{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":15,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":15,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0ea9b156ad0a","filters":{"venue":"Foundations of Chemistry"}},"results":[{"id":"W2012113925","doi":"10.1007/s10698-012-9153-1","title":"Atoms in molecules as non-overlapping, bounded, space-filling open quantum systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Saint Vincent University; Dalhousie University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Atoms in molecules; Observable; Philosophy of science; Physics; Theoretical physics; Atom (system on chip); Realm; Quantum; Simple (philosophy); Quantum mechanics; Electron; Epistemology; Philosophy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341418855850272,"gpt":0.3066316997786172,"spread":0.2932175112201144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001353577,0.0001234839,0.0001815641,0.00002772971,0.0001114969,0.0001182012,0.0003585466,0.00005148981,0.0004444697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005912326,0.0001345446,0.00005673667,0.0001889361,0.00006275099,0.0002354706,0.0001357646,0.0001215566,0.00004656821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000473928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009130784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001363165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002189824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992208,0.000007887915,0.000283789,0.0001633546,0.00009282877,0.0002312735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993172,0.00002518559,0.0001747772,0.0003565723,0.00005805899,0.00006825487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001306686,0.0007884901,0.03491304,0.0001770973,0.00008881055,3.034975e-7,0.0005447367,0.0002109032,0.4989935,0.4600829,0.003675268,0.0005119282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001063973,0.00003663814,0.001263246,0.0005298138,0.00006882174,0.000006918006,0.00426806,0.005327431,0.844417,0.02195681,0.1202086,0.0008526636],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8746295,0.00007842504,0.03307973,0.00007772566,0.00006113083,0.0003995674,0.0000520121,0.00002879502,0.0915931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954365,0.000004252141,0.002628035,0.000007433211,0.0001148957,0.0001324802,0.0002222185,0.00001833706,0.001435862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4381261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5486571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002154988","doi":"10.1007/s10698-020-09352-w","title":"Two-step emergence: the quantum theory of atoms in molecules as a bridge between quantum mechanics and molecular chemistry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Saint Vincent University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mount Saint Vincent University","keywords":"Atoms in molecules; Reductionism; Chemistry; Quantum mechanics; Philosophy of science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Quantum; Theoretical physics; Physics; Epistemology; Molecule; Philosophy; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01656079631038964,"gpt":0.2811276749939012,"spread":0.2645668786835115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006176168,0.0002492846,0.0003685942,0.0000120828,0.00007162328,0.00001839347,0.0004644459,0.0001383933,0.0008257241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004672195,0.0002287526,0.0001816668,0.0003081944,0.0002075258,0.00008598116,0.0002132656,0.000458765,0.000007632966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002773574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008834088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002590556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.30083e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984576,0.00002291793,0.0005718078,0.0003962918,0.0003064583,0.0002449153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987206,0.0002331138,0.0002972506,0.0004600311,0.0001365142,0.0001524662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004734299,0.0001178249,0.0001262358,0.0004146778,0.00009887217,0.000005686436,0.0001594266,0.00005992062,0.9846916,0.01380487,0.00006356774,0.0004100455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000416345,0.0000137414,0.00002358544,0.0001052269,0.00008553868,0.000007299732,0.0007281174,0.002211653,0.9353266,0.06007228,0.0007830638,0.0002266017],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984807,0.0002889395,0.009764312,0.000714538,0.00001570388,0.00007985281,0.0001152001,0.00004067435,0.004173746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999234,0.0000392486,0.0002765585,0.00008683163,0.00008047291,0.00003444642,0.000162249,0.00003269669,0.00005345493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04936498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9328261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996882348","doi":"10.1007/s10698-007-9042-1","title":"Naming elements after scientists: an account of a controversy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Element (criminal law); Dissent; Philosophy of science; Marie curie; Curie; Epistemology; Philosophy; Law; History; Political science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01034826954395828,"gpt":0.2919370141727586,"spread":0.2815887446288003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003013493,0.000167536,0.0002196998,0.00003397788,0.0001049695,0.00001812344,0.0003649976,0.000119204,0.005958436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001717011,0.0001955879,0.00009494658,0.0001539248,0.0003029532,0.0002830085,0.00007202761,0.0001524277,0.000006937716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001944666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001157466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007221634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000642835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983656,0.000003359617,0.0006419129,0.0003093233,0.0004018063,0.0002780271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985871,0.00007236769,0.0004063227,0.0005993304,0.0002258162,0.0001090227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009233636,0.0003059279,0.003425558,0.0004831156,0.00004703719,0.000006433099,0.0001621985,0.000008742944,0.9934916,0.00003622127,0.00008056412,0.001860289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007239846,0.000008302504,0.0001369622,0.0001256464,0.00003849361,0.000006930968,0.0005566077,0.00002366685,0.9707336,0.0001456451,0.02731488,0.0001852751],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9371805,0.0001041447,0.001091056,0.000006917161,0.00009982847,0.00003888922,0.000134686,0.00003394207,0.06131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991952,0.000006098255,0.003332091,0.00001941993,0.0001359884,0.00001428613,0.0001953902,0.0000189565,0.004325781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05698422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080516488","doi":"10.1007/s10698-008-9055-4","title":"Isoelectronic series: a fundamental periodic property","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner","funders":"","keywords":"Series (stratigraphy); Electron; Valence electron; Atomic physics; Core electron; Valence (chemistry); Chemistry; Atomic number; Physics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01822653198807214,"gpt":0.2441952697248426,"spread":0.2259687377367705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004276994,0.0002057176,0.0002151563,0.00001518015,0.0003536307,0.00001256759,0.0003212416,0.0001212002,0.01524458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006635601,0.00018949,0.000156795,0.0001032104,0.0005332762,0.0002335848,0.00006638221,0.00024498,0.00005994324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003267909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004489105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003502606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.088537e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987655,0.000003832766,0.0003704339,0.0003183872,0.0002655782,0.0002762581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990902,0.00002386226,0.0001812527,0.0005154145,0.00009207412,0.00009719906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004442034,0.0001885893,0.0006312829,0.0003214086,0.00006481542,0.00001034818,0.0002517343,0.00001163361,0.997105,0.00003739272,0.0009356288,0.0003977354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004158364,0.00001334144,0.000008289237,0.00004955669,0.00002180994,0.0001863779,0.0001778835,0.000009796127,0.7794882,0.0001450086,0.2192641,0.0002197893],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6132448,0.0001707465,0.00006925382,0.00006040788,0.00003570479,0.00004091038,0.00004073263,0.000107184,0.3862303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7593802,0.00004985037,0.0005771895,0.00001582375,0.0001108856,0.00003448625,0.0001565682,0.00002300626,0.239652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2183285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9856556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054228019","doi":"10.1007/s10698-006-9019-5","title":"Another scientific practice separating chemistry from physics: thought experiments","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; History of science; Physical law; Range (aeronautics); Asymmetry; Philosophy of physics; Chemistry; Theoretical physics; Physics; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04327458571617883,"gpt":0.2751317951539994,"spread":0.2318572094378206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009918368,0.0001126006,0.0001148665,0.00001095428,0.0006659871,0.0002603496,0.0002615415,0.00003478724,0.003891492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004536303,0.0001194542,0.0000636125,0.00005760465,0.0008189585,0.0006568743,0.00003790854,0.00008913072,0.00008136739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005199514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009169483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001852819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001212771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990673,0.000009065925,0.0002332266,0.0002706598,0.0002790724,0.0001406943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991635,0.00006495424,0.0002323711,0.0003176837,0.0001941269,0.00002736794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001280808,0.0003607468,0.00001868502,0.00004442514,0.0000257799,0.000001466175,0.005342288,0.00004400833,0.9730194,0.01117283,0.009703163,0.0002544558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001993449,0.000004865771,0.00000785821,0.00003589483,0.00002520201,0.000001041793,0.001534589,0.00008570118,0.445271,0.008948767,0.543705,0.000180734],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2129566,0.0002532333,0.0001357305,0.0002301404,0.0002868747,0.00005464219,0.0001002277,0.00005958028,0.7859229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96165,9.253522e-7,0.001217211,0.00005375815,0.001250757,0.00001462915,0.0001858162,0.00001174492,0.03561515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7503078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307515256","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09447-6","title":"Electronegativity provides the relationship between formal charge, oxidation state, and actual charge","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Formal charge; Electronegativity; Partial charge; Charge (physics); Chemistry; Computational chemistry; Atomic physics; Chemical physics; Molecule; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01959210185850613,"gpt":0.2698686586145819,"spread":0.2502765567560757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001129856,0.0001044038,0.0001246392,0.00001253021,0.0006548453,0.00001947185,0.0001358988,0.00001216283,0.0003318781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005255848,0.0000952141,0.0000442212,0.0001586013,0.0001185796,0.0002763255,0.0001731923,0.0002545792,0.000005658113],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004424636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005691563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001295895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.4933e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992858,0.00002057902,0.0001952597,0.0001544622,0.0001659454,0.0001779256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991329,0.0004101705,0.0001922566,0.0001810022,0.00005470485,0.00002891589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005828024,0.0003941686,0.571122,0.0001639557,0.0003422723,1.405744e-7,0.002439186,0.0002426284,0.3826984,0.03214619,0.00188588,0.008506882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006717314,0.00004293309,0.02958108,0.00001323465,0.00007880824,7.250747e-7,0.0008526642,0.00006765526,0.6327037,0.3327078,0.002944564,0.0003351753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923216,0.00002257281,0.002287836,0.0003188452,0.0000136314,0.0001533998,0.0001598505,0.00001561682,0.004706694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977804,6.575034e-7,0.0001439451,0.000007129702,0.0001131037,0.0001324583,0.0003844733,0.00001071904,0.001427159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5415409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5036607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046528002","doi":"10.1007/s10698-007-9034-1","title":"The chemical ‘Knight’s Move’ relationship: what is its significance?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Government of Newfoundland and Labrador","funders":"","keywords":"Indium; Bismuth; Tin; Knight shift; Knight; Halide; Zinc; Periodic table; Melting point; Metal; Copper; Chemistry; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Inorganic chemistry; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0211985712109889,"gpt":0.286112308221842,"spread":0.2649137370108531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003446603,0.0002371866,0.0001977026,0.00001691034,0.0005112033,0.0001031118,0.0006284572,0.0002462674,0.00340629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000444185,0.0002202303,0.0001553598,0.0002247365,0.0003938974,0.0004269505,0.00008856963,0.0004515663,0.00007392587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002540975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001623951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001960653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001248321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980787,0.00000624985,0.0006731757,0.0003911039,0.0004523561,0.0003984382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977394,0.000688201,0.0003573226,0.0008233445,0.0002425727,0.000149202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000499139,0.0001243538,0.0003843537,0.0002404691,0.0000533266,0.000003471043,0.0002577683,0.000009222877,0.991198,0.000433915,0.001924841,0.005320379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002770206,0.00000177595,0.00001945391,0.00008784434,0.00002608892,0.00000831233,0.0007906133,0.00002455298,0.823212,0.001027008,0.1743231,0.0002022671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7280402,0.003510465,0.0009748956,0.0009416855,0.0004760395,0.0001567925,0.00009595599,0.0002070792,0.2655969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9556198,0.0002018516,0.0005941076,0.00007362639,0.0003565555,0.00003520902,0.0001490273,0.00003316644,0.04293662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2275797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249912838","doi":"10.1007/s10698-009-9069-6","title":"Metals: typical and less typical, transition and inner transition","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Numbering; Chemical nomenclature; Metalloid; Transition metal; Transition (genetics); Periodic table; Group (periodic table); Philosophy of science; Chemistry; Metal; Philosophy; Epistemology; Mathematics; Organic chemistry; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01731242461929005,"gpt":0.2655440443451053,"spread":0.2482316197258153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006541447,0.0001515009,0.0001941807,0.0000168367,0.0001380037,0.00002472937,0.00008804685,0.0001610145,0.0008916273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000534445,0.0001658864,0.00004934735,0.00007384785,0.0002221299,0.0001822151,0.00001084347,0.000180409,0.000002304134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003846096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003977176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.989229e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.830247e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991524,0.000006850611,0.0002820611,0.0002743091,0.0001423224,0.0001421161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994934,0.00005333181,0.00008414344,0.0002166194,0.00006050112,0.00009204528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000171502,0.0001830549,0.00001435961,0.0004011043,0.00003075706,0.000002841384,0.0003686241,0.00002883562,0.9916219,0.0001697759,0.0001463911,0.006860911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001141956,0.00002529687,0.0001941836,0.0001851401,0.0001319082,0.00006169322,0.0007526176,0.0002910428,0.9834377,0.002994409,0.01043352,0.0003505811],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869906,0.0003733689,0.002081235,0.0005130924,0.00002131993,0.00003505028,0.00005439241,0.00005316048,0.009877748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975374,0.000109404,0.001278591,0.00008737759,0.0001079433,0.000008399368,0.0002002255,0.00001011084,0.0006605706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01054675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9762693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210564864","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09417-y","title":"Orthogonality properties of states, configurations, and orbitals","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada; St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Orthogonality; Linear combination of atomic orbitals; Molecular orbital; Slater-type orbital; Atomic orbital; Orthogonal basis; Quantum mechanics; Molecular orbital theory; Operator (biology); Physics; Mathematics; Chemistry; Geometry; Electron; Molecule","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01419936785631035,"gpt":0.2461007312539255,"spread":0.2319013633976152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003605819,0.00005983979,0.0001216287,0.000006564469,0.0001279684,0.000004872917,0.00007087355,0.000005933455,0.0004194477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000980433,0.00006155424,0.00003184009,0.00007451492,0.0001461277,0.00007315296,0.0001052189,0.00007020077,4.470145e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001197836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004475892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002745626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.835483e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995347,0.000005977176,0.0001880554,0.00009794921,0.0001081758,0.00006514308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995942,0.00003041178,0.0001346451,0.0001290455,0.000093787,0.00001791598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001306728,0.0001826645,0.003479721,0.0001118803,0.0000971349,5.6255e-8,0.000340538,0.0007992713,0.9879403,0.00613276,0.0002049482,0.0006976277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002063682,0.000009044513,0.0001672459,0.00001124413,0.00002200766,3.44619e-7,0.002322567,0.00003097051,0.9220502,0.07369636,0.00138933,0.00009433987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922278,0.0001207851,0.0004802945,0.00008000754,0.00001141489,0.00006125249,0.000202174,0.000007783594,0.006808517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.000002108765,0.0002184942,0.000004345522,0.00002216239,0.00004649888,0.0001700103,0.000005154925,0.0002960624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0675636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4592658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389952998","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09492-9","title":"Relating screening to atomic properties and electronegativity in the Slater atom","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Electronegativity; Valence electron; Atomic physics; Atom (system on chip); Electron; Valence (chemistry); Core electron; Chemistry; Atomic theory; Atomic orbital; Slater determinant; Electron configuration; Ionization; Molecular orbital theory; Slater-type orbital; Physics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02566925690576716,"gpt":0.2682670436560348,"spread":0.2425977867502676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006917057,0.00006798698,0.00009041599,0.00001328328,0.00009392918,0.00001591745,0.00008659537,0.00001207734,0.00001184592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001784038,0.00005373445,0.00002222094,0.0002250633,0.00005294233,0.00008008491,0.0000777177,0.0001085745,0.000006626337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001004565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001213247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002686981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001407664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999547,0.000007797094,0.0001216312,0.0001162588,0.00007674249,0.0001305938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997097,0.00008393965,0.0000430746,0.0001226233,0.0000257705,0.00001495227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001354565,0.00004829501,0.04504928,0.00006285351,0.0000556896,3.09671e-7,0.002918524,0.000912967,0.9410449,0.00180276,0.0003035998,0.007787268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004188619,0.0000116646,0.007201877,0.0001270648,0.0000218216,5.209096e-7,0.003398245,0.0005774423,0.8907086,0.09572427,0.001548419,0.0002612251],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941716,0.00001115472,0.001402728,0.0003450763,0.000004766414,0.00007704748,0.000005613487,0.00001618805,0.003965894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990967,7.210649e-7,0.0005616594,0.00001072982,0.00005028463,0.00003994775,0.00001832865,0.000006839441,0.00021478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09392151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2191228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313566542","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09463-6","title":"Entropy and sign conventions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Sign (mathematics); Entropy (arrow of time); Second law of thermodynamics; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009503061802272792,"gpt":0.2700153417597722,"spread":0.2605122799574994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002634781,0.00004273208,0.00006172412,0.00001031683,0.00005890997,0.000009966317,0.00004237916,0.00001244422,0.0006643931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001185601,0.0000454568,0.00002350434,0.00009217067,0.0000370598,0.0000289074,0.00002575618,0.00003875187,0.00001921327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003924287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001574329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003799645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.335679e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997029,0.000003092357,0.00009541389,0.00007781467,0.00004614771,0.00007462381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997521,0.00005359652,0.00003835007,0.00009008549,0.00003402289,0.00003183452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002276151,0.00003401549,0.0003639831,0.00002217995,0.00002907328,3.035775e-7,0.00003049905,0.00005257451,0.05679084,0.9356549,0.0001264635,0.006892884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002680518,0.000008710887,0.0005034424,0.00001372101,0.00001991454,3.466522e-7,0.0002614523,0.01181795,0.01390767,0.9708947,0.002204178,0.00009986482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5236979,0.00001166892,0.456055,0.0001972611,0.00007928038,0.0001011908,0.0003842585,0.00005873257,0.0194147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970215,0.000003037594,0.001598921,0.000002291363,0.00003126355,0.00001078673,0.0001966808,0.000005520878,0.001129984],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4733236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7274638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W160769487","doi":"10.1007/s10698-011-9119-8","title":"Anne-Marie Weidler Kubanek: Nothing less than an adventure: Ellen Gleditsch and her life in science","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Language and Culture","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Adventure; Nothing; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Art history; Art; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03096969949161207,"gpt":0.2982124591046745,"spread":0.2672427596130624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003815492,0.00007144944,0.00009634031,0.00002668692,0.0003281549,0.00008212812,0.0003260309,0.00009894786,0.0006217781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003623134,0.00006615482,0.000021837,0.0003056361,0.0005461975,0.0006129819,0.00005196677,0.0001206579,0.000004493146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003109622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003251262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001689036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008282157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991691,0.00001973593,0.0001442786,0.0002026126,0.0002718087,0.0001925062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994699,0.00002635534,0.00007626903,0.0001839233,0.000115668,0.0001278571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007649811,0.0009860825,0.06258369,0.0002561508,0.00005599386,0.00002655343,0.753904,0.00002538022,0.1565384,0.01115032,0.001345721,0.01305114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00294759,0.0001246342,0.05057437,0.0005542673,0.0001530794,0.0000140045,0.5648118,0.000341499,0.2516247,0.01367825,0.1131246,0.002051097],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9547225,0.0002500732,0.00001886731,0.0003422752,0.00009009636,0.00006963318,0.000004846007,0.00002481548,0.04447689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979146,0.00002389966,0.0004650716,0.00006431071,0.0001531762,0.00000664192,0.00001099834,0.0000051245,0.001356215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1890922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6808034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410077011","doi":"10.1007/s10698-025-09540-6","title":"Introducing the energy–density and local Schrödinger equations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Schrödinger equation; Energy (signal processing); Physics; Schrödinger's cat; Mathematical physics; Quantum mechanics; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006968402114483699,"gpt":0.251971301156096,"spread":0.2450028990416123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003145502,0.00006708599,0.00009010115,0.000008476541,0.0001988596,0.0000158054,0.00008685888,0.00001457308,0.00005625426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003238676,0.00005643595,0.0000333877,0.000129078,0.0002188614,0.00005642595,0.0001111576,0.00008091328,0.000001291712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001688951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003557831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003345489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001028536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996083,0.000004642472,0.0001219778,0.0001271942,0.00005685112,0.00008108243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994637,0.0001680666,0.0000551531,0.0002041212,0.00009410401,0.00001485059],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001307709,0.0002036593,0.004713341,0.00009520624,0.0004168232,1.046051e-7,0.0003360005,0.002726261,0.5169135,0.4342331,0.003706025,0.03664298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001594572,0.000001604622,0.0001252195,0.00002835007,0.00004765959,8.077979e-8,0.0005803675,0.00049387,0.6943512,0.302151,0.001977937,0.00008328306],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1607289,0.0001033074,0.7932434,0.001223543,0.00005867062,0.00004967782,0.00001245615,0.00002199755,0.0445581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982393,0.000001997555,0.0005416853,0.00002418246,0.0001072019,0.00001463529,0.00002850222,0.000003625379,0.00103883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8375105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2301391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416614306","doi":"10.1007/s10698-025-09556-y","title":"The chemical element category and classificatory norms: better understanding how science works","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Metaphysics; Inference; Element (criminal law); Sociology of scientific knowledge; Philosophy of language; Scientific discovery; Scientific theory","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05106783612637872,"gpt":0.2471393424514324,"spread":0.1960715063250537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002399107,0.00006761436,0.00006842726,0.00003987499,0.001294518,0.0003196731,0.0003139073,0.00002288705,0.00009257748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005180533,0.00005275023,0.00002678229,0.00008116585,0.004102921,0.0002980448,0.00007181652,0.0001123603,0.000001973681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001591534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001723408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004357602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001237515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999373,0.000004231698,0.0001249866,0.0001717358,0.000181719,0.0001443122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995357,0.00007804091,0.00006978682,0.0002040213,0.00007516367,0.00003730347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001481838,0.00004812979,0.00008143896,0.00007880066,0.00001908741,3.403752e-7,0.003235586,8.277977e-7,0.101652,0.8879233,0.00471977,0.002225827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007290252,0.00003752058,0.0001971341,0.0002853054,0.00008771471,0.000003394924,0.04564682,0.0004202873,0.1134925,0.3073838,0.5311761,0.0005403724],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2900028,0.0009403831,0.001175349,0.02948533,0.0007560703,0.0001999507,0.00001627784,0.00007587327,0.677348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975892,0.00001987018,0.00004529868,0.0001140484,0.00009083218,0.00001005866,0.0000032337,0.000002435056,0.002125028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7075864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400953546","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0","title":"The equilibrium box","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Gibbs free energy; Work (physics); Thermodynamics; Energy (signal processing); Physics; Equilibrium constant; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006707654497778176,"gpt":0.2716846889767956,"spread":0.2649770344790174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003992071,0.00004710275,0.00004531322,0.000003793009,0.000063092,0.00005083035,0.0001007269,0.00001173388,0.0004301469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001089958,0.00003490362,0.00004135937,0.00006688273,0.00004451343,0.00003907689,0.00002823832,0.00007006445,0.0000197705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008428286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004331185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002984825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.825565e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996635,0.000002949356,0.000107878,0.00007949,0.00006181905,0.00008437104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996459,0.0001345671,0.0000211899,0.0001444343,0.00003141108,0.00002249341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002367139,0.00001686567,0.00001141583,0.00002750468,0.0000417768,3.467854e-7,0.00002331794,0.00004937688,0.05108368,0.9131015,0.0002988197,0.03534301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006684569,0.000006642938,0.00001053918,0.00003066474,0.0000208609,6.490635e-7,0.0001362293,0.03864433,0.04181167,0.8739399,0.04523306,0.00009865513],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05220781,0.0002949274,0.7909148,0.0006393549,0.0003898232,0.00009517936,0.0002521654,0.0000612031,0.1551447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960974,0.000002234146,0.0009330925,0.000002323852,0.0001057782,0.00001005079,0.00004847962,0.000007846508,0.002792794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9438896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4709807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}