{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":70,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":70,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"7a8764ec8ae7","filters":{"venue":"Foundations of Physics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2297836247","doi":"10.1007/s10701-016-0057-0","title":"Bouncing Cosmologies: Progress and Problems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":365,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Focus (optics); Inflation (cosmology); Cosmology; Implementation; Cosmological model; Acceleration","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02672406168285755,"gpt":0.3072247067542754,"spread":0.2805006450714179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007970909,0.00006098196,0.00009593348,0.00001247649,0.0005133799,0.00008162486,0.0001300622,0.00001507326,0.00002537378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001956398,0.00005866013,0.00002869598,0.00002532966,0.0004717229,0.0002462526,0.00006661304,0.00005195176,0.000008690283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003940542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003581462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005176844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002923654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996539,0.00001333922,0.0001005044,0.00009818395,0.00005103216,0.00008306712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993907,0.00005112571,0.0001771609,0.0002629091,0.0001007544,0.00001730498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002635832,0.00004072232,0.186214,0.00001138547,0.00003263183,6.241977e-8,0.0004748063,0.000008142745,0.00008285158,0.7797751,0.00007987081,0.03327771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000190098,0.00002730893,0.04817073,0.00001634357,0.00001868341,1.844733e-7,0.0001966473,0.00002768736,0.001464782,0.9487253,0.001094089,0.0000681083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.956486,0.00006300533,0.03455129,0.0008545281,0.0002635672,0.0002895308,0.00006833058,0.00003329451,0.007390451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974527,5.469124e-7,0.002094683,0.000005875261,0.00008318957,0.00002524408,0.00003211596,0.000004779732,0.0003008433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1689502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3948556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026103473","doi":"10.1007/s10701-005-7353-4","title":"Quantum Pseudo-Telepathy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum information science; Quantum complexity theory; Quantum information; Quantum; Quantum computer; Communication complexity; Quantum network; Coherent information; Quantum algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0177680243232342,"gpt":0.2761742882151088,"spread":0.2584062638918746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005654257,0.00009324877,0.0001191674,0.00002591258,0.000133668,0.00002489825,0.0001655095,0.00001665467,0.0004745429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002452484,0.00009734929,0.00009756286,0.000210465,0.00003680565,0.0001686391,0.00003520272,0.00007593481,0.0003503235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001231043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005668755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004706188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002179451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993893,0.00001026628,0.0002064982,0.0001423493,0.0001143343,0.0001372527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993762,0.00003442865,0.0001205465,0.0003182751,0.0001070306,0.00004345994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.295849e-7,0.0002095819,0.0002511911,0.000002408584,0.00002036934,1.270509e-8,0.00007809801,0.0001038995,0.002959563,0.9678558,0.000861181,0.02765694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002895986,0.00003006774,0.0002671648,0.00001044201,0.00003811452,2.051906e-7,0.0001470887,0.03501537,0.01924618,0.892997,0.05176245,0.0001962986],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3993702,0.00001308595,0.5870368,0.0006177371,0.000120697,0.0002234715,0.0001262991,0.00005051535,0.01244118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957507,0.000002014504,0.003309065,0.00002677761,0.0005527094,0.00004247767,0.0001253184,0.00001466215,0.0001763051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5963805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5195912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073846519","doi":"10.1007/s10701-011-9616-6","title":"Limited Holism and Real-Vector-Space Quantum Theory","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Holism; Quantum; Quantum state; Mathematics; Quantum system; State vector; Quantum tomography; Quantum process; Vector space; State space; Theoretical physics; Statistical physics; Pure mathematics; Physics; Quantum mechanics; Statistics; Quantum dynamics; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03325787446893962,"gpt":0.2658584800694646,"spread":0.2326006056005249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009550164,0.0001065268,0.0001326027,0.00003062727,0.0001452466,0.00002086299,0.0001261128,0.00002323084,0.0002086093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004381509,0.000106241,0.00005908572,0.0001916362,0.00008236585,0.0001357264,0.00005172815,0.00007603082,0.00004035264],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006169239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004064585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003230271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002492384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994324,0.00002740158,0.0001621056,0.0001666409,0.00008030044,0.0001311185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993265,0.00006717523,0.0001316558,0.0003188135,0.000101832,0.00005398065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004146959,0.0001498971,0.0005480902,0.000004892469,0.00003590106,4.192347e-8,0.0005429921,8.894777e-7,0.002780386,0.9915351,0.0001244055,0.004273311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001741633,0.00003313471,0.003915982,0.00001057798,0.00004536639,1.498613e-7,0.0003797431,0.001039537,0.006754527,0.9864017,0.001117528,0.0001276055],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6086544,0.00002436572,0.3595487,0.0001334005,0.0001462047,0.0003153955,0.0001360245,0.0000629531,0.03097853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983025,0.00001301747,0.001264486,0.00001046025,0.000128486,0.00003861789,0.00007144357,0.00001736883,0.0001536732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.389648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4332381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995363652","doi":"10.1007/s10701-009-9404-8","title":"A Quantum-Bayesian Route to Quantum-State Space","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum probability; Quantum state; Representation (politics); Quantum; State space; Space (punctuation); Simple (philosophy); Quantum operation; Quantum process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01300895593867348,"gpt":0.2770323407046852,"spread":0.2640233847660117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001134649,0.00016731,0.0002008407,0.00006026796,0.0002200455,0.00007193036,0.000315455,0.0000281222,0.0002854997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001097157,0.0001755197,0.0001286661,0.0004644094,0.00005432755,0.0001695098,0.0000773055,0.0002195111,0.0003294847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000118346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001293918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004195777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004257757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989965,0.00001531859,0.0002869361,0.0002683986,0.0001812174,0.0002516054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988092,0.00006454428,0.0001686034,0.0006165899,0.0002008838,0.0001401659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003435508,0.0001977661,0.0005011379,0.00000492359,0.00003014189,8.180066e-8,0.0002307076,0.00009802529,0.03176301,0.9601606,0.0007186187,0.006291584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000237341,0.00005289859,0.0005324407,0.00001422317,0.00003231398,3.146389e-7,0.0001456572,0.01735074,0.02179618,0.9304301,0.02913951,0.0002682642],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4058306,0.000001436742,0.590084,0.000765969,0.0002679111,0.0003037695,0.0002287195,0.00004121403,0.002476377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947464,7.119689e-7,0.004378847,0.00004297028,0.0003269427,0.0001012796,0.0001362777,0.00003098277,0.0002355487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5889158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7157484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049796187","doi":"10.1007/s10701-011-9598-4","title":"Addressing the Clumsiness Loophole in a Leggett-Garg Test of Macrorealism","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Protocol (science); Test (biology); Quantum; Relevance (law); Property (philosophy); Adiabatic process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09657603529232707,"gpt":0.3151186446856514,"spread":0.2185426093933244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000943422,0.00008127464,0.0001326474,0.00002970405,0.00009264727,0.00001320458,0.0002248794,0.00001680332,0.0001028345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007053424,0.00006709633,0.00006412445,0.0003327233,0.0000932483,0.0001027643,0.00005254741,0.00008690562,0.00001200096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007141157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006582138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009351451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000241164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994149,0.00001587598,0.0002478564,0.0001125867,0.00009472478,0.0001140716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992571,0.00007813847,0.0001942315,0.0003326139,0.0001191696,0.00001874496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002749365,0.0005318551,0.00470903,0.00001229605,0.00001799193,7.178712e-8,0.0008976275,0.0000330106,0.005924689,0.9780295,0.0001606269,0.009680513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005008189,0.00003813548,0.01283608,0.00008303161,0.00005016381,2.626349e-7,0.0008894779,0.005410527,0.06867778,0.9100614,0.001266599,0.0001856921],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8083478,0.00003759552,0.1686843,0.0002543182,0.0001540535,0.0005621207,0.0004001484,0.00002305726,0.02153659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989576,0.00000176034,0.0007862893,0.00001083752,0.00008352065,0.00004649843,0.00006650139,0.00001148218,0.00003553107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1906098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2736109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203465787","doi":"10.1007/s10701-022-00579-5","title":"Relational Quantum Mechanics is About Facts, Not States: A Reply to Pienaar and Brukner","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Interpretations of quantum mechanics; Interpretation (philosophy); Minority interpretations of quantum mechanics; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Theoretical physics; Consistent histories; Philosophy; Copenhagen interpretation; Relational quantum mechanics; Quantum mechanics; Physics; EPR paradox; Quantum; Mathematics; Quantum process; Quantum dynamics; Quantum entanglement; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02806954535388282,"gpt":0.2712920783561898,"spread":0.243222533002307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000154471,0.000130485,0.0001623452,0.00005903336,0.0005382033,0.00004067614,0.0001746964,0.00001312425,0.0006973234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006542791,0.0001482548,0.00007817823,0.0003828665,0.00002243251,0.000140536,0.0002017017,0.0001606225,0.00005065337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000354481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002079333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001469979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989212,0.00002882928,0.0002944618,0.00029346,0.000284371,0.000177634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999143,0.00008153205,0.0001795791,0.0003685332,0.0001433515,0.00008398415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007467568,0.0001573063,0.0001056163,0.000005303356,0.00004182191,6.506689e-8,0.0007010483,0.001028889,0.001217642,0.9904242,0.003436698,0.002873941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002847884,0.00009939666,0.000272038,0.000008669607,0.00003950625,4.96279e-7,0.0007160079,0.04471188,0.001359661,0.8171577,0.135134,0.0002158251],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2148595,0.00002100853,0.7776666,0.00362962,0.0002140846,0.0006113429,0.002249514,0.00004789192,0.0007003375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966088,0.000003759491,0.00161038,0.0007012167,0.0001083423,0.0002067977,0.0004983642,0.0000250056,0.0002373376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7817492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7635202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027641345","doi":"10.1007/s10701-004-1980-z","title":"Modal Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity: A Reconsideration","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; University of Maryland","keywords":"Relational quantum mechanics; Minority interpretations of quantum mechanics; Interpretations of quantum mechanics; Theory of relativity; Problem of time; Modal; Consistent histories; Theoretical physics; Measurement problem; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Relativistic mechanics; Physics; Quantum process; Quantum; Quantum mechanics; Quantum gravity; Quantum dynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01926110233123994,"gpt":0.2745670676424538,"spread":0.2553059653112138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009499933,0.0000882406,0.0001547195,0.00004540943,0.0001134666,0.00002001016,0.0000685194,0.00002406407,0.0000945039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001251256,0.00009620286,0.0000634379,0.0001709428,0.00003269321,0.0002749542,0.00003558298,0.0000809785,0.00001193679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001096834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006735059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004882399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000958933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993598,0.00002299088,0.0002959402,0.0001402688,0.00009457067,0.00008643715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992573,0.0001066971,0.0002273218,0.0002167345,0.0001591203,0.00003277497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002170062,0.0001403958,0.0001287709,0.00000706009,0.000034529,6.875303e-9,0.0003776471,0.0004603534,0.003649123,0.9789882,0.00006538472,0.01614634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001575143,0.00002958811,0.00007241603,0.00001755471,0.0000372274,2.262529e-7,0.0001748779,0.2525398,0.005768532,0.740649,0.0004772297,0.0000760895],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1171139,0.0000136996,0.8812504,0.0003506653,0.00003968446,0.0001676027,0.00009291199,0.00001307168,0.0009579946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934869,0.000004620456,0.006250364,0.00001206266,0.00008979118,0.00003412198,0.00008203309,0.00001114309,0.00002891862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8763731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3923039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2987420910","doi":"10.1007/s10701-019-00312-9","title":"Neither Presentism nor Eternalism","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Foundational Questions Institute","keywords":"Presentism; Dilemma; Epistemology; Context (archaeology); Philosophy of science; Mathematics; Philosophy; Theoretical physics; Physics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02666672850906023,"gpt":0.3320235163535378,"spread":0.3053567878444776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006707467,0.00005047705,0.00007665023,0.00001535336,0.00003170464,0.00001305349,0.0002111588,0.00002745057,0.002932308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001090003,0.00004485547,0.00005118682,0.0001478103,0.0001327648,0.0001170075,0.00003652711,0.00006143579,0.002562999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006198145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001088608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004875795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.057865e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995009,0.00003064731,0.0001010882,0.0001327101,0.0001196882,0.0001149448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994837,0.00007688709,0.00005689243,0.0003115039,0.00003937999,0.00003164673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005802118,0.0000954801,0.001200429,0.000003041306,0.00001668447,2.850893e-7,0.0002881095,0.00001028583,0.00164353,0.9931701,0.0001815426,0.003384712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002696171,0.00006008226,0.0158427,0.000009214123,0.00001144768,0.000001109428,0.00002695904,0.0001336361,0.001455581,0.9731956,0.008907704,0.00008635957],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4097884,0.0000104411,0.006350443,0.0003603613,0.0008152538,0.0001198726,0.00001864152,0.00002029581,0.5825163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958032,5.224803e-7,0.0002431057,0.00008611518,0.0001852163,0.000006824118,0.00000674552,0.00000595511,0.00366229],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5860148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057357748","doi":"10.1007/s10701-010-9458-7","title":"Properties of QBist State Spaces","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum state; Quantum; Bounded function; Mathematics; Quantum probability; State (computer science); Representation (politics); State space; Space (punctuation); Characterization (materials science); Quantum operation; Probability amplitude; Probability distribution; Theoretical physics; Pure mathematics; Quantum process; Statistical physics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Physics; Quantum dynamics; Mathematical analysis; Statistics; Law; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01883522459761827,"gpt":0.2564309240813536,"spread":0.2375956994837353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004597153,0.00006274888,0.0001028801,0.0000182887,0.00007268912,0.00001859531,0.0001270461,0.00001018027,0.0001082587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003263679,0.00005692507,0.00005519627,0.0001300833,0.00008302456,0.00009686813,0.00002995637,0.00007836073,0.00002175326],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001916085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006573935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001993131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009708818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995835,0.00000536422,0.0001598026,0.0000856042,0.00008820259,0.00007752518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994202,0.0000141918,0.000144592,0.0002462282,0.0001516195,0.00002311743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001225587,0.0001304704,0.0004355175,0.000009295124,0.00001902943,4.348334e-9,0.000126249,0.00001820283,0.2377767,0.7534109,0.00007104898,0.008001369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000151576,0.00002085725,0.0002209422,0.000014468,0.0000224983,5.495645e-8,0.0001595293,0.001535268,0.5302367,0.4582963,0.009238115,0.0001036757],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9603077,0.000005651356,0.0369173,0.00009189219,0.0001016116,0.0001321977,0.00008885866,0.00001122821,0.00234362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984798,9.96784e-7,0.001199792,0.000002928434,0.00009622079,0.00002464394,0.00003212827,0.000008645246,0.0001547772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2951147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2321337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106738510","doi":"10.1007/s10701-011-9597-5","title":"Testing Born’s Rule in Quantum Mechanics for Three Mutually Exclusive Events","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Upper and lower bounds; Quantum; Interference (communication); Mathematics; Nonlinear system; Interferometry; Order (exchange); Path (computing); Philosophy of science; Physics; Statistical physics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08128237126603545,"gpt":0.2817454630961691,"spread":0.2004630918301337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001611279,0.0001006126,0.0001444899,0.00005092784,0.0001502115,0.00002842739,0.0006691352,0.00003361401,0.000002572228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007339001,0.00009775699,0.00006396944,0.0004899454,0.00001602983,0.0003796586,0.0003148666,0.00009099093,0.000006109899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002067366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007941694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005076165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002925943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991141,0.00002338057,0.0002611139,0.000236495,0.0001382927,0.0002266401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990538,0.0002196737,0.0001823959,0.0003491984,0.0001591929,0.00003576878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001187938,0.0003930966,0.002509504,0.00006532925,0.00003248065,0.000003174421,0.001266384,0.02345627,0.00222041,0.8655919,0.00008912964,0.1043604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001696865,0.00005734942,0.002579684,0.00004223507,0.000003543406,7.422835e-7,0.00001464326,0.5728295,0.0005105764,0.4236831,0.00002544888,0.00008350732],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07440803,0.00001260504,0.924538,0.00007171091,0.0003507176,0.000258705,0.00000319913,0.0000471365,0.0003099001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8825859,0.00000104032,0.1172266,0.00002866252,0.0001096768,0.00002133832,0.00000559197,0.00001025175,0.00001099955],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8081778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3986414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052315678","doi":"10.1007/s10701-010-9429-z","title":"Three Slit Experiments and the Structure of Quantum Theory","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Slit; Double-slit experiment; Physics; Philosophy of science; Quantum; Theoretical physics; Quantum mechanics; Classical mechanics; Optics; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01179165523451927,"gpt":0.2711774235467637,"spread":0.2593857683122445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008140015,0.00007161565,0.0001197308,0.00001249598,0.0001194485,0.00001724252,0.0001542334,0.00001773647,0.0001961596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000576208,0.00005080383,0.00005477688,0.00009690402,0.0002049767,0.00006605968,0.00004983449,0.0001081554,0.000003300954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001465388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003124903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007851328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005651652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995789,0.00001351353,0.0001546513,0.00009588125,0.00008595055,0.00007111576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993252,0.000106415,0.000145441,0.0003209553,0.00008191149,0.00002009227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006342993,0.0000481089,0.0002501884,0.00000327924,0.00003288519,2.759697e-9,0.0002110877,0.000002993528,0.05119932,0.9442682,0.00003110341,0.003946499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003598246,0.000008687337,0.0003257017,0.000003597323,0.00002739347,7.722951e-8,0.0001777919,0.002707413,0.04495451,0.9510017,0.0003835118,0.00004976451],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7567623,0.00001246543,0.2420247,0.0001009153,0.0001089444,0.0001995,0.0001127587,0.000005904324,0.0006724193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990616,7.985702e-7,0.0007375684,0.0000078669,0.0001216416,0.00001203155,0.00003820891,0.000008066957,0.00001215794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2422993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.214781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1816512362","doi":"10.1023/a:1022314632647","title":"Discrete Spectra of Charged Black Holes","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg Institute for Theoretical Physics; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Black hole (networking); Black hole thermodynamics; Horizon; Discrete spectrum; Fuzzball; Quantization (signal processing); Extremal black hole; Classical mechanics; Charged black hole; Theoretical physics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01645708342932592,"gpt":0.2485368928979849,"spread":0.232079809468659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003176385,0.0001216335,0.0002232676,0.00002222333,0.00005867355,0.00001631418,0.0001760166,0.00002012597,0.001123202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003363285,0.0001165378,0.0001698363,0.0001991682,0.0005783197,0.0001502561,0.00004221672,0.0001017133,0.0001967516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006080572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001300098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001684387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.320948e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992636,0.00002147121,0.0002524088,0.0001441399,0.000157805,0.0001605353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992949,0.00005508542,0.0001685168,0.0003294584,0.0001051734,0.00004685884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000270056,0.0002812044,0.0007889598,0.00001784466,0.0000606124,4.410522e-8,0.0002764188,0.0001148955,0.0009329845,0.9910454,0.0002524414,0.006226527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003246043,0.00005331378,0.0002729718,0.00002585318,0.00005494956,4.117127e-8,0.0001507992,0.001883334,0.03523971,0.9611651,0.0006792512,0.0001500797],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3027959,0.00003310011,0.4093533,0.0003211539,0.0001730175,0.0003525871,0.0003972596,0.00004444707,0.2865292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984943,0.000004975139,0.0007665653,0.000007876706,0.0002952604,0.000004702946,0.0000677875,0.00001791443,0.0003405694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6956984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987111214","doi":"10.1023/b:foop.0000044101.51344.93","title":"Consequence for Wavefunction Collapse Model of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Experiment","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Observatory; Neutrino; Wave function; Dissociation (chemistry); Nuclear physics; Astrophysics; Quantum mechanics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0684477669499629,"gpt":0.3214271618249888,"spread":0.2529793948750259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008519475,0.0001188114,0.0001750925,0.00002656609,0.0001699797,0.00001919976,0.0002943596,0.00002309394,0.00001567104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002675172,0.0001050892,0.0001887576,0.0002887757,0.0002244124,0.0002112206,0.00009548821,0.0001004018,0.000005550068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008132181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005785868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001770414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002569736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990918,0.00002263994,0.000264592,0.0001809409,0.0002561979,0.0001838152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998778,0.00009203179,0.000205274,0.0004878897,0.0003972359,0.0000395998],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001826801,0.0003197053,0.0005006067,0.00002815929,0.00004567091,2.280235e-8,0.0001775427,0.05890305,0.2143625,0.7246602,0.00006150379,0.0009228406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007552311,0.00004851701,0.0002655821,0.00002803032,0.00002735114,8.334932e-8,0.0001344389,0.002837277,0.887287,0.1083894,0.0001273452,0.00009980925],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8517051,0.00001262542,0.1431959,0.0001964129,0.0001806194,0.0009148213,0.0002419409,0.00001565116,0.003536924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981754,0.000001187427,0.001249442,0.0000155022,0.0001266022,0.0001671115,0.0000442244,0.00001857761,0.0002019979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6729245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4285413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983664501","doi":"10.1007/s10701-013-9754-0","title":"Frequently Asked Questions About Shape Dynamics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Theoretical physics; Gauge theory; General relativity; Conformal symmetry; Theory of relativity; Four-force; Introduction to gauge theory; Symmetry (geometry); Classical mechanics; Physics; Doubly special relativity; Conformal map; Mathematics; Mathematical physics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008114317755554186,"gpt":0.2485155239877364,"spread":0.2404012062321823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004446621,0.0001574037,0.000199487,0.00002800735,0.000160264,0.00008123197,0.000228762,0.00003394239,0.001674044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007119304,0.000156569,0.0001560047,0.0002689527,0.0002360526,0.0003761268,0.00006614807,0.0001613924,0.0006632291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000321322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006802993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003764212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000349671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991142,0.00002998043,0.0002774658,0.0001899586,0.0001611425,0.0002272228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990133,0.00008159702,0.0001426833,0.0003885739,0.0002856646,0.00008816632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.8496e-7,0.0002365671,0.002246629,0.000008376768,0.0000528284,3.38041e-8,0.00005992302,0.0001154007,0.0001560537,0.9620919,0.0003459065,0.03468541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002031435,0.00002869402,0.00283127,0.00002406512,0.0000423877,8.763448e-8,0.0001343799,0.01666423,0.0007956408,0.9787295,0.0003732015,0.0001733861],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4412068,0.00001541889,0.411592,0.0006262345,0.000338964,0.0006222249,0.000327199,0.0001082206,0.1451629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964015,0.000001517165,0.002376119,0.00003677272,0.0003320297,0.00005787135,0.0003910534,0.00002675156,0.0003763374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5551947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3037034175","doi":"10.1007/s10701-021-00429-w","title":"Stable Facts, Relative Facts","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Foundational Questions Institute; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Theory of relativity; Quantum decoherence; Ontology; Quantum; General relativity; Kullback–Leibler divergence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02660593794092699,"gpt":0.2823225764268852,"spread":0.2557166384859583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003941305,0.00008704648,0.0001284777,0.00001564169,0.0001581929,0.00003567558,0.00009682884,0.00001812439,0.0007165205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000080559,0.00009429476,0.00008508102,0.0002934896,0.00002939795,0.0002339635,0.00005119524,0.00009391902,0.0001568259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001442878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001690739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006082232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003210806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994005,0.00001860927,0.0001729162,0.0001618026,0.0001150692,0.0001310958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992217,0.0000662419,0.0001167454,0.0003077229,0.0002436388,0.00004390836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[5.864848e-7,0.0001701595,0.0003353906,0.000004295037,0.00004885869,9.588148e-8,0.0001203852,0.00007257429,0.004911872,0.989283,0.0004489156,0.004603842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001835437,0.00001236392,0.0003800392,0.00001365183,0.00003574968,1.323094e-7,0.0003263076,0.001151759,0.07477226,0.8990679,0.02393259,0.0001236912],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1035513,0.00002715896,0.8561982,0.0003653218,0.000140153,0.0001736715,0.0003173666,0.00003107679,0.03919571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957646,0.000003050472,0.002574419,0.00001733106,0.0001243128,0.00002577224,0.0004373446,0.00001263019,0.001040505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8922133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7845398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2581847351","doi":"10.1007/s10701-017-0090-7","title":"SICs and Algebraic Number Theory","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Algebraic and Geometric Analysis","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Algebraic number theory; Algebraic number; Connection (principal bundle); Algebra over a field; Algebraic theory; Galois theory; Galois connection; Real algebraic geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05320522140530954,"gpt":0.3566772139740858,"spread":0.3034719925687763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002232856,0.00009590737,0.0002036615,0.00003464657,0.0004191122,0.00007431009,0.0002390471,0.00004331593,0.00114997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00107969,0.00008795825,0.00008725101,0.0001409023,0.0002860781,0.0002718335,0.00012082,0.00007546225,0.0000950686],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001185478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003709472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001822877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007327465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993702,0.00002689152,0.0001839521,0.0001382086,0.0001667625,0.0001140475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982843,0.0005875667,0.0003046011,0.0006482458,0.000133661,0.00004166909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002589635,0.00006776664,0.002006874,0.00002688454,0.0001123492,3.088209e-7,0.0002056347,7.392246e-7,0.000009723334,0.9717997,0.003180246,0.02258722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001562118,0.00001047315,0.002388379,0.00001538691,0.0001445474,0.000001100956,0.0001231568,0.0001306891,0.0001759639,0.9945906,0.0021634,0.0001000395],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4289583,0.00007440305,0.4503753,0.0006238793,0.0002323166,0.0003296926,0.0002154132,0.0001110346,0.1190796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986124,0.00002021944,0.009553782,0.00002509959,0.0001285649,0.0000083469,0.00003067589,0.00001549037,0.004093827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5571657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040617109","doi":"10.1007/s10701-010-9422-6","title":"Consistent Histories in Quantum Cosmology","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum cosmology; Physics; Quantum state; Big Crunch; Theoretical physics; Quantum decoherence; Eternal inflation; Universe; Quantum mechanics; Quantum; Classical mechanics; De Sitter universe; Quantum gravity; Inflation (cosmology); Inflaton","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01730507824941939,"gpt":0.2908371536283773,"spread":0.2735320753789579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009703742,0.00008408604,0.0001686993,0.00003956604,0.00008153078,0.00001262524,0.000117841,0.00002172678,0.0001765997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001570915,0.00008610943,0.00006189312,0.0001590618,0.0003209823,0.0001297967,0.00003545173,0.0001794733,0.00002688244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001151806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008902961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002780223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006799019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994818,0.00003543852,0.0001913579,0.0001040279,0.00006839417,0.000118976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993886,0.0001545133,0.0001080454,0.000218511,0.0001061684,0.00002411421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006125739,0.0001784689,0.04443173,0.000004798415,0.0000174632,2.31546e-7,0.000685765,0.0000132928,0.005429381,0.9467172,0.0001021895,0.002413376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003298178,0.00004512654,0.003869761,0.000005537627,0.00001556301,3.996738e-7,0.0006417956,0.0001269671,0.01121925,0.9771702,0.006453603,0.0001219527],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830884,0.000005921888,0.007328731,0.0001557698,0.0004572256,0.00009388433,0.00005485282,0.00001169522,0.008803556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988072,3.085362e-7,0.0008120827,0.00001262275,0.0001196553,0.00001777739,0.00008926685,0.000007987172,0.0001331144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04056197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3511441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058794155","doi":"10.1007/s10701-014-9777-1","title":"Local Tomography and the Jordan Structure of Quantum Theory","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Industry Canada; University of Oxford; Government of Canada; Foundational Questions Institute","keywords":"Superselection; Probabilistic logic; Mathematics; Quantum; Quantum system; Qubit; Categorical quantum mechanics; Pure mathematics; Theoretical physics; Quantum operation; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Open quantum system; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005884742538645076,"gpt":0.2314434655502989,"spread":0.2255587230116538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001240175,0.00007517305,0.0001431736,0.00002111771,0.0001180995,0.00001472697,0.0001374805,0.00001480244,0.00005601153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005206392,0.00005330736,0.00008057419,0.0001788166,0.0003138601,0.00005406498,0.00003850719,0.00007196424,0.000001998215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000178808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002009249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005977921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001992077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995183,0.00005174898,0.0001666757,0.00009893267,0.00008759338,0.00007668748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992826,0.0001829215,0.0001491555,0.0002767779,0.00008660559,0.00002191444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007279265,0.00003819135,0.0001454434,0.00000719036,0.00003784985,1.531613e-9,0.0001387937,0.00005312197,0.001104127,0.9849893,0.00003522816,0.01344351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003685689,0.00001929117,0.0002705187,0.000007754386,0.00004481235,7.392101e-8,0.0002484219,0.01286947,0.007195211,0.9780979,0.0008223101,0.00005572876],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2186833,0.00001404895,0.7801369,0.0001102208,0.00003975584,0.0001258533,0.00006779755,0.00000558725,0.0008164581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994668,0.000001468526,0.0003601034,0.00001603743,0.00008400466,0.000009641885,0.0000433254,0.000007884298,0.00001070142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7807835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2173811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072461807","doi":"10.1007/s10701-004-1984-8","title":"Weak Measurements from the Point of View of Bohmian Mechanics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"De Broglie–Bohm theory; Weak measurement; Physics; Kinetic energy; Classical mechanics; Momentum (technical analysis); Quantum mechanics; Range (aeronautics); Position (finance); Wave–particle duality; Point (geometry); Quantum; Theoretical physics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03807480994011928,"gpt":0.2804717139990602,"spread":0.242396904058941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001373857,0.00009246921,0.0001842238,0.00001472961,0.00008511521,0.000009466578,0.0002817514,0.00001787997,0.0002562425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005426694,0.00007657253,0.0001300624,0.0002115649,0.00003616057,0.0001021638,0.00005501726,0.00006932946,0.00002505188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001207366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007578601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002918438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002076338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991985,0.00002237273,0.000357376,0.0001187237,0.0002072167,0.00009581212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988836,0.00006411554,0.0003356049,0.0004655518,0.0002255988,0.00002549473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002130586,0.0002951345,0.0002501651,0.000006860045,0.00009689992,1.926704e-9,0.0001840425,0.0001543361,0.01774697,0.956429,0.0003860074,0.02444844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004166732,0.00004242368,0.0003796489,0.00007536863,0.0001497297,3.702429e-8,0.0004611794,0.00620778,0.1458604,0.8317912,0.01447146,0.000144115],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1565302,0.000156506,0.8332161,0.001599797,0.0001815522,0.0007499427,0.0009361256,0.00002219709,0.006607559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969636,0.000007132248,0.002651244,0.0000194133,0.0001691293,0.00002666281,0.0001301557,0.00001186836,0.00002079854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8404334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3122537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113645261","doi":"10.1007/s10701-011-9601-0","title":"Perfect State Distinguishability and Computational Speedups with Postselected Closed Timelike Curves","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Closed timelike curve; Qubit; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Quantum; State (computer science); Quantum computer; Intersection (aeronautics); Quantum teleportation; Quantum entanglement; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Quantum channel; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01995736735350046,"gpt":0.2288134601483914,"spread":0.208856092794891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116379,0.00009269953,0.0001140476,0.00005592352,0.0001227695,0.00004953091,0.0002178464,0.00001303517,0.00002857131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003255721,0.0000812312,0.0000345579,0.0005195115,0.0001624519,0.0006000845,0.00005356527,0.0000654753,0.00001371497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009464888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009320776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004294239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008442414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992991,0.00003668312,0.0002018215,0.0001498868,0.0002010084,0.0001115114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990889,0.00007917597,0.000151283,0.0002307171,0.0004006151,0.00004928577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006104494,0.0007781525,0.04060772,0.0003933738,0.0001669902,0.000001412829,0.009693336,0.0006288058,0.0002331201,0.8917081,0.0009952317,0.05473277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00108742,0.0006680118,0.6553619,0.0001628694,0.00004001747,0.00001378429,0.00009192328,0.1314547,0.002675839,0.2075378,0.0004048341,0.0005009005],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3390909,0.00002415868,0.6558371,0.0001116152,0.00005048235,0.0002069496,0.0000233264,0.0001148449,0.00454072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9455321,0.000005755481,0.05428362,0.00009845051,0.00000955541,0.000005814542,0.00005168001,0.00000433988,0.000008685258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6841702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3312512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061126510","doi":"10.1007/s10701-014-9863-4","title":"Bell Inequalities, Experimental Protocols and Contextuality","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Kochen–Specker theorem; Probabilistic logic; Hidden variable theory; Postselection; Bell's theorem; Random variable; Quantum; Locality; Probability distribution; Quantum nonlocality","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04085522632512464,"gpt":0.3334682855624792,"spread":0.2926130592373546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009972022,0.00007756001,0.0001228641,0.00001200206,0.0001226927,0.00003056519,0.00008447669,0.0000131041,0.000116276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004121821,0.00007887721,0.00003860753,0.00007278976,0.00006110861,0.0001027336,0.00004538845,0.00004670286,0.0000162391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006534763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002673013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001083584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001158999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999494,0.00002823519,0.0001797085,0.0001264327,0.00008233103,0.00008925043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995139,0.00005568991,0.0001095316,0.0002208837,0.00006235083,0.00003762723],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001752414,0.0001654824,0.0004971533,0.000007625343,0.00001123912,2.905912e-9,0.0001989141,0.000002283113,0.004829003,0.9889212,0.0001219463,0.005243448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006047371,0.0001012206,0.0003378469,0.00002482352,0.00001418257,1.03674e-7,0.0006283129,0.003407916,0.07258353,0.8943502,0.02776213,0.0001849783],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4481655,0.000009529773,0.534816,0.0001595343,0.00005379353,0.003793796,0.0001725097,0.00004107759,0.01278829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973527,1.36369e-7,0.0007754859,0.00002135699,0.0001456706,0.001521192,0.00008294486,0.000008633453,0.00009183529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5491872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3216519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043493611","doi":"10.1007/s10701-008-9235-z","title":"Events and Observables in Generally Invariant Spacetime Theories","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Spacetime; Observable; Causal sets; Stationary spacetime; Spacetime topology; Theoretical physics; Scalar (mathematics); General relativity; Physics; Mathematical physics; Manifold (fluid mechanics); Invariant (physics); Einstein; Background independence; Coincidence; Quantum field theory in curved spacetime; Mathematics; Quantum gravity; Quantum mechanics; Quantum; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01920788084279521,"gpt":0.2558971329322159,"spread":0.2366892520894207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006573195,0.00006835219,0.0001132665,0.00002822224,0.0001193538,0.000006297163,0.00006160099,0.00001617705,0.00006918202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009951972,0.00006843446,0.00002723541,0.0001331173,0.0001522231,0.0001718404,0.00003083327,0.00005371609,0.00001087066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004971916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005811547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001591915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001468909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999597,0.00003906564,0.0001295401,0.00009551141,0.00005373523,0.00008517048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996607,0.0000863516,0.00006588979,0.0001150828,0.00005382402,0.00001816328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006219341,0.00006094341,0.2047806,0.000003080188,0.0000171037,2.401839e-7,0.0008024697,0.00007871931,0.0002316047,0.7930964,0.00004355076,0.0008790563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002484353,0.00001772082,0.08590505,0.000007744023,0.000007452561,5.144549e-7,0.0001706776,0.0000309995,0.001443808,0.9119001,0.0002009893,0.00006650577],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835333,0.00002717643,0.01368972,0.0002134268,0.00006221176,0.00009313236,0.00003637405,0.000008474114,0.002336199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959675,0.000002910943,0.003348498,0.00001894058,0.00006409152,0.00001334645,0.00007537341,0.000005340482,0.0005040059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1188755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2790676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792104807","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0218-4","title":"How Problematic is the Near-Euclidean Spatial Geometry of the Large-Scale Universe?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Theoretical physics; Flatness (cosmology); Physics; Cosmology; Euclidean geometry; Universe; General relativity; Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric; Metric expansion of space; Gravitation; Classical mechanics; Dark energy; Mathematics; Geometry; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009425239401314607,"gpt":0.2437262199790615,"spread":0.2343009805777469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001083504,0.00007201596,0.0001079765,0.00001501794,0.000371125,0.00003134243,0.000231067,0.0000184946,0.0002170034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001423428,0.00004689286,0.0001059492,0.0003084487,0.0005604242,0.0001214274,0.00009755814,0.00007976133,0.00002103483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006116192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007789472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006544526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002161445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995221,0.00005684634,0.0001187849,0.00008893079,0.0001122743,0.0001010781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990867,0.0001153293,0.0002123065,0.0003574377,0.0002150136,0.00001320649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007729611,0.0001447864,0.02399708,0.00002102776,0.000105354,1.422336e-8,0.004913637,0.00002677333,0.0004312341,0.9630764,0.001418513,0.005857429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002868711,0.00004996134,0.01303248,0.0000241734,0.00008306944,1.254021e-7,0.002603278,0.0003424343,0.01332082,0.9646592,0.005518172,0.00007944437],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.789669,0.000008144681,0.1978716,0.00599467,0.0004552039,0.0005174176,0.0003315804,0.000016345,0.005135982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976609,1.043876e-7,0.0009289391,0.00004123022,0.0001606313,0.00000688532,0.00002575269,0.000006381624,0.001169117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2079919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2854431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153767915","doi":"10.1007/s10701-021-00453-w","title":"On the Status of Newtonian Gravitational Radiation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Universität Bremen","keywords":"General relativity; Poisson distribution; Physics; Poisson's equation; Newtonian fluid; Limit (mathematics); Theory of relativity; Classical mechanics; Gravitation; Newtonian limit; Mathematical physics; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Quantum mechanics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01896627039528169,"gpt":0.2851869621445571,"spread":0.2662206917492754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007030305,0.00005832051,0.00008645464,0.00002081041,0.0001033256,0.00001397443,0.00006138536,0.00001272212,0.0004113585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006380658,0.00004993994,0.00008720451,0.0002390772,0.00008608332,0.0001136624,0.00001346242,0.00007191483,0.00003123544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001456309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002121936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003377792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001521019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994077,0.00007218082,0.000161025,0.00008397512,0.0001726953,0.0001024066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987229,0.0007209321,0.000151,0.0001641773,0.0002145983,0.00002640171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004911351,0.0001533147,0.002490119,0.00000440783,0.00005488917,3.53045e-8,0.00034094,0.002451368,0.00202233,0.9825121,0.0002949249,0.009670688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001806733,0.00002252958,0.01253972,0.00001469719,0.00001851241,4.607907e-8,0.0002995546,0.0003098711,0.01884502,0.9662464,0.001471276,0.00005175454],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.801132,0.00006518673,0.1351141,0.001701069,0.0003225706,0.0002987988,0.000760083,0.00001361306,0.06059248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979894,0.000002561805,0.0009430731,0.00003328628,0.00008633801,0.00001058035,0.000488956,0.000005802376,0.0004400101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1968573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4504088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607553992","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0198-4","title":"Oracles and Query Lower Bounds in Generalised Probabilistic Theories","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; European Research Council; Government of Canada; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; Villum Fonden","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Philosophy of science; Mathematics; Upper and lower bounds; Computer science; Discrete mathematics; Epistemology; Statistics; Philosophy; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02456499271190083,"gpt":0.2802312633087533,"spread":0.2556662705968525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001264677,0.00006678823,0.00009124064,0.00003575196,0.00008462564,0.000105882,0.0002262412,0.00002455517,0.000005685252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004521438,0.0000628458,0.00001701382,0.0002677741,0.0002537846,0.0003927842,0.00008353272,0.00004958527,0.00001023121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001418322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009531907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007700749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006140447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994605,0.00003147865,0.0001408645,0.0001682712,0.00009314995,0.0001057027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994324,0.00005699346,0.00005152234,0.0002835853,0.0001502545,0.00002522547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002524095,0.00005552741,0.000299895,0.000008907525,0.000003480664,2.451886e-7,0.0005639376,0.0001175766,0.0007974308,0.9872051,0.00004717079,0.01089816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001279793,0.00009029,0.001444848,0.00003013886,0.000004023654,9.339619e-7,0.00001524112,0.08246824,0.001608349,0.9138644,0.0002346208,0.0001108881],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2778789,0.00001616466,0.7207621,0.0002193526,0.0001378039,0.00005595242,0.000002612738,0.00003332066,0.0008938538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9734394,0.000004269036,0.0263513,0.0000605087,0.00008379014,0.000007804497,0.000003263448,0.000003881728,0.00004580764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6955605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2562777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793698889","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0163-2","title":"Quantum Gravity, Information Theory and the CMB","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spacetime; Causal sets; Quantum gravity; Physics; Quantum field theory in curved spacetime; Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity; Background independence; Theoretical physics; Spacetime topology; Cosmic microwave background; Quantization (signal processing); Planck; Quantum; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01056447262586073,"gpt":0.2792115139124227,"spread":0.2686470412865619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004068713,0.00007596828,0.0001166701,0.00002164751,0.0003090457,0.00005939871,0.0001196121,0.00001141705,0.00008273086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002604014,0.00005269709,0.00005208695,0.0001433922,0.0009896061,0.0004882441,0.00006963034,0.00007016211,0.00006708263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004073126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003265738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001220026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002964181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994815,0.0001264129,0.0001602869,0.00005499654,0.00009009306,0.00008670604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991205,0.0003431229,0.0001372839,0.0001987156,0.0001819462,0.00001837317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004822654,0.00002687922,0.001079365,0.000004584097,0.0000380438,4.726505e-9,0.002636242,0.000001360101,0.0000618429,0.9819667,0.0001395623,0.01399723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005286789,0.00003923689,0.001099698,0.000007937522,0.00003277222,1.331779e-7,0.00141789,0.0002466402,0.002663921,0.9911486,0.0027499,0.00006459185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5061817,0.00001751799,0.4654815,0.0004210384,0.0002376281,0.0002963362,0.0001159822,0.00002550467,0.02722286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993061,0.000001344024,0.0002677643,0.00005460314,0.0002211262,0.0000131472,0.00007257189,0.000004376262,0.0000589474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4931245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3646245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086223429","doi":"10.1007/s10701-008-9242-0","title":"Classicality without Decoherence: A Reply to Schlosshauer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum decoherence; Physics; Quantum mechanics; Interpretation (philosophy); Quantum dissipation; Interpretations of quantum mechanics; Quantum; Theoretical physics; Classical mechanics; Philosophy; Quantum dynamics; Quantum process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03827999735613945,"gpt":0.3108480438903685,"spread":0.272568046534229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006429091,0.0001031061,0.000159331,0.00002724601,0.00023932,0.00001937375,0.0001912621,0.00001626113,0.0002717774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009614145,0.0001040137,0.00009083303,0.0003539188,0.00006654802,0.0001183328,0.00005818129,0.00009091414,0.0002770174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000152671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001297583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002350498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002859222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992272,0.00001491771,0.0002329972,0.0002153113,0.0001580593,0.0001515349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991096,0.00003754019,0.0001116132,0.0004637072,0.0001878429,0.000089715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004317459,0.0002945681,0.006557871,0.000003811469,0.00003226004,8.136069e-8,0.0002165992,0.00004823985,0.002154545,0.9803455,0.00387893,0.006463288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005722589,0.0001081549,0.009581218,0.00003478141,0.00005499115,0.00000110887,0.0002289644,0.003683671,0.02064585,0.8806965,0.08394825,0.0004441868],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.498618,0.000002581897,0.4900461,0.0008326732,0.00008028789,0.0003232228,0.0000997575,0.00003870824,0.009958634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940272,7.315645e-7,0.004907105,0.0001316732,0.0002343311,0.0001073427,0.00007205887,0.0000136032,0.0005059678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4954092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4241557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396749630","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00756-8","title":"Eliminating the ‘Impossible’: Recent Progress on Local Measurement Theory for Quantum Field Theory","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Patras; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Quantum field theory; Theoretical physics; Physics; Measurement problem; Unitary state; Theory of relativity; Field (mathematics); Quantum; Philosophy of science; Reductio ad absurdum; Argument (complex analysis); Quantum mechanics; Epistemology; Mathematics; Philosophy; Law; Pure mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08703402533372956,"gpt":0.3758012322535698,"spread":0.2887672069198403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001057293,0.0003622548,0.0006113973,0.00006465036,0.0003575113,0.0001248732,0.0005176,0.00008306777,0.0001000522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004948802,0.0002348745,0.0006073379,0.0003999883,0.0001129842,0.00005534556,0.0001047904,0.0003963327,0.00009451331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009738772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005398364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003960896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.001124e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99825,0.0001628587,0.0005905825,0.0003919162,0.0003443979,0.0002602642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976608,0.0007979222,0.0004700147,0.0006942213,0.0003207043,0.0000563276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003010025,0.0001109904,2.461036e-8,0.0007926436,0.0001831949,2.630311e-8,0.00003814357,0.000002056765,3.059762e-7,0.5060936,0.0007858689,0.4919901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005355873,0.00007429545,2.648937e-8,0.002031576,0.0008726341,1.484621e-7,0.0001257627,0.0004522629,0.00004417493,0.5168452,0.4793459,0.0001544669],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001021395,0.482264,0.5129104,0.0003103235,0.0005232148,0.00213809,0.0003783091,0.00004366212,0.001431048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01751093,0.9629133,0.001210297,0.0001720827,0.003767031,0.01149687,0.001878885,0.0003993195,0.0006512635],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9577903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592050142","doi":"10.1023/b:foop.0000019624.51662.50","title":"A Gedanken Spacecraft that Operates Using the Quantum Vacuum (Dynamic Casimir Effect)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ducks Unlimited Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Casimir effect; Spacecraft; Vacuum energy; Spacecraft propulsion; Dissipative system; Quantum; Acceleration; QED vacuum; Propellant","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01363208140666611,"gpt":0.2906537628623023,"spread":0.2770216814556362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002104235,0.0002581021,0.0002862692,0.00004605965,0.0004339011,0.0001169333,0.0003066786,0.00003898266,0.00005218799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006769116,0.0001929079,0.0002342365,0.0003567867,0.0001512061,0.0002480507,0.00007828989,0.0002386076,0.0000335144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009392409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001995727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004944968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002604716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988441,0.00009336177,0.0002210288,0.0002638325,0.0002333714,0.0003442327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989896,0.0001698199,0.0001845698,0.0004945045,0.000107545,0.00005389359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006717982,0.0007296684,0.009934981,0.00009332473,0.0007365888,0.000006693233,0.001331739,0.0663947,0.1261925,0.7864373,0.00009373974,0.00798158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004205965,0.001043457,0.005087364,0.0002694685,0.0008476051,0.00002918044,0.0009641843,0.5281225,0.1114016,0.345905,0.0006712397,0.001452499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9042265,0.00003820423,0.09442514,0.0002416069,0.0001891913,0.0004442874,0.00005038737,0.00003085382,0.0003538036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989954,0.00000389002,0.0005758332,0.00002357127,0.000144676,0.0000462016,0.00011753,0.00004225305,0.00005062543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4617278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7866557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2544977854","doi":"10.1007/s10701-017-0127-y","title":"Interaction-Free Effects Between Distant Atoms","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Israel Science Foundation; European Research Council; Government of Canada","keywords":"Quantum entanglement; Quantum Zeno effect; Excited state; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Photon; Quantum; Multipartite; Atom (system on chip); Statistical physics; Theoretical physics; Open quantum system; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02251606413258733,"gpt":0.3122124359197349,"spread":0.2896963717871475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005366428,0.00009557513,0.0001529138,0.00001770876,0.0005201909,0.0001147873,0.0004782594,0.00001696934,0.00007413536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000177995,0.00009623124,0.0001002411,0.00005406119,0.0000672432,0.000277916,0.0001413778,0.00009254467,0.00008636669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001342927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003721342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001821081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004112182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994426,0.000010603,0.000168613,0.0001506212,0.0001105229,0.0001170118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984798,0.00009302354,0.0002815661,0.001010076,0.00008966623,0.00004582765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001158048,0.00009222295,0.006421104,0.0000100791,0.00005892394,4.354871e-8,0.00004554525,0.000003083812,0.0008077121,0.9761414,0.0004877724,0.01593099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003138,0.00002495841,0.008385072,0.00003070279,0.0000612015,4.20701e-8,0.00005099334,0.0007608375,0.01887399,0.965042,0.006328261,0.0001281389],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4997975,0.000004302588,0.4859529,0.0004355086,0.0004063175,0.0003103717,0.0002316863,0.00003146098,0.01283006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984353,7.396061e-7,0.0007083909,0.000004680597,0.0005472691,0.0000502315,0.0001385918,0.00001376731,0.0001010373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4986379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4000941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069610901","doi":"10.1007/s10701-013-9708-6","title":"Quaternionic Quantum Dynamics on Complex Hilbert Spaces","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum operation; Hilbert space; Quantum; Quantum process; Mathematics; Quantum dynamics; Quantum state; Formalism (music); Quantum channel; Operator (biology); Quantum algorithm; Quantum information; Pure mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02534491588445936,"gpt":0.2915571920505912,"spread":0.2662122761661318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005608564,0.000144413,0.000197059,0.00003863646,0.0001872988,0.00008059235,0.0001909133,0.00001845413,0.0007992263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005807065,0.0001333072,0.0001074445,0.0001693632,0.0001813388,0.0002765358,0.00004881385,0.0001113319,0.0006510927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002517854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004110767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001258702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001589429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999279,0.00005493463,0.0002040333,0.0001467613,0.0001434732,0.0001718641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991536,0.0001728574,0.0001601312,0.0003115231,0.0001580596,0.00004380938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004262807,0.0002295885,0.006137806,0.000007970971,0.00006393454,3.936875e-8,0.0002749031,0.0001544109,0.0004632064,0.9796252,0.0007008197,0.0123379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000316237,0.0001405232,0.005823516,0.00002750053,0.00003170256,1.145207e-7,0.00119676,0.01168062,0.002013096,0.976317,0.002237626,0.0002152403],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9099463,0.000006159324,0.06602271,0.0006971576,0.000188963,0.0002969174,0.0001676236,0.00003901247,0.02263515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981881,9.969111e-7,0.0005352881,0.00003374184,0.000163396,0.00003446996,0.0005452064,0.00001770836,0.0004810924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08824179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8750967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036979339","doi":"10.1007/s10701-009-9305-x","title":"Nonlocality Without Nonlocality","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum nonlocality; Impossibility; Spurious relationship; Denial; Philosophy of science; Quantum; Observer (physics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02105621834925274,"gpt":0.3034745162305029,"spread":0.2824182978812501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000102707,0.0001087367,0.0001654727,0.00001846224,0.0001504505,0.0000288043,0.0001797913,0.0000217637,0.0001769299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003811983,0.0001102729,0.0001082621,0.0002465446,0.00005076333,0.0001361014,0.00002344401,0.00009715338,0.00008328334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001384887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007330561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009218045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001858593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992654,0.00001972169,0.0002423525,0.0001800009,0.0001439574,0.0001485342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992082,0.00002686174,0.000139383,0.0004232612,0.0001448768,0.00005744272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002391416,0.0003573499,0.001124383,0.000002896745,0.0000176704,1.994089e-8,0.00004414152,0.00002128161,0.004440716,0.9728517,0.0002042794,0.02093316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024473,0.0000431693,0.002626112,0.00001017418,0.00003410036,1.034122e-7,0.00006124859,0.01424607,0.01030814,0.9675141,0.004754409,0.0001576317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09426232,0.000003776178,0.893595,0.0004175837,0.0000636172,0.0001939606,0.0001021091,0.00003682843,0.01132479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958762,6.857339e-7,0.003556956,0.00005999391,0.0002414536,0.00001615312,0.0001561547,0.000007533702,0.0000848771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9016139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4496798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006119480","doi":"10.1007/s10701-010-9496-1","title":"Geometrizing Relativistic Quantum Mechanics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Relativistic quantum mechanics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Relativistic mechanics; Philosophy of science; Quantum mechanics; Quantum; Theoretical physics; Quantum dissipation; Theory of relativity; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0183174980140517,"gpt":0.2752966720275108,"spread":0.2569791740134592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001245362,0.0001107031,0.0001457883,0.00005984884,0.0001982799,0.0000367102,0.0002038391,0.00003086637,0.0003759384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002298482,0.0001164851,0.00009923756,0.0004876518,0.00003424753,0.000149484,0.00005283666,0.0002409128,0.0001408554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006819587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007514254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004839416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002683149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992703,0.00001060911,0.0002388128,0.0001746858,0.0001466283,0.0001590293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990715,0.0001169487,0.0001831052,0.0004111146,0.0001615358,0.00005573094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[7.985432e-7,0.0001354411,0.0001462302,0.000004153204,0.00002423545,2.950265e-8,0.00004141784,0.00002805408,0.02016625,0.9730358,0.0001165355,0.006301062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001424187,0.00001910597,0.0001158714,0.000006387243,0.00003317435,1.833855e-7,0.00006118582,0.02416909,0.006432554,0.9647746,0.004119799,0.0001255958],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1042349,0.000002762338,0.8913304,0.0001070634,0.0003119773,0.0001600338,0.00008168075,0.00003400562,0.003737193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967487,7.243237e-7,0.002672423,0.000008862527,0.0002856386,0.00003672555,0.0001324195,0.00002004208,0.00009446233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8925138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4750126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171840069","doi":"10.1007/s10701-015-9939-9","title":"Bootstrapping Time Dilation Decoherence","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum decoherence; Gravitational time dilation; Quantum; Hamiltonian (control theory); Gravitation; Dilation (metric space); Quantum gravity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04648882102365075,"gpt":0.3110038545391181,"spread":0.2645150335154673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009396461,0.00006968701,0.0001053944,0.00002009258,0.00007443094,0.00002530843,0.00009467296,0.00001086289,0.0001410416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009689889,0.00007129148,0.00004658489,0.0001836531,0.00008499961,0.0002842303,0.0000277314,0.00005222093,0.0001966799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001190641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008554084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007041109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001028791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995589,0.00003177284,0.0001358664,0.00008301147,0.0001036117,0.00008682553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994659,0.00006431368,0.0001071658,0.0001563535,0.0001660033,0.00004023941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009897298,0.000181018,0.01427701,0.000006470746,0.00006349802,7.231642e-8,0.001380558,0.001289996,0.003731297,0.9569195,0.000781311,0.02135938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000347016,0.00006018455,0.001284465,0.00002078266,0.00002866079,1.110443e-7,0.000637211,0.002921535,0.02075833,0.9708,0.002992216,0.000149498],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4160379,0.00001415253,0.525848,0.00007522909,0.0001085679,0.0001390454,0.00006036889,0.0000323026,0.0576844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981173,1.515919e-7,0.001187067,0.000005148999,0.0001630633,0.000008239452,0.0001273354,0.0000069345,0.0003848204],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5820793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2907182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156488885","doi":"10.1007/s10701-005-6478-9","title":"Closed Timelike Curves and Time Travel: Dispelling the Myth","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Closed timelike curve; Spacetime; Einstein; Theory of relativity; Physics; General relativity; Theoretical physics; Warp drive; Classical mechanics; Metric (unit); Space time; Element (criminal law); Mathematical physics; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01319098284516059,"gpt":0.2138698148825246,"spread":0.200678832037364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001499252,0.00005885182,0.00008638106,0.00001315819,0.0001409311,0.00002416312,0.00008494156,0.00001612784,0.0003256361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001071956,0.00004120523,0.00003088441,0.0001149708,0.00008040782,0.0001878048,0.000004333681,0.0000529682,0.0003608067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000152056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002597108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003685903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002097574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995092,0.00003357085,0.0001428394,0.00009183343,0.0001286041,0.00009393193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996383,0.0000963456,0.00007520492,0.0001272609,0.00003618458,0.00002673465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000349843,0.0001577589,0.07793185,0.0002927506,0.0001588362,7.56244e-7,0.002658931,0.01984551,0.001721875,0.02396104,0.02979583,0.8434399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005075567,0.0001649997,0.5942308,0.0002815522,0.000106073,0.000008599224,0.0003317525,0.3401539,0.0007103565,0.01507612,0.04803146,0.0003967798],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9163356,0.006955253,0.01359791,0.0072009,0.0003891923,0.0008567867,0.0002934402,0.00009200761,0.05427884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979087,0.0001507291,0.000556344,0.0002274461,0.0002146732,5.373263e-7,0.0001005224,0.000002032973,0.0008390402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8430431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4637561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044354556","doi":"10.1007/s10701-020-00371-3","title":"The Science of $${\\Theta \\Delta }^{\\text{cs}}$$","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Sketch; Von Neumann architecture; Theoretical physics; Physical science; Second law of thermodynamics; Physics; Philosophy of science; Entropy (arrow of time); Epistemology; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics; Pure mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01934098755099637,"gpt":0.2852475051208734,"spread":0.265906517569877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007941017,0.00006968488,0.0001141878,0.000009502659,0.0002301348,0.00002492631,0.0003319013,0.000007770518,0.00004398434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004251952,0.00005389082,0.00005544979,0.0003707758,0.000330795,0.0001218813,0.00008968238,0.00007286643,0.00001180352],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007939847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001132887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001624529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.557316e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993441,0.00001124909,0.0001952511,0.0001266622,0.0001893405,0.0001333582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992238,0.0001324673,0.0001491308,0.0002294376,0.0002107348,0.00005444378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000436464,0.00003493435,0.00002240219,0.000004294752,0.00001359088,2.094352e-8,0.0001128098,0.0006894821,0.009241864,0.9541228,0.00001590487,0.03573755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001546658,0.00006245272,0.0000720496,0.000007626084,0.00001973229,3.193548e-8,0.0002337493,0.1110284,0.0176059,0.8698509,0.0008784804,0.00008597306],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02501938,0.00001077604,0.965562,0.0004330003,0.0000991943,0.000130926,0.0001994848,0.000009814112,0.008535406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996064,0.000002241187,0.003777065,0.00001099734,0.00007982361,0.000005077149,0.00001871182,0.000008081152,0.00003401949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9710446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2197604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040129259","doi":"10.1007/s10701-014-9792-2","title":"Quantum Control in Foundational Experiments","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum entanglement; Quantum; Physics; Photon; Context (archaeology); Quantum mechanics; Theoretical physics; Quantum control; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01896902687951624,"gpt":0.2903914030160187,"spread":0.2714223761365025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001073242,0.00008903058,0.0001402922,0.00004084347,0.00008495498,0.00002457979,0.0001406867,0.00001653365,0.0002736415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005676515,0.00009615887,0.00006258971,0.0001926228,0.00003836251,0.0001393293,0.00002100459,0.00006676318,0.00009244271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001557558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004979528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009706201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002749275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999322,0.00002828841,0.0002423236,0.0001495588,0.0001280788,0.0001297699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999459,0.00008400665,0.0001227492,0.0002345738,0.00006684364,0.0000328743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002505248,0.0002236617,0.0028481,0.000002385694,0.00001474519,9.012338e-9,0.00004944015,0.0001630767,0.00337206,0.9897223,0.0001001853,0.003501567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007709989,0.00002663372,0.001574616,0.00001145414,0.00001160674,5.467747e-8,0.00006580043,0.06779372,0.003262483,0.9214205,0.004939913,0.0001222847],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1662832,0.000003132182,0.8283718,0.0001984744,0.0001071838,0.0001884726,0.00004522431,0.00001395018,0.004788649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987401,3.368719e-7,0.0007267134,0.00003383487,0.0001924785,0.00009575885,0.000156854,0.00001133893,0.00004258126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8324569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3921245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1952233852","doi":"10.1023/a:1025633817361","title":"The Energy of a Dynamical Wave-Emitting System in General Relativity","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Theory of relativity; General relativity; Energy (signal processing); State (computer science); Physics; Motion (physics); Classical mechanics; Spinning; Computer science; Theoretical physics; Algorithm; Quantum mechanics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009544095704929105,"gpt":0.2345616558872022,"spread":0.225017560182273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001740439,0.00009378031,0.0001827045,0.00001545498,0.0001070743,0.00001602662,0.0001044083,0.00002446085,0.00001095822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001394785,0.00007494002,0.0001099626,0.0002112042,0.0001832394,0.00008418563,0.00003478743,0.0001120364,0.00000312461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002771733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006207579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001466902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006104742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991825,0.0001034778,0.0003037034,0.0001209048,0.0001297902,0.0001595767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999213,0.0002391311,0.0001696205,0.0002634056,0.00008681323,0.00002807661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003514971,0.0001195546,0.001957403,0.00001123006,0.00002766044,7.590189e-8,0.00007370715,0.0003187063,0.0002848362,0.9912135,0.000009398364,0.005980391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002924809,0.00002212845,0.0006479996,0.00004255461,0.00002197231,1.797513e-7,0.0003013395,0.01312213,0.008412009,0.9766943,0.000341124,0.000101819],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5931384,0.00001970618,0.336971,0.00003278595,0.0001549798,0.0001335601,0.00003728906,0.00001424231,0.06949802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989797,8.096736e-7,0.000784434,0.000002345477,0.00008675459,0.00001105975,0.00002055587,0.00001161979,0.0001027159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4058413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3055965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515508909","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0193-9","title":"Quanta and Qualia","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Industry Canada; Government of Canada; Foundational Questions Institute","keywords":"Qualia; Sketch; Credence; Quantum; Consciousness; Philosophy of science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02711417283634479,"gpt":0.3133890149713245,"spread":0.2862748421349797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004580039,0.00005533847,0.00007468047,0.00001474969,0.0001308197,0.00002024276,0.00007418272,0.000009944584,0.0002093848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002145889,0.00005584414,0.0000281103,0.0001279405,0.00008847797,0.00008184914,0.00003310208,0.00003295502,0.00008300297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000298613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002566799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009734777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003503735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996397,0.000007965371,0.0001140867,0.0001029459,0.00005858711,0.00007670477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995916,0.00002554355,0.00007016019,0.0001871919,0.00009691959,0.00002851181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.386286e-7,0.00006156386,0.0005881633,0.000002198788,0.00001363144,4.514995e-9,0.0001164126,4.037236e-7,0.00276124,0.9849354,0.0004246049,0.01109547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001488001,0.00004873354,0.0008047423,0.000007583654,0.00002179756,9.734951e-8,0.0001926034,0.00252057,0.01392557,0.9694741,0.01276075,0.00009465041],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5279251,0.000007318202,0.4592462,0.0002052448,0.000113265,0.0001373004,0.00008130218,0.0000213015,0.01226299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980548,0.000001009243,0.001426034,0.00001388815,0.0003213754,0.00001399529,0.0000424046,0.000007157606,0.000119326],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4701297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2292617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987544431","doi":"10.1007/s10701-009-9317-6","title":"Spin-Dependent Bohmian Electronic Trajectories for Helium","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Physics; Eigenfunction; Quantum mechanics; Hamiltonian (control theory); Electron; Helium atom; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Spin (aerodynamics); Angular momentum; Pauli exclusion principle; Classical mechanics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0139031279129504,"gpt":0.2893096621407213,"spread":0.2754065342277709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006421201,0.0001070125,0.0001388378,0.00002527875,0.0001850652,0.00003480869,0.0001620604,0.00001984782,0.000067721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000282701,0.0001133555,0.0001228526,0.0001673501,0.00002118327,0.000122895,0.00001097057,0.00007598049,0.00002181008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002497006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001275291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003154545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004546423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993104,0.000005908967,0.0001966826,0.0001652542,0.0001001291,0.0002216769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994174,0.00002801015,0.0001174938,0.0002672016,0.000132828,0.00003710291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003741646,0.0001922369,0.00005259849,0.000003703163,0.00002505006,7.288934e-9,0.00005839192,0.00004217121,0.006424339,0.9781879,0.0002588106,0.01475106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002957423,0.0001399947,0.0002276272,0.000006611124,0.00004106389,8.763112e-8,0.0001069817,0.001333394,0.03282687,0.955844,0.009042867,0.0001346892],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09159362,0.00002425104,0.9043013,0.0006494218,0.0001288306,0.0005287966,0.0001811104,0.00004195875,0.002550664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978829,0.000002684501,0.00110393,0.00003034587,0.0004216211,0.00009092845,0.0002463502,0.00001217122,0.000209062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9062893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4622502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1519570734","doi":"10.1023/a:1012630429527","title":"A Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics Based on a Principle of Entropy Minimization","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Factorization; Modal; Decomposition; Hilbert space; Matrix decomposition; Entropy (arrow of time); Mathematics; Statistical physics; Computer science; Theoretical physics; Quantum mechanics; Pure mathematics; Algorithm; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01546411196418978,"gpt":0.282296035969553,"spread":0.2668319240053632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005810825,0.00009443154,0.000196983,0.00005777758,0.00003422702,0.000007885676,0.0001046553,0.00002236508,0.0002256905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036666,0.00009585237,0.00009525783,0.0002428316,0.00002701006,0.00007768915,0.00002022804,0.00005281204,0.000005904147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001715745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006940999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004331083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.006876e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992038,0.000031809,0.000335234,0.0001250585,0.0002006374,0.0001034492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990748,0.0001278315,0.0003109604,0.0002199218,0.0002353581,0.00003112014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007594154,0.0004341338,0.0004231407,0.00002385539,0.00003215155,6.298773e-8,0.00008720685,0.02812488,0.002488837,0.9616667,0.00001807773,0.006624999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000408444,0.0001907949,0.0001235681,0.00004447025,0.00003823208,3.174605e-8,0.00004852641,0.8256083,0.008508096,0.16487,0.0000955275,0.0000640627],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05865563,0.000001368341,0.9403837,0.00002904006,0.00009911466,0.0001492117,0.0001413074,0.000006976912,0.0005336771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935769,0.000001276992,0.006099366,0.000008931987,0.0000518655,0.00001417713,0.0002211741,0.00001249642,0.00001376794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9349213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3908746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121048795","doi":"10.1007/s10701-012-9695-z","title":"Absorbers in the Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretation (philosophy); Hierarchy; Quantum; Causation; Database transaction; Transactional leadership; Transactional analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01896838993984897,"gpt":0.281632467126558,"spread":0.262664077186709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001878987,0.00006471542,0.00009720356,0.00003343869,0.00005149292,0.000007876183,0.000143787,0.0000157395,0.00009782945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003183998,0.00005498879,0.00007911018,0.0002600576,0.00002341223,0.0001921267,0.000008108333,0.00008098449,0.00001278044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009678211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003470659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000799743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000257699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994392,0.0000300004,0.0002234605,0.00006641979,0.0001359468,0.000104953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999504,0.00009649074,0.0001395094,0.0001786153,0.00006411402,0.00001727465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003246361,0.0002925238,0.0002724061,0.000006434028,0.00001694866,3.419596e-9,0.001092427,0.0003653487,0.001419679,0.9919181,0.00004114318,0.004571736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002218789,0.00002842644,0.0009624028,0.00001838367,0.00004257079,2.040428e-7,0.001774471,0.07553225,0.004473292,0.9160838,0.0007653204,0.00009698343],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09174037,0.00001022407,0.9068455,0.0001164284,0.00009929497,0.0001551963,0.00005480437,0.000004546552,0.0009736211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993264,0.000001614273,0.0004240964,0.00001348745,0.0000902602,0.00004621395,0.0000860309,0.000006906145,0.000004953959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9075861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2242378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979588630","doi":"10.1007/s10701-009-9322-9","title":"The Height of a Giraffe","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Bohr model; Falling (accident); Bohr radius; RADIUS; Gravitation; Power (physics); Planet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01667604640672538,"gpt":0.2855508188630599,"spread":0.2688747724563346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007427761,0.00004527007,0.00007537182,0.00001003875,0.0001220969,0.00002270678,0.0001586182,0.000007452046,0.00003265678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005798014,0.00003134593,0.00006432646,0.0001884838,0.0000900493,0.0001280267,0.00001025518,0.00003474874,0.0000169755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003167161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006362694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004921734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001539923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995985,0.00001180929,0.0001310965,0.00006164403,0.0001074907,0.00008943512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995747,0.00005103221,0.000105375,0.000186958,0.00006292806,0.00001899246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006966742,0.0001080595,0.001468205,0.000001119203,0.00001663632,1.822263e-8,0.0002166757,0.000195965,0.006293748,0.9264542,0.001409271,0.0638291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007401695,0.0003028615,0.012654,0.00003741238,0.00005556158,1.313668e-7,0.00125753,0.001496857,0.151568,0.8036253,0.02801589,0.0002462868],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8714548,0.00004953342,0.03649618,0.002732872,0.0005692303,0.0003545519,0.00004814029,0.00002662026,0.08826812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992223,0.000001442975,0.0002974568,0.00001119731,0.0002181236,0.000002221379,0.00001040755,0.000001917885,0.000234907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1452743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.127825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1558216413","doi":"10.1023/a:1016522910236","title":"Elimination of the Potential from the Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon Equations by Means of Conformal Transformations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"University of Victoria","keywords":"Conformal map; Mathematical physics; Transformation (genetics); Action (physics); Massless particle; Spacetime; Physics; Dirac equation; Conformal symmetry; Classical mechanics; Klein–Gordon equation; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01065739137487796,"gpt":0.228289769630056,"spread":0.2176323782551781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007824809,0.00006480463,0.00009898282,0.00001805072,0.0002354537,0.00001286394,0.0001260331,0.00002171949,0.000267256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001914501,0.00004692227,0.00007479593,0.0001715615,0.0002944787,0.0002568873,0.00002009482,0.00007268319,0.000003307641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004082317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001488451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001150405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994543,0.00004796374,0.000253344,0.00006015592,0.0001204373,0.00006383374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991807,0.0002463115,0.0002216088,0.0001665681,0.0001732049,0.00001162226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004855764,0.0001336731,0.002391439,0.000007631254,0.00008613147,3.147103e-9,0.003965071,0.0004871296,0.003301778,0.9705102,0.0004116283,0.01870048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001320383,0.00010373,0.03354984,0.00006421322,0.0004704994,2.656501e-7,0.005287952,0.01470393,0.05184551,0.890206,0.002212288,0.0002353353],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4732379,0.00008875127,0.5191733,0.002369215,0.0001912475,0.0003793502,0.001424755,0.000009958538,0.003125505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999227,0.000003216737,0.0003672299,0.00001569653,0.0000415842,0.00001240478,0.0002036778,0.000004079321,0.0001250735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5259891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2926266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052974968","doi":"10.1007/s10701-007-9138-4","title":"Solomon’s Argument on Hidden Variables in Quantum Theory","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Hidden variable theory; Impossibility; Generality; Simple (philosophy); Kochen–Specker theorem; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Indeterminism; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Quantum; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Law; Determinism; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0170212912694192,"gpt":0.2826610375847199,"spread":0.2656397463153007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003419932,0.0001014506,0.000129768,0.00005925565,0.00008915156,0.00001859045,0.0001556149,0.00002303017,0.0001886904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005814685,0.0001020127,0.00006480697,0.000255988,0.00003361912,0.00008095964,0.00003257869,0.0001069858,0.00008186811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003017474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005072057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009973494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007462958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992496,0.00002147893,0.0002559224,0.0001638985,0.000126992,0.0001820666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993169,0.0001724815,0.0001217232,0.0002951043,0.00005644101,0.00003739045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008168594,0.0004222071,0.0006453725,0.000003430755,0.00002069156,1.05913e-7,0.0001569018,0.00009375413,0.002508137,0.9817982,0.00008793864,0.01425506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002566862,0.00003739117,0.0008122867,0.00002067748,0.00001350888,4.908338e-8,0.000381499,0.001940754,0.01331324,0.9817358,0.001378793,0.0001092689],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4277799,0.000008872419,0.5511519,0.0001574854,0.0001677004,0.0003214564,0.00006936863,0.00002575492,0.02031763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987587,0.000001309452,0.0008027651,0.00002689268,0.000168172,0.00003454236,0.0000992801,0.00001343089,0.00009487056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5709789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4159959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179321593","doi":"10.1007/s10701-017-0105-4","title":"Semi-classical Locality for the Non-relativistic Path Integral in Configuration Space","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Locality; Surjective function; Configuration space; Quantum nonlocality; Quantum field theory; Principle of locality; Path integral formulation; Interpretation (philosophy); Quantum","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03270963012022901,"gpt":0.335568974671507,"spread":0.3028593445512779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001950505,0.00009845341,0.000161879,0.00001359038,0.0004855119,0.00009872292,0.0002387319,0.00002046566,0.00002947298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007031942,0.00007396999,0.00009291741,0.00005547751,0.0003799113,0.0002675239,0.0000440804,0.0001376169,0.00001301229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001994939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008511671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003682571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000440376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994594,0.00003730886,0.0001775258,0.0001173161,0.00008717439,0.0001212634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987187,0.0004991458,0.0002279458,0.0003993299,0.0001341855,0.00002070442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000187172,0.0001263701,0.008016484,0.000009866353,0.00003573009,5.09854e-8,0.0006363841,0.0001380942,0.0003475044,0.9814134,0.0002028598,0.009054502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006207417,0.00006394875,0.02418962,0.00004534295,0.00004755667,4.302397e-8,0.001002752,0.01917785,0.005424427,0.9478905,0.001411828,0.0001253623],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07551177,0.000003771303,0.9145378,0.0009428333,0.0001578905,0.0003540831,0.0001341729,0.000006016002,0.008351653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986892,5.239497e-7,0.0003755721,0.000007427888,0.0002076194,0.00006405023,0.0001105101,0.000008278691,0.0005368251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9231774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3734214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162137544","doi":"10.1007/s10701-015-9915-4","title":"Supersymmetric Duality in Deformed Superloop Space","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Superspace; Supersymmetry; Duality (order theory); Formalism (music); D-term; Seiberg duality; F-term; Space (punctuation); Dual (grammatical number)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03311319789167205,"gpt":0.2895646435282496,"spread":0.2564514456365775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001771734,0.0001225687,0.0002146816,0.00005925282,0.00004104322,0.00002715851,0.0001633683,0.00002733833,0.00007541604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002582348,0.0001182286,0.00009399022,0.0007953524,0.0001445723,0.0002632476,0.00006574035,0.0001366305,0.00009616657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004111576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001407067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000521901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008408796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991321,0.00004567222,0.0002402907,0.0001661691,0.0002035247,0.0002122569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992772,0.00008708463,0.00006843169,0.0002946288,0.0001724073,0.0001002675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007554376,0.000332327,0.02031388,0.000007665166,0.00001950442,1.328593e-7,0.0004138107,0.0001864414,0.00004639118,0.9737639,0.0002036233,0.004704702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007195027,0.00004665952,0.002171656,0.00001317627,0.00002060114,9.862825e-8,0.001139034,0.0005046951,0.00424831,0.9902164,0.0007620518,0.0001577808],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8920645,0.00001338318,0.03765731,0.0002238177,0.0001558481,0.0001940737,0.00006080544,0.00002210596,0.0696082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986685,6.900618e-7,0.0008208383,0.00001396096,0.0002181142,0.00001222934,0.0001144841,0.00001500178,0.0001362105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.106604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4821222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088050749","doi":"10.1007/s10701-021-00467-4","title":"Collapse and Measures of Consciousness","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Industry Canada; Government of Canada; Foundational Questions Institute","keywords":"Consciousness; Measure (data warehouse); Argument (complex analysis); Set (abstract data type); Natural (archaeology); Philosophy of science; Quantum nonlocality; State (computer science)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06659092627235441,"gpt":0.2943334076957322,"spread":0.2277424814233778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003551542,0.00003900599,0.00008404542,0.00001779342,0.00006636671,0.00001253306,0.00004247531,0.00001497339,0.00001499221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002713917,0.00004109649,0.00002327877,0.0002071832,0.0001527929,0.0001032284,0.00002726974,0.00003039194,0.000005634192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004505811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007777794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005809271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009288025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995797,0.00003512227,0.0001050308,0.0001072298,0.0001184916,0.00005448604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995049,0.0001239874,0.0000645059,0.0001138665,0.0001748382,0.00001789788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004940561,0.00009524459,0.0001458536,0.00002291718,0.000004128497,9.85249e-7,0.0002009141,0.00002550062,0.3127687,0.6786187,0.00009353426,0.008018571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001677435,0.00001631136,0.0001201282,0.00001286139,0.00001367618,0.00000312781,0.0001051044,0.000113042,0.7279776,0.2710237,0.0004063194,0.00004042433],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.812679,0.0001648088,0.009043687,0.0006383019,0.0004472976,0.0002497558,0.0001996866,0.00006281276,0.1765147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993665,0.00005017489,0.0004007684,0.00005133392,0.00002482015,0.000003387567,0.000007988839,0.000003937801,0.00009109712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4152089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1675866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2582545227","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0168-x","title":"Multipartite Composition of Contextuality Scenarios","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Kochen–Specker theorem; Probabilistic logic; Orthogonality; Composition (language); Property (philosophy); Quantum; Multipartite; Constructive; Variety (cybernetics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02920394614448596,"gpt":0.3080576821419502,"spread":0.2788537359974643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006652664,0.00006344444,0.0001226386,0.00001848333,0.0001055721,0.000009907533,0.0001047804,0.00001384095,0.0002106008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002641575,0.0000662648,0.00006890362,0.0001669535,0.0001296372,0.00009741228,0.00002933749,0.00004021306,0.00005923279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007402949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003841579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001491496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003982098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994814,0.00001728175,0.0002245559,0.0001029442,0.00009196275,0.00008186691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991894,0.00003878277,0.0001899832,0.0002520652,0.0003035354,0.00002619914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004450987,0.0002751439,0.0009390506,0.000006602245,0.00003062357,4.75158e-9,0.0002149661,0.00001882847,0.04801023,0.9449435,0.0001760616,0.005380565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006626381,0.0001277694,0.002265343,0.00004963182,0.00007081235,1.077781e-7,0.0002723419,0.02124381,0.3884661,0.5829777,0.003666148,0.0001976173],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5575985,0.000002304308,0.4394444,0.00006767712,0.00006487109,0.0001510216,0.0001537521,0.00001137802,0.002506047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979628,3.466466e-7,0.001619495,0.0000107461,0.0002012582,0.000017616,0.000150495,0.000006805556,0.00003037644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4403643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050632110","doi":"10.1007/s10701-010-9415-5","title":"Can Everett be Interpreted Without Extravaganza?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Physics","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Interpretation (philosophy); Ontology; Copenhagen interpretation; Quantum; Philosophy of technology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01459526502501107,"gpt":0.2794858029174745,"spread":0.2648905378924635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005693841,0.0001085126,0.0001312472,0.00002744049,0.0001319717,0.00003637349,0.0002166334,0.00002702709,0.0005611849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000581215,0.0001116013,0.000081632,0.0001859981,0.00006932008,0.0001027815,0.000044192,0.0001908375,0.00003657038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006638659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009391551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002043068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003933913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993804,0.000009782985,0.0001917295,0.0001644601,0.0001152227,0.0001384726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992193,0.00003629893,0.0001310099,0.0004158826,0.0001394757,0.000058053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001529174,0.0001159845,0.001262066,0.00000314313,0.00003080306,2.087343e-8,0.0001650821,0.000005434548,0.04628274,0.9434801,0.000411334,0.008241802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003647672,0.00003774329,0.0008164447,0.00001562443,0.00006419189,4.412802e-7,0.000198301,0.00789425,0.06274057,0.9103672,0.01721968,0.0002807917],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7893107,0.000001996184,0.1969129,0.0007359367,0.000341425,0.0002968322,0.0003358646,0.00005196896,0.01201234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972145,3.245043e-7,0.001957685,0.0000369084,0.0002592754,0.000047824,0.0002274484,0.00001851725,0.0002375204],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2079038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6144581,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}