{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":97,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":97,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"00b3c0116912","filters":{"venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W4206072180","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.758744","title":"A Review: Depolymerization of Lignin to Generate High-Value Bio-Products: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Depolymerization; Lignin; Bioproducts; Biochemical engineering; Renewable energy; Renewable resource; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Biofuel; Engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ningning Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna","is_ca":true},{"name":"Quan He","is_ca":true},{"name":"H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04995308172407075,"gpt":0.2621046137758633,"spread":0.2121515320517925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004896101,0.001296941,0.001501718,0.002496461,0.0003381913,0.001474265,0.0007621203,0.001092717,0.004690612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006805061,0.0003268263,0.0005134321,0.003896636,0.0003521859,0.002098802,0.0005905108,0.001377637,0.002678575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005414353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001493462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000712222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001084925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997577,0.00002921758,0.00004150863,0.00005742734,0.0000926153,0.00002155301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995108,0.0001791953,0.0001088181,0.00001295557,0.0001343724,0.0000538736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001217463,0.0001476329,0.0002417048,0.07969699,0.0002618516,0.0004118896,0.0001187578,0.0008418981,0.01279081,0.003993437,0.07038119,0.830992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001190946,0.0001232267,0.0007792036,0.005599266,0.0001590987,0.0008536835,0.00008269195,0.0001114142,0.002286873,0.001160505,0.9888026,0.00002941294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002007114,0.9978801,0.0002471654,0.0002815591,0.0004556763,0.000007571077,0.00003682615,0.00001036363,0.000880003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006485906,0.9980168,0.0003169737,0.0001895496,0.0002384934,0.000006495534,0.00004947151,0.000001968966,0.0005315917],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004690612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0156917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199147880","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.728140","title":"Biomass Torrefaction Process, Product Properties, Reactor Types, and Moving Bed Reactor Design Concepts","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Office of Energy Efficiency; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Idaho Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Torrefaction; Biomass (ecology); Heat of combustion; Pulp and paper industry; Raw material; Water content; Moisture; Materials science; Waste management; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Combustion; Organic chemistry; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Jaya Shankar Tumuluru","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bahman Ghiasi","is_ca":true},{"name":"N.R. Soelberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shahab Sokhansanj","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03713577968318277,"gpt":0.2760699542027672,"spread":0.2389341745195844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005238436,0.0007368209,0.0006318938,0.0004413667,0.0002642958,0.001002115,0.0009253654,0.0007112951,0.001862949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003686573,0.0004865104,0.0004647406,0.0005435888,0.0003567442,0.000966182,0.00017559,0.0005501969,0.0006157594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007240201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002628704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001245799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00166721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997985,0.00003737733,0.0000129925,0.00004167469,0.00008866537,0.0000208137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998869,0.00003937061,0.00002499266,0.000009174518,0.00003255979,0.000007028331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007328426,0.0001913817,0.00200507,0.003148286,0.00006278514,0.0003950885,0.0001466826,0.1696107,0.658745,0.02117902,0.001955695,0.1418275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001493259,0.00154223,0.008869834,0.0001676589,0.0002376278,0.0008079597,0.000220795,0.3097408,0.6179758,0.006066683,0.05408443,0.0001369472],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3571086,0.01697828,0.6024705,0.0005537578,0.0002394724,0.000534499,0.001014397,0.001057481,0.0200431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7689618,0.01291159,0.2038826,0.0001283914,0.0000741289,0.0003892653,0.0008731349,0.0001755057,0.01260349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001862949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006232142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296168375","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.956132","title":"Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Electricity; Fuel cells; Electricity generation; Hydrogen fuel; Coal; Resource (disambiguation); Process engineering; Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Computer science; Waste management; Power (physics); Chemical engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Abhi Parekh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.131435722125954,"gpt":0.3719557012296957,"spread":0.2405199791037418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004382089,0.001035528,0.0009592967,0.002254525,0.0003359123,0.0009952324,0.0006914882,0.0008985419,0.005245762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006019232,0.0003580507,0.0007005635,0.002861812,0.0002220322,0.001511827,0.0005275984,0.001189047,0.002080192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004407672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001050361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009940673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001872617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998224,0.00002212122,0.00002265643,0.00004210274,0.00007002372,0.00002058733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997053,0.0001312686,0.00004820005,0.000008762659,0.00008333887,0.00002324879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008475991,0.0001264413,0.0002476945,0.06647753,0.0001525539,0.0003931989,0.0001330919,0.000976945,0.01156215,0.004465186,0.03168873,0.8836918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007280382,0.0001065809,0.000574888,0.002919492,0.000185836,0.0007888941,0.00005934286,0.00015401,0.002426784,0.001032423,0.9917212,0.00002315462],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000351472,0.9970343,0.0002940381,0.0001998374,0.0002281224,0.00000717586,0.00004564746,0.00001310915,0.001826286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001116465,0.9976013,0.0003024977,0.0001201012,0.0001131503,0.000007052916,0.00005313466,0.00000180823,0.0006845625],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005245762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01754886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154919130","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2015.00042","title":"Recent Advances in Anhydrous Solvents for CO2 Capture: Ionic Liquids, Switchable Solvents, and Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Ionic liquids properties and applications","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Ionic liquid; Anhydrous; Amine gas treating; Solvent; Aqueous solution; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Catalysis","authors":[{"name":"Youngjune Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kun‐Yi Andrew Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ah‐Hyung Alissa Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Petit","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03259345488863225,"gpt":0.2916467263064308,"spread":0.2590532714177985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007272876,0.0007592168,0.0005517161,0.001439973,0.0002614726,0.001002786,0.0005792911,0.0007987787,0.00250695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007029662,0.0004765793,0.0005052682,0.001860337,0.0004577675,0.002031339,0.0007189555,0.001192129,0.00104924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004984033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000508073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005384751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008853657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996778,0.00003754967,0.00003967019,0.00008360077,0.0001185828,0.000042808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993543,0.0003203501,0.0001159105,0.00002859268,0.0001345585,0.00004638373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002060027,0.000273289,0.000931542,0.02882642,0.0001554437,0.0006920494,0.0004636148,0.002346233,0.1298959,0.01975102,0.02291278,0.7935458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001450415,0.0003701066,0.00101296,0.001082765,0.0001651983,0.001706845,0.0001770672,0.00146901,0.07066943,0.002815623,0.9204333,0.00008317767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007432765,0.9785101,0.004636989,0.0007427535,0.0003559552,0.00001698219,0.0000772112,0.000102207,0.008124908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02529234,0.9630798,0.006265857,0.0008301098,0.000693719,0.00004059621,0.0001802055,0.00003662431,0.003580784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00250695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008386552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083886265","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2020.00208","title":"Processing, Carbonization, and Characterization of Lignin Based Electrospun Carbon Fibers: A Review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Lignin; Carbonization; Materials science; Electrospinning; Carbon nanofiber; Nanofiber; Renewable energy; Carbon fibers; Cellulose; Supercapacitor; Pulp and paper industry; Nanotechnology; Carbon nanotube; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Polymer; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite number; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Vida Poursorkhabi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed A. Abdelwahab","is_ca":true},{"name":"Manjusri Misra","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hamdy Khalil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bahram Gharabaghi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amar K. Mohanty","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02958123641836871,"gpt":0.3410209460010876,"spread":0.3114397095827189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003578487,0.0009571375,0.000930998,0.002001757,0.0002583776,0.0007234818,0.0005658873,0.0007099315,0.001792594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004625156,0.0003110455,0.0005786126,0.002372445,0.0002316897,0.001223048,0.0003157206,0.0005777588,0.0008946178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002457591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007262445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006563553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008806138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997872,0.00001960528,0.00003421137,0.00005260514,0.00009048712,0.00001596484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996355,0.0001581569,0.00008759161,0.00001080104,0.00009136709,0.00001663198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001049455,0.0002377565,0.0007141104,0.09237508,0.0002382775,0.0005831966,0.0002027485,0.001752738,0.04602617,0.003833055,0.01545387,0.838478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001388788,0.0004927913,0.003408997,0.006723,0.0005296644,0.002618674,0.0001746561,0.0008289072,0.03061969,0.002514079,0.9519974,0.00007819438],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001654717,0.9957684,0.000828844,0.0001229849,0.0001220478,0.00001003735,0.00007164921,0.00001756144,0.001403654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003977394,0.9940752,0.0007940289,0.00008601369,0.0001108825,0.00001513746,0.0001003298,0.000004428579,0.0008365883],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002001757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005996764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3168521352","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.682008","title":"Assessing the Electrochemical Stability Window of NASICON-Type Solid Electrolytes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles; Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Université Catholique de Louvain","keywords":"Electrochemistry; Fast ion conductor; Electrolyte; Lithium (medication); Materials science; Electrochemical window; Electrode; Redox; Decomposition; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Metallurgy; Ionic conductivity; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Yasmine Benabed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maxime Rioux","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steeve Rousselot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Geoffroy Hautier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mickaël Dollé","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03761404799463267,"gpt":0.344663083742727,"spread":0.3070490357480944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004161734,0.0003345572,0.0002467002,0.0004000703,0.0001858217,0.0004838377,0.0005367737,0.0004079377,0.001404305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007799545,0.0001736916,0.0002200981,0.00035106,0.0002608064,0.0006501293,0.0002720252,0.0005959708,0.0002751993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002919487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002035106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004758155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000850052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997982,0.00001423747,0.00001532987,0.00004064482,0.000106506,0.00002496558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997858,0.00009673357,0.00002517206,0.00001617493,0.00006589168,0.00001015477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002234723,0.00006417462,0.00256064,0.0002657717,0.00002968152,0.0002625434,0.0001261995,0.0108958,0.9701378,0.002294146,0.0002461942,0.01289365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007458149,0.0003092132,0.001787434,0.00001322555,0.00001369218,0.00008659227,0.00008399369,0.05144532,0.9440281,0.0004706122,0.001740214,0.00001410927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848856,0.0009954255,0.0111083,0.00007391161,0.00003704856,0.00002023458,0.0002698353,0.0001701929,0.002439399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992998,0.0005630382,0.00544011,0.00001514923,0.000004005194,0.00002235783,0.0002394034,0.00002063683,0.0006972661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001404305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004697919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283169822","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.862551","title":"Review: High-Entropy Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"High Entropy Alloys Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Anode; Battery (electricity); Materials science; Electrolyte; Electrode; Cathode; Nanotechnology; Lithium-ion battery; Electrochemistry; Energy density; Energy storage; Electronics; Engineering physics; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Engineering; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"James Sturman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elena A. Baranova","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yaser Abu‐Lebdeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01963327638773971,"gpt":0.2789817184288471,"spread":0.2593484420411074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006001745,0.001622832,0.001203354,0.002493742,0.000512487,0.001601236,0.001492036,0.001812675,0.007335028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001027525,0.0005197852,0.0005436862,0.003832156,0.0006616653,0.002753456,0.001024147,0.002416326,0.006786794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007294327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009326693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004917682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009649166,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996507,0.00004447902,0.00005710196,0.00007779438,0.0001341446,0.0000357324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993777,0.0002528771,0.00009977775,0.00002621972,0.0001929585,0.00005047775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000091899,0.0001151171,0.0001454637,0.05935421,0.0001454994,0.0004239134,0.0001469506,0.0006951003,0.01233867,0.01267166,0.1861399,0.7277316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008646113,0.00005171924,0.0002318318,0.001906133,0.00003971746,0.0005079223,0.00003185646,0.00008265176,0.001200213,0.001734533,0.994188,0.00001680194],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002057856,0.9946985,0.0002834334,0.0004774226,0.001765475,0.00001157659,0.00003601113,0.00001836515,0.002503388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001343208,0.9947798,0.0003538278,0.0005999401,0.0009379415,0.00001834995,0.00007105378,0.000007530357,0.001888262],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007335028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02453816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280642238","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.861571","title":"Optimal Scheduling of Demand Side Load Management of Smart Grid Considering Energy Efficiency","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Smart grid; Demand response; Computer science; Energy management; Grid; Scheduling (production processes); Load management; Demand side; Distributed computing; Load balancing (electrical power); Electricity; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Operations management; Environmental economics; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Shoaib Balouch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Abrar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hafiz Abdul Muqeet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Shahzad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harun Jamil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monia Hamdi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdul Sattar Malik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Habib Hamam","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198710179254533,"gpt":0.2541826947727595,"spread":0.2343116768473062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002998043,0.0006071227,0.0006911011,0.0002971375,0.0002407131,0.001122918,0.0005400198,0.00039058,0.002438826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005324911,0.0002561507,0.0003269849,0.0005807539,0.0002107733,0.0007664447,0.0003584725,0.0003835434,0.0003721928],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000605164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008637728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002231596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003025567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997533,0.000076232,0.00001287607,0.00005179073,0.00006381484,0.00004201111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999863,0.00004770559,0.00002344179,0.00001101793,0.00004405545,0.00001058974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009531953,0.00006963652,0.0007449787,0.0003487582,0.00005791201,0.00008159739,0.00005821689,0.8576605,0.005995017,0.02859958,0.003631214,0.1026573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008310612,0.00003985797,0.0003437417,0.00001571726,0.0000150854,0.00002360716,0.00002946365,0.9875185,0.001094635,0.007501768,0.003403479,0.000005791598],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0351011,0.003456515,0.9368103,0.0004796614,0.0001587927,0.00009703296,0.0001369263,0.0003407388,0.02341896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9389933,0.002975001,0.05133118,0.00007033478,0.0001146303,0.00007098525,0.0001366892,0.00008395626,0.006224041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002438826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008158624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381609993","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2023.1132611","title":"An overview of thorium as a prospective natural resource for future energy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources; Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Thorium; Thorium fuel cycle; Nuclear technology; Nuclear fuel; Radioactive waste; Uranium; Spent nuclear fuel; Environmental science; Waste management; Nuclear reactor; Nuclear power; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Physics; Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajesh Kumar Jyothi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leonardo Gadêlha Tumajan Costa de Melo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rafael M. Santos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ho-Sung Yoon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02991163602492628,"gpt":0.3179274006699974,"spread":0.2880157646450711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004751135,0.000603758,0.0004195245,0.001784877,0.000646735,0.001864854,0.0005520547,0.001322968,0.008481345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004482026,0.0002802676,0.0004513127,0.001859162,0.0006178195,0.002509787,0.001126091,0.001621603,0.004199679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001266274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001424482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001493258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002471821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996978,0.00005208608,0.00002862565,0.00005280279,0.0001275414,0.00004122121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999813,0.00007531553,0.00002358529,0.00001045874,0.00005234766,0.00002531353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000904184,0.00009873792,0.0008274821,0.01268023,0.00004895453,0.0005669412,0.000685379,0.001887415,0.01384688,0.1829276,0.0868651,0.6994748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.30074e-7,0.00002761367,0.0001769093,0.0006923735,0.000006527434,0.0002552543,0.00006802761,0.00006229564,0.0004539415,0.005675611,0.9925742,0.000006507929],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001957564,0.904705,0.004688127,0.003892784,0.001833976,0.00004303801,0.0001840975,0.00008896329,0.08260638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009396929,0.965606,0.004451319,0.001232676,0.0008743382,0.00004451682,0.0002632319,0.00004494952,0.01808608],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008481345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02837294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294617538","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.940595","title":"Modelling the significance of value-belief-norm theory in predicting workplace energy conservation behaviour","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Ascription; Structural equation modeling; Energy conservation; Norm (philosophy); Affect (linguistics); Theory of planned behavior; Psychology; Social psychology; Value (mathematics); Energy consumption; Environmental economics; Environmental resource management; Business; Economics; Political science; Ecology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Abdullah Al Mamun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Naeem Hayat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Mohiuddin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anas A. Salameh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohd Helmi Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noor Raihani Zainol","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02131449763708239,"gpt":0.2771367376931897,"spread":0.2558222400561074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00469285,0.0005352433,0.0003150351,0.0009717891,0.0004511339,0.001982585,0.0007001258,0.0007274137,0.00196804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02011717,0.0002556625,0.0007053296,0.0008613741,0.0006891171,0.001299996,0.000826911,0.001053437,0.000225417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001606787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001901449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01706351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01651925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980845,0.001242345,0.00008998746,0.0001993951,0.000219374,0.0001644081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9837037,0.01307545,0.001529875,0.000488357,0.0008270293,0.0003755252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001840629,0.001185011,0.8885807,0.0001239771,0.0002261133,0.0001931011,0.003910243,0.04360877,0.0005272348,0.01604557,0.0006503794,0.04476484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005137307,0.0004948467,0.2258259,0.0001613834,0.0001257073,0.00006501489,0.003461138,0.7454863,0.0006011264,0.02218748,0.00147748,0.00006223563],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716209,0.00008250207,0.02382826,0.0003046601,0.0000198127,0.00008764995,0.0001198207,0.00002625024,0.003910172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956878,0.00004047436,0.003878704,0.00001446397,0.000003467012,0.00006997564,0.0000734791,0.000002326532,0.0002293492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01706351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03392833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293187490","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.877212","title":"Dual Benefits of Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Sequestration: The Impact of CO2 Injection Approach on Oil Recovery","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Enhanced oil recovery; Injector; Oil in place; Residual oil; Injection well; Carbon sequestration; Aquifer; Water injection (oil production); Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Enhanced coal bed methane recovery; Viscous fingering; Oil viscosity; Waste management; Geology; Viscosity; Materials science; Petroleum; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Porous medium; Chemistry; Groundwater; Porosity","authors":[{"name":"Mir Muhammad Mansoor Alam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amjed Hassan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Mahmoud","is_ca":false},{"name":"Najmudeen Sibaweihi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shirish Patil","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03224663177079321,"gpt":0.3012392277042147,"spread":0.2689925959334215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004368651,0.000643271,0.0004832545,0.000459309,0.0002479316,0.0007561996,0.0004176373,0.0007393344,0.0009765797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007798728,0.0002383405,0.0006344981,0.000521271,0.0004473783,0.001090718,0.0004550644,0.0004162978,0.0000837184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006868712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007880928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008207783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01120532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997991,0.00003521345,0.00001222014,0.000033283,0.0000446175,0.0000756469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995465,0.0002476315,0.00007275551,0.00002397978,0.00007271749,0.00003636827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00152514,0.0004944545,0.02566593,0.0005645645,0.0001846925,0.001200187,0.00006494029,0.7993,0.1458189,0.001562978,0.000338923,0.02327937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007323331,0.001902152,0.01771352,0.00003532406,0.0002414823,0.000250448,0.0003659201,0.7883614,0.1888944,0.0007167122,0.00136623,0.00007921558],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938643,0.0003610637,0.003491462,0.00008952411,0.00001412084,0.00002223983,0.0001356877,0.00005423525,0.00196731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984592,0.000156294,0.001076547,0.000008292998,9.150681e-7,0.000005981637,0.0000389183,0.000004544786,0.0002492062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008207783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01632005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201764396","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.699657","title":"Torrefaction and Pelleting of Wheat and Barley Straw for Biofuel and Energy Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Polytechnic; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Pellets; Straw; Pellet; Torrefaction; High-density polyethylene; Materials science; Biochar; Pulp and paper industry; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Moisture; Biofuel; Agronomy; Waste management; Polyethylene; Composite material; Pyrolysis","authors":[{"name":"Obiora S. Agu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lope G. Tabil","is_ca":true},{"name":"Edmund Mupondwa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bagher Emadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01510700746208898,"gpt":0.2581735235599005,"spread":0.2430665160978115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001506325,0.0004573441,0.0002627764,0.0002689996,0.0001525998,0.0002754973,0.0002064804,0.0002151625,0.0007409744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001158235,0.0001582365,0.0003806547,0.0004098901,0.00008260044,0.000252211,0.0001514079,0.0002272021,0.0002064833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002162449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001781116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001683759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004724953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999862,0.00001431749,0.00001121356,0.00002630362,0.00005427901,0.00003192183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999585,0.000004185868,0.00001372572,0.000003713875,0.00001411577,0.000005840227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006136698,0.00001404853,0.0003748626,0.00007915655,0.00001073002,0.0001042524,0.00001159726,0.0001717654,0.9942244,0.0000363742,0.00002789539,0.004883549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004862868,0.0002186657,0.007724146,0.000006815286,0.00002048436,0.0001689566,0.00004788652,0.0007040655,0.9894482,0.00002134976,0.001628057,0.000006415081],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993094,0.001315968,0.004323488,0.00002874246,0.00002470823,0.00001993566,0.0002136673,0.00003195513,0.0009475742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910367,0.001370909,0.004654364,0.00002035026,0.000005751286,0.00001821279,0.0002953515,0.0000191139,0.002579205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001683759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003347933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297312155","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.1015465","title":"An eco-technoeconomic analysis of hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells that accounts for long-term degradation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Electrolysis; Chemistry; Environmental science; Materials science; Electrode; Electrolyte; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mina Naeini","is_ca":true},{"name":"James S. Cotton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas A. Adams","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04558766420815305,"gpt":0.3528352649467684,"spread":0.3072476007386153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000341667,0.0005335613,0.0004842495,0.0003666776,0.000180532,0.0005286147,0.0003557224,0.0006110977,0.001078271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006856815,0.0001996317,0.0008127174,0.0003479523,0.000311433,0.0004886171,0.0002896912,0.0005824724,0.0001175965],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001080426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006272173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006680674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004832237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998682,0.00002497256,0.000005368835,0.00002325416,0.000052403,0.00002584471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997478,0.0001482949,0.00003122168,0.0000177653,0.00004545345,0.00000943238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008352561,0.00006345537,0.001976193,0.00007516305,0.00002886474,0.0000745962,0.00001373907,0.9627467,0.02614325,0.001800489,0.00009520511,0.006898797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005333189,0.0001144609,0.002006506,0.000003317828,0.00001526542,0.00002347463,0.0000202741,0.9786472,0.0180354,0.0006678928,0.0004511584,0.000009721],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8536596,0.0006453787,0.1343145,0.000248208,0.00003324278,0.000114518,0.0007862322,0.0001142872,0.01008402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935493,0.0002564006,0.004629278,0.00001682964,0.000003198257,0.00004317779,0.0001354643,0.00001121812,0.001355215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006680674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01328355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163981207","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.679061","title":"A Mini-Review on Applications of 3D Printing for Microbial Electrochemical Technologies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Scalability; Commercialization; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Biochemical engineering; Scale (ratio); Risk analysis (engineering); 3D printing; Emerging technologies; Process engineering; Systems engineering; Data science; Engineering; Materials science; Medicine; Mechanical engineering; Business","authors":[{"name":"Tae Hyun Chung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bipro Ranjan Dhar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01736329063272136,"gpt":0.2883065239252927,"spread":0.2709432332925713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008101452,0.001188852,0.001194217,0.002914461,0.0003365501,0.00167965,0.0009373178,0.001115668,0.0103241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001175904,0.0005369825,0.001108683,0.003090116,0.0003340607,0.002068745,0.0007761469,0.001431433,0.004777437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005429325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001357535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006472437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00100933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994923,0.00007731863,0.00009673378,0.00009527638,0.000190591,0.0000477681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991885,0.0003829732,0.0001138914,0.00002902041,0.0002396311,0.00004600109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001116203,0.0001233478,0.0002527723,0.05842522,0.0001769247,0.0004434049,0.0001436359,0.0006623529,0.02177183,0.006481108,0.05106429,0.8603434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006408277,0.0001068863,0.0004777919,0.002562276,0.000143295,0.0009153898,0.00004854702,0.0001754885,0.00558325,0.0009898054,0.9889625,0.00002841683],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004019525,0.9936556,0.001320708,0.0003790567,0.001168984,0.00001975842,0.00008325683,0.00003371187,0.002936946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001967154,0.9924907,0.00143407,0.0004396229,0.0006921835,0.00003231281,0.0001547223,0.0000153197,0.002773902],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0103241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03453755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121158623","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2020.616665","title":"Materials and Structure Design for Solid-State Zinc-Ion Batteries: A Mini-Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advanced battery technologies research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Energy storage; Battery (electricity); Nanotechnology; Solid-state; Materials science; Electrolyte; Engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering physics; Chemistry; Electrode; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Evan J. Hansen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jian Liu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0384646988379115,"gpt":0.3302481431675331,"spread":0.2917834443296216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007428957,0.0009534059,0.001027038,0.001256282,0.0002820924,0.0009851702,0.001452014,0.001248784,0.003832598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008590565,0.000493593,0.0005523547,0.001608706,0.0003924293,0.002213467,0.0007833275,0.001274999,0.002118895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004976224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009051067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006461929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001009081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997883,0.00002097937,0.00003846415,0.00004277409,0.00008399332,0.00002542934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997079,0.0001159808,0.00004453938,0.00001173163,0.0001018415,0.00001794917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008686283,0.0001632662,0.0003032403,0.04784035,0.0001398928,0.0002766124,0.0001343052,0.002572441,0.02518943,0.02183011,0.03195064,0.8695128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001757785,0.0001781519,0.0003447458,0.002618162,0.0001414183,0.0008205,0.0000691393,0.0006384995,0.01190998,0.003768597,0.9794605,0.00003273764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007276469,0.9963039,0.0009825324,0.0002606471,0.0003089628,0.00001460155,0.00003869676,0.00001432081,0.00134869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002463606,0.9947311,0.001264529,0.000200016,0.0001848167,0.00002112071,0.00008010346,0.000007505826,0.001047293],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003832598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01282138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194765324","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.729034","title":"Recent Advances in Model Predictive and Sliding Mode Current Control Techniques of Multiphase Induction Machines","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Benchmark (surveying); Model predictive control; Control theory (sociology); Sliding mode control; Nonlinear system; Computer science; Transient (computer programming); Control engineering; Field (mathematics); Stability (learning theory); Engineering; Control (management); Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Jorge Rodas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ignacio González‐Prieto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yassine Kali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maarouf Saad","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jesús Doval‐Gandoy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02830234109456825,"gpt":0.3201558130018827,"spread":0.2918534719073145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006232701,0.0005507116,0.000458529,0.0005591441,0.0001256576,0.0007377688,0.0007630286,0.0004512095,0.002358899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001238953,0.0002233814,0.0003258084,0.000930789,0.0004451335,0.001011327,0.0005079795,0.001032549,0.0005912799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002405394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000324942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003325551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002574437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996265,0.00004911919,0.00002981936,0.00008365008,0.0001918046,0.00001906292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990029,0.0004002285,0.0001151935,0.0001485298,0.000298409,0.00003483424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001453976,0.0001078274,0.0006103643,0.001931934,0.00004861835,0.00009837816,0.0001910968,0.04240639,0.03249836,0.01448115,0.001651784,0.9058287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008581594,0.00197046,0.005950099,0.0005771747,0.0002763674,0.001146774,0.0002055871,0.6354983,0.1067219,0.02570069,0.2217434,0.0001233374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04389669,0.1098701,0.8164572,0.001254673,0.0006400623,0.0001179514,0.0001109002,0.001183835,0.0264687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7501788,0.07813032,0.1570465,0.0003584658,0.001110358,0.000103034,0.0003960146,0.0001460164,0.01253055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002358899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007891238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224925155","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.773440","title":"Smart EV Charging Strategies Based on Charging Behavior","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Software deployment; Idle; Scheduling (production processes); Load shifting; Smart grid; Electricity; Grid; Computer science; Peak demand; Demand response; Automotive engineering; Electric vehicle; Reliability engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Operations management","authors":[{"name":"Shivam Singh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Binod Vaidya","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hussein T. Mouftah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01614806539424707,"gpt":0.2613958481259178,"spread":0.2452477827316707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004106504,0.0006267244,0.0005332451,0.0004540118,0.0003051182,0.0007869495,0.0008529859,0.0003773079,0.001167578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001335905,0.0002092098,0.0003038551,0.0003389798,0.0002958271,0.0008217135,0.0004831895,0.0002905401,0.0003438393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003935338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004890062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001159006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001286305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996167,0.00007952919,0.00002701183,0.00007687194,0.0001134312,0.0000863138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996763,0.00008435701,0.00006885359,0.00003776895,0.00009693574,0.0000357655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003872106,0.0001477127,0.004516821,0.0001530671,0.00006798904,0.0002241858,0.0001811563,0.8239011,0.02535873,0.01493607,0.001810132,0.1283158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001411684,0.00007783709,0.0009906719,0.000008373288,0.00001879733,0.00009348764,0.00006524666,0.9905607,0.002796412,0.00418883,0.001170568,0.0000149667],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1852173,0.0006176629,0.7939869,0.0002707153,0.0001228462,0.0001491226,0.00008219514,0.0007088391,0.01884445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987491,0.0001470135,0.01102481,0.00004464978,0.00001413662,0.00002697272,0.00003542935,0.00002115603,0.001194795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001167578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003905892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922865316","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2019.00028","title":"Roles of Ti in Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Anode; Electrochemistry; Cathode; Materials science; Electrode; Sodium; Ion; Redox; Lithium (medication); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Inorganic chemistry; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Physical chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yuesheng Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wen Zhu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdelbast Guerfi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chisu Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karim Zaghib","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01714437622283181,"gpt":0.2868846016070246,"spread":0.2697402253841927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004049111,0.000437541,0.0004364719,0.0006764247,0.0002902624,0.000892278,0.0005714541,0.0008120938,0.00149495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003771482,0.0002133681,0.00036733,0.0005517506,0.0002960945,0.001186203,0.0004571277,0.0006828936,0.0009399775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005188442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004054653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004896304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007782454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997715,0.00003415938,0.00002936243,0.00003787791,0.00009127126,0.00003581608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999187,0.00003298369,0.00001013845,0.000004120357,0.00002811371,0.000005933885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002274983,0.00007604613,0.001165565,0.01536298,0.0001094615,0.001314018,0.000579814,0.002545273,0.5773193,0.06759804,0.008714488,0.3249874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001868057,0.0003457385,0.0008945882,0.0009384041,0.0001604914,0.002237774,0.0004253484,0.002484534,0.3690306,0.01804904,0.6053575,0.00005727398],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05093613,0.8799347,0.0222074,0.002593628,0.002475407,0.00007794049,0.0002771356,0.0001813324,0.04131628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2552387,0.7055071,0.01687883,0.0009859976,0.0009035279,0.00008092272,0.0003405412,0.0000904574,0.01997397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00149495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005001068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086955396","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2014.00009","title":"Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure, Chemical Stability, and Electrical Properties of Transition Metal or Yb-Doped BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Fe, Ni, Co, and Yb)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary","keywords":"Materials science; Sintering; Perovskite (structure); Orthorhombic crystal system; Dopant; Doping; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Conductivity; Mineralogy; Nuclear chemistry; Crystal structure; Crystallography; Metallurgy; Physical chemistry; Physics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Behzad Mirfakhraei","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farshid Ramezanipour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Paulson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Viola Birss","is_ca":true},{"name":"Venkataraman Thangadurai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198554935389616,"gpt":0.2996018381984498,"spread":0.2797463446594882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002145636,0.0001993832,0.0002492946,0.0001400871,0.0001176706,0.0002560902,0.0001587539,0.0001525466,0.000957044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004403959,0.0002464513,0.0001826884,0.0002197517,0.0001648125,0.0001984947,0.0001101291,0.0002371188,0.0001719894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001786021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001512542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000774154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001962769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998753,0.00001251493,0.00002071087,0.00003519827,0.00003279119,0.00002345645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996754,0.0001152851,0.00007949988,0.00002493137,0.00007366294,0.00003127497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002366455,0.00001124651,0.0008651445,0.00006212262,0.00001085066,0.00005669593,0.00006100606,0.0001456551,0.9976788,0.00002535942,0.00001923284,0.0008272064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007505655,0.0001166964,0.005336062,0.000003874583,0.00002000876,0.00004628475,0.00003306724,0.0007748849,0.9934152,0.000007599243,0.0002352929,0.000003456348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990926,0.0003109768,0.0002288525,0.00001419125,0.000009175583,0.000003289218,0.00009087163,0.00001113798,0.0002390211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984521,0.0003172208,0.000465036,0.00001055996,0.000004518758,0.000007534823,0.0001621127,0.00002143021,0.0005595871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000957044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003201604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139172156","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.831462","title":"Industrial Flexibility as Demand Side Response for Electrical Grid Stability","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research – Supply of Electricity","keywords":"Renewable energy; Electricity; Grid; Flexibility (engineering); Environmental economics; Demand response; Electric power system; Scheduling (production processes); Wind power; Computer science; Unit cost; Operations management; Engineering; Economics; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Alessio Santecchia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ivan Kantor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rafael Castro-Amoedo","is_ca":false},{"name":"François Maréchal","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07530064683355576,"gpt":0.3108309628670985,"spread":0.2355303160335427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009795518,0.0004635443,0.0003240016,0.0004902212,0.0004079542,0.00190065,0.0006778535,0.0007039406,0.006766126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002229981,0.0001816909,0.00042619,0.0007648544,0.0009126455,0.001540756,0.0008804058,0.0006630051,0.000460972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001071596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004973168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001281648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993637,0.0002398853,0.00001967822,0.00008438872,0.0002131506,0.00007921486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999193,0.0004130642,0.0001409908,0.0001072927,0.00008537335,0.00006019548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002578589,0.0001009295,0.002244011,0.0001314187,0.00004583772,0.000302141,0.0001706568,0.6388023,0.0102587,0.2523872,0.002571511,0.09272741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000445347,0.0002219672,0.002637439,0.0000610371,0.00002715423,0.0001937184,0.0001792639,0.8187032,0.003030085,0.1610743,0.01376679,0.0000605996],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2080082,0.002012586,0.607837,0.003047385,0.0002829099,0.0001591988,0.0003072369,0.001037375,0.1773081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876489,0.0002297204,0.009754086,0.0000567483,0.00003764936,0.00001852614,0.00003448119,0.00004161887,0.002178252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006766126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02263498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200331085","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.777796","title":"RETRACTED: Financial Consideration of Energy and Environmental Nexus with Energy Poverty: Promoting Financial Development in G7 Economies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":true,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Poverty; Energy poverty; Sustainability; Energy independence; Energy consumption; Economics; Economic growth; Natural resource economics; Development economics; Ecology; Engineering; Renewable energy","authors":[{"name":"Jialiang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoxia Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongda Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sajid Iqbal","is_ca":false}],"retraction":{"nature":"Retraction","openalex_flagged":true},"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02079792513175433,"gpt":0.209891327893904,"spread":0.1890934027621497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005370069,0.001098094,0.000895768,0.001448598,0.006857186,0.008425601,0.004606383,0.01576418,0.01532936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03408315,0.0005156344,0.001008301,0.001884613,0.004265031,0.008239008,0.005591298,0.02372135,0.008824533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005469399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0174694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05573662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03539651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958937,0.0007433607,0.0005410003,0.0005513403,0.001662446,0.0006081372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9750045,0.006929695,0.00107729,0.001092747,0.01327368,0.002622152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000125283,0.00002573893,0.0006616384,0.0001256469,0.000008529418,0.0002680227,0.0007713668,0.00005570632,0.000138531,0.008180389,0.974625,0.01512684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001006916,0.00003203676,0.002415842,0.000477421,0.00001656845,0.0002539643,0.00208118,0.0002854956,0.0003307231,0.003842051,0.9902003,0.00005440565],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003487332,0.006191008,0.001769716,0.775181,0.1963345,0.0001185989,0.0006411893,0.0003594697,0.01591725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03888236,0.0098179,0.004548212,0.6941581,0.07280561,0.0002936169,0.0006573218,0.0005902848,0.1782466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9842358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1108244,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138148122","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.648857","title":"Influencing Factors, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emission of Central Heating in China: A Supply Chain Perspective","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Social Science Fund of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; University of International Business and Economics","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Energy consumption; Coal; Heating degree day; Environmental science; Energy supply; Consumption (sociology); China; Heating system; Natural resource economics; Environmental engineering; Environmental economics; Energy (signal processing); Waste management; Economics; Engineering; Geography; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Guixian Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhaoyang Kong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiajia Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiucheng Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qingzhe Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ke Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiaman Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chade Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xin Wan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01293435800880408,"gpt":0.281336952053101,"spread":0.2684025940442969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007205822,0.0004516696,0.0002792812,0.001812041,0.0005948733,0.0009285507,0.0003855219,0.0003024303,0.001274109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081047,0.0003338776,0.0008452784,0.002664753,0.0005976041,0.000710279,0.0006415359,0.0003083751,0.00009951713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003155252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003223642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1544463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1607185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995957,0.00005776306,0.00003223927,0.00007793868,0.0001033825,0.000132921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992226,0.0002223516,0.0001867712,0.00005341836,0.0002074,0.0001074593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004553182,0.00006200789,0.9813476,0.00006356645,0.0001415019,0.0002868717,0.0007937498,0.008691438,0.0013529,0.001037622,0.0001940971,0.00598317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005791028,0.00005897105,0.9831693,0.00002246798,0.00008443998,0.00004836825,0.001817584,0.01256796,0.0007214581,0.0005829739,0.0009027416,0.00001786718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983385,0.0001411459,0.0003118642,0.00008307576,0.000002058176,0.0000121188,0.0001911478,0.00000538266,0.0009147059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999188,0.0001318752,0.0001474942,0.000008035774,0.000002277397,0.000007161602,0.0002163926,0.000001718506,0.0002970697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1544463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3070945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408636306","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2025.1531655","title":"Exploring the emerging role of large language models in smart grid cybersecurity: a survey of attacks, detection mechanisms, and mitigation strategies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Toronto Metropolitan University","keywords":"Computer security; Computer science; Smart grid; Grid; Engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Nourhan Ibrahim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rasha Kashef","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02822812865684494,"gpt":0.2829601072031305,"spread":0.2547319785462855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003937851,0.0007368339,0.001016616,0.003010168,0.0005869368,0.005295539,0.0009366165,0.001461369,0.002043258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009279439,0.0007252925,0.001253366,0.003267235,0.00193353,0.01102237,0.001370156,0.003268998,0.0006773143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002075528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001949498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004938976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004838588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998176,0.0008686261,0.0001630207,0.0002422466,0.0004453626,0.0001046915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.984479,0.01332544,0.0005051722,0.0005751213,0.0009367638,0.0001784175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001190033,0.0001349484,0.006727597,0.003067293,0.0002594654,0.0004088321,0.003077185,0.05188768,0.002742693,0.6051759,0.01544783,0.3109516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000143445,0.00008571611,0.002248878,0.0011996,0.0001039346,0.0004529757,0.001687939,0.1903665,0.001402427,0.6656101,0.1367282,0.0000994146],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03663095,0.2279914,0.6642603,0.04132177,0.0006020474,0.0001324989,0.001124713,0.0009891281,0.02694722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4733036,0.2704087,0.2368474,0.00648252,0.00214288,0.0003506458,0.002465634,0.0005063047,0.00749242],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005295539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02082562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413799194","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2025.1651471","title":"Comprehensive review of emerging trends in thermal energy storage mechanisms, materials and applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Software deployment; Renewable energy; Thermal energy storage; Computer science; Systems engineering; Energy storage; Process engineering; Efficient energy use; Biochemical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Collins Chike Kwasi-Effaha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ogheneochuko Okpako","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03307528783156037,"gpt":0.3344667594623875,"spread":0.3013914716308271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004554313,0.0006544848,0.0007940351,0.002041107,0.0002628426,0.0009655167,0.0005094393,0.0005400124,0.00520233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006024925,0.000285466,0.0004926656,0.002935743,0.000185069,0.001381109,0.0004608165,0.0007119417,0.001459563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004080666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009297968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002088358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997966,0.00002767001,0.00003602687,0.00003871077,0.00008052051,0.00002050446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997044,0.0001254518,0.00005212261,0.000009453368,0.00008924949,0.00001934935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133855,0.00009896109,0.0005184003,0.06491968,0.0001969986,0.0003210716,0.0001919298,0.001377537,0.01945757,0.009100735,0.05009294,0.8536108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005636508,0.0001101713,0.001062098,0.003501442,0.0001866379,0.0005142924,0.00009732238,0.0002596276,0.002412705,0.001968498,0.9898558,0.00002576731],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008453245,0.9951063,0.0005570428,0.000398361,0.0002639059,0.000009270505,0.0001496797,0.00002149151,0.00264867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002235086,0.9956166,0.0005851068,0.0001897942,0.0001958817,0.000009727482,0.0001692764,0.000003805989,0.0009947739],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00520233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01740348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297394779","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.1007260","title":"Global antimony supply risk assessment through the industry chain","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Social Science Fund of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Supply chain; Business; Antimony; Index (typography); Upstream (networking); Downstream (manufacturing); Midstream; China; Petroleum industry; Engineering; Geography; Environmental engineering","authors":[{"name":"Junhui Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deyi Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongguang Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02688339987166448,"gpt":0.3422163778477805,"spread":0.315332977976116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008537605,0.0005559201,0.0002724623,0.004826145,0.0004248684,0.001653604,0.0003549638,0.0007223977,0.002079841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003116192,0.0001883016,0.0005796705,0.004272673,0.0004825626,0.00280883,0.001804589,0.0003869342,0.0003037731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001109525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004855928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006707595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004673508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994121,0.0001325849,0.00003569533,0.00009762753,0.00025797,0.00006403474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984458,0.0004035872,0.000529012,0.00008613429,0.0004574285,0.00007803969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002548773,0.0001087243,0.6033126,0.0004540973,0.000544504,0.001889598,0.001341745,0.2442819,0.005822803,0.03366741,0.004401531,0.1039203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002211804,0.0002720796,0.2912386,0.0002333122,0.0004374064,0.0008800054,0.00282735,0.6277727,0.007096246,0.04662739,0.02245569,0.0001369496],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9249824,0.001513381,0.04731876,0.0005758765,0.00002880987,0.0001051522,0.001826698,0.0001420177,0.02350699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947319,0.0004933423,0.002830498,0.00002404429,0.00001015256,0.00002282611,0.0006579866,0.00001280183,0.00121629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006707595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01333714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137888195","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.636938","title":"Identification of Suitable Biomass Torrefaction Operation Envelops for Auto-Thermal Operation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Korea Institute of Science and Technology","keywords":"Torrefaction; Biomass (ecology); Pulp and paper industry; Process engineering; Waste management; Environmental science; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Huimin Yun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ziliang Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaotao Bi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wei‐Hsin Chen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0208167997269075,"gpt":0.2794897637722542,"spread":0.2586729640453467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004185145,0.0004788072,0.0005356651,0.0004814916,0.0001977297,0.000506375,0.0002705668,0.0001908079,0.001363214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008161219,0.0001794807,0.0003865947,0.0003870815,0.0001690121,0.0005890917,0.0002228513,0.0002754666,0.000328792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003463068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000283298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006865439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001303632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998584,0.00001916221,0.00001347461,0.00003391422,0.00004579505,0.00002929444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997459,0.00008910802,0.00005512176,0.00002895122,0.00006946096,0.00001141538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004049467,0.00007166997,0.005867795,0.0004325432,0.00001986017,0.0001455967,0.0001698028,0.01867916,0.9078184,0.000682488,0.0001906877,0.06551694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001335033,0.0003852592,0.03283673,0.00003615868,0.00004532202,0.0001116091,0.0002193249,0.08980829,0.873495,0.0003930361,0.00261926,0.00003665557],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8821765,0.0005809402,0.1144235,0.00003442155,0.00001690617,0.000123072,0.000351803,0.0005119919,0.001780946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636111,0.0003009342,0.03521223,0.000006014624,0.000002147898,0.00006296492,0.0002427226,0.00009665514,0.0004652127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001363214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004560411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212236747","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.735551","title":"Energy Efficiency and Pollution Control Through ICTs for Sustainable Development","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Russian Science Foundation","keywords":"Sustainable development; Environmental pollution; Government (linguistics); Efficient energy use; Environmental economics; Control (management); Block (permutation group theory); Business; Pollution; Developing country; Environmental protection; Computer science; Environmental science; Economic growth; Engineering; Political science; Ecology; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Elena G. Popkova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agnessa O. Inshakova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aleksei V. Bogoviz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Svetlana V. Lobova","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02905516940590553,"gpt":0.2467561902826532,"spread":0.2177010208767476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00238697,0.0005838118,0.0003066465,0.002151366,0.0006827009,0.004765599,0.0005379861,0.0008410368,0.005322147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004263683,0.0001406595,0.0006803164,0.003095633,0.001625515,0.00307755,0.003035849,0.001040405,0.000941416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002400986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0047973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004233465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00504026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967585,0.000978006,0.000162771,0.0002276582,0.001506705,0.0003664123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972356,0.0008119076,0.0004149853,0.0003937862,0.0009937346,0.000150019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007690584,0.0002712855,0.02925122,0.001332895,0.0001378941,0.0002321726,0.0009938186,0.01788751,0.004659182,0.5531181,0.0109616,0.3810774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002626838,0.0004621287,0.06886467,0.002443387,0.0001901658,0.0004073692,0.006554466,0.02550472,0.02178987,0.3318114,0.5418263,0.00011922],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1322872,0.0132051,0.1436942,0.01379648,0.0005349461,0.0005808657,0.0009907897,0.0005902488,0.6943201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9237645,0.008835055,0.04329617,0.00078608,0.00009176617,0.0002718239,0.0006409877,0.0000736756,0.02224002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005322147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01780438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216423019","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.720406","title":"Forecasting Electricity Load With Hybrid Scalable Model Based on Stacked Non Linear Residual Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Computer science; Residual; Convolutional neural network; Scalability; Time series; Mean squared error; Multilayer perceptron; Artificial intelligence; Perceptron; Deep learning; Artificial neural network; Pattern recognition (psychology); Algorithm; Machine learning; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ayush Sinha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raghav Tayal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aamod Vyas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pankaj Pandey","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. P. Vyas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03351865259392544,"gpt":0.2506167934675062,"spread":0.2170981408735808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003083013,0.0007801162,0.0008521248,0.0004043886,0.0001878218,0.0006443165,0.0007191662,0.0005968846,0.001420154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000528974,0.0003606284,0.0008421291,0.0004219555,0.0001903217,0.0007287462,0.0004007616,0.0007329325,0.0003106102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004299511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005668376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02319372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01833534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998527,0.00002220889,0.000009972293,0.00005556172,0.00003388593,0.00002573877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998517,0.00006175847,0.00002174764,0.00001216285,0.00004400956,0.000008676556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004698053,0.00003313472,0.0007347685,0.00002207516,0.0000436036,0.00005510945,0.00001332984,0.9743585,0.001700504,0.0006442554,0.0005141051,0.02183362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.04027e-7,0.000003347494,0.00005869539,3.888637e-7,0.000001466261,0.000001223547,6.706504e-7,0.9997497,0.00007317289,0.00008421931,0.00002530889,9.956477e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.230449,0.001307155,0.7564937,0.0005054613,0.0001876741,0.00006105449,0.0006581063,0.003780957,0.006556829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683866,0.0002923153,0.0267994,0.00008460331,0.00005122659,0.00005715687,0.0006029213,0.00006624057,0.003659577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02319372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04611742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3160168235","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.673758","title":"Combining Oxidative Torrefaction and Pyrolysis of Phragmites australis: Improvement of the Adsorption Capacity of Biochar for Tetracycline","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Torrefaction; Phragmites; Pyrolysis; Adsorption; Charcoal; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Shilin Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mengjiao Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongliang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jinguang Hu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Changzhu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tingzhou Lei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuan Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zijian Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jing Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoli Qin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hui Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03501203392822901,"gpt":0.2889714085643487,"spread":0.2539593746361197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001323837,0.0003992774,0.0001930055,0.000227641,0.00009939991,0.0001956394,0.0002030373,0.0002716797,0.002355709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001246262,0.0001457696,0.0004242553,0.0001973776,0.00008979289,0.0002482199,0.0002021113,0.0004146462,0.0003296175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001878008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001814197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001895449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005727935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999101,0.00000547433,0.0000056482,0.00002176509,0.00002509776,0.00003184197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999614,0.000007671542,0.000008471289,0.000004186152,0.000009464557,0.000008825378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008605059,0.00002308252,0.000125858,0.00007820268,0.00001033415,0.00002862138,0.00000875382,0.0001922028,0.9958569,0.00003035992,0.00007677454,0.003482709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005627238,0.0001543747,0.002384532,0.000005624674,0.00002394853,0.00003401358,0.00001361113,0.001110524,0.9953198,0.00002018069,0.0009227254,0.000005122945],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928007,0.001209687,0.003103014,0.0001344497,0.00006315477,0.00002801463,0.000589743,0.0001024618,0.001968615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995867,0.000459708,0.001383369,0.00003302569,0.000007170261,0.000009890026,0.0002268359,0.00001556154,0.001997531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002355709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007880569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973872771","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2014.00036","title":"Recent Developments in Synthesis of xLi2MnO3 · (1 − x)LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn) Cathode Powders for High-Energy Lithium Rechargeable Batteries","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Lithium (medication); Cathode; Energy density; Materials science; High energy; Ion; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"The Nam Long Doan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kimoon Yoo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tuan K.A. Hoang","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03174599528039892,"gpt":0.2911584072818286,"spread":0.2594124120014297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004200149,0.0004273951,0.0002517702,0.0003575186,0.0001740753,0.0003583617,0.0003032477,0.0003498833,0.00097948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002032135,0.0002640875,0.0003264323,0.0003668469,0.0001458839,0.0007801143,0.0003087343,0.0004483818,0.0006812461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002631957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002469273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002623248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005508722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998816,0.00001791718,0.00002110079,0.00002499882,0.00003905835,0.00001522935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999429,0.000009942975,0.00001829993,0.00000665335,0.00001516063,0.000006956014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001248035,0.0001329376,0.0003254345,0.004017801,0.00004309715,0.0002794732,0.0001403714,0.001212506,0.8902602,0.005982323,0.001550435,0.09593076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003783928,0.0003126102,0.001508781,0.0001270859,0.00008100396,0.0008246469,0.00007663218,0.003480842,0.8218957,0.00200952,0.1696066,0.00003881671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.3369839,0.5198216,0.09270498,0.002511995,0.001085937,0.0002654862,0.0006153408,0.0005479043,0.0454629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.552078,0.3507061,0.07981205,0.0008269919,0.0005158085,0.0002389023,0.0008035456,0.0001341868,0.01488433],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00097948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003276706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281295108","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.920654","title":"Over-Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks by Coordinated Operation of PV Inverters and Demand Side Management Program","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Overvoltage; AC power; Photovoltaic system; Voltage regulation; Photovoltaics; Voltage; Electrical engineering; Voltage optimisation; Inverter; Grid-connected photovoltaic power system; Maximum power point tracking; Grid; Power factor; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Seyed Saeid Heidari Yazdi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tohid Rahimi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Saeideh Khadem Haghighian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gevork B. Gharehpetian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Bagheri","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005264643271426013,"gpt":0.2223700611309754,"spread":0.2171054178595494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001869827,0.0003817478,0.0003024701,0.0002167281,0.0002188605,0.0005405518,0.0004181921,0.0001857698,0.0008541686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003747749,0.0001371256,0.0001897261,0.0003663854,0.0001480616,0.0004013861,0.0003841553,0.0002143316,0.0002152558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003102231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003886203,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001671779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002315144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997843,0.00004642153,0.00001100502,0.00006698625,0.00005885314,0.00003246245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998196,0.00002975722,0.00005633459,0.00002755278,0.00005390607,0.00001292127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003042629,0.0003818544,0.007930515,0.0002382335,0.0001066471,0.0002667817,0.0002411894,0.4857022,0.1005408,0.008217322,0.002701804,0.3933682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005609826,0.0004705945,0.007004449,0.00002751127,0.00007430564,0.0001840972,0.0001467064,0.9607671,0.02150811,0.003987281,0.005753589,0.00002007461],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2918518,0.0005561716,0.6869317,0.0002280044,0.00005975032,0.0001388507,0.0001177219,0.001254535,0.01886155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887037,0.00009420518,0.01021744,0.00001536169,0.00001005806,0.00002972598,0.00003480148,0.00001266324,0.0008820596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001671779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003324091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206509301","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.778501","title":"Hybrid Solar Geothermal Heat Pump System Model Demonstration Study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Geothermal gradient; Water cooling; Heating system; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Thermal; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Yujin Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Libing Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Evgueniy Entchev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Soolyeon Cho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eun-Chul Kang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Euy-Joon Lee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03211630973937885,"gpt":0.282676830509814,"spread":0.2505605207704352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002096747,0.0004296875,0.0003903161,0.000153449,0.0002094713,0.0004395321,0.000738061,0.0003724289,0.003886014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002566274,0.0001846315,0.0003400599,0.0001673258,0.0001563376,0.0005506368,0.0002999925,0.0004125662,0.0005987934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003573224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004071677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00400928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003117647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998657,0.00003028862,0.000005944774,0.00003100282,0.00005027409,0.00001680807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998505,0.00004004402,0.00001493372,0.0000288967,0.00005267755,0.00001288426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004914047,0.0003865737,0.00689536,0.0003623308,0.00008534603,0.0005492278,0.0002564916,0.8954208,0.06428882,0.001541796,0.002940453,0.02678137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009374246,0.000638563,0.003467991,0.00000821884,0.00002452677,0.00009707003,0.0000571641,0.9661253,0.0258642,0.0002115424,0.003395323,0.00001645516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9438777,0.0000887514,0.04285685,0.00009945232,0.00002909204,0.0001621556,0.000830204,0.001097395,0.01095832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909694,0.00005563861,0.0053724,0.000009009767,0.000003236993,0.00009301431,0.0003216879,0.00004728233,0.003128444],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00400928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01300001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281685352","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.914291","title":"A Comparative Study of SOC Estimation Based on Equivalent Circuit Models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Estimator; Kalman filter; Extended Kalman filter; Control theory (sociology); Robustness (evolution); Computation; Invariant extended Kalman filter; Noise (video); Computer science; Algorithm; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Jiangtao He","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shujuan Meng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fengjun Yan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.111694345469184,"gpt":0.3562244113934214,"spread":0.2445300659242374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000708813,0.000643659,0.0006439756,0.001262361,0.0002058185,0.0008394548,0.0006077717,0.0005631547,0.001499682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003812574,0.0002199379,0.000606037,0.0007553009,0.0002005585,0.001785091,0.0003422525,0.0003612656,0.0003246568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004438848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004893795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006707017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004653001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993333,0.0001771103,0.00005125528,0.000113486,0.0002694173,0.00005535852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988224,0.0004852982,0.0001058696,0.0001878958,0.0003832018,0.00001543439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002749046,0.00005497733,0.005725279,0.0003376086,0.000121781,0.0001485218,0.0001132263,0.7779845,0.007867677,0.006806402,0.0008830678,0.199682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006165887,0.00005696841,0.00208558,0.00001633301,0.00003381982,0.00006919359,0.0000257494,0.9917777,0.003268974,0.001213893,0.001428427,0.00001733542],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2333872,0.002377484,0.7463607,0.0001963196,0.0001045382,0.00004920592,0.0004416416,0.002654286,0.01442859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756698,0.0007474618,0.02180384,0.0000231813,0.00002300691,0.00002217141,0.0004154124,0.00007212684,0.001222916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006707017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01333594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322502925","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2023.1115459","title":"Sustainable development efficiency and its influencing factors across BRICS and G7 countries: An empirical comparison","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences","keywords":"Sustainable development; China; Per capita; Index (typography); Productivity; Malmquist index; Panel data; Economics; Eco-efficiency; Population; Natural resource economics; Total factor productivity; Development economics; Agricultural economics; Economic growth; Geography; Political science; Econometrics; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Shixiong Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amsalu K. Addis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lipeng Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zuping Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07303886832886346,"gpt":0.3271954177890527,"spread":0.2541565494601892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001745829,0.0004229927,0.0004616457,0.004889065,0.0004375379,0.001391015,0.000370359,0.000337767,0.002025112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004042573,0.0001507289,0.001039959,0.008127445,0.0008458098,0.0008825177,0.001216418,0.0006112835,0.0003491568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001302379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001233407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0271762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01903353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999153,0.0001976509,0.00008697222,0.000117559,0.0002027438,0.0002420567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961432,0.001421669,0.001157839,0.0002355159,0.0008618453,0.0001800327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006303327,0.00008792982,0.9755956,0.0002517276,0.0004196398,0.0005218133,0.001248817,0.004663843,0.0002900386,0.003679896,0.001078813,0.01209882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001006007,0.00007979652,0.9805468,0.0001648791,0.000221126,0.0001811809,0.00978019,0.002775081,0.0004748313,0.0004786219,0.005264028,0.00002339019],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940603,0.0005271761,0.0003431289,0.000106409,0.00000597703,0.00002390267,0.001102216,0.000009954466,0.003820915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971851,0.0004067142,0.0002273264,0.00002585491,0.000006347793,0.00002476292,0.001815094,0.000004396749,0.0003045196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0271762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05403602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755935417","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2017.00022","title":"Overcoming Barriers to Successfully Commercializing Carbon Dioxide Utilization","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Sustainability; Business; Entrepreneurship; Environmental economics; Industrial organization; Dynamic capabilities; Process management; Economics; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Marvin Kant","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09050111549277995,"gpt":0.3401426962104292,"spread":0.2496415807176492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01028154,0.0003011304,0.0003011872,0.001020808,0.004234548,0.009782116,0.001659258,0.001762054,0.006219512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04247389,0.0003260119,0.0002265322,0.001117598,0.002701164,0.004020496,0.006067967,0.001564246,0.0006032248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003991768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01282029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007784808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009514992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9919474,0.003117131,0.0004952977,0.0004481671,0.001450175,0.00254181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9649678,0.02193603,0.003576938,0.001401797,0.003914641,0.004202738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004575134,0.001021505,0.175632,0.001971086,0.0001265504,0.005335123,0.2212593,0.002853749,0.01226708,0.2493375,0.01716774,0.3125708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001142144,0.0006802116,0.1228611,0.002519654,0.0001172151,0.00164321,0.5763747,0.01163199,0.006202366,0.07594085,0.2017673,0.0001471191],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9183969,0.0006289866,0.007994567,0.01081004,0.00007661514,0.0003617458,0.00005585103,0.00007347587,0.06160185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963626,0.0002222194,0.001531049,0.0001585618,0.000007299773,0.00008775149,0.00002264285,0.000009956362,0.001597883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01028154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05437458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206302326","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.761567","title":"The Construction and Empirical Study on Evaluation Index System of International Low-Carbon Economy Development","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Low-carbon economy; Index (typography); Economy; World economy; China; Economics; Competition (biology); Economic system; Political science","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05599914596167983,"gpt":0.2967962599321438,"spread":0.2407971139704639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007795327,0.0006233871,0.00048963,0.007352506,0.001067177,0.003675876,0.0005193202,0.0004531408,0.002065948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01975777,0.0002099005,0.0006927212,0.01058121,0.001471412,0.003940118,0.001306561,0.0008954066,0.0002660887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003944897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003799304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006017475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003638721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940345,0.002615829,0.0005161777,0.0005691171,0.001789633,0.0004748055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892944,0.005465056,0.001269434,0.0003806181,0.003085198,0.0005052112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001226404,0.0004386808,0.7128861,0.0005012882,0.0002049836,0.0002590051,0.005818123,0.006227359,0.001279678,0.06371762,0.00452905,0.2040155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005846238,0.0005647279,0.8476412,0.0004313882,0.0002801323,0.0003081041,0.02023953,0.08949336,0.003033676,0.02166069,0.0161541,0.0001347011],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.923227,0.0008350691,0.03324698,0.0007803843,0.00009328506,0.0005269363,0.0005362536,0.00006213189,0.0406919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877573,0.000392777,0.01025466,0.00003150715,0.00002597963,0.0002656775,0.0006106161,0.000009006468,0.0006524073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007795327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04122615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304630580","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.1038819","title":"A modified deep residual network for short-term load forecasting","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residual; Generalization; Computer science; Term (time); Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Artificial neural network; Position (finance); Electric power system; Data mining; Machine learning; Reliability engineering; Power (physics); Algorithm; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"V. Y. Kondaiah","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. Saravanan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05880915961555307,"gpt":0.2835155722730671,"spread":0.2247064126575141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004799515,0.0007159192,0.0005620621,0.0004232831,0.0001914974,0.0004771263,0.001301612,0.0007169354,0.001943439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008316202,0.000296978,0.0005384075,0.0005123092,0.0002352461,0.001031619,0.0005347566,0.0009535936,0.0005950205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005696586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006286525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01771745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01823252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998214,0.00003273088,0.00001125268,0.00005354173,0.00004585533,0.00003529667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998003,0.00005911001,0.00002208236,0.00002116731,0.00008565708,0.00001173274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002048078,0.0001099004,0.001247741,0.00005431947,0.00006251721,0.0001052149,0.00002498711,0.8281981,0.004790509,0.003057908,0.005143983,0.157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002311049,0.000008300322,0.00007554522,0.000001361555,0.000002984471,0.000003414792,9.055471e-7,0.999162,0.0002521394,0.0003094369,0.0001795612,0.00000206007],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09674082,0.001786569,0.889093,0.0008172254,0.0003252139,0.00007123556,0.0009369581,0.003170143,0.007058839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9066312,0.0007289176,0.079887,0.0002864322,0.0001170885,0.0001004636,0.001857346,0.0001219893,0.01026953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01771745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03522867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313595538","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.1051417","title":"Current status and technology development in implementing low carbon emission energy on underground coal gasification (UCG)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-China Academy of General Technology Joint Fund for Basic Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Underground coal gasification; Coal; Clean coal technology; Clean coal; Waste management; Environmental science; Coal gasification; Greenhouse gas; Coal mining; Technology development; Engineering; Combustion; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Shadrack Adjei Takyi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yindi Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mengting Si","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanjin Zeng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yingnan Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03857192398340949,"gpt":0.313767648040757,"spread":0.2751957240573475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003424316,0.000550742,0.0003786985,0.001357921,0.0005112837,0.002892821,0.001064942,0.002091977,0.004924847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002656855,0.0002744633,0.0005096992,0.002200057,0.001306217,0.004276793,0.0007619692,0.0009099754,0.001113173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001637587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004408727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001423453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001484175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988614,0.0002922411,0.0001421348,0.0001862314,0.0003376984,0.0001801842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971004,0.00129287,0.0005208671,0.0001222719,0.0007791889,0.0001844254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003648088,0.0004772228,0.005220973,0.01001411,0.00004226236,0.0003221085,0.0004433189,0.006043787,0.01841865,0.0594134,0.005542638,0.8936967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008189347,0.004611882,0.0195471,0.009915077,0.0003993818,0.001680424,0.006040241,0.01251224,0.1078685,0.03832563,0.7988246,0.0001929883],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1104306,0.7407837,0.03135005,0.01444603,0.001050899,0.0001459486,0.0003269846,0.0002925748,0.1011733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2879468,0.6783381,0.02419069,0.001131091,0.0004889118,0.0001060318,0.0004826161,0.0000419654,0.007273903],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004924847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01810974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285391226","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.873813","title":"Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"University of Queensland; Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","keywords":"Calcite; Dissolution; Feldspar; Chlorite; Pyrite; Cementation (geology); Manganese; Geology; Plagioclase; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Cement; Quartz; Metallurgy; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Julie K. Pearce","is_ca":false},{"name":"G.W. Dawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gordon Southam","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Paterson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dirk Kirste","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. D. Golding","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03143672413956896,"gpt":0.3062908123015728,"spread":0.2748540881620039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002541709,0.0004900229,0.0004227145,0.0002471711,0.0002648265,0.0003560835,0.0005140679,0.0004435763,0.001308476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004441053,0.0002595138,0.000242732,0.0003826996,0.0003574196,0.0002971604,0.000353682,0.0004362483,0.0002770598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002800507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005065821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006695873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995903,0.00005381647,0.00004758191,0.00007966965,0.000120072,0.0001085326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997857,0.00004559223,0.00004278989,0.0000342701,0.00006460625,0.00002710352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006850213,0.00008897934,0.000534976,0.0001804197,0.00002873695,0.0001304506,0.00007432758,0.0006106102,0.9963201,0.00006733946,0.00009753475,0.0011814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001865654,0.0003388159,0.001319755,0.0000052512,0.00001647802,0.00003806276,0.00004149953,0.0007960023,0.9966517,0.00002151922,0.0007461216,0.000006199381],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971194,0.0002977561,0.0003897938,0.00003434993,0.00001684793,0.00003998579,0.0002842352,0.00002732969,0.001790243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974629,0.0004040572,0.0005044995,0.00002196891,0.00000768785,0.0000214724,0.0003070131,0.00002165752,0.001248619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005065821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01007271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292454350","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.908658","title":"A Technology Development Matrix for Carbon Capture: Technology Status and R&D Gap Assessment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Benchmarking; Technology assessment; Engineering; Process engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Business; Nanotechnology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"R. Baker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ommolbanin Alizadeh Sahraei","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mauro M. Dal‐Cin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farid Bensebaa","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02542199784195655,"gpt":0.309236260247679,"spread":0.2838142624057224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01502652,0.002254413,0.0009190885,0.01460809,0.001202599,0.007567648,0.00147714,0.001428989,0.009202202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01301294,0.0006238287,0.001140809,0.01039292,0.0007883778,0.006315532,0.003326623,0.002113106,0.002463304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006344899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01119592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004873181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004815962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9922603,0.001711729,0.0008213391,0.0005496556,0.004138619,0.0005183125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9852947,0.004650821,0.001855462,0.0007085844,0.006713508,0.000776853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003767436,0.0004603021,0.007996496,0.004741501,0.0001825462,0.0006709142,0.000817128,0.07504711,0.01873147,0.1500469,0.05385604,0.6870729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001158599,0.001634818,0.02069391,0.003414285,0.0002222118,0.0008815949,0.003033389,0.1252469,0.03030213,0.1037806,0.7103854,0.0002888426],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1033457,0.03540312,0.5608677,0.03497645,0.001873667,0.005283743,0.04265925,0.005028623,0.2105618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2749178,0.0174411,0.6699631,0.001239285,0.0003225371,0.002697579,0.01731718,0.0004739501,0.01562746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01502652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07946879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802136005","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2018.00041","title":"The Optimal Design of a Distillation System for the Flexible Polygeneration of Dimethyl Ether and Methanol Under Uncertainty","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Dimethyl ether; Distillation; Methanol; Upstream (networking); Process engineering; Fractionating column; Optimal design; Computer science; Chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Thomas A. Adams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tokiso Thatho","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew C. Le Feuvre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher L.E. Swartz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04475597931707757,"gpt":0.3107195502973118,"spread":0.2659635709802342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001121811,0.001118506,0.001038496,0.0004813419,0.0006289165,0.001474098,0.0007119315,0.0012243,0.001631241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001429728,0.0009114041,0.0008058943,0.000448468,0.0007184017,0.0008710278,0.0007556378,0.00125818,0.000227012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001477794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002552261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004275654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003687937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993747,0.0001488856,0.0000260522,0.0001614364,0.0001788334,0.0001101037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994429,0.0003068768,0.000106461,0.00002127169,0.0000917462,0.00003076271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009116897,0.00004271187,0.0002210918,0.0001084744,0.00001776738,0.0000507128,0.00002933666,0.9801604,0.008313603,0.003706977,0.0001016373,0.007156068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002541995,0.0001445091,0.0002097342,0.000006468239,0.00001611133,0.00001037575,0.0000135037,0.9934648,0.004709902,0.0009364967,0.0004509312,0.00001182868],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1062436,0.0003836816,0.8852834,0.0002907636,0.00004719754,0.0002910815,0.0001759827,0.0002528478,0.007031441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8991054,0.0001942671,0.09836664,0.0000371684,0.00001263463,0.0003159326,0.00008853347,0.00003764499,0.00184181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004275654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01072216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283814793","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.831245","title":"The Energy Storage System Integration Into Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study of Energy Management at UTFPR","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"New York Institute of Technology","funders":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Energy storage; Automotive engineering; Flexibility (engineering); Energy management; Electricity generation; Computer science; Load profile; Grid; Environmental science; Electricity; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Power (physics); Physics","authors":[{"name":"Juliana D’Angela Mariano","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jair Urbanetz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02592159457588043,"gpt":0.2837681486101696,"spread":0.2578465540342891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004773374,0.0003051659,0.0002901105,0.0003646398,0.001238398,0.000912612,0.0007293778,0.00108544,0.001742537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007463472,0.0001659229,0.0004041646,0.0008041004,0.0004299788,0.0007591412,0.0005405286,0.0005627769,0.0003128973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000987132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006911851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01221454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02384673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995288,0.0001876164,0.00001867396,0.00006562587,0.0001085877,0.00009079537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995639,0.0001654072,0.00004854075,0.0000528845,0.00009128181,0.00007799933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001950676,0.006727968,0.1918749,0.00104474,0.000387891,0.09557152,0.01399809,0.3470373,0.09582812,0.01799252,0.008543488,0.219043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003398716,0.005077029,0.2428174,0.0001494214,0.0002852841,0.01092395,0.03868996,0.5906067,0.06285818,0.004810164,0.04323129,0.000210722],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924563,0.00005875848,0.002381897,0.000143479,0.000005393007,0.0000627015,0.00007491394,0.00004226607,0.004774141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955112,0.00006670134,0.001847959,0.00001744947,0.000004728866,0.00001756437,0.0000510385,0.00001279017,0.002470503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01221454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02428687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2920117208","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2019.00017","title":"Electric Stimulation of Ammonotrophic Methanogenesis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SAIT Polytechnic","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology","keywords":"Wastewater; Methanogenesis; Electrolysis; Methane; Nitrogen; Ammonium; Chemical oxygen demand; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Microbial fuel cell; Environmental chemistry; Anode; Waste management; Environmental science; Electrolyte; Environmental engineering; Electrode; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Michael Siegert","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01479268799221912,"gpt":0.2601861227458697,"spread":0.2453934347536506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008261265,0.0002091471,0.0001385731,0.00007794517,0.00006290977,0.0001946973,0.0001411457,0.0001765742,0.002346819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001900284,0.0000564989,0.0001733351,0.00009652691,0.00009826512,0.0001218429,0.0002203062,0.0001619128,0.0001433546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001918355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000115177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005800779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006636629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999342,0.00001186084,0.00000540535,0.00001197385,0.00001582332,0.00002075314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999287,0.00003235367,0.000008408017,0.000005452772,0.00001255373,0.00001253788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004400693,0.00003251084,0.0002083842,0.00008154018,0.000006697963,0.00004901687,0.00001391905,0.00009016624,0.994718,0.00008411104,0.00005822747,0.004217411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005475695,0.0005892926,0.006764974,0.00001245223,0.00001623846,0.00008431535,0.00006458681,0.001380652,0.9879375,0.0002139436,0.002874793,0.000006518739],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940444,0.0008954285,0.0009932837,0.0001486154,0.000071878,0.00001666729,0.0002135098,0.00005130216,0.003564946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967452,0.0004177646,0.0004993859,0.00004874695,0.00001167328,0.0000121269,0.00009687715,0.000007298085,0.002160878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002346819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007850885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294931122","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.994629","title":"Adaptive fault-tolerant control of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor current using chaotic-particle swarm optimization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Particle swarm optimization; Magnetomotive force; Stator; Torque ripple; Decoupling (probability); Ripple; Fault (geology); Torque; Harmonics; Computer science; Chaotic; Direct torque control; Engineering; Physics; Control engineering; Induction motor; Algorithm; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Chaobo Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Song Ye","is_ca":false},{"name":"Youmin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiaqiang Tian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Song Gao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03220142255016774,"gpt":0.2903852224879269,"spread":0.2581837999377591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002424595,0.0004747353,0.0004252732,0.0001969462,0.00027164,0.0004107226,0.0004360261,0.0003025361,0.0004444827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004424771,0.0001810297,0.0002923372,0.0002127798,0.0003362343,0.0002641661,0.0003281992,0.0002968575,0.0000540552],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003348597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004191893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003800267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002249707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999077,0.00001732985,0.000005810465,0.00002033922,0.000036142,0.00001264277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998705,0.0000423671,0.00003474685,0.000007924231,0.00003502272,0.000009307226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006849032,0.00003233921,0.0005570866,0.00007801524,0.00003695897,0.00005948443,0.00007052534,0.9573436,0.007741034,0.003057319,0.0004231401,0.0305321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006606616,0.00001845838,0.00010016,0.000001087523,0.000002978923,0.000003666036,0.000002524074,0.9992048,0.0003864355,0.0001748038,0.00009677375,0.000001720614],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08098568,0.0002529034,0.9141904,0.0001300249,0.00005870317,0.00005536965,0.00001728318,0.0002276525,0.004081946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.972433,0.00009285516,0.0264477,0.00001754998,0.0000125742,0.00006282835,0.00002160404,0.00001087487,0.0009010773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003800267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007556319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387607605","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2023.1188506","title":"Thermal performance of three horizontal ground heat exchanger systems: comparison of linear-loop, spiral-coil and slinky-coil arrangements","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Electromagnetic coil; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Spiral (railway); Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Linwei Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zarghaam Haider Rizvi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa Tobber","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank Wuttke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06648363750010242,"gpt":0.319244231273327,"spread":0.2527605937732246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002448516,0.0004393755,0.0005528308,0.0004388503,0.0003254768,0.0005772694,0.0004500141,0.0004654073,0.001904883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004164687,0.0002566122,0.0006258547,0.0005307913,0.0004893825,0.0005612765,0.0003654121,0.0002394039,0.0002899059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005195841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003640554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00409481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003552202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999866,0.00002730985,0.000009612567,0.00002807317,0.00003223258,0.00003673442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997504,0.00008883436,0.00004015543,0.00003387568,0.00005573307,0.00003095357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008813114,0.0001732361,0.01469584,0.0001773331,0.00005757486,0.0001578467,0.0001566658,0.9237004,0.04350881,0.0006465937,0.0004484014,0.01539605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008987412,0.001125678,0.01331329,0.00001702582,0.00006342163,0.00007603187,0.0002207224,0.9499184,0.03410841,0.0003170437,0.0007121649,0.00003788378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952905,0.0001183016,0.0025858,0.00002578401,0.000009814455,0.00001121255,0.0001253871,0.00007151197,0.001761572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987798,0.00004311474,0.0007533007,0.000002845483,7.762659e-7,0.000007463963,0.00005853436,0.000006636396,0.0003475754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00409481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008141935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281642482","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.899692","title":"Hybrid Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based on Markov Chain","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Markov chain; Term (time); Wind power; Chaotic; Computer science; Markov model; Wind power forecasting; Markov process; Hidden Markov model; Variable-order Markov model; Power (physics); Engineering; Electric power system; Machine learning; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Liangsong Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaotian Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Liang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mutao Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yi Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01710911618406074,"gpt":0.2464981018028047,"spread":0.2293889856187439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006485865,0.0006221662,0.0009973467,0.0006690459,0.0005058704,0.0007115015,0.0009523968,0.0005528081,0.001314506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001513185,0.0005038009,0.0008206282,0.0006032743,0.0004379646,0.00163984,0.0007288706,0.0007248399,0.0002381824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005466827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009973443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0144598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009538347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994999,0.00008794833,0.00003422993,0.0001240355,0.0001793588,0.00007460079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992967,0.0003697101,0.00007350573,0.00005981292,0.0001548136,0.0000454841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009031199,0.00003683949,0.002522238,0.00004327555,0.00007123801,0.0000977509,0.0000564664,0.9541124,0.002415546,0.006050893,0.0003836691,0.03411943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002671855,0.000006003641,0.0001164106,0.000001385736,0.000003763893,0.000005566898,0.000001361761,0.9988728,0.0002048522,0.0007341161,0.00004750814,0.000003622045],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06735878,0.0003125448,0.9293888,0.0001405393,0.0000607624,0.00003408485,0.0001001643,0.0005264311,0.002077771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9579933,0.0002975272,0.03970933,0.00004213231,0.00004410823,0.00006869752,0.0002038045,0.00003496513,0.001606117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0144598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02875125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163531554","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.665884","title":"New Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Thin Films by Molecular Layer Deposition for Rechargeable Batteries","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Semiconductor materials and devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Harbin Institute of Technology; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Thin film; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Cathode; Anode; Electrolyte; Atomic layer deposition; Lithium (medication); Deposition (geology); Layer (electronics); Nanoscopic scale; Electrode; Energy storage; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Jian Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiajun Wang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01922229780043818,"gpt":0.2587768590733886,"spread":0.2395545612729504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001753562,0.0005364888,0.000352082,0.0005095369,0.0001543306,0.000571978,0.0005477202,0.0006043565,0.001913175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000176655,0.0003785309,0.0003615571,0.0003878544,0.0001384188,0.001030362,0.0005040515,0.0006987859,0.001055731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002691143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001324224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001582285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004496599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999013,0.000008177599,0.000009535869,0.0000225477,0.00004410439,0.00001436932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999684,0.000007848342,0.000006199196,0.000002542799,0.00001036143,0.000004578447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002953033,0.00003024617,0.0001139097,0.001797515,0.00003850882,0.0001960947,0.0000454498,0.000507923,0.956919,0.003725233,0.001861412,0.0347351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002021803,0.000151879,0.000387503,0.0001065899,0.00007089245,0.000404582,0.00002808289,0.003311191,0.8827558,0.0008528149,0.1118842,0.00002626355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2454408,0.5592217,0.1378073,0.002272443,0.002300477,0.0003243923,0.00192376,0.002132771,0.04857642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.566233,0.2925098,0.1155499,0.001202461,0.0004935153,0.000355068,0.001378967,0.0003251767,0.02195205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001913175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006400168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281554354","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.908361","title":"A State-of-Charge-Based Flexible Synthetic Inertial Control Strategy of Battery Energy Storage Systems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alpha Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Automatic frequency control; Renewable energy; Settling time; Controller (irrigation); State of charge; Frequency deviation; Energy storage; Engineering; Stability (learning theory); Control system; Computer science; Power (physics); Control engineering; Control (management); Battery (electricity); Step response; Electrical engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Feng You","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiuli Si","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rong Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lin Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yien Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yiming Xu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01311314294407897,"gpt":0.2278163069895636,"spread":0.2147031640454847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000191366,0.0003377409,0.0002364936,0.0002083554,0.0002701279,0.0004155526,0.0003716183,0.0001872417,0.0009148603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003145642,0.00008953843,0.000173953,0.0001950497,0.0002343904,0.0003905655,0.0002870319,0.0001732016,0.0001270456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001557789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001895003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001762065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002056692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998803,0.00002558332,0.00001292268,0.00002452322,0.00004204619,0.00001465765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998994,0.00001578509,0.00002487263,0.00001154898,0.00003996282,0.000008383917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005792607,0.0001722617,0.001940339,0.0004425847,0.0001029904,0.000386683,0.0003188364,0.4748315,0.09591265,0.02420035,0.003311819,0.3978007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002601767,0.0002633607,0.0007703906,0.00001325117,0.00002237219,0.00007491907,0.00002811218,0.9897226,0.00582369,0.00146511,0.001775226,0.0000149783],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1602585,0.0009007343,0.8227968,0.0002816688,0.0001880274,0.0001131027,0.00004977291,0.0004923979,0.0149191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932509,0.00009048526,0.006073998,0.00001767338,0.0000137243,0.00001798878,0.00001047474,0.00000329562,0.0005214369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001762065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00350368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214922917","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.826469","title":"Performance of CO2 Foam Huff and Puff in Tight Oil Reservoirs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Calgary","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Enhanced oil recovery; Permeability (electromagnetism); Oil production; Porosity; Environmental science; Materials science; Porous medium; Pulmonary surfactant; Oil field; Tight oil; Rheology; Oil in place; Geology; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Petroleum; Engineering; Oil shale","authors":[{"name":"Abdolmohsen Shabib-Asl","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shengnan Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sixu Zheng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0147280556694251,"gpt":0.2556324348722149,"spread":0.2409043792027898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005315345,0.0003509794,0.0004970405,0.000440596,0.0002793752,0.0004223911,0.0003370702,0.0004978245,0.0006966332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001232001,0.0001726693,0.0003496367,0.0003121846,0.0003765356,0.0005604051,0.0004141135,0.0002962157,0.0001068396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000446031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002953697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003675076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003109081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998015,0.00002896995,0.00002045933,0.00003535945,0.00005132674,0.00006241762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995104,0.0002447576,0.00009862023,0.00002535861,0.00007855576,0.00004228997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002242491,0.0002941872,0.01027478,0.0003973244,0.00003679709,0.0005788885,0.0002223035,0.08096153,0.8861638,0.0004203023,0.0001286605,0.01827906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003781159,0.002421081,0.005846547,0.00002293936,0.00003446559,0.00008759155,0.000146146,0.1260299,0.8646787,0.0001251849,0.000521886,0.00004770793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988829,0.0001169954,0.0007262003,0.00001285046,0.000003822282,0.000006972657,0.00004698119,0.00002914937,0.000174136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990876,0.00009057709,0.0006221439,0.000004327335,7.607755e-7,0.000006393277,0.00002940678,0.000003456435,0.0001553167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003675076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007307351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392627068","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2023.1338212","title":"Research and analysis of electromagnetic interference of a motor drive control system based on PMSM with SiC MOSFET for new energy electric vehicles","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Infineon Technologies (Canada)","funders":"Infineon Technologies; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"MOSFET; Electromagnetic interference; Motor drive; Energy (signal processing); Interference (communication); Induction motor; Electric motor; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Physics; Electronic engineering; Voltage; Mechanical engineering; Transistor","authors":[{"name":"Chi Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jasronita Jasni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norhafiz Azis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangming He","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01811888965120948,"gpt":0.2620457938784279,"spread":0.2439269042272184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002378014,0.0002919273,0.0003063269,0.0002842495,0.0002158057,0.0003962296,0.0003078484,0.0003390255,0.001452722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005797352,0.0001003396,0.0004328241,0.0002586103,0.0001976032,0.0003725425,0.0001124904,0.0002563884,0.0001892986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004500186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003072977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001749018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001618883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998124,0.00003443758,0.000006813567,0.00002606671,0.000108877,0.00001154166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999811,0.00007919706,0.0000269281,0.00001530621,0.00006213345,0.000005516519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003651835,0.0002080106,0.006543216,0.0007563994,0.0002194444,0.001037683,0.0004910296,0.6706414,0.1444763,0.04033092,0.001819082,0.1331114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006083891,0.0002099119,0.002273113,0.00001356102,0.00002813026,0.0001091775,0.00003518742,0.9862817,0.007811123,0.001114375,0.002111435,0.00000619188],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2132844,0.001436465,0.7463689,0.0002805902,0.0001312469,0.0001672181,0.00007738451,0.0005586409,0.03769514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794891,0.0005010836,0.01549866,0.00002697345,0.00002618533,0.0000353107,0.00004857486,0.00002475553,0.004349375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001749018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004859805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}