{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"edaed83e6a53","filters":{"venue":"Focus on biotechnology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2204844236","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-3363-x_22","title":"Production of Ethanol Using Immobilised Cell Bioreactor Systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bioreactor; Ethanol; Ethanol fuel; Pulp and paper industry; Production (economics); Chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Process engineering; Chromatography; Engineering; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Argyrios Margaritis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter M. Kilonzo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01583754277950297,"gpt":0.2009222693613791,"spread":0.1850847265818761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001515136,0.0008550248,0.0005946117,0.0003732919,0.0001514184,0.0008601032,0.0008880851,0.0004931502,0.001934992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008332948,0.000406152,0.0005984329,0.0006705253,0.0002158308,0.001026722,0.0003989473,0.0008646099,0.001748867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005007734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001408495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003817618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007083815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998899,0.00000875114,0.000008383022,0.00003134914,0.00004804436,0.00001370566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999754,0.000008439186,0.000002993851,0.000005133496,0.000005458552,0.000002466064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004312248,0.00007105845,0.00003835451,0.0003278792,0.00001721764,0.0001169297,0.00003079122,0.0006528705,0.9582575,0.00101998,0.0004955622,0.03892883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001523917,0.0001847532,0.0002582156,0.00004121976,0.00003591573,0.0002195637,0.00001650106,0.001447787,0.965963,0.0005478557,0.03125428,0.00001571268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5323846,0.1449621,0.2455883,0.001228671,0.001838688,0.0003732248,0.001219919,0.002893062,0.06951149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6063849,0.1171967,0.1283852,0.000670268,0.0002470886,0.0002306269,0.003575109,0.0003801163,0.1429302],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001934992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006473243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W382903160","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-0139-6_8","title":"In Vitro Regeneration and Genetic Transformation of Lentil","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Plant tissue culture and regeneration","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Regeneration (biology); Transformation (genetics); In vitro; Biology; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Anju Gulati","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alan McHughen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007773740515604199,"gpt":0.2047485026257369,"spread":0.1969747621101327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000305676,0.0008787161,0.0005792489,0.00086774,0.000315399,0.000901047,0.001090588,0.0004364209,0.002335057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001386742,0.0005660612,0.0005627986,0.0006879213,0.0004557512,0.0006180689,0.0005294462,0.001664217,0.003607098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006000163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003033555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006072816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001135099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997879,0.0000239366,0.00001560289,0.00004318099,0.0001004518,0.00002895282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999267,0.0000218381,0.00001357323,0.00001911664,0.000009015969,0.000009688787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001905385,0.00004473022,0.0000539921,0.0002489079,0.00000589707,0.0001812839,0.0000789876,0.0002200149,0.9623501,0.004678678,0.001304175,0.03081418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007878938,0.0000620629,0.0005470118,0.00005370195,0.00002494198,0.001383266,0.00002021088,0.0005556933,0.8346159,0.002223473,0.1604906,0.00001523561],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1033838,0.1109778,0.5554164,0.001307149,0.002179877,0.0004224488,0.004174788,0.006046143,0.2160917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.283212,0.09585845,0.2246863,0.001277431,0.0005275011,0.0005798192,0.009498948,0.002597137,0.3817624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002335057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007811606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W126958392","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-3694-1_17","title":"Tissue Culture Gel Firmness: Measurement And Effects On Growth","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Stewart I. Cameron","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01454608284920133,"gpt":0.232080856500053,"spread":0.2175347736508517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007360202,0.001039045,0.0005759693,0.00112154,0.0002463364,0.0007325732,0.000811095,0.0008249863,0.002609147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009607643,0.0005892981,0.000485681,0.001520343,0.0005090573,0.001074322,0.0006296518,0.001882614,0.002141754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003472945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002617452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006329725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001274755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999427,0.00009693855,0.00003003967,0.0001235272,0.0002890468,0.0000335189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988301,0.0006959205,0.0001484575,0.00009486251,0.000142174,0.00008839915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000126501,0.00005535829,0.0007506241,0.0001588722,0.00001018414,0.00009864806,0.00008675658,0.0001938303,0.9605516,0.0002720722,0.0006420924,0.03705342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007827112,0.0004930786,0.0119384,0.00004459071,0.00005988469,0.0008359269,0.00009744486,0.001104503,0.9779783,0.0005563369,0.006847559,0.0000361648],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4991321,0.2106905,0.2064259,0.002456746,0.001616452,0.0002769582,0.005532628,0.002206896,0.07166186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7119781,0.09300856,0.08841546,0.001042668,0.0007107354,0.0004452681,0.003977578,0.001346035,0.09907566],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002609147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008728445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230768272","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1638-3_26","title":"Biofilm Modelling","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Biotechnology Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Biofilm; Rotating biological contactor; Bioprocess; Biomass (ecology); Biofouling; Biochemical engineering; Sewage treatment; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Environmental science; Process engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Biology; Engineering; Ecology; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"B. Tartakovsky","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01633672069370508,"gpt":0.1984000444250585,"spread":0.1820633237313534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002952737,0.001191681,0.001107662,0.0004222876,0.0004468669,0.001068038,0.001628962,0.001570338,0.03158188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009284521,0.0006282143,0.001269265,0.0005669944,0.0002284838,0.001094957,0.0009833126,0.001107906,0.01402087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004777712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007688869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006065129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005704311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997925,0.00004117447,0.00001115066,0.00005128939,0.00008431099,0.00001958136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997492,0.00008427037,0.0000154049,0.00005214891,0.00007881883,0.00002012463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006241074,0.00008452722,0.0003865823,0.0003623465,0.00009149487,0.000137466,0.00006387073,0.7418518,0.007809338,0.06171485,0.06562807,0.1218072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001579539,0.00002227448,0.0001700447,0.00004054108,0.00002425447,0.00006175218,0.00001559555,0.8972082,0.003173788,0.02171854,0.07752809,0.00002110555],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00752688,0.002425848,0.8205749,0.0009433707,0.001064112,0.0001313755,0.004358584,0.00563673,0.1573383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.198415,0.005061557,0.3925072,0.0007653259,0.0004633833,0.0009531168,0.01377198,0.004571201,0.3834912],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03158188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1056519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W174015517","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-3363-x_13","title":"Gene Therapy Using Encapsulated Cells","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Virus-based gene therapy research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Genetic enhancement; Computational biology; Gene; Medicine; Biology; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Gonzalo Hortelano","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02557988894773668,"gpt":0.2780815878678805,"spread":0.2525016989201438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002558498,0.0009281278,0.0006456874,0.0006155836,0.0003020358,0.001152231,0.0005707867,0.0007265087,0.004005985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009833467,0.0002949875,0.0003812288,0.0005340661,0.0008094852,0.001121864,0.0006074521,0.001469399,0.003520878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006130873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003170916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004336038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000589329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998777,0.00001272191,0.00000589409,0.0000370177,0.00005354266,0.00001322957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999586,0.00001709964,0.000006294422,0.00000688174,0.000006471742,0.000004612626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005274516,0.00008682359,0.00009205817,0.0008485492,0.00002951912,0.0002388945,0.0003047679,0.0008380378,0.7118782,0.0748022,0.0113353,0.1994928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001408529,0.0001504344,0.0002603756,0.0002265507,0.00004355053,0.001148574,0.00005104155,0.001129845,0.4802162,0.007443801,0.5092915,0.00002407574],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04115579,0.2942663,0.3353966,0.002277042,0.002996637,0.0003181908,0.000468667,0.001939547,0.3211812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1204145,0.1547573,0.07098713,0.002115048,0.0004380893,0.00040087,0.000576878,0.0005159013,0.6497942],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004005985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01340139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123208196","doi":"10.1007/0-306-46885-9_5","title":"Resistance to aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Function meets structure","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Aminoglycoside; Antibiotics; Enzyme; Chemistry; Acetylation; Antibiotic resistance; Mechanism of action; Biochemistry; Microbiology; Stereochemistry; Combinatorial chemistry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Gerard D. Wright","is_ca":true},{"name":"Albert M. Berghuis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007548805080178388,"gpt":0.2188579976259011,"spread":0.2113091925457227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002184742,0.001150747,0.001055378,0.0006455483,0.0003125696,0.001375787,0.00113976,0.001023303,0.006414574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002268315,0.000398436,0.0003143348,0.001021199,0.001129949,0.003183922,0.0005822018,0.002231293,0.005518998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006891615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005016214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003185415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004265387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999011,0.00001154627,0.000005343456,0.00002033855,0.00005282581,0.000008935226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999319,0.00003297362,0.000006879896,0.000006269404,0.00001353208,0.000008362223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007321546,0.0001284709,0.0001264039,0.001668284,0.00001832764,0.0002491291,0.0003885343,0.001331273,0.07935882,0.1844044,0.09241151,0.6398416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009344498,0.00007372847,0.0002237889,0.0002818678,0.00001829515,0.0008122183,0.00008102656,0.0004674043,0.007661651,0.04371758,0.9466419,0.00001112122],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004625001,0.7820049,0.02604838,0.008202721,0.004670512,0.0000404777,0.000134919,0.0003599201,0.1739132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03432162,0.6507629,0.01761909,0.003906076,0.002626057,0.0001220322,0.0003560933,0.000173676,0.2901125],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006414574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02145886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W151546352","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-3363-x_5","title":"Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels and the Future of Tissue Substitutes","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Focus on biotechnology","topic":"Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement","funders":"","keywords":"Tissue engineering; Medicine; Biomedical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Lucie Germain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karina Laflamme","is_ca":true},{"name":"François A. Auger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004788110175426049,"gpt":0.2173713819569923,"spread":0.2125832717815662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003314925,0.0005928026,0.0005143253,0.0005214347,0.0003118998,0.001289726,0.0005729576,0.001107933,0.00678317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002093275,0.0002442799,0.0002577615,0.0005408445,0.0008645328,0.002471089,0.0004580751,0.001745225,0.001861702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004639755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004425436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003052674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000951048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999006,0.0000137139,0.000003524792,0.00001559038,0.00005834258,0.000008227424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999876,0.00008351925,0.000007467702,0.000004435735,0.00001817654,0.00001035052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008047113,0.0001461246,0.0001068215,0.001817189,0.00002282691,0.0005464352,0.0005151567,0.00235369,0.0546301,0.3946052,0.07999565,0.4651804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000102044,0.0000569601,0.0001266097,0.0003463747,0.00001028854,0.0009080209,0.0001164242,0.0009781839,0.008199855,0.07543309,0.9138001,0.00001387936],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004055158,0.8286811,0.02822989,0.005383959,0.002527121,0.00002595198,0.00005586778,0.0001415172,0.1308993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03370019,0.6972351,0.02309491,0.002642338,0.001902343,0.00007788996,0.0001102071,0.00009314805,0.2411439],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00678317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02269191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}