{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":87,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":87,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d95360b2b0a1","filters":{"venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2959372441","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2019.00054","title":"The Role of Magnetic Fields in Protostellar Outflows and Star Formation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Star formation; Angular momentum; Stars; Protostar; Accretion (finance); Turbulence; Astronomy; Astrophysical jet; Gravitational collapse; Molecular cloud; Magnetic field; Instability; Galaxy; Active galactic nucleus; Classical mechanics; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Ralph E. Pudritz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00346219913510396,"gpt":0.1937840366575027,"spread":0.1903218375223988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000212336,0.00006741392,0.0001197257,0.00005923072,0.0001056873,0.0000436239,0.00008001801,0.0000128569,0.00000695888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001418461,0.00004767335,0.00001600218,0.0001220459,0.0001704057,0.0002437089,0.00004812711,0.00005954916,7.963694e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005771677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002070658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006467557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001973216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994828,0.00002325401,0.0001493594,0.0001062712,0.0000872881,0.0001510229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998128,0.00002287191,0.00007004818,0.00006305494,0.00001275011,0.00001845927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001213294,0.00001264923,0.835909,0.000007399186,0.000003673405,2.229191e-8,0.001531675,0.0001254663,0.00001545754,0.006630475,0.00004360141,0.1557085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003240865,0.001243934,0.3384774,0.0001827818,0.00002533805,7.195299e-7,0.3687889,0.1202636,0.00223598,0.07250555,0.09228247,0.0007524911],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874559,0.0006714818,0.006927524,0.0001607303,0.0000754931,0.0003518934,0.000004302351,0.000001855173,0.004350788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915296,0.00001890588,0.008335268,0.000002772293,0.00001167431,0.00002008435,9.468235e-7,0.000001478027,0.00007928453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4974316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1944063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205208855","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2021.755100","title":"Planetary Mass Spectrometry for Agnostic Life Detection in the Solar System","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Astrobiology; Habitability; Solar System; Titan (rocket family); Extraterrestrial life; Mass spectrometry; Planet; Exploration of Mars; Planetary science; Mars Exploration Program; Exoplanet; Physics; Space exploration; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Luoth Chou","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. R. Mahaffy","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. G. Trainer","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. L. Eigenbrode","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ricardo Arévalo","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. B. Brinckerhoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Getty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalie Grefenstette","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victoria Da Poian","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Matthew Fricke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher P. Kempes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey Marlow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara Sherwood Lollar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather V. Graham","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. S. Johnson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00530730640046503,"gpt":0.1908495019482859,"spread":0.1855421955478209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009271209,0.00008521872,0.0001585159,0.0001048174,0.0001919604,0.00005558428,0.0002410109,0.00004397388,0.00004780084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009760261,0.00006637591,0.00003167731,0.0005729707,0.0003278139,0.000182061,0.00005055321,0.0001122393,0.000008649663],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001072288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003016541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001097121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001155972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989316,0.0001389492,0.0001522998,0.0003301225,0.0001508531,0.0002961374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996446,0.000137859,0.00005513739,0.0001219706,0.000002843115,0.00003754445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001021844,0.00002400359,0.9860918,0.000008953747,0.000008181891,0.00001025915,0.000265418,0.006294124,0.0002806084,0.0001006263,0.0006583928,0.006247437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008618893,0.0003695842,0.8782498,0.0000358406,0.0000559549,0.00003444358,0.04453479,0.05577817,0.002090544,0.001288038,0.01631807,0.0003828598],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6961183,0.0004739634,0.2982468,0.00107678,0.0005772818,0.0003211605,0.000003911721,0.00001080546,0.003171032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9178123,0.00001758981,0.08193702,0.0000945332,0.00003364774,0.00003250808,0.000002046951,0.000002338691,0.00006797435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2216941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2706731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296885010","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.896245","title":"Differentiating Between the Leading Processes for Electron Radiation Belt Acceleration","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Van Allen radiation belt; Van Allen Probes; Acceleration; Magnetosphere; Particle acceleration; Electron; Context (archaeology); Computational physics; Solar wind; Radiation; Solar energetic particles; Astrophysics; Coronal mass ejection; Plasma; Classical mechanics; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Solène Lejosne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hayley Allison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauren Blum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander Drozdov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael D. Hartinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. K. Hudson","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. G. Ozeke","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Roussos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hong Zhao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008762628658473895,"gpt":0.2371881384207369,"spread":0.2284255097622631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003563046,0.00009906993,0.0001294658,0.00004212994,0.001023464,0.0001280671,0.0001890606,0.00001280462,0.00002395279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007897665,0.0000820087,0.00003017924,0.0002956654,0.00008883754,0.0002733086,0.00005715554,0.0001307628,2.503033e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003844253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001231435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000547747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001713091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992003,0.00004911256,0.0001417147,0.0002327456,0.0001052833,0.0002707773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997007,0.00008089721,0.0001153614,0.00006189234,0.00001652783,0.00002467179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008605768,0.0000192292,0.8031613,0.000007376775,0.00001532622,1.624231e-8,0.0006147362,0.002589566,0.00002557969,0.003781902,0.001261406,0.1885149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005654841,0.002823583,0.3372588,0.00008228822,0.0002528848,0.000002003115,0.09937113,0.1036153,0.005475963,0.09023611,0.3528143,0.002412816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6062276,0.0003778528,0.3906789,0.0008796855,0.0002869937,0.000423467,0.0000211024,0.00001272474,0.001091657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870012,0.000005212443,0.01216582,0.00001783186,0.0001847855,0.0001714848,0.00005251116,0.0000059417,0.0003952137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4659025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.787176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317105087","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1087974","title":"Unsolved problems in Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) and the picket fence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Canmore Museum and Geoscience Centre","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Thermosphere; Magnetosphere; Physics; Ionosphere; Substorm; Geomagnetic storm; Geophysics; Van Allen Probes; Chorus; Van Allen radiation belt; Solar wind; Plasma; Atmospheric sciences; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Y. Nishimura","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan Dyer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauri Kangas","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"V. Angelopoulos","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007671986439605138,"gpt":0.2197101406297669,"spread":0.2120381541901617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007616638,0.0001497356,0.0002098359,0.00005727436,0.0002449025,0.0001024808,0.000207179,0.00003166667,0.0000432554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005479547,0.0001047379,0.0000301958,0.0004198529,0.0006183499,0.0002521026,0.0001312854,0.0001740688,0.000002332666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002187189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008748891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005890626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000929275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998835,0.00008265429,0.0001982523,0.000341386,0.0001475474,0.0003952025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996821,0.00005534701,0.00008206219,0.0001123591,0.00001141429,0.00005666985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004060592,0.00004270091,0.8469598,0.00001352138,0.0000147465,6.591027e-7,0.002593509,0.002688654,0.00007972214,0.005260079,0.0009341352,0.1413718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01080433,0.0005761831,0.4586287,0.000493482,0.00004544317,0.000001293628,0.1196351,0.3524748,0.001360374,0.02695626,0.02749831,0.001525658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9515726,0.0003009393,0.04155016,0.0009261503,0.0002805922,0.0004025538,0.000003640913,0.00001513698,0.004948227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905176,0.00004335245,0.008008534,0.00001728426,0.00004873539,0.0000560613,0.000005497297,0.000005182763,0.001297738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3883311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4271089,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282825039","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.879045","title":"Seismic Cartography of White-Dwarf Interiors From the Toulouse-Montréal Optimal-Design Approach","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Asteroseismology; White dwarf; Physics; Stars; Stellar structure; Astrophysics; Stellar evolution; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"N. Giammichele","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Charpinet","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Brassard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009582514127344005,"gpt":0.1956611605455048,"spread":0.1860786464181608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004513017,0.0001670905,0.0002821409,0.000122264,0.0007080553,0.00004421864,0.0003693379,0.00001709681,0.00006873207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004189818,0.0001256749,0.00007921502,0.0003831431,0.0005544972,0.0001112597,0.0002272321,0.0002088526,5.086659e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001530483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006124735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002421692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001228357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987496,0.000170983,0.0002053138,0.000354445,0.000225551,0.0002940778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995109,0.0001290125,0.0001354727,0.0001664547,0.00001267994,0.00004543974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003753709,0.00004569102,0.959386,0.000001676641,0.00006808862,2.927959e-7,0.004218549,0.02281022,0.000001368683,0.00008552095,0.004325842,0.009019198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001620547,0.0006731629,0.6214418,0.00003475986,0.0001636209,0.000003470529,0.242607,0.05050123,0.0001558967,0.001718947,0.08035589,0.0007237094],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4340843,0.00484814,0.5425267,0.0009181761,0.001161665,0.0005761363,0.00008003321,0.00002250355,0.0157823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9347552,0.00002370738,0.06496598,0.00002742419,0.00007982382,0.00004386306,0.00001241199,0.000005845677,0.00008571866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5006709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5445861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3169517061","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2021.692198","title":"Backreaction in Cosmology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Ministry of Colleges and Universities; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Government of Canada","keywords":"Semiclassical physics; Quantum cosmology; Cosmology; Semiclassical gravity; Quantum; Perturbation (astronomy); Universe; Quantum gravity","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006969957073305188,"gpt":0.2409789389924885,"spread":0.2340089819191833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002460823,0.00006585693,0.0001245514,0.0001128773,0.0000894142,0.00002785401,0.00006092034,0.00002578496,0.00006627961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008458414,0.00006624125,0.00001861738,0.0002873272,0.0003246995,0.0001688391,0.00002760666,0.0001071604,0.000003331599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001201947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008679114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007912082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004718231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993778,0.00007694982,0.0001055709,0.0002153586,0.00004346718,0.0001807883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998222,0.00004450929,0.00003515396,0.00005756013,0.00001312754,0.00002743735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006547744,0.00002467983,0.8816336,0.000001036722,0.000003809244,0.000001775318,0.0002480778,0.00005516679,0.00001890726,0.08878674,0.0003435047,0.02887616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006192096,0.00005018657,0.4207666,0.00001763713,0.000005254935,0.000002997296,0.01929509,0.00009460249,0.0009485863,0.540036,0.01800003,0.0001638246],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9089353,0.000421943,0.08238129,0.001734912,0.0006847617,0.00007581899,0.000004756339,0.000006692046,0.005754493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9517787,0.000002540024,0.04762324,0.00003276229,0.00003338986,0.0000110594,0.000006432101,0.000001732863,0.0005102235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.460867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.270124,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381570310","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1172546","title":"Planetary protection: an international concern and responsibility","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency","funders":"Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres","keywords":"Committee on Space Research; Outer space; Space (punctuation); International Space Station; Space policy; Space law; Space exploration; International law; Treaty; Political science; Law; Physics; Astrobiology; Computer science; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"A. Coustenis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niklas Hedman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter T. Doran","is_ca":false},{"name":"Omar Al Shehhi","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Ammannito","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Fujimoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Grasset","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Groen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander G. Hayes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vyacheslav Ilyin","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Praveen Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caroline‐Emmanuelle Morisset","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian Mustin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Olsson‐Francis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jing Peng","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. Prieto‐Ballesteros","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Raulin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petra Rettberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvio Sinibaldi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yohey Suzuki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kanyan Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"М. А. Зайцев","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02783839911861755,"gpt":0.2565930288517431,"spread":0.2287546297331256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005267187,0.0000732117,0.00008701106,0.0001509684,0.0001906726,0.0001070036,0.0001280391,0.00001785342,0.00002477916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005309303,0.00006552404,0.000009717361,0.0002680204,0.0003286507,0.001006745,0.00003448099,0.00007803855,0.00001106074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007567451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004891187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001962864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003388363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992576,0.00004662886,0.00009816699,0.0003016285,0.0001207703,0.0001751982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998029,0.00001575366,0.00003643163,0.0000736017,0.000008735399,0.00006260598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002348289,0.000009704881,0.9464782,0.000001300399,0.000004527559,7.966655e-7,0.0004249696,0.0007402148,0.00004862233,0.0008221705,0.0003974276,0.05104852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048096,0.0002376473,0.8674901,0.00001988278,0.000005229284,0.000002363493,0.01455408,0.07446197,0.0001276218,0.01021179,0.03215395,0.0002543792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861453,0.00003134144,0.01094245,0.001135896,0.0004697705,0.0001446559,0.00002244885,0.00002415933,0.001083973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901218,0.00001006691,0.009497505,0.00001564367,0.0001028297,0.00001200051,0.00007028692,0.000001581433,0.0001683001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07898813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2671993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280588564","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.895362","title":"The Martian Crustal Magnetic Field","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Harvard University","keywords":"Dynamo; Martian; Geophysics; Magnetization; Mars Exploration Program; Astrobiology; Crust; Planet; Martian surface; Physics; Magnetism; Field (mathematics); Earth's magnetic field; Geology; Magnetic field; Astrophysics; Condensed matter physics","authors":[{"name":"Anna Mittelholz","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. L. Johnson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00582538213946406,"gpt":0.1948705124683592,"spread":0.1890451303288951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003994699,0.00006226248,0.00006481172,0.00005853321,0.0009988946,0.0001133246,0.0002334728,0.000006216668,0.0001181836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002829523,0.00004721091,0.00001885971,0.0002479656,0.0002099751,0.0002439406,0.00007912581,0.0001205441,0.000004833783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009539108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006011893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001238125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002754151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999288,0.00005067569,0.00009027832,0.0001817637,0.0001483001,0.0002409503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998038,0.00003950364,0.0000354964,0.00007836501,0.00000380433,0.00003903902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000231995,0.00002220994,0.7873734,7.328587e-7,0.000004297752,9.512722e-7,0.0005913512,0.002283273,0.00002104466,0.006518615,0.02101766,0.1821433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005740431,0.001288274,0.03929795,0.000007647029,0.00001131127,0.00000299783,0.09887672,0.02562457,0.0001699634,0.01835068,0.8153942,0.000401706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8904954,0.001894732,0.06101578,0.02075606,0.002790596,0.0005128942,0.00003367913,0.00002911657,0.0224717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930941,0.00000564429,0.005997362,0.0000720059,0.00005359716,0.00002992065,0.000007903704,0.000001487063,0.0007379673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7943765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.768279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948614395","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2020.629466","title":"Primordial Fluctuations From Quantum Gravity","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Eusko Jaurlaritza","keywords":"Quantum fluctuation; Quantum gravity; Quantum; Semiclassical gravity; Primordial fluctuations; Horizon; Gravitation; Amplitude; Loop quantum gravity","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01052871554536194,"gpt":0.2552224412268462,"spread":0.2446937256814842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000260503,0.0001315826,0.0002231184,0.00007875395,0.0003402706,0.0001345092,0.0001544371,0.00002526386,0.0001440598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000141987,0.0001243386,0.00005521086,0.0003374538,0.0005908219,0.0003160007,0.00008835556,0.000152045,0.000006214354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001527488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001907461,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000636792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005982452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989795,0.0001243938,0.0001561629,0.0003392283,0.000131608,0.0002690803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995952,0.0000906369,0.0000653198,0.0001409028,0.00003226909,0.00007571949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009486715,0.00006803747,0.7852135,0.000001661088,0.00002652633,0.000001702858,0.0008587659,0.0000462009,0.0002226845,0.1849635,0.0007697387,0.02781816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009299645,0.00008816695,0.201497,0.0000462967,0.00003685611,7.15648e-7,0.03455714,0.001271751,0.004947559,0.7207587,0.03541104,0.0004547306],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7524685,0.0003214939,0.2422642,0.000756652,0.0005457627,0.00007972224,0.00006631247,0.00001092341,0.003486404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9191222,0.000005172314,0.08048502,0.00002579245,0.0001414427,0.00001272004,0.00003615288,0.000004273985,0.0001672835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5837165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.507038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318474691","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1063190","title":"Plasma-neutral interactions in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere: The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Thermosphere; Physics; Ionosphere; Plasma; In situ; Atmospheric sciences; Astrobiology; Atomic physics; Astronomy; Computational physics; Nuclear physics; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"T. E. Sarris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Minna Palmroth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anita Aikio","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Buchert","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. H. Clemmons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Clilverd","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Dandouras","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eelco Doornbos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lindsay Goodwin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maxime Grandin","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. A. Heelis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nickolay Ivchenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Moretto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guram Kervalishvili","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Knudsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hanli Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Malaspina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Octav Marghitu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Astrid Maute","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wojciech J. Miloch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nils Olsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. F. Pfaff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claudia Stolle","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. R. Talaat","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. P. Thayer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stelios Tourgaidis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pekka T. Verronen","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Yamauchi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02168410784388312,"gpt":0.2686132166224379,"spread":0.2469291087785548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008119933,0.0001797543,0.0001961825,0.00007064934,0.0003111229,0.0001703637,0.000467374,0.00003028367,0.00004007826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001922808,0.0001219384,0.00006841245,0.001042356,0.0001972315,0.0002975381,0.00006605307,0.0002336971,0.000008944868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004927399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001168367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009483003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006263734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986255,0.0001197008,0.0002554696,0.0003490099,0.0001575633,0.0004927367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994863,0.0001658147,0.00007153773,0.000194278,0.00002649442,0.00005552165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002448501,0.0005719442,0.6903199,0.0000160185,0.00006991386,0.000002978785,0.009541609,0.05350219,0.0002595792,0.01820937,0.03430604,0.1929556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007846362,0.001254851,0.4281289,0.0005060793,0.00008907185,0.000002654637,0.2799311,0.05297744,0.0009193427,0.02961927,0.1968744,0.001850553],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9526986,0.0000679524,0.02902647,0.005451061,0.001152195,0.001286004,0.00002023208,0.00002480128,0.01027263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987361,0.000003585854,0.0112071,0.00009553915,0.0001003202,0.0004141158,0.000008755584,0.00001010374,0.0007995153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2703895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4972505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036716349","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2020.00023","title":"The Beam Plasma Interactions Experiment: An Active Experiment Using Pulsed Electron Beams","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Spacecraft; Whistler; Sounding rocket; Beam (structure); Cathode ray; Plasma; Spacecraft charging; Electron; Space physics; Atomic physics; Computational physics; Aerospace engineering; Nuclear physics; Optics; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"G. D. Reeves","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gian Luca Delzanno","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. A. Fernandes","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Yakymenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Lewellen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Holloway","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dinh C. Nguyen","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. F. Pfaff","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. M. Farrell","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. E. Rowland","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Samara","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. R. Sánchez","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Spanswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"V. Roytershteyn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01134736801425534,"gpt":0.2570869310544689,"spread":0.2457395630402135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001183027,0.0001795571,0.0001753302,0.00002836417,0.0006351671,0.0002070523,0.0002614973,0.0000245659,0.00006714466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003392406,0.0001433343,0.00005117638,0.0002332196,0.0003273076,0.0005818516,0.00007386181,0.0001938169,0.000002171729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005993814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001289481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001894122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001986607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988309,0.00005446497,0.0001801501,0.0003834112,0.0001375367,0.0004135472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995888,0.00003067373,0.000102681,0.0001197476,0.00001870554,0.0001393977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007942423,0.0009144267,0.1405789,0.00001676075,0.0004251887,0.000004713523,0.03836133,0.04513018,0.02902262,0.02460074,0.005172175,0.7149787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002470758,0.001666479,0.001709035,0.00005389321,0.00005761756,0.000002423666,0.3767513,0.3233354,0.1646528,0.002090973,0.125947,0.001262336],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.912212,0.0002672319,0.08222933,0.0006649791,0.0005732379,0.0002884445,0.000007323504,0.00001989208,0.003737583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731187,0.000006416984,0.02643143,0.000034825,0.0001831351,0.00003887732,0.000007716661,0.000009532697,0.0001693799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7137163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5845004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291378006","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.975123","title":"Proton aurora and relativistic electron microbursts scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; Canadian Space Agency; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; University of Alberta; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Electron; Cyclotron; Magnetosphere; Microburst; Electron precipitation; Van Allen radiation belt; Proton; Electromagnetic radiation; Atomic physics; Relativistic particle; Charged particle; Ion; Computational physics; Nuclear physics; Plasma; Optics; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Mykhaylo Shumko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexa Halford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauren Blum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jun Liang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yoshizumi Miyoshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keisuke Hosokawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"I. R. Mann","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. R. Murphy","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Spanswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. B. Blake","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. D. Looper","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. M. Gillies","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002850232887959061,"gpt":0.1942223211466954,"spread":0.1913720882587364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002975911,0.0002173756,0.0002442773,0.00008658684,0.0005591768,0.0001138866,0.0002092511,0.00002804824,0.0001232105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003014957,0.0002213845,0.00003760614,0.0003224877,0.000345941,0.0002417319,0.0001333203,0.0003114453,0.000001237688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006655849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001185863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002072876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009002015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984363,0.0001223456,0.0002039643,0.000525329,0.0001727485,0.0005393161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996251,0.00002942334,0.0001222158,0.0001260161,0.00001089751,0.00008634725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002177515,0.0004269357,0.8376426,0.00005346792,0.00008337039,0.000003772314,0.001922078,0.0009824921,0.01139475,0.01095449,0.01722735,0.119091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01264866,0.01597833,0.1200704,0.000225176,0.0003027461,0.00006260147,0.04639705,0.05712641,0.01999678,0.09237403,0.6288791,0.00593868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978488,0.001151633,0.01625562,0.0007138357,0.0002338481,0.0006213015,0.00002148852,0.00002183787,0.002492421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801108,0.00001808369,0.01709738,0.00003135825,0.00005135922,0.0001658533,0.00003410134,0.0000143749,0.002476755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7175722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9027797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367291609","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1151339","title":"Mesoscale phenomena and their contribution to the global response: a focus on the magnetotail transition region and magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mesoscale meteorology; Substorm; Physics; Ionosphere; Magnetosphere; Thermosphere; Ring current; Geophysics; Space weather; Meteorology; Plasma","authors":[{"name":"Christine Gabrielse","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Gkioulidou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Slava Merkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Malaspina","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. L. Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret W. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Ohtani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Nishimura","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiang Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Birn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yue Deng","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Runov","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. L. McPherron","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. M. Keesee","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. T. Y. Lui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheng Sheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. K. Hudson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Angelopoulos","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. R. Lyons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chih‐Ping Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Spanswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Kaeppler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kareem Sorathia","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Kepko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shasha Zou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006349288020179342,"gpt":0.2083950331434317,"spread":0.2020457451232524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008380621,0.0002237723,0.0002152173,0.00002971659,0.0006716557,0.000221858,0.0001972307,0.00004938463,0.0000319451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000158472,0.0001378616,0.00004176624,0.0006347276,0.0004489326,0.000194983,0.00008670765,0.0001679498,0.000006171127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004448187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006905486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002188698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001185564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986712,0.0001195196,0.0001882286,0.0004454316,0.000142447,0.0004331326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994462,0.0001702849,0.00007481609,0.0001748129,0.00002863627,0.0001052753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001824844,0.0001564138,0.1935111,0.00002769271,0.0001249059,0.000006963832,0.007911935,0.02006226,0.0001568878,0.1580091,0.02056389,0.597644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004432438,0.003284185,0.2330934,0.0003429835,0.00009807494,0.00001645328,0.2127758,0.3071811,0.0003604584,0.08180638,0.1549038,0.001704969],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8927715,0.0006633422,0.08592559,0.01850491,0.0002483564,0.0006261858,0.0000387429,0.0000348973,0.001186465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977099,0.00004669084,0.00149117,0.0001341096,0.0001207548,0.00007106554,0.000006727793,0.000008109781,0.0004114896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.595939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5621834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220901127","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.853676","title":"External Forcing of the Solar Dynamo","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Dynamo; Perturbation (astronomy); Forcing (mathematics); Solar dynamo; Astrophysics; Dynamo theory; Classical mechanics; Magnetic field; Astronomy; Atmospheric sciences; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Paul Charbonneau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004593246357585764,"gpt":0.2005996634013263,"spread":0.1960064170437406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003924714,0.00008655703,0.0001380342,0.00008364464,0.0004670549,0.00003612115,0.0003274357,0.00001043355,0.00005907476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003373706,0.00006802017,0.00006337504,0.0002962262,0.0002845023,0.0001338695,0.0002169496,0.0001957743,2.43104e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002505871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008971561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002057758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001554019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991897,0.00006815719,0.0001281519,0.000194499,0.0001931141,0.0002264138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997165,0.00002446232,0.00009974167,0.0001182719,0.000007762186,0.00003326803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006208092,0.00002297599,0.9751158,0.000001913842,0.000007175177,1.440846e-7,0.0004083549,0.006157479,0.00004855942,0.005511722,0.0002086171,0.01251104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002875407,0.000545126,0.4496488,0.0001247042,0.00008699115,0.00001009129,0.1498558,0.3098896,0.002982422,0.04621788,0.0366808,0.001082373],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8395043,0.0001657601,0.1563523,0.000333742,0.0007525936,0.0001333641,0.00002115364,0.000004559201,0.002732288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9688453,0.000001227499,0.03067509,0.00001195289,0.00002685663,0.00001613806,0.000001016994,0.000003690775,0.0004187238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.525467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3592256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283795132","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.908571","title":"Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Implications of Non-Equilibrium Conditions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"British Antarctic Survey; Science and Technology Facilities Council; U.S. Geological Survey; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Goddard Space Flight Center; Université de Strasbourg; Florida Institute of Technology; Natural Environment Research Council; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Magnetosphere; Ionosphere; Solar wind; Geophysics; Thermosphere; Magnetopause; Field line; Polar wind; Space weather; Interplanetary magnetic field; Computational physics; Plasma; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"S. W. H. Cowley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005926099985945953,"gpt":0.2296835568892934,"spread":0.2237574569033474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002484952,0.0001562924,0.0002512826,0.00005602018,0.000422538,0.00004362277,0.0003500457,0.00002406381,0.00149454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002534721,0.0001682484,0.00007329709,0.0005609874,0.0004524991,0.000249029,0.0001924722,0.0001995466,0.000002381036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003619526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002252613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001868976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988238,0.00002870799,0.0002799183,0.0003653765,0.0001585963,0.0003436177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999476,0.00003998269,0.0001721908,0.0001996053,0.00003059001,0.0000816474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001699553,0.0001844533,0.9051769,0.0000101309,0.0000306376,4.460826e-7,0.0003765929,0.03943199,0.0003401439,0.02674384,0.0111222,0.01656569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004831548,0.002061319,0.3867003,0.00008172735,0.0001443098,0.00001012959,0.1679697,0.1774597,0.001123061,0.0716323,0.1858375,0.002148346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8672113,0.000378865,0.09712858,0.0008769986,0.0006131692,0.0004251158,0.0001679529,0.00002269728,0.03317528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9570123,0.000004255661,0.04130042,0.00002483865,0.00005253439,0.0001101676,0.00004127132,0.000009736934,0.001444495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5184765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296019032","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.917817","title":"A review of the theory of 3‐D Alfvén (field line) resonances","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Leverhulme Trust; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Glasgow; University of Alberta","keywords":"Physics; Magnetohydrodynamic drive; Dipole; Field (mathematics); Focus (optics); Magnetohydrodynamics; Theoretical physics; Point (geometry); Resonance (particle physics); Magnetic field; Computational physics; Field line; Magnetic dipole; Classical mechanics; Quantum electrodynamics; Quantum mechanics; Optics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Tom Elsden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew N. Wright","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex Degeling","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01591437516458986,"gpt":0.2658007968721405,"spread":0.2498864217075507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009337871,0.0002377653,0.001064356,0.00005988998,0.0001333401,0.00001466808,0.000717588,0.00005082754,0.0005032616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002789247,0.0001540341,0.0003440278,0.0006611995,0.0005085431,0.00009632253,0.0002621514,0.0003307078,4.170101e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001840813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004953081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000970434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005700059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998414,0.0002911981,0.0005247848,0.0003331957,0.000199898,0.000236956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987868,0.0002113867,0.0006562193,0.0002950804,0.00001769554,0.00003281782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002501067,0.00002799752,0.001234611,0.005320293,0.00003554876,8.75343e-8,0.00004982041,0.00000406629,1.147995e-8,0.007412226,0.003049857,0.982863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006497463,0.00008572123,0.000007672116,0.01500279,0.0001106863,4.556279e-7,0.001057363,0.00001112211,0.000001505257,0.001438505,0.9820732,0.0001459324],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009231734,0.9858534,0.004005905,0.00007239102,0.0005777425,0.0005051922,0.00004468389,0.000003097165,0.008928369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002291415,0.9918627,0.00723553,0.00003860149,0.00006028914,0.00006555167,0.00000840708,0.000009112993,0.0006969262],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.982717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6281326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408218913","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2024.1530392","title":"X-ray properties of coronal emission in radio quiet active galactic nuclei","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; QUIET; Active galactic nucleus; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Coronal plane; X-ray; Galaxy; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Sibasish Laha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cláudio Ricci","is_ca":false},{"name":"John C. Mather","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ehud Behar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luigi Gallo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Marin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rostom Mbarek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amelia Hankla","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01052472177983656,"gpt":0.2251400551227221,"spread":0.2146153333428855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001396625,0.0001131231,0.0002248157,0.000165292,0.0001181892,0.0000310237,0.0001619657,0.00002236005,0.0000197335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000745643,0.00009389366,0.00003731806,0.0004350425,0.0004548452,0.0003279652,0.00005933741,0.0001372319,6.080913e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003779301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001644233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001977442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005870199,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991798,0.00004611144,0.0001894896,0.0002476701,0.0001068242,0.0002300731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999747,0.00002459967,0.00007958734,0.00008639524,0.00001935005,0.00004300019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008683324,0.0001875196,0.9493407,0.00001806431,0.0000243354,2.241171e-7,0.0009370969,0.003115607,0.002103678,0.009118575,0.0005184758,0.03454891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002403455,0.0003725354,0.8912401,0.0006618252,0.00004480026,7.392892e-8,0.0541578,0.01982258,0.01326356,0.009835367,0.007639132,0.000558788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.970337,0.0001794622,0.02503193,0.0004861749,0.0001835719,0.0001772683,0.000006101889,0.000005415281,0.003593108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855297,0.000002964522,0.01389826,0.00001028965,0.00002953645,0.00001885391,0.000002079613,0.000002850912,0.0005054192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0581006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3828873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386127550","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1252511","title":"Equatorial plasma bubbles features over the Brazilian sector according to the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity level","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Natural Resources Canada; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Governo Brasil; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Solstice; Physics; Solar maximum; Ionosphere; Geodesy; TEC; Morning; QUIET; Solar cycle 24; Atmospheric sciences; Total electron content; Solar cycle; Earth's magnetic field; Plasma; Astrophysics; Latitude; Solar wind; Geophysics; Magnetic field; Astronomy; Geology","authors":[{"name":"C. S. Carmo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lei Dai","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. M. Denardini","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. A. O. B. Figueiredo","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. M. Wrasse","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. C. A. Resende","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego Barros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juliano Moro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sony Su Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giórgio Arlan da Silva Picanço","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. P. Silva","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chi Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hui Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Z. Liu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009206064222129984,"gpt":0.2284109362855567,"spread":0.2192048720634267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004759146,0.0001726495,0.0001743267,0.00005246934,0.0006805341,0.0003064434,0.0003201561,0.00003882468,0.00003543448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001406959,0.0001091768,0.00004451025,0.0004737065,0.0003411474,0.0002781433,0.0002049974,0.0002041962,0.000005870144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001727013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000910121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001004935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004893821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988481,0.00007256818,0.0001112012,0.0003572867,0.0001779937,0.0004328721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995589,0.0001186291,0.00006066349,0.0001655636,0.0000129311,0.00008328851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006892276,0.00003579782,0.4710042,0.000008940907,0.00005187891,0.000001156639,0.00219116,0.003553333,0.0001722004,0.004980299,0.01905928,0.4988728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001806037,0.0005221498,0.7456306,0.00006920868,0.00006327921,0.000002618076,0.06598616,0.05544844,0.0006871145,0.009908265,0.1189234,0.0009526662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791877,0.0001054234,0.01591657,0.001956184,0.001222753,0.0003096438,0.00003145875,0.00002112502,0.001249111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938763,0.000009513651,0.004915915,0.00004107391,0.0004210968,0.00003484387,0.000002906073,0.000008663313,0.0006897271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4979202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5234187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390611121","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1308056","title":"The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): probing the physics of the X-ray corona in active galactic nuclei","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Active galactic nucleus; Redshift; X-ray; Electron; Quasar; Astronomy; Corona (planetary geology); Galaxy; Optics; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Elias Kammoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Lohfink","is_ca":false},{"name":"Megan Masterson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Wilkins","is_ca":false},{"name":"X. Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mislav Baloković","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Boorman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Riley Connors","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Coppi","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. C. Fabian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristin K. Madsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicole Rodriguez Cavero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Navin Sridhar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"John A. Tomsick","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Wevers","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Walton","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Bianchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Büchner","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Civano","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Lanzuisi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Labani Mallick","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Matt","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Merloni","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Nardini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joanna M. Piotrowska","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cláudio Ricci","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ka‐Wah Wong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abderahmen Zoghbi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008265590274821242,"gpt":0.2111410702327258,"spread":0.2028754799579046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002813178,0.0001549354,0.0001748022,0.00004100216,0.0004931623,0.0001644893,0.0004477556,0.00002100038,0.000008131179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006674981,0.00007826967,0.00007638128,0.0006934298,0.0009805348,0.0003651549,0.0001310133,0.0002630171,0.000001101366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004699652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000184369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003844268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000351034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988475,0.0001128617,0.0002046813,0.000297328,0.0002029874,0.0003345684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994568,0.0001745848,0.000109202,0.0002035924,0.00002089277,0.0000349186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000418835,0.0001820639,0.1171181,0.0000203688,0.000110045,5.597235e-7,0.004496792,0.02541561,0.0004903672,0.6029387,0.00108552,0.2480999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001546962,0.0005606317,0.3991747,0.0007168311,0.0001754524,3.657157e-7,0.08581337,0.08726639,0.003373891,0.3453754,0.07488152,0.00111447],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6657581,0.0009282946,0.3181013,0.008356296,0.00178251,0.0009366336,0.00003879039,0.00002908282,0.004068929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994969,0.000007752136,0.004333352,0.00002022011,0.0001566327,0.00007110469,0.000001792498,0.000008254831,0.0004318604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3292109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3793055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311070921","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1022690","title":"pyDARN: A Python software for visualizing SuperDARN radar data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; European Space Agency; Innovation Saskatchewan; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Python (programming language); Radar; Software; Low latitude; Plot (graphics); Remote sensing; Latitude; Physics; Computer science; Geophysics; Meteorology; Geology; Geodesy; Operating system; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Xueling Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marina Schmidt","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. J. Martin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Billett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emma Bland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis Tholley","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. A. Frissell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Krishna Khanal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shane Coyle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shibaji Chakraborty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marci Detwiller","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. Kunduri","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. A. McWilliams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01533883304366427,"gpt":0.2586531868597938,"spread":0.2433143538161296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006300072,0.0001572583,0.0002232917,0.0000675211,0.0007610996,0.0001098199,0.0006147373,0.000019372,0.0001978883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001131618,0.0001610352,0.00004201003,0.0003592583,0.0002266039,0.00044268,0.0004874342,0.0001702692,8.848226e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003486187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002310235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002782428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002764441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985977,0.00006069043,0.0001873939,0.0005489897,0.0001801396,0.0004250187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994962,0.00005603352,0.00008389755,0.0002754694,0.00001833032,0.0000701008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006760611,0.0001516248,0.4481248,0.00002140675,0.00004786892,0.000001435602,0.0009718085,0.001538575,0.00002657675,0.01375545,0.04306003,0.4922328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001301417,0.0004046164,0.001552967,0.00001829273,0.00002723124,0.000001821619,0.05112127,0.0250957,0.00004488613,0.007402379,0.9125143,0.0005150816],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.08121444,0.0009314259,0.9127722,0.0006704213,0.001268665,0.0005490362,0.0003814657,0.00004047877,0.002171858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3076517,0.000007879255,0.6897112,0.00008560854,0.0002552853,0.0001431433,0.0003115188,0.00002391618,0.001809844],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8694543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6566823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3151208206","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2020.505043","title":"Fine Classification of QSOs and Seyferts for Activity Types Based on SDSS Spectroscopy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of Colorado Boulder; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Oxford; York University; Carnegie Institution for Science; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik","keywords":"QSOS; Physics; Astrophysics; Quasar; Redshift; Active galactic nucleus; Astronomy; Spectral line; Spectroscopy; Luminosity; Galaxy","authors":[{"name":"A. M. Mickaelian","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. V. Abrahamyan","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. M. Paronyan","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. A. Mikayelyan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01008702175513248,"gpt":0.2327872798277431,"spread":0.2227002580726106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002272896,0.00008994213,0.0001504063,0.00009681707,0.0001457349,0.00004215526,0.00006693946,0.00002017766,0.00002278496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001161383,0.0000851593,0.00002615686,0.0001898925,0.0002142741,0.0002283108,0.00001677184,0.00005288537,3.84503e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002507124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001362366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002836389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002191372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993586,0.00003440844,0.0001179324,0.0002258656,0.00009722482,0.0001660012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996753,0.00004716495,0.00009975481,0.00009945313,0.00003826947,0.00004008647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002198505,0.00005202453,0.993123,0.00001209588,0.000006617166,2.350702e-9,0.000136656,0.0002020661,0.0003865916,0.003065367,0.000340893,0.002652713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003900955,0.0001009014,0.9600968,0.00001980263,0.000007611246,7.129739e-8,0.0008964224,0.03087608,0.005419802,0.001593325,0.0005140433,0.00008505898],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8938513,0.0000588444,0.1047093,0.0005661792,0.000135881,0.0001504473,0.00001908368,0.000004945858,0.0005040441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9443034,0.000001767353,0.05551734,0.00000133928,0.00003671998,0.00002149262,0.00001134876,0.000003039202,0.0001035665],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05045211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3472695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4303427375","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1016359","title":"LunaR: Overview of a versatile Raman spectrometer for lunar exploration","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"MPB Technologies & Communications (Canada); York University; University of Winnipeg","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; University of Winnipeg; Research Manitoba","keywords":"Spectrometer; Breadboard; Raman spectroscopy; Nadir; Remote sensing; Context (archaeology); Mars Exploration Program; Optics; Astrobiology; Physics; Geology; Astronomy; Satellite","authors":[{"name":"E. A. Cloutis","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. M. Caudill","is_ca":true},{"name":"E.A. Lalla","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Newman","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. G. Daly","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Lymer","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Freemantle","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roman V. Kruzelecky","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. M. Applin","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie Connell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diana M. Fernandes","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Giusto","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Hawke","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Lamamry","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Murzionak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexis Parkinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Qihan Peng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nathalie Turenne","is_ca":true},{"name":"Z. U. Wolf","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03013777151850123,"gpt":0.2527290024176511,"spread":0.2225912308991499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004886622,0.00008680998,0.0001618376,0.0001753112,0.0002964229,0.00004119272,0.0001793861,0.000009694088,0.00009388994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003004598,0.00008407319,0.00004297389,0.0003595591,0.0001595202,0.0007127329,0.00004935737,0.00006946464,0.000001451989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002142256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007725416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006481232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000729372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991537,0.00004745999,0.0001613722,0.0002509455,0.0001702493,0.0002162595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997284,0.00002711893,0.0001090689,0.00008671269,0.00001148168,0.00003714802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002110638,0.0003304098,0.7484189,0.00005681581,0.00007657025,0.000001027022,0.008814548,0.02606513,0.001108344,0.04516536,0.02562514,0.1441267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005051254,0.004331529,0.02876431,0.0001160127,0.0001230238,0.000003273361,0.2217561,0.1510943,0.004106661,0.1394274,0.4436636,0.00156257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6253314,0.0007508904,0.3680729,0.00181734,0.0009928951,0.0007992568,0.0001529202,0.000016799,0.002065644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9414243,0.00001076027,0.0581663,0.00002325791,0.0000517893,0.0000895437,0.00008746909,0.00000301102,0.0001435554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7196546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3428405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4315796422","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1048318","title":"Daedalus MASE (mission assessment through simulation exercise): A toolset for analysis of in situ missions and for processing global circulation model outputs in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Trakya Üniversitesi; Natural Environment Research Council; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation; Sight Research UK; European Space Agency","keywords":"Thermosphere; Ionosphere; Physics; Observable; Aerospace engineering; Spacecraft; Computational physics; Orbit (dynamics); Geophysics; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"T. E. Sarris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stelios Tourgaidis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Panagiotis Pirnaris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimitris Baloukidis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Konstantinos Papadakis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christos Psychalas","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Buchert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eelco Doornbos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Clilverd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pekka T. Verronen","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Malaspina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Narghes Ahmadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Dandouras","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna Kotova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wojciech J. Miloch","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Knudsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nils Olsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Octav Marghitu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomoko Matsuo","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Marchaudon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex Hoffmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dulce Lajas","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Strømme","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. G. G. T. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anita Aikio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Minna Palmroth","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. A. Heelis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nickolay Ivchenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claudia Stolle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guram Kervalishvili","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Moretto","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. F. Pfaff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Siemes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pieter Visser","is_ca":false},{"name":"José van den IJssel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hanli Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ingmar Sandberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Constantinos Papadimitriou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joachim Vogt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian Blăgău","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nele Stachlys","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02458926833021324,"gpt":0.3221752863612097,"spread":0.2975860180309964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005028171,0.0001259854,0.000301164,0.00005772666,0.0001215919,0.00004734943,0.0001330816,0.00004877041,0.000005347509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009846973,0.00009818999,0.00007395749,0.001045924,0.0001257422,0.0003729081,0.00003417368,0.00005876406,3.029521e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003196512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001562041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001453455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001230318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999002,0.00003546416,0.0003052257,0.0002930156,0.0001379212,0.0002263413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999568,0.00009093261,0.0001734545,0.0001016691,0.000038501,0.00002737334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006130234,0.00009506502,0.2645309,0.00003145226,0.00001974667,1.036001e-7,0.001178046,0.6528372,0.00003811502,0.002338853,0.00004466292,0.07882465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006012014,0.00006838232,0.07796986,0.00007513809,0.00006529597,2.004582e-8,0.01106637,0.8998256,0.00001509516,0.01011921,0.00009203768,0.000101798],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4803293,0.0001103367,0.5185755,0.0001056185,0.0000404303,0.0004454812,0.00003388587,0.000003392988,0.0003560715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9109522,0.000007628291,0.08889301,0.000005979118,0.00001057824,0.00004846499,0.00004289202,0.000003989357,0.00003531601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4306229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4004071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292484707","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.940027","title":"Three-dimensional magnetic fields of molecular clouds","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Physics; Magnetic field; Molecular cloud; Stars; Astrophysics; Galactic plane; Interstellar medium; Line-of-sight; Sky; Astronomy; Galaxy","authors":[{"name":"Mehrnoosh Tahani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005847135211407968,"gpt":0.2078694303030869,"spread":0.202022295091679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000178128,0.00008217179,0.0001521991,0.00008507221,0.000254873,0.00001595832,0.0001335998,0.000007939996,0.0001424194],"category_scores_gemma":[9.519294e-7,0.0000776709,0.00004251259,0.0002258536,0.0002425386,0.00008551258,0.0001593246,0.0001081007,5.823586e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009301826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005075838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001306226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002974478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993103,0.00002422282,0.0001440459,0.0001634136,0.0001852773,0.000172798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997933,0.00001318653,0.00007512837,0.00007459158,0.00001416427,0.00002966255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004107928,0.0001659124,0.7603742,0.0000100701,0.00004689017,0.000001571433,0.001064935,0.02889145,0.0001013561,0.06921767,0.004550719,0.1355341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007934915,0.005276294,0.1911572,0.0001030053,0.0001893036,0.000006650396,0.1227842,0.1540518,0.003681293,0.4067222,0.1053587,0.0027343],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7845632,0.0005045125,0.2116487,0.0003223022,0.0002562627,0.000103093,0.00002431466,0.000004159773,0.002573384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9558085,6.215139e-7,0.04406545,0.00001521802,0.00001940684,0.00002051693,0.000003485452,0.000002399578,0.00006440394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.569217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3167327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307870142","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1002697","title":"Python tools for ESA’s Swarm mission: VirES for Swarm and surrounding ecosystem","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Swarm behaviour; Python (programming language); Computer science; Interfacing; Cloud computing; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Ashley Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Pačes","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02540613452104316,"gpt":0.2671447671263555,"spread":0.2417386326053123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007516448,0.00009475671,0.0001465024,0.0001356481,0.0008763658,0.0003735156,0.0003823793,0.00001492502,0.000001148752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002007286,0.00009304837,0.00003879393,0.0003151189,0.00007943717,0.0004892694,0.0001978205,0.00006198635,1.789809e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004757358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000132298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001207429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006743855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989993,0.00003820523,0.0001518125,0.0004279337,0.0001550468,0.0002276766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993988,0.0002945523,0.00009095648,0.0001198308,0.00002507833,0.00007075526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004097901,0.0001067557,0.008910209,0.00006607382,0.00002351485,6.605499e-7,0.002270157,0.03048719,0.0001467132,0.5063522,0.01161344,0.4399821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007404467,0.0003209072,0.001757276,0.00002326789,0.000007632861,0.000006057353,0.003606794,0.4644457,0.0002872069,0.06929856,0.4592014,0.0003048155],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0570766,0.0003811852,0.9381039,0.003125443,0.0005346313,0.0005178662,0.00003072919,0.00002355927,0.0002061375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5272915,0.000006639188,0.4722181,0.00005703841,0.00005879768,0.0002168484,0.000006028047,0.000003904986,0.0001411856],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4702148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6740386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321499661","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1138616","title":"Quantifying the global solar wind-magnetosphere interaction with the Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere (STORM) mission concept","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Magnetopause; Magnetosphere; Physics; Solar wind; Magnetosphere of Jupiter; Geomagnetic storm; Plasmasphere; Geophysics; Polar wind; Ring current; Magnetosheath; Earth's magnetic field; Van Allen radiation belt; Space weather; Plasma; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"D. G. Sibeck","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Murphy","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. S. Porter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyunju Connor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian M. Walsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. D. Küntz","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Zesta","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. W. Valek","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. L. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Goldstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. U. Frey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Syau‐Yun Hsieh","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. C. Brandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. G. Gomez","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. A. DiBraccio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shingo Kameda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vivek K. Dwivedi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael E. Purucker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Shoemaker","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. M. Petrinec","is_ca":false},{"name":"Homayon Aryan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ravindra Desai","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. G. Henderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gonzalo Cucho‐Padin","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. D. Cramer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01874142840360559,"gpt":0.2612816839202595,"spread":0.2425402555166539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001102578,0.0002362489,0.0002308653,0.00001326713,0.001140141,0.0002171582,0.0007976264,0.00005793917,0.00008207701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003443856,0.0001023399,0.0001473422,0.0007140436,0.001042057,0.0003301674,0.0001772901,0.0002811393,0.000002042633],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004466506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003042061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008109866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005829604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983467,0.0002748066,0.0002676156,0.0003611081,0.0002978001,0.000451896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987968,0.0004649996,0.0002779232,0.0003673591,0.00004348061,0.00004948021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00233249,0.0001042095,0.7144203,0.00002564679,0.0001931513,0.000001163496,0.00479017,0.04951813,0.0001569023,0.00435772,0.04372454,0.1803756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004035969,0.001359088,0.2335097,0.0002800702,0.0002455326,0.000004936583,0.285836,0.09711948,0.0008243539,0.001955689,0.3740491,0.0007801026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9429367,0.0007204918,0.04525831,0.007422416,0.00187904,0.001216935,0.00004856303,0.00002435262,0.0004931901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951301,0.00001237403,0.003325623,0.00006224492,0.0002325935,0.00004065424,0.000006112141,0.00001213387,0.001178194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4809106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8769156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304891673","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1040092","title":"On the green isolated proton auroras during Canada thanksgiving geomagnetic storm","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Geomagnetic storm; Proton; Ionosphere; Electron precipitation; Spectrograph; Earth's magnetic field; Cyclotron; Luminosity; Astrophysics; Storm; Spectral line; Magnetosphere; Atmospheric sciences; Geophysics; Astronomy; Magnetic field; Nuclear physics; Meteorology; Electron; Plasma","authors":[{"name":"Jun Liang","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. M. Gillies","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Parry","is_ca":true},{"name":"I. R. Mann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Connors","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Spanswick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003293390016420416,"gpt":0.1719803264730512,"spread":0.1686869364566307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002625292,0.0001475788,0.0001435502,0.0000421199,0.0009114764,0.00006153542,0.0003301449,0.00001257531,0.0005242701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003363029,0.0001177603,0.00003084332,0.0003275614,0.0001606302,0.0001198366,0.000161191,0.000281547,8.348425e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003468117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1615197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03494469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988461,0.00008367543,0.0001422885,0.0003083997,0.0002386741,0.0003809245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996547,0.00004248079,0.00008879283,0.0001466731,0.00001020367,0.00005718635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007852968,0.00009876116,0.9357774,0.0000168289,0.00004281617,0.000007222606,0.001415489,0.01396439,0.00005204998,0.0100877,0.005130574,0.03332827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004813347,0.003375306,0.2652346,0.0001826455,0.00008512122,0.00001621639,0.2350121,0.1448267,0.0009724549,0.02410473,0.318135,0.003241725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902509,0.0001051273,0.002908101,0.00133423,0.0004430758,0.0004609645,0.0000184509,0.00001092056,0.004468196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965202,0.000001104887,0.001099869,0.00006120805,0.00004928288,0.000135262,0.000003755868,0.000007579907,0.002121788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6705427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9826651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388555821","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2024.1324796","title":"The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): constraining supermassive black hole growth with population spin measurements","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Supermassive black hole; Astrophysics; Population; Accretion (finance); Context (archaeology); Astronomy; Active galactic nucleus; Black hole (networking); Galaxy; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Joanna M. Piotrowska","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. A. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Walton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ricarda S. Beckmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. R. Ballantyne","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. R. Wilkins","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Bianchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Boorman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Büchner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chien‐Ting Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Coppi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Dauser","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. C. Fabian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elias Kammoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristin K. Madsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Labani Mallick","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Matt","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. A. Matzeu","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Nardini","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Pizzetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simonetta Puccetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cláudio Ricci","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesco Tombesi","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. Torres-Albà","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaze W. K. Wong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01261864069007263,"gpt":0.220550846969692,"spread":0.2079322062796194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002454255,0.0001577459,0.0001539402,0.00008216183,0.0004628331,0.0003191172,0.000176493,0.00002162256,0.00001144272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004113323,0.0001029305,0.00003624749,0.0003962662,0.0006779188,0.0004704554,0.00004007831,0.0001450424,0.000002073897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003635885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001215023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004277901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003030548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988521,0.00004680095,0.0001696241,0.0003527997,0.000241929,0.0003366946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996872,0.00005178808,0.00005846428,0.00009620035,0.00003362144,0.0000727051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001916229,0.00005034417,0.6056125,0.00001176274,0.0000906381,0.000001071375,0.0008486666,0.009995108,0.0001119625,0.3340828,0.0006649891,0.04851096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003663519,0.00173165,0.5532842,0.001204157,0.0003012439,6.936661e-7,0.08441822,0.1002905,0.002398508,0.2219477,0.02821473,0.002544922],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3592274,0.0002478524,0.6357976,0.00154532,0.0004055662,0.0002262274,0.00001582745,0.00003063389,0.002503506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9692427,0.000003716168,0.03022261,0.00001597467,0.0001512394,0.00003831541,0.00001563041,0.000007916705,0.0003019059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6100153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4197383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310484801","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1067571","title":"How open data and interdisciplinary collaboration improve our understanding of space weather: A risk and resiliency perspective","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Space weather; Space (punctuation); Government (linguistics); Space Science; Perspective (graphical); Interplanetary space; Field (mathematics); Space exploration; Data science; Meteorology; Physics; Computer science; Solar wind; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Vincent Ledvina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erika Palmerio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan McGranaghan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexa Halford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aidan Thayer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Brandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. MacDonald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ankush Bhaskar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuanfei Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"İlkay Altıntaş","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Colliander","is_ca":true},{"name":"Meng Jin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richa Jain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Subhamoy Chatterjee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zubair Shaikh","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. A. Frissell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Y. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan J. French","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brianna Isola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott W. McIntosh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily I. Mason","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pete Riley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Young","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wayne Barkhouse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria D. Kazachenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Snow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Doğacan Öztürk","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. G. Claudepierre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesca Di Mare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andy Witteman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy Kuzub","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01386458982147062,"gpt":0.2736378513469147,"spread":0.2597732615254441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005528172,0.0001269909,0.0002151589,0.00006915124,0.0006011245,0.0002783461,0.0004117747,0.00001883449,0.00001120181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008931399,0.0001210964,0.00001416022,0.0003199151,0.000292941,0.0008577426,0.001869981,0.0001652048,4.727448e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007421615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001646477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005267521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002055744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989513,0.0001022291,0.0001243496,0.0004983995,0.0001234961,0.0002002444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999521,0.0000272223,0.0001786208,0.0001968638,0.00002123931,0.00005509118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002190335,0.0001616027,0.8015289,0.00002157225,0.00009233189,0.000001763552,0.01784954,0.0005137753,0.0001240958,0.1080376,0.004824112,0.06662568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006729916,0.0004230101,0.002745076,0.00001514778,0.00002280821,8.234804e-7,0.9448472,0.01860623,0.00001750143,0.03060085,0.001873669,0.0001747388],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5777684,0.002132974,0.399145,0.008840553,0.0007851338,0.00117038,0.0006334041,0.00001425473,0.009509841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9670968,0.00002933154,0.03212259,0.000004148917,0.00003466838,0.0000193875,0.00001148363,0.00000587039,0.0006757228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9269976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4938169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401345642","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2024.1430099","title":"Crucial future observations and directions for unveiling magnetopause dynamics and their geospace impacts","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University; University of Calgary","funders":"International Space Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Research and Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Magnetopause; Physics; Geophysics; Spacecraft; Satellite; Space physics; Earth radius; Mesoscale meteorology; Magnetometer; Remote sensing; Geosynchronous orbit; Local time; Magnetosphere; Plasma; Geology; Meteorology; Astronomy; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"Martin Archer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xueling Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria‐Theresia Walach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael D. Hartinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. M. Gillies","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simone Di Matteo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frances Staples","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Nykyri","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006552488178451738,"gpt":0.2206351715706856,"spread":0.2140826833922339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000262213,0.0001731846,0.0001841901,0.00007903162,0.0003895154,0.0003259357,0.00008409663,0.00004805494,0.00001278815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006980013,0.0001453034,0.00003811809,0.0002852163,0.0002941999,0.0004677312,0.00005443362,0.0001408544,2.005266e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000340208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001509316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002319326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004892123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991019,0.00002028959,0.0001392769,0.0003710216,0.00006640937,0.0003011541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996887,0.00007149729,0.00003913114,0.00007808862,0.00002792824,0.00009459513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002233122,0.000042821,0.3159396,0.00007234199,0.00006265738,6.92971e-7,0.002201225,0.0003182298,0.000051398,0.1104459,0.003227934,0.5676149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001198688,0.0005602053,0.05975046,0.0002273828,0.00008652317,0.00000760014,0.09069585,0.5444732,0.00008628404,0.0373453,0.2645942,0.0009743509],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6410396,0.006380843,0.3458187,0.00309438,0.001453833,0.000440286,0.0002072069,0.0000483062,0.001516893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8544589,0.0003583432,0.1426268,0.00003608141,0.0006212379,0.00006987961,0.00003847844,0.00001979199,0.001770435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5666406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5925301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388721457","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1184171","title":"Heliophysics and amateur radio: citizen science collaborations for atmospheric, ionospheric, and space physics research and operations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Australian Research Data Commons; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Amateur; Citizen science; Space weather; Space Science; Radio Science; Instrumentation (computer programming); Radio propagation; Physics; Ionosphere; Remote sensing; Data science; Computer science; Meteorology; Geography; Astronomy; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"N. A. Frissell","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Ackermann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jesse N. Alexander","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert L. Benedict","is_ca":false},{"name":"William C. Blackwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel Boedicker","is_ca":false},{"name":"S A Cerwin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristina Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott H. Cowling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Deacon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Devin Diehl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesca Di Mare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy J. Duffy","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Edson","is_ca":false},{"name":"William Engelke","is_ca":false},{"name":"James O. Farmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel Frissell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert B. Gerzoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Gibbons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwyn Griffiths","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sverre Holm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank M. Howell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Kaeppler","is_ca":false},{"name":"George Kavanagh","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Kazdan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyomin Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Larsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Ledvina","is_ca":false},{"name":"William Liles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sam Lo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Lombardi","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. MacDonald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julius Madey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas McDermott","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. McGaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert McGwier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gary Mikitin","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. S. Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cathryn N. Mitchell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aidan Montare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cuong D. Nguyen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter N. Nordberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. W. Perry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerard Piccini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stanley W. Pozerski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert H. Reif","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Rizzo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert S. Robinett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Veronica Romanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego F. Sánchez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Sarwar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jay Schwartz","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Lawrence Serra","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Ward Silver","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tamitha Mulligan Skov","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Swartz","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Themens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francis Tholley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary Lou West","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronald C. Wilcox","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Witten","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ben A. Witvliet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nisha Yadav","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01902254778494805,"gpt":0.2841658937026253,"spread":0.2651433459176773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008098658,0.0001984817,0.0002635059,0.00004887807,0.001538917,0.0006586296,0.0001978517,0.00004279014,0.000009798494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002491255,0.0001922798,0.00002094115,0.001873279,0.002418903,0.0008144573,0.0002159061,0.0001693337,0.00000223289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003234605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003411401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003178366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005938399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982712,0.00004988896,0.0001895425,0.0006428047,0.0002444963,0.0006020662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993164,0.0001257188,0.00005439842,0.000159542,0.0001627178,0.000181201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006764639,0.0001971342,0.4825888,0.000102941,0.00007736259,0.00000229009,0.006550397,0.008040166,0.001881276,0.2507323,0.01170424,0.2380555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003904975,0.001520654,0.06294835,0.0001815583,0.0000672574,0.000004793604,0.1762511,0.6102355,0.001474703,0.1071329,0.03458701,0.001691211],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8973678,0.0004788322,0.09872003,0.001133968,0.0002860716,0.0007055899,0.00007222479,0.00003448952,0.001200992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7597679,0.0002715775,0.2379869,0.00002119913,0.0001980192,0.0001659668,0.00002384566,0.00001899916,0.001545517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6021954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297229248","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1009450","title":"AuroraX, PyAuroraX, and aurora-asi-lib: A user-friendly auroral all-sky imager analysis framework","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","keywords":"Python (programming language); Cyberinfrastructure; Physics; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Remote sensing; Data science; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Mykhaylo Shumko","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Chaddock","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Donovan","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Spanswick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexa Halford","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Murphy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004924384743705572,"gpt":0.2270730383290331,"spread":0.2221486535853276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006089158,0.0003384144,0.0005265481,0.0002845322,0.0007458205,0.0002891752,0.0004752484,0.00005647449,0.0007780113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000106369,0.0003401431,0.000161325,0.0015571,0.0006278662,0.0005239049,0.0004441835,0.0005200825,0.000003717509],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005691164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001644573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005785621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005114454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997534,0.0001788666,0.0003532262,0.0008455454,0.0003698967,0.0007184492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991683,0.00007735656,0.0002040768,0.0003136682,0.00002885814,0.0002077107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005035029,0.0001446288,0.9312145,0.000007690074,0.0002804959,0.000007695506,0.0009437544,0.004370471,0.00001744955,0.02021831,0.006299134,0.03644554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002711157,0.001633664,0.1696749,0.00004369943,0.0009895528,0.000008540625,0.09219266,0.05642929,0.0001043845,0.02780516,0.6458125,0.002594522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6734257,0.0008375073,0.3177015,0.001445567,0.0007899629,0.0003953727,0.00009026501,0.00005619867,0.005258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7728779,0.00001273228,0.2253614,0.000126503,0.0000961362,0.00007523289,0.00003367171,0.00001929537,0.001397165],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7615396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362584618","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1165254","title":"Agile collaboration: Citizen science as a transdisciplinary approach to heliophysics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Citizen science; Agile software development; Asset (computer security); Work (physics); Engineering ethics; Field (mathematics); Public relations; Knowledge management; Data science; Political science; Engineering; Computer science; Computer security; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Vincent Ledvina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Brandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. MacDonald","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. A. Frissell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Y. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan J. French","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesca Di Mare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Grover","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Battams","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Sigsbee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donna Lach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph A. Shaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Hunnekuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Burcu Kosar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wayne Barkhouse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Young","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chandresh Kedhambadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Doğacan Öztürk","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. G. Claudepierre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuanfei Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andy Witteman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy Kuzub","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gunjan Sinha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01455344242213123,"gpt":0.2549476501540076,"spread":0.2403942077318764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006508121,0.0001187617,0.0001348961,0.0001893642,0.0005796374,0.0001874288,0.0003992877,0.00003024942,0.0005295908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000242021,0.0001099626,0.00002264996,0.00434247,0.001734705,0.0005329981,0.0002322789,0.00007135753,0.0003460991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002300985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007389839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004642735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002989298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984226,0.00002465677,0.0001266265,0.0005251524,0.0004333897,0.0004675806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996165,0.00001225745,0.00003468486,0.0001362082,0.00001137509,0.0001889416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002105743,0.0007203699,0.5430546,0.00006499862,0.000024223,0.00002458753,0.06754959,0.01901007,0.01629229,0.02195855,0.2268503,0.1042397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001112483,0.000612523,0.3837293,0.00004253912,0.00001550117,0.00001042922,0.4756833,0.007356289,0.004761752,0.005058183,0.1205816,0.001036053],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9123102,0.0000346211,0.002976369,0.002038897,0.0003258481,0.0002834859,0.00002762428,0.00005203017,0.08195094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771076,0.00003279747,0.02151306,0.0001525903,0.00003331096,0.00008131877,0.00001765686,0.000006060235,0.001055557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4081337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6391591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213204652","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.809771","title":"Rotation Periods of Asteroids Determined With Bootstrap Convex Inversion From ATLAS Photometry","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Queen's University Belfast; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Space Telescope Science Institute","keywords":"Asteroid; Rotation period; Physics; Sidereal time; Photometry (optics); Light curve; Rotation (mathematics); Astronomy; Ephemeris; Geodesy; Astrophysics; Geometry; Geology; Stars; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Josef Ďurech","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Vávra","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Vančo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Erasmus","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00831919926003143,"gpt":0.2078841871202671,"spread":0.1995649878602356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002605414,0.0001228737,0.0002024071,0.0001906994,0.0002929182,0.00004307011,0.0002558369,0.0000139717,0.0003286639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001562406,0.0001074339,0.0000285966,0.0004517749,0.0004597953,0.0003373196,0.00007607936,0.000143283,9.836928e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001731277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001134171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008176913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001612375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998928,0.00007388059,0.000159696,0.0003301706,0.000271823,0.0002364001],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999631,0.00003952923,0.0001411757,0.0001056173,0.00001187063,0.00007081433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004895731,0.00002466962,0.9790928,0.000002063331,0.000009994349,8.038588e-7,0.0006702275,0.001690254,0.0004417135,0.00005385559,0.0002000813,0.01776454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002519408,0.001807185,0.8230673,0.00006302001,0.00004631999,0.000002870282,0.1071578,0.04929131,0.004394868,0.0005688595,0.01042313,0.000657866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592338,0.00009959931,0.03910013,0.00007772777,0.000221767,0.0001459187,0.00007078492,0.000005675192,0.001044648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9507535,0.000001160518,0.04902473,0.00001289259,0.00002713725,0.00001275214,0.00003484198,0.000002978407,0.0001300431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1560255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4381029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3186484901","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2021.690480","title":"Spectral Asymmetry of Near-Concentric Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Due to Doppler-Shifted Atmospheric Gravity Waves","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"TEC; Ionosphere; Physics; Total electron content; Airglow; Thunderstorm; Gravity wave; Geophysics; Convection; Asymmetry; GNSS applications; F region; Geodesy; Gravitational wave; Geology; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Satellite; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Irfan Azeem","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004493795414256718,"gpt":0.2092046577203904,"spread":0.2047108623061337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002747366,0.0002568473,0.0004881968,0.00001333271,0.0002631594,0.0001624392,0.000290565,0.00005395344,0.0002009408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001557239,0.0002450902,0.0001132125,0.001344677,0.0004545966,0.000306277,0.0001102077,0.0001999432,0.000003563939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000424051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003104983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005272914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007847326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981709,0.00008599246,0.0003641223,0.0005851823,0.0002322333,0.0005616344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993513,0.00005593741,0.0001613047,0.0002050476,0.00005697825,0.0001693911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002338992,0.0001276488,0.8737807,0.00001762804,0.00004068738,0.000006194321,0.0007736768,0.003278751,0.0000724998,0.005156663,0.0007988834,0.1159233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002678493,0.0006745011,0.8362474,0.0002474291,0.0001079963,0.00001486239,0.06142742,0.0482426,0.005908822,0.01708724,0.0255686,0.001794646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7608206,0.00103336,0.2338804,0.0002778267,0.0006274693,0.0001929962,0.00001880054,0.00001447338,0.003134027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6636108,0.00001333836,0.3358827,0.00002379506,0.0000888029,0.00001132834,0.000009395872,0.000008328509,0.0003515243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1141287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118884154","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2021.639706","title":"The Science of Fundamental Catalogs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Naval Observatory; University of Toronto","keywords":"Physics; Gravitational wave; General relativity; Theoretical physics; Gravitation; Astronomy; Asteroseismology; LIGO; Theory of relativity; Fundamental interaction; Tests of general relativity; Astrophysics; Numerical relativity; Quantum gravity; Quantum mechanics; Stars; Quantum","authors":[{"name":"Sergei M. Kopeikin","is_ca":false},{"name":"В. В. Макаров","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009634521885871347,"gpt":0.3006276222420902,"spread":0.2909931003562188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005712023,0.00005302633,0.00008368593,0.00007416197,0.0004486332,0.0001320228,0.0002546241,0.000007280576,0.00001592663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001351542,0.00003775656,0.00002393793,0.0005356285,0.002083228,0.0002055903,0.0001194195,0.00007265629,9.561998e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001503997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003748004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000388816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004178883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991602,0.00002649557,0.0001043674,0.0001978764,0.0002621956,0.0002488628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997178,0.00005426592,0.00004027471,0.00008843392,0.00004682166,0.00005245455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000134647,0.00008512076,0.7855757,0.000005432787,0.00001864202,0.000001298688,0.0005301259,0.0001873813,0.003559633,0.1530645,0.001821479,0.05513725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001514542,0.0003062208,0.4920606,0.0000958733,0.00001630382,0.00000492339,0.1043805,0.004353164,0.04354125,0.2713861,0.08177265,0.0005678176],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826566,0.001160641,0.002896808,0.001701115,0.0004155225,0.0001198478,0.00005920318,0.000001587335,0.01098869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763357,0.00001014642,0.02186048,0.000004856384,0.00002530939,0.000005293061,0.000005622398,0.000001377284,0.001751229],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.293515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7675741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293661129","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.932276","title":"Dark matter as an effect of a minimal length","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Dark matter; Gravitation; Theoretical physics; Dark energy; Entropy (arrow of time); Quantum gravity; Conjecture; Hawking; Quantum; Classical mechanics; Cosmology; Quantum mechanics; Astrophysics","authors":[{"name":"Pasquale Bosso","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mitja Fridman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005237067469175426,"gpt":0.251231704766924,"spread":0.2459946372977486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007246552,0.0001161528,0.000231634,0.0001318535,0.0003269354,0.00003738893,0.0002398554,0.00001010501,0.000257088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002785302,0.0001004628,0.00004525578,0.0002355867,0.0005581443,0.0002562379,0.0001261441,0.0001451901,0.000002410144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001295583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005847006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000250544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002652404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989747,0.0002691867,0.0001338866,0.0002444647,0.0001509589,0.0002267912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996738,0.00006783306,0.00008682653,0.0001122776,0.000007385919,0.00005183829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008341815,0.00005245396,0.9713762,0.000005246055,0.00001516124,5.629015e-7,0.001238994,0.00007818187,0.00005798638,0.01022747,0.0009761826,0.01588811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007711264,0.01704038,0.2759647,0.0001202764,0.0001863327,0.00001331875,0.3006058,0.002102455,0.01828272,0.3035967,0.07229178,0.002084268],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849242,0.0001077756,0.004339491,0.0001715816,0.0002131487,0.0001362679,0.00002813262,0.000004473965,0.01007495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903193,5.090992e-7,0.009366371,0.00001733914,0.00003060469,0.00003791901,0.000007245705,0.000004469309,0.0002162855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6954115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4096753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309464362","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1000145","title":"Superposed epoch analysis using time-normalization: A Python tool for statistical event analysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Mitacs; Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Epoch (astronomy); Python (programming language); Normalization (sociology); Physics; Event (particle physics); Time series; Algorithm; Computer science; Astrophysics; Statistics; Mathematics; Galaxy","authors":[{"name":"S. D. Walton","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Murphy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005694685452168075,"gpt":0.2386479885573756,"spread":0.2329533031052075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005455228,0.0001478816,0.000366412,0.0002744925,0.0005842073,0.0001071301,0.0001899403,0.00002027985,0.001019264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005170523,0.0001509764,0.0001740043,0.002019195,0.0001669604,0.0002041237,0.00009858848,0.00009736735,6.28612e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006347459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001458295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002878165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003010276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986494,0.0001025115,0.0002655106,0.0004182828,0.0002136781,0.00035068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995984,0.0000573027,0.0001128327,0.0001373709,0.00002957737,0.00006450667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002995356,0.00007659304,0.6951237,0.000003508999,0.0005890528,5.649358e-7,0.0003188128,0.2872149,0.00001199493,0.006423805,0.0005553473,0.009651713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004435418,0.0001393084,0.01134645,0.000001943011,0.0009357479,2.797181e-7,0.005792763,0.9734954,0.00001388142,0.001895178,0.005665808,0.0002696575],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2600592,0.0000664517,0.7390231,0.00006335681,0.0001231436,0.0001992021,0.0001313633,0.000007980348,0.0003261486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7425751,9.867676e-7,0.2565107,0.00001739088,0.00004637493,0.00005925579,0.0001753986,0.000006230245,0.0006085159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6862805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791385925","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2017.00070","title":"The Virial Factor and Biases in Single Epoch Black Hole Mass Determinations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Israel Science Foundation; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Virial theorem; Supermassive black hole; Virial mass; Black hole (networking); Galaxy; Active galactic nucleus; Quasar; Astronomy; Mass distribution","authors":[{"name":"Julián E. Mejía-Restrepo","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Lira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benny Trakhtenbrot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel M. Capellupo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02088911777784833,"gpt":0.2494214564284282,"spread":0.2285323386505799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001400737,0.0001016371,0.0001207301,0.00007819857,0.0003996192,0.0001640896,0.0001445534,0.00001753253,0.00001375209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001677664,0.00007577321,0.0000215645,0.0002752212,0.001272428,0.0003036496,0.0000511777,0.00008781742,0.000002733824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001927495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005032903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009058891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007493563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991961,0.00004208956,0.0001407731,0.0002347365,0.0000931119,0.0002932261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996775,0.0001017477,0.00005894713,0.00008919862,0.00001917084,0.0000534202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002039877,0.0001032891,0.8726043,0.000002303028,0.00001365255,3.397967e-7,0.001315463,0.001092787,0.0007093411,0.009638758,0.0008337594,0.1136657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003038306,0.00136635,0.7155361,0.0001643815,0.000039424,1.661043e-7,0.04901442,0.09467945,0.004450583,0.05085512,0.07973249,0.001123255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.954826,0.00005119917,0.041894,0.0006491865,0.0002385753,0.0001373146,0.00001392668,0.000005620272,0.00218419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817221,0.000002605542,0.01777236,0.00001369447,0.0001989684,0.00001393152,0.0000019983,0.000003564472,0.0002708051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1570682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4688312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389067313","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1321278","title":"The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, and nuclear astrophysics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Pulsar; Astrophysics; Supernova; Thermal; Particle acceleration; Electron; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Stephen P. Reynolds","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongjun An","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moaz Abdelmaguid","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. A. J. Alford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris L. Fryer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaya Mori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melania Nynka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaegeun Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Terada","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jooyun Woo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aya Bamba","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Bangale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca Diesing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jordan Eagle","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Gabici","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Gelfand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian W. Grefenstette","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chanho Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brydyn Mac Intyre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kristin K. Madsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvia Manconi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yugo Motogami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hayato Ohsumi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara Olmi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Toshiki Sato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"Naomi Tsuji","is_ca":false},{"name":"George Younes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Zoglauer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00561545169794278,"gpt":0.1935458276965655,"spread":0.1879303759986227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003131617,0.0002515349,0.0002816666,0.0001162311,0.000920204,0.0003261789,0.0003905906,0.00003277928,0.00001289764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003312622,0.0001906812,0.00005674256,0.0006140858,0.0007937352,0.0004661024,0.00024928,0.0001955476,0.000008399348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002374786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008307383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003525508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005429001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982621,0.00006082695,0.000231507,0.0005345758,0.0002469909,0.0006639832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994434,0.0000457841,0.0001149106,0.0002373263,0.00002438636,0.0001342556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005044679,0.0000902258,0.09638605,0.000008662972,0.0001020155,0.000003421065,0.0008540677,0.0008572649,0.0004394192,0.3210222,0.005649524,0.5745367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002853508,0.0009235207,0.1111651,0.0001673541,0.00009807944,0.000002542869,0.05923593,0.01824981,0.0003740042,0.2880077,0.5171391,0.001783367],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9048443,0.0004405653,0.08857195,0.002132528,0.0008563743,0.0003029865,0.00006161476,0.00006182557,0.002727781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826505,0.00007454069,0.016282,0.00003558844,0.000259183,0.00001523444,0.00001314558,0.00002098082,0.0006488073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5727533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7775752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294718912","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.978371","title":"Spatial extent of the energetic electron precipitation region during substorms","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Canadian Space Agency; University of Calgary","keywords":"Substorm; Riometer; Ionosphere; Physics; Geophysics; Noise (video); Atmospheric sciences; Flux (metallurgy); Earth's magnetic field; Latitude; Geomagnetic latitude; Satellite; Electron precipitation; Radar; Computational physics; Magnetosphere; Astronomy; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"Emma Bland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tamás Bozóki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noora Partamies","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003514832892029578,"gpt":0.1871769227191415,"spread":0.1836620898271119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001657172,0.00008728826,0.0001158925,0.00004130313,0.0003592976,0.00001992574,0.0002080782,0.00001173546,0.00005016773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002124687,0.00006959736,0.00004842188,0.0002564831,0.0001844179,0.0001259292,0.0001040173,0.0001291302,1.643261e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004605671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008699919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004748809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004995425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992009,0.00007063011,0.0001445409,0.0002052498,0.0001644306,0.0002142379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997194,0.00001108277,0.0001275001,0.0001057158,0.00001121771,0.00002504481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004293819,0.00007160619,0.9459783,0.000006590862,0.00001273388,2.486762e-7,0.001016681,0.01342582,0.0002597835,0.005430135,0.0003587933,0.0333964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00224119,0.0008490921,0.8860565,0.00005713965,0.00004936783,0.000005045216,0.04254458,0.02327543,0.01035548,0.01460709,0.01921158,0.0007475138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9660754,0.0001893223,0.03155656,0.0002226042,0.0005500296,0.0001638045,0.000003106235,0.000004882219,0.0012343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956706,0.000004149213,0.003502829,0.000005262217,0.00004761669,0.0000351574,0.000002769938,0.000004190264,0.0007274118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05992176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2838098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390759311","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1294449","title":"The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): magnetars and other isolated neutron stars","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; Astrophysics Division; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Magnetar; Physics; Neutron star; Astrophysics; Pulsar; Stars; Sensitivity (control systems); Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"J. A. J. Alford","is_ca":false},{"name":"George Younes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zorawar Wadiasingh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moaz Abdelmaguid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongjun An","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matteo Bachetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew G. Baring","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei M. Beloborodov","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Y. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Teruaki Enoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Gelfand","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. V. Gotthelf","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. K. Harding","is_ca":false},{"name":"C-P. Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amruta Jaodand","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. M. Kaspi","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Kouveliotou","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Kuiper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaya Mori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melania Nynka","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Manuel Valverde","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Walton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006305300974138541,"gpt":0.258471277070661,"spread":0.2521659760965224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003757746,0.0001281426,0.0001249228,0.0001278011,0.0003551302,0.0004254152,0.0001781965,0.0000253157,0.00003608642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002458328,0.00008600264,0.00003151367,0.0003132308,0.0006373593,0.0002395042,0.00006714493,0.0001471287,0.000002290322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001549688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009784925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003500111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002612063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989237,0.0000632055,0.0001360906,0.0003399937,0.0001756111,0.000361388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997036,0.00008569068,0.00002893538,0.00008727774,0.00001395059,0.00008054376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008987238,0.0000766186,0.1803603,0.00002801802,0.0001470109,0.00000561348,0.00111265,0.0006834301,0.000958679,0.4751589,0.0148531,0.3265258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006681229,0.0004879548,0.05996636,0.0001114084,0.00002730441,0.000001834048,0.007815002,0.02748886,0.0001313408,0.1704552,0.7323388,0.0005077911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8010821,0.0276289,0.1417779,0.01518593,0.002539545,0.001026052,0.0004237961,0.00005490286,0.01028076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753157,0.0000593455,0.01569579,0.00003440383,0.0001033319,0.00003199977,0.0000105405,0.000009087303,0.008739737],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7174858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4102289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385637869","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1198071","title":"A comparison of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation and ionosonde measurements in sporadic E detection over mid- and low-latitude regions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Ionosonde; Radio occultation; Ionosphere; Occultation; COSMIC cancer database; Latitude; Longitude; Physics; Sporadic E propagation; Satellite; Geodesy; Remote sensing; Geology; Astronomy; Plasma; Electron density","authors":[{"name":"Sahar Sobhkhiz‐Miandehi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yosuke Yamazaki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christina Arras","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Themens","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678055006288054,"gpt":0.2659439987635123,"spread":0.2491634487006318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002849943,0.0001149832,0.0002173725,0.0001410007,0.0001280051,0.00004497464,0.00006891008,0.00003529826,0.000006028615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000582778,0.000112305,0.00002128583,0.0004396565,0.0002508979,0.0003184743,0.00003524445,0.00009735551,4.613558e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002557314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004859227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004769881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004043319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991528,0.00003478959,0.0002106645,0.0002573594,0.0001252346,0.000219142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997302,0.00002497277,0.0001153073,0.00006318912,0.00001436657,0.00005201581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001889247,0.00003209676,0.9496253,0.00001439551,0.00001015955,1.425314e-7,0.001044521,0.001164478,0.0003327575,0.0003937057,0.0001838468,0.0471797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001920633,0.0002443847,0.88687,0.0001286214,0.00002309121,6.37582e-7,0.02125135,0.08179906,0.001268843,0.00514633,0.001029868,0.0003172251],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.960859,0.0002891026,0.03809035,0.00008437909,0.0001635797,0.0002046113,0.000004723426,0.000009791004,0.0002944637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905524,0.00002469323,0.009304585,0.000003899298,0.0000212716,0.00001450351,0.000007840055,0.000004395675,0.00006638309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08063458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4579663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398139385","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2024.1304652","title":"The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): the future of hard X-ray dual AGN science","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Physics; Supermassive black hole; Active galactic nucleus; Astrophysics; Galaxy formation and evolution; X-ray; Algorithm; Computer science; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Ryan W. Pfeifle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Boorman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kimberly A. Weaver","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Büchner","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Civano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristin K. Madsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. Torres-Albà","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Nardini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cláudio Ricci","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefano Marchesi","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. R. Ballantyne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominic Sicilian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chien‐Ting Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elias Kammoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan C. Hickox","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Labani Mallick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005868863391249433,"gpt":0.2093878287938029,"spread":0.2035189654025535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005871824,0.0001502996,0.000164206,0.0001005886,0.000910752,0.0003467713,0.000523218,0.00001952697,0.00001584409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000049544,0.00008111358,0.00006307008,0.001005355,0.002600298,0.0004829989,0.0001308484,0.0001820777,0.000002095507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000255596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003150263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000147449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001031947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986392,0.00005156801,0.0002028796,0.0003810964,0.0003189682,0.0004063502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995009,0.00009516727,0.00007695108,0.000212559,0.00003993259,0.00007445489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009815839,0.00004778068,0.03093983,0.000006587143,0.00003438541,4.503094e-7,0.0008201473,0.002860357,0.000414579,0.7759131,0.00391106,0.1850419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000662845,0.0005229035,0.1321342,0.0001728296,0.00008782123,3.971778e-7,0.05436422,0.02341391,0.001853856,0.140953,0.6450815,0.0007526363],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3575923,0.005135889,0.6130258,0.01487872,0.004239681,0.0004989579,0.00005453794,0.00004768184,0.004526443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9697869,0.00002138296,0.02864905,0.00001927308,0.000478118,0.00004057255,0.000002232921,0.000005836126,0.0009966453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6411704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9580908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323363397","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1034651","title":"Changes in membrane fatty acids of a halo-psychrophile exposed to magnesium perchlorate and low temperatures: Implications for Mars habitability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Regional Development Fund; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; McGill University","keywords":"Perchlorate; Magnesium; Aqueous solution; Chemistry; Chaotropic agent; Psychrophile; Mesophile; Inorganic chemistry; Biochemistry; Food science; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry; Bacteria; Biology; Ion","authors":[{"name":"L. García-Descalzo","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Ángeles Lezcano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Carrizo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alberto González Fairén","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01791214151204705,"gpt":0.2493905728513412,"spread":0.2314784313392941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005400447,0.0001094965,0.0001927706,0.0002788947,0.0001565397,0.00006325091,0.0001560909,0.00002465394,0.000004971253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001208093,0.00009805753,0.00002045295,0.0007538605,0.000286593,0.0003550196,0.00003824695,0.00005968402,0.00000168507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001129657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006988402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006864179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002502663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990749,0.00003310134,0.0001554542,0.0003699553,0.00008180642,0.0002848333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996831,0.00004853513,0.00004911102,0.0001182239,0.00002405861,0.00007698154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000312323,0.00003190508,0.9820068,0.00002526006,0.000003020584,1.167118e-7,0.0012983,0.0008024496,0.006109213,0.0005483209,0.0003325797,0.008810844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072393,0.0003587803,0.9660569,0.00005669438,0.000008284456,3.750066e-7,0.01780027,0.004954847,0.004016798,0.004555886,0.001188362,0.000278913],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863253,0.00005109047,0.00842193,0.004363324,0.0001597728,0.0004850848,0.0001076117,0.00001009614,0.00007577999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817126,0.00001280289,0.01797806,0.00002164423,0.00003742159,0.0001209678,0.00006197146,0.000003085052,0.00005148654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01650197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.399867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229446670","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.893061","title":"Planetary Nebulae as Sources of Chemical Enrichment of the Galaxy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Planetary nebula; Physics; Asymptotic giant branch; Circumstellar envelope; Astrochemistry; Astrophysics; Interstellar medium; Galaxy; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Photosphere; Solar System; Stars; Formation and evolution of the Solar System; Spectral line","authors":[{"name":"Sun Kwok","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005075365001317745,"gpt":0.199504699237103,"spread":0.1944293342357852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000171017,0.00007561007,0.0001641572,0.00005321859,0.0001879961,0.0000099453,0.0002157017,0.000006572409,0.00006003068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001344559,0.00005555052,0.00005059671,0.0002178014,0.0004042584,0.00007305864,0.0002031842,0.00009590745,2.701707e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001007324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000589035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001580593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.508558e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993123,0.00003573177,0.0001679166,0.0001304873,0.0002109063,0.0001426856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997125,0.0000174572,0.0001511376,0.0000865198,0.00001060944,0.0000217722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001689061,0.00005591012,0.971565,0.000006065324,0.00002994927,8.0103e-8,0.001638282,0.002099968,0.00008060901,0.009027608,0.001012693,0.01446695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004432304,0.001499298,0.3553112,0.0001194407,0.0001771536,0.000005657138,0.3943633,0.01082993,0.02914568,0.07006672,0.1326889,0.001360557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914934,0.0002166219,0.004782456,0.0002506697,0.000184469,0.0001057918,0.00003641604,0.000002077722,0.002928072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912545,0.000001371878,0.008614005,0.000007873634,0.00002210784,0.00001244442,0.000002985164,0.000001727368,0.00008300175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6162539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2265285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225434602","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.825019","title":"Sulfur- and Iron-Rich Mineralogical Features Preserved in Permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic: Analogs for the Astrobiological Exploration of Mars","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Colorado Boulder; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Natural Resources Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Canadian Light Source; University of Calgary; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pyrite; Jarosite; Geology; Hematite; Mars Exploration Program; Weathering; Mineral; Permafrost; Mineralogy; Iron sulfide; Astrobiology; Carbonate; Geochemistry; Sulfur; Arctic; Sulfide minerals; Carbon fibers; Sulfide; Carbonate minerals; Pyrrhotite; Chemistry; Materials science; Calcite","authors":[{"name":"Graham Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher B. Trivedi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen E. Grasby","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Spear","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie Cosmidis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexis S. Templeton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02281750072490303,"gpt":0.2277243307944407,"spread":0.2049068300695377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009790892,0.00008736222,0.0001333747,0.0001464702,0.0003900114,0.00008079672,0.00027935,0.00002097937,0.00002494246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001340217,0.00005276375,0.00001886802,0.0003825223,0.0003692562,0.000379378,0.00004430717,0.0001745922,1.79742e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002886811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009857358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03019236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08687414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990751,0.0001511286,0.0001476515,0.0002353529,0.0001273751,0.0002633629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996979,0.0001190865,0.00005786593,0.00007941892,0.000009556795,0.00003616529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002638479,0.0000261263,0.9794113,0.000002084888,0.000002602291,5.145167e-7,0.001335087,0.01290269,0.00002882639,0.002793111,0.001088639,0.002382652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004483948,0.000270967,0.9438698,0.000006728305,0.000005969563,9.017957e-7,0.04174894,0.004471162,0.00000975722,0.003964337,0.005090843,0.0001121926],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905255,0.0002428909,0.001947877,0.006281749,0.0001661189,0.0004736508,0.0002269057,0.00000153002,0.0001337084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995711,0.000007641535,0.003792029,0.00006690102,0.00003486915,0.0001152583,0.0002347604,0.000001278255,0.00003628886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05668178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9762657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308868578","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2022.1031407","title":"Ensemble deep learning models for prediction and uncertainty quantification of ground magnetic perturbation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Earth's magnetic field; Ensemble forecasting; Geomagnetic storm; Bayesian probability; Ground truth; Space weather; Computer science; Environmental science; Meteorology; Statistics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"Talha Siddique","is_ca":false},{"name":"Md Shaad Mahmud","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0103866573914913,"gpt":0.209798892092091,"spread":0.1994122347005997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003298272,0.00007777895,0.0001200534,0.0000547017,0.0003571446,0.00003733002,0.00007457836,0.0000157217,0.00002661062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000431522,0.00008044269,0.00002231301,0.0001827744,0.0001482883,0.0002373479,0.00003938701,0.00008693743,5.878518e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002286714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004604092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001873251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001283159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99932,0.00004903581,0.0001470793,0.0002320436,0.00009853524,0.000153268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997535,0.00003791646,0.00009974097,0.00005406181,0.00002767886,0.00002711003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005962082,0.00006193574,0.1527856,0.00001919669,0.00001219419,4.281233e-8,0.001784784,0.4676223,0.0001604006,0.04587889,0.0001650009,0.33145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004254889,0.0004183902,0.004643005,0.000005876016,0.00001249236,3.470971e-7,0.02385024,0.9445816,0.00002831417,0.02228864,0.003644573,0.0001010889],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3180681,0.0004469043,0.6798749,0.00009458081,0.000190484,0.0002427601,0.00001745342,0.000006530543,0.001058283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.959871,0.00001211894,0.03932298,0.000003919853,0.00002817338,0.00008153135,0.00004037714,0.000004161846,0.0006357274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6418029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3280358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385720512","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1197358","title":"Efficient galaxy classification through pretraining","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Convolutional neural network; Sky; Artificial intelligence; Astrophysics; Galaxy formation and evolution; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Jesse Schneider","is_ca":true},{"name":"David C. Stenning","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lloyd T. Elliott","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01750100793306008,"gpt":0.2409585794344362,"spread":0.2234575715013762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005585765,0.0001319931,0.0001507082,0.0002094425,0.0003840059,0.0001041163,0.0001888577,0.00002787034,0.00004595561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009263736,0.0001261181,0.00003606639,0.0008461252,0.0004015149,0.0003144953,0.00005283458,0.000111731,0.00002751567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004769232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009953084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005813758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003431799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988087,0.00004656348,0.0002157416,0.0003256128,0.0002060823,0.0003972869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996402,0.00002962271,0.0001134435,0.0001331235,0.00002464054,0.00005902391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000271838,0.00001425752,0.9785078,0.000003996524,0.00000705569,4.82354e-9,0.002737742,0.002215046,0.00001163788,0.01260056,0.001532939,0.002366197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002205735,0.00002926004,0.8998786,0.00001699852,0.000004285699,1.619641e-7,0.02074519,0.07395511,0.00002667755,0.003544381,0.001447972,0.0001307931],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9389469,0.00006527472,0.05580751,0.0004751572,0.0004813803,0.0001894975,0.000006502604,0.00005334883,0.003974426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9566596,0.000004174978,0.04286987,0.000001482696,0.00009151803,0.0000382066,0.00001522882,0.000005864512,0.0003141017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07862926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5142948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389952564","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1288219","title":"Smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","topic":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada","keywords":"Physics; Magnetohydrodynamics; Magnetic field; Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Field (mathematics); Theoretical physics; Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Work (physics); Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Computational physics; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Terrence S. Tricco","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006762328999711276,"gpt":0.2132542800380268,"spread":0.2064919510383155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001262327,0.00005724532,0.00006743195,0.0001482957,0.00009032469,0.00005041207,0.00007079481,0.00001949419,0.000011936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006765122,0.00005633903,0.00001453927,0.0005033268,0.0001131364,0.0002133252,0.00001659027,0.0000567105,0.00001144519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002364239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009647551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001316227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003223569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995529,0.000007670414,0.00008404375,0.0001104503,0.00005476088,0.00019017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999873,0.00001836567,0.000007668524,0.00006141685,0.000004679339,0.00003486424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001592857,0.000006567166,0.1245758,0.000004940338,0.000005561149,8.954847e-7,0.0002275779,0.8524479,0.0002008375,0.003211443,0.003097853,0.01621897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008281353,0.00001626863,0.02020376,0.000005474317,0.000001529879,3.841169e-7,0.0005560678,0.971854,0.00002880176,0.0005936123,0.006592245,0.00006501892],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8939943,0.0001511419,0.1010496,0.000344932,0.0006717148,0.00006754851,0.000004502699,0.0001309669,0.00358535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702472,0.00006074995,0.02905806,0.000005716625,0.00001627926,0.000009062196,0.00000235168,0.000004907976,0.0005956471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1194061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2297439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}