161976,0.0005930298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005695701,0.0002561246,0.0001675417,0.0002843149,0.0006926219,0.0004680239,0.0003252497,0.0003325047,0.0001195907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003028767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003529857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009437253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005859098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997708,0.00003082676,0.00001130248,0.00006403611,0.00008112094,0.00004179222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995269,0.0001538202,0.0001018831,0.00008518421,0.00008783839,0.00004447444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001233578,0.0001407515,0.001138814,0.00002643626,0.000003057118,0.0000675067,0.0001199619,0.00130558,0.9941742,0.0006871482,0.00003077714,0.00218238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002223174,0.0008921499,0.01246768,0.000006668649,0.00001244127,0.0002350484,0.0001120149,0.02187977,0.9632304,0.0001834424,0.0009347468,0.00002337636],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941754,0.0001173135,0.004823717,0.00001131455,0.000008004943,0.0000114107,0.00002527664,0.00002334058,0.0008040871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937885,0.00009547058,0.005288196,0.000004556127,0.000004345241,0.00001062192,0.00003513211,0.000008713091,0.0007643253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009437253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002197564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112660203","doi":"10.1007/s10494-008-9133-7","title":"Mixing Measurements in a Supersonic Expansion-Ramp Combustor","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Freestream; Supersonic speed; Mechanics; Combustor; Mixing (physics); Nozzle; Materials science; Turbulence; Choked flow; Chemistry; Mach number; Thermodynamics; Combustion; Reynolds number; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Aristides M. Bonanos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey M. Bergthorson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul E. Dimotakis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02309150951058474,"gpt":0.2036579067193483,"spread":0.1805663972087636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000336927,0.0004583531,0.0006183547,0.000512755,0.001040372,0.0005220041,0.0005477131,0.0006581785,0.000983925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005791829,0.0003616628,0.0003004038,0.0002675693,0.0004641827,0.0005705033,0.0006680185,0.0008613659,0.0001979729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003039377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002843967,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001422814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001247511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997293,0.00003193623,0.00001649286,0.00004963472,0.000119433,0.00005326984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999692,0.0001044255,0.00004322752,0.00002177043,0.00007021037,0.00006846351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002125002,0.0001918004,0.007719878,0.00003620648,0.00002545494,0.0002473066,0.0002856418,0.001516951,0.9821036,0.000182915,0.00008188427,0.005483381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002303334,0.002187602,0.06882673,0.00001333203,0.00007338282,0.0003383796,0.000277348,0.03963675,0.8875379,0.0001364662,0.000686115,0.00005560673],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981558,0.00003765435,0.001067128,0.0000203032,0.000009445296,0.00001148534,0.00003825918,0.00006244278,0.0005976114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998921,0.00001740333,0.0006465823,0.000009025853,0.00000536724,0.000006588195,0.00004450861,0.00001235239,0.000337103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001422814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003291547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073897139","doi":"10.1007/s10494-008-9196-5","title":"Development of an Analytical β-Function PDF Integration Algorithm for Simulation of Non-premixed Turbulent Combustion","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Laminar flow; Combustion; Numerical integration; Piecewise; Function (biology); Computer simulation; Computational fluid dynamics; Algorithm; Probability density function; Computer science; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Simulation; Physics; Chemistry; Mathematical analysis; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Fue‐Sang Lien","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. H. Chui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cameron John McCartney","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01229026178109968,"gpt":0.2476846704657424,"spread":0.2353944086846427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008178417,0.0005193061,0.0005340661,0.0004431965,0.0005777723,0.0008712703,0.001895525,0.0009530894,0.002761249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002635908,0.0004380314,0.0004103622,0.0004601122,0.0003818861,0.0007924745,0.0006768813,0.0009488369,0.0007725187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007013034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001782033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006075293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003917846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997718,0.00004142786,0.00001549661,0.00002389865,0.0001213597,0.00002606165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991911,0.0002501471,0.0000492089,0.00007039686,0.0003874842,0.00005172337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007780614,0.0001401239,0.001012343,0.00005914107,0.00003702969,0.00009970795,0.00008037587,0.8910487,0.008888342,0.01651127,0.001143689,0.08090141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006313932,0.00000593521,0.00003395795,0.000002106394,0.000001306035,0.000006379227,0.000002383457,0.9981999,0.000954346,0.0004118312,0.000373214,0.000002302693],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0128076,0.00005805504,0.9834031,0.00006199429,0.00004857447,0.00006863329,0.00003745974,0.0009825887,0.002531888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2166758,0.000114497,0.7795803,0.00008694581,0.00002834622,0.0001914105,0.0001315249,0.0004005865,0.002790615],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006075293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01207983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007731529","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9554-4","title":"Linear-Eddy Model Formulated Probability Density Function and Scalar Dissipation Rate Models for Premixed Combustion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Probability density function; Turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Direct numerical simulation; Scalar (mathematics); Laminar flow; Mechanics; Combustion; Statistical physics; Combustor; Premixed flame; Physics; Mathematics; Chemistry; Reynolds number; Statistics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Hong Pak Tsui","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. Kendal Bushe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01348080184927984,"gpt":0.204095289048816,"spread":0.1906144871995361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008409799,0.0007598085,0.001018374,0.0005378015,0.0004987289,0.001451052,0.001780305,0.001515194,0.001221967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002043795,0.000473946,0.0008589919,0.0005845212,0.0009506906,0.001958992,0.0009105483,0.001303325,0.0003394799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001335582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001088146,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01078862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005644785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996935,0.0001192978,0.00001900725,0.00004959197,0.00008460911,0.00003408975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992742,0.0003307183,0.00009869626,0.000059906,0.0001956302,0.00004081075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002820946,0.00004771398,0.0003111883,0.00004015193,0.00002057181,0.00004313272,0.00003968945,0.932829,0.001426127,0.06193381,0.0005396526,0.002740828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001204476,0.00000214316,0.00004229541,6.972415e-7,0.000001483034,0.000002602321,0.00000130304,0.9974096,0.00007161545,0.00240322,0.00006089812,0.000002827035],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05635439,0.001285654,0.930864,0.0004211925,0.0002120026,0.00006530309,0.0002460169,0.0002829127,0.01026858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9381621,0.0007172474,0.0372338,0.0001470741,0.0001720338,0.0001363802,0.0002986213,0.0001850084,0.02294775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01078862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02145165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091370706","doi":"10.1007/s10494-015-9601-9","title":"Hydrocarbon Droplet Turbulent Combustion in an Elevated Pressure Environment","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Combustion; Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Heptane; Volume (thermodynamics); Isotropy; Plume; Decane; Intensity (physics); Chemistry; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics; Optics; Mineralogy; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen L. Toth","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01232734521952285,"gpt":0.2031678451893203,"spread":0.1908404999697974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001091105,0.0001839573,0.000348174,0.0002693908,0.0005542443,0.0007379769,0.0002577144,0.0002989994,0.001137875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003232444,0.0001238358,0.0001753883,0.0002254226,0.0006120495,0.0006727935,0.0004933834,0.0005087902,0.0001293399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004889423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004107739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005083183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002439228,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998749,0.00001226238,0.000005668183,0.00002403281,0.00005030482,0.00003277117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998872,0.00003498718,0.00001526683,0.000006781487,0.00002312348,0.00003257005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002547273,0.0006123935,0.01306209,0.0001234433,0.00004785351,0.002841264,0.0003035985,0.07920975,0.882516,0.009193024,0.0006341722,0.00890913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002372105,0.0009388318,0.02853801,0.000008482301,0.00003697903,0.0004525996,0.0005622295,0.6388972,0.3269977,0.00227594,0.0009594289,0.00009533513],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972892,0.00005145126,0.001157102,0.00005985055,0.00001455662,0.000006512344,0.00004096614,0.00002169376,0.001358926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990095,0.00003982981,0.0002767654,0.000005950354,0.000008167275,0.00000203426,0.00003420511,0.000004949179,0.0006185271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005083183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01010716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015942381","doi":"10.1007/s10494-012-9406-z","title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of a Square Jet Ejected Transversely into an Accelerating, Laminar Main Flow","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Freestream; Mechanics; Vortex; Laminar flow; Physics; Jet (fluid); Vorticity; Reynolds number; Boundary layer; Adverse pressure gradient; Pressure gradient; Classical mechanics; Flow separation; Turbulence","authors":[{"name":"Joshua Brinkerhoff","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. I. Yaras","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01291067303423819,"gpt":0.2262896260918648,"spread":0.2133789530576266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001839825,0.000396853,0.0005948645,0.0004021654,0.0006405016,0.0008172503,0.0007272277,0.0009733105,0.003452369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000964679,0.0002987666,0.0003857529,0.0004319559,0.0008138441,0.0003367004,0.000525563,0.0006629937,0.0001701279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006226594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009146756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01305302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007130217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999037,0.00001220441,0.000004301345,0.00001291522,0.00004270911,0.00002421463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994383,0.0003032959,0.00005033069,0.00003068736,0.00008936088,0.00008806814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004691281,0.0003197282,0.003232085,0.00007826411,0.00003357742,0.0005408065,0.0001649218,0.9752638,0.01280607,0.002399159,0.0004126056,0.004279776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005748366,0.0001291452,0.001095237,0.000004063082,0.000006360347,0.0000336023,0.00003676296,0.996774,0.001523654,0.0001559153,0.0001762108,0.000007499182],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9707907,0.00008546892,0.01091609,0.0001645431,0.00007810943,0.00005551437,0.0002312397,0.0002711334,0.0174072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936118,0.00004352606,0.003271759,0.00003376456,0.00000924797,0.00002290222,0.00009370416,0.00002702595,0.002886285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01305302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02595413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078059741","doi":"10.1007/s10494-006-9026-6","title":"Traffic Flow Models with Phase Transitions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Traffic control and management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Three-phase traffic theory; Conservation law; Traffic flow (computer networking); Flow (mathematics); Microscopic traffic flow model; Free flow; Statistical physics; Phase (matter); Phase transition; Traffic wave; Mechanics; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Geology; Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory; Mathematical analysis; Transport engineering; Engineering; Traffic generation model; Traffic congestion; Computer security; Computer network; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Rinaldo M. Colombo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paola Goatin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005804141561280154,"gpt":0.1774373448992359,"spread":0.1716332033379558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007302608,0.001116235,0.001060222,0.0009854119,0.0008359381,0.002133877,0.001737606,0.002321864,0.004420678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003549155,0.000875054,0.001313316,0.0009944371,0.00160793,0.003020874,0.001489497,0.001900812,0.0006816971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001395556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001229813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009663844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004160533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995963,0.0001532684,0.00001716748,0.00006904416,0.00007175739,0.00009252814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999108,0.0003903083,0.0001443534,0.00008371552,0.0001618535,0.0001117311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005078671,0.00005037654,0.0002774293,0.00001890916,0.00001814865,0.00005666883,0.00003519507,0.8172945,0.0003400334,0.1788167,0.001308338,0.00173289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001261272,0.000007919883,0.00005146624,0.000003347901,0.000005176056,0.000007766565,0.000007205815,0.965924,0.00006023592,0.03331689,0.0005982448,0.000005077976],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2061401,0.001523246,0.7292506,0.002683022,0.0008651153,0.0001643172,0.001319682,0.0007592032,0.05729472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9691019,0.0005725654,0.009492969,0.0001770365,0.0002402231,0.0001246924,0.0003883874,0.0001229802,0.01977932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009663844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01921523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001536485","doi":"10.1007/s10494-013-9445-0","title":"Investigation of Mixing Models and Conditional Moment Closure Applied to Autoignition of Hydrogen Jets","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Autoignition temperature; Moment closure; Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Turbulence; Ignition system; Scalar (mathematics); Physics; Statistical physics; Closure (psychology); Thermodynamics; Dissipation; Moment (physics); Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Andrew James Michael Buckrell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cécile Devaud","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225427077863076,"gpt":0.1857793934965125,"spread":0.1735251227178817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002106887,0.0007176392,0.001136291,0.0007298003,0.0007974367,0.001627065,0.001429067,0.001224913,0.0008437913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004816587,0.0004743164,0.001033434,0.0004076689,0.001072604,0.001685452,0.001162217,0.001301752,0.00008887288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001023024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001539925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009698424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004415464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994833,0.000234215,0.00003232461,0.000055437,0.0001082061,0.00008655615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966612,0.002218602,0.0003770604,0.0002453335,0.0003271206,0.0001706681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003306534,0.0001842753,0.002659352,0.00009378809,0.00007621094,0.0002386359,0.0001525507,0.9001538,0.01600019,0.06867013,0.0003136588,0.01112674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002779902,0.000005366584,0.00007786267,0.000001094738,0.000001571649,0.000003490485,0.000002376072,0.9988085,0.0005964661,0.0004758971,0.00002145954,0.000003142864],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6434265,0.0006626779,0.348236,0.0004822839,0.0001682851,0.00009068696,0.0001296345,0.0006675022,0.006136602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905412,0.000127949,0.007688693,0.00002433238,0.00003968783,0.0000238445,0.00005120621,0.0001091632,0.001393966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009698424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01928395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996426484","doi":"10.1007/s10494-019-00094-0","title":"Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulations of a Multistage High-Pressure Compressor","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Gas compressor; Stator; Rotor (electric); Aerodynamics; Large eddy simulation; Grid; Computational fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Computer science; Axial compressor; Aerospace engineering; Mass flow; Vortex; Mechanical engineering; Turbulence; Geology; Physics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jérôme de Laborderie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florent Duchaine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Gicquel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stéphane Moreau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004071241123321251,"gpt":0.1933707574014089,"spread":0.1892995162780876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003226841,0.0007462846,0.0009230482,0.0004172392,0.001182382,0.001292848,0.001261216,0.001924149,0.002945425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001247554,0.0005696556,0.0006112301,0.0004687689,0.001166246,0.0008298596,0.0007774411,0.001190094,0.0002338168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001303573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00149564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03254753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02155911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998243,0.00004503991,0.000009576755,0.00002544321,0.0000323177,0.00006340637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992866,0.0003418392,0.00006459272,0.00004378735,0.00008907914,0.0001740893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002838388,0.0002419022,0.00291845,0.00002423066,0.00002865577,0.0001581899,0.00005380843,0.9919434,0.001909031,0.001038532,0.0002927536,0.001107334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000370232,0.00003957615,0.000894054,0.000001982627,0.000003513659,0.000004442439,0.00002207592,0.9984339,0.0004095684,0.00009327181,0.00005459165,0.000006113086],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889504,0.00007062312,0.003500025,0.0001725334,0.00004101374,0.00003184645,0.0002047166,0.0001271997,0.006901504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975157,0.00002094578,0.0009941853,0.00002602924,0.000007955362,0.00001624428,0.0001324342,0.00002590295,0.001260726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03254753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06471616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200943215","doi":"10.1007/s10494-021-00297-4","title":"Aerodynamic Study of the Pedalling of a Cyclist with a Transitional Hybrid RANS–LES Turbulence model","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Drag; Turbulence; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mechanics; Drag coefficient; Wake; Aerodynamic drag; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Classical mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Ardalan Javadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00826870128163754,"gpt":0.199068768202279,"spread":0.1908000669206415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002170811,0.0005240908,0.0007889201,0.0003525882,0.0008586845,0.0007843426,0.0007307052,0.001010234,0.001869282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004942618,0.0002565352,0.0006344108,0.0003006883,0.0006860001,0.0003698194,0.0006203709,0.0006448747,0.0002097617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003384647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000708703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03655566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01420525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998765,0.00003450807,0.00000697419,0.00002009085,0.00002555262,0.00003631074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997432,0.00009785137,0.00002324759,0.00002585864,0.00004878728,0.00006110537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005864555,0.0003351766,0.008360701,0.00009367469,0.00008099497,0.001371242,0.0002207251,0.970408,0.01164087,0.001751145,0.0007791762,0.004371875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001428859,0.00009047258,0.002828945,0.000004409809,0.000009573318,0.00003394913,0.00006086422,0.9962195,0.0005415216,0.0000649174,0.0001221937,0.000009532603],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851334,0.0001508585,0.008642782,0.0001371236,0.00007111907,0.00004464887,0.0001715148,0.000153767,0.005494656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979854,0.00003820518,0.0007024191,0.00001166056,0.00001196458,0.00001100458,0.00007041699,0.00001108539,0.001157762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03655566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07268572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075552698","doi":"10.1007/s10494-009-9200-8","title":"Molecular Mixing and Flowfield Measurements in a Recirculating Shear Flow. Part I: Subsonic Flow","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","keywords":"Mechanics; Mixing (physics); Choked flow; Entrainment (biomusicology); Supersonic speed; Mass flow; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Mass flux; Materials science; Turbulence; Secondary flow; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Jeffrey M. Bergthorson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aristides M. Bonanos","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. D. Slessor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei-Jen Su","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul E. Dimotakis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01449107065280123,"gpt":0.2115554402537406,"spread":0.1970643696009394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009726962,0.0002230401,0.0001697858,0.0003448101,0.0002377377,0.0002101322,0.000233316,0.0002572241,0.001195686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000177205,0.0001109011,0.0001233581,0.0003004837,0.0002631696,0.0003376567,0.0002009818,0.0003083434,0.0001609738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002276494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001277245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00410304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002058586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999566,0.000004584808,0.000002720505,0.00001000722,0.00001333028,0.0000126578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999449,0.00001324437,0.00001121165,0.000004872526,0.0000128803,0.00001286518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000993854,0.0001371974,0.006300564,0.00004123604,0.00001414565,0.0000806933,0.0001184669,0.001211793,0.9794257,0.000430658,0.0002945851,0.01095109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001660628,0.001127721,0.1513729,0.00001780609,0.0000478472,0.0002018161,0.0002081017,0.03479515,0.809981,0.000411404,0.001628978,0.00004122531],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978973,0.0001301199,0.001152469,0.00001510864,0.000006760888,0.000007960342,0.0001657089,0.00005569091,0.0005688737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986035,0.00007899889,0.0006840169,0.000006708613,0.000004776439,0.000005784763,0.0002205546,0.000006818614,0.0003888478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00410304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008158326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011144404","doi":"10.1007/s10494-020-00120-6","title":"Assessment of an Evolution Equation for the Displacement Speed of a Constant-Density Reactive Scalar Field","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Lunds Universitet; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Scalar field; Turbulence; Scalar (mathematics); Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Isotropy; Convection–diffusion equation; Displacement (psychology); Physics; Work (physics); Curvature; Direct numerical simulation; Displacement field; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Geometry; Thermodynamics; Finite element method; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Rixin Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thommie Nilsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geert Brethouwer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nilanjan Chakraborty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei N. Lipatnikov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01580778218506286,"gpt":0.2446087031577309,"spread":0.2288009209726681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004869844,0.0002907293,0.0002005166,0.0004740547,0.0002156013,0.0007193705,0.0005158423,0.0005232667,0.001211499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002337448,0.0001789817,0.0002610653,0.0002639755,0.0006711201,0.0006265721,0.0004873452,0.0005293959,0.0001344127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007879674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007577264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004714461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001778164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998862,0.00002155668,0.000008439527,0.00002134202,0.00005101768,0.00001147652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994486,0.0002686594,0.00008197547,0.00003569153,0.0001420314,0.00002300628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001462249,0.00008104173,0.01793196,0.0002355466,0.00004095316,0.0005986635,0.0003309444,0.6163215,0.111187,0.2108138,0.001061775,0.04125075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000871531,0.00001969172,0.001595026,0.000005939592,0.000003577172,0.00006038897,0.00002567728,0.990889,0.004009768,0.002801451,0.0005686341,0.00001222469],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5655621,0.000417107,0.4195626,0.0005496998,0.0000824889,0.0001253229,0.0002415709,0.0002425265,0.01321666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621431,0.0001577853,0.03464332,0.00003149918,0.00001095342,0.00003575652,0.0001095495,0.00004935543,0.002818751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004714461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009374022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033497764","doi":"10.1007/s10494-014-9573-1","title":"On the Hysteresis Phenomenon of Turbulent Lifted Diffusion Methane Flame","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Mechanics; Turbulence; Diffusion flame; Combustor; Body orifice; Nozzle; Jet (fluid); Hysteresis; Diffusion; Materials science; Wake; Laminar flame speed; Turbulence kinetic energy; Premixed flame; Chemistry; Combustion; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mohsen Akbarzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006531057575425918,"gpt":0.1805276609963221,"spread":0.1739966034208962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002165059,0.0001927598,0.0003062901,0.0005710304,0.0003471223,0.0004140579,0.0004443406,0.0003173172,0.0008969799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009031817,0.0001216974,0.0002409668,0.000255985,0.001050455,0.0007384936,0.000493517,0.0005061805,0.00003512892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002816192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001260216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001057055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003308607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999276,0.00001896574,0.000002636431,0.00001154715,0.00002110991,0.00001812043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996656,0.0001660396,0.00005517387,0.00003663848,0.00004169622,0.00003485841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002949799,0.0004065773,0.01142154,0.0007478651,0.0001687584,0.00309977,0.001264366,0.1618308,0.4033201,0.3488592,0.002043377,0.06388786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007652875,0.0001560999,0.01215716,0.0000251514,0.00003011675,0.0003242417,0.000152455,0.9250237,0.01786665,0.04284453,0.001274377,0.00006898339],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9666299,0.00204735,0.02364241,0.0003368518,0.0001189454,0.00001519614,0.00002985127,0.000128923,0.007050486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989624,0.0002109542,0.0004554005,0.000009922044,0.00003942163,0.000001475465,0.000006215568,0.000006685778,0.0003075779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001057055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003000736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943453974","doi":"10.1007/s10494-019-00019-x","title":"Subgrid Reaction-Diffusion Closure for Large Eddy Simulations Using the Linear-Eddy Model","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola; Small Business Innovative Research and Small Business Technology Transfer; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Large eddy simulation; Combustion; Turbulence; Mechanics; Closure (psychology); Eddy diffusion; Computational fluid dynamics; Diffusion flame; Flame structure; Diffusion; Thermodynamics; Turbulence modeling; Turbulent diffusion; Statistical physics; Range (aeronautics); Premixed flame; Direct numerical simulation; Physics; Chemistry; Aerospace engineering; Reynolds number; Engineering; Physical chemistry; Combustor","authors":[{"name":"Salman Arshad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esteban D. Gonzalez-Juez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adhiraj Dasgupta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suresh Menon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Oevermann","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01306562154184417,"gpt":0.2385680427134363,"spread":0.2255024211715921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008945377,0.000600484,0.0008321707,0.0003281917,0.0004941605,0.000901625,0.001487434,0.0008852653,0.001949061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002094949,0.000334929,0.0007429941,0.0002467198,0.0004490418,0.00106229,0.001214382,0.001255358,0.0004453351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007405279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008550668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006019962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004149283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996952,0.0001038937,0.00002792028,0.00002950885,0.0001151237,0.00002843663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992684,0.0003604479,0.00009469212,0.0001026503,0.0001128359,0.00006109149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022515,0.00009029202,0.001122911,0.0001120623,0.0000410303,0.0001782214,0.00009709533,0.9449701,0.01838762,0.02158215,0.001161244,0.01215498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007370581,0.000006615111,0.00005153699,0.000002305779,0.0000013996,0.000005033678,0.000002172414,0.998288,0.0007193206,0.0004963792,0.0004168742,0.000003021712],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06677336,0.0004382425,0.9210951,0.0002754677,0.0001494266,0.0001565942,0.0004320409,0.001501941,0.009177787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7837766,0.000345062,0.206824,0.0001317115,0.00008993705,0.0004383061,0.0005499257,0.0005994011,0.007245053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006019962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0119698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3039006362","doi":"10.1007/s10494-020-00194-2","title":"Acoustic Dampers Effects on the Characteristics of Confined Swirling Partially Premixed Methane Flames","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Baffle; Combustor; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Vortex; Flow (mathematics); Acoustics; Damper; Plane (geometry); Materials science; Physics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Turbulence; Combustion; Geometry; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Mahmoud M.A. Ahmed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madjid Birouk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009525799109478867,"gpt":0.1897932630696444,"spread":0.1802674639601656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000164886,0.0002528018,0.0002875781,0.0003483614,0.0003446044,0.0003673335,0.0002036694,0.0001846553,0.001314194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00097192,0.0001623838,0.0001714077,0.0001596442,0.0004896093,0.0002601971,0.0003316755,0.0002399146,0.00008710489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003007654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001687733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003684526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002623767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999348,0.0000113049,0.000002387829,0.00001092132,0.000023382,0.00001718445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993194,0.0004023552,0.00008938025,0.00003175289,0.00007845085,0.00007864794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003657177,0.0001803859,0.01074794,0.00009607414,0.00004403035,0.0006346907,0.0007376907,0.03128483,0.9392346,0.000940113,0.0001435985,0.01229904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002122625,0.001713116,0.1436102,0.00003234961,0.0001036067,0.0004329606,0.0006623125,0.3867701,0.4650932,0.0004108667,0.000841364,0.0001176621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991811,0.00002559305,0.0004954337,0.000005060876,0.000002562859,0.000002036586,0.000008289992,0.00002412754,0.0002557395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996881,0.00001146481,0.00008322133,0.000001540799,0.000001762195,0.000001509534,0.00001141095,0.000005770076,0.0001951791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003684526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007326126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}