{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":3,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":3,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"7b51a0b67c2d","filters":{"venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering"}},"results":[{"id":"W4390782327","doi":"10.3389/fenve.2023.1341816","title":"Immobilized cold-active enzymes onto magnetic chitosan microparticles as a highly stable and reusable carrier for p-xylene biodegradation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering","topic":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; York University","keywords":"Glutaraldehyde; Chemistry; Chitosan; Immobilized enzyme; Xylene; Bioremediation; Biodegradation; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Chromatography; Nuclear chemistry; Chemical engineering; Enzyme; Organic chemistry; Toluene; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Saba Miri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anupriya Ravula","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shiva Akhtarian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Davoodi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satinder Kaur Brar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Martel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tarek Rouissi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002774775964464286,"gpt":0.1836029962862539,"spread":0.1808282203217896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006507559,0.0001478831,0.0001373499,0.00006010759,0.00003660814,0.00004575284,0.00006159402,0.00008646375,0.000009696798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002086375,0.0001560018,0.00004805495,0.00007210698,0.00004019938,0.00002199521,0.00004447634,0.00005239393,0.000001118435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005795168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001438156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001751745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004146209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992111,0.00001244015,0.0001664796,0.0003402146,0.00006829359,0.0002014333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999767,0.000008796841,0.00002066475,0.0001485119,0.000002608417,0.0000524323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005181539,0.00003079563,0.0007921447,0.0000472717,0.00003787227,0.000001272778,0.00008503195,0.001460252,0.9955705,0.00005059319,0.0003943552,0.001478114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004586188,0.0001691919,0.0009807718,0.00002948417,0.00003139878,0.000004241351,0.0002426533,0.01301045,0.959703,0.0000122884,0.02517082,0.0001870298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684263,0.02141152,0.009377807,0.0000280334,0.0002693803,0.0003391874,0.00009884017,0.00001819654,0.00003077719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993301,0.001050795,0.004689913,0.00002067632,0.00005872152,0.0001325048,0.0003112649,0.00003551272,0.0003995645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03586743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.636157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411222023","doi":"10.3389/fenve.2025.1597684","title":"Retrospective of DIET process for enhanced biogas production during anaerobic digestion of thermal/chemically pretreated waste activated sludge","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Biogas production; Biogas; Activated sludge; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Digestion (alchemy); Production (economics); Thermal hydrolysis; Food science; Sewage sludge treatment; Sewage treatment; Methane; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Abdulaziz Mohammed Almegbl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Mohammad Rahmani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kamaluddin Kamal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Faris Mohammad A. Munshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abbas Khursheed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Muntjeer Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anwar Khursheed","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002730250565422582,"gpt":0.1775511065892068,"spread":0.1748208560237842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008174761,0.0001959916,0.0002803007,0.0002884351,0.00002503122,0.00000432009,0.0001001344,0.0001203339,0.000004654738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004378196,0.0002174494,0.00006459432,0.0003661882,0.00005756281,0.0002012739,0.00001924581,0.0001413571,2.715463e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003975369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000752575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002423282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.23482e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999043,0.000008487771,0.0003443236,0.0002731914,0.0001193687,0.0002115575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997007,0.000005884297,0.00007674682,0.0001715167,0.00001649512,0.00002870727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001511906,0.00006008843,0.004237046,0.0001316319,0.00006937604,1.983177e-7,0.0001463866,0.220149,0.7747172,0.00005928263,0.00001752777,0.0002610696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005437431,0.00006123956,0.03773909,0.0002017807,0.0000274728,4.966564e-7,0.0002178444,0.003966009,0.9570298,0.00002716944,0.00002525367,0.000160161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.982322,0.0001973843,0.01601697,0.00001644854,0.0006935607,0.0005295867,0.00001993557,0.000121454,0.00008270682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970873,0.0001415432,0.00249322,0.000001028391,0.00003651781,0.0000759032,0.00005168542,0.00003163348,0.00008118382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.216183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8867328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411970703","doi":"10.3389/fenve.2025.1601213","title":"Two-decade spatiotemporal variations in ground-level ozone over Ontario, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Ground Level Ozone; Ozone; Environmental science; Ground level; Geography; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Civil engineering","authors":[{"name":"Zhou Zang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jane Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erjia Ge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yi Zhang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004087214848866098,"gpt":0.1571409903255828,"spread":0.1530537754767167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006404216,0.0001267907,0.0001416911,0.0000193884,0.00003654076,0.00001480271,0.0001253213,0.00005201718,0.0007635847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007080729,0.0001447118,0.00002147514,0.0001440895,0.00002046649,0.0001346375,0.00001526876,0.0002136737,0.000002271143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003256931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001111079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8381032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8932225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992253,0.000008354348,0.0001980088,0.0001960474,0.0001328036,0.0002394622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997885,0.00002295255,0.00002544577,0.000110139,5.926291e-7,0.00005235611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006816146,0.00001207159,0.831596,0.000007200337,0.000009914667,0.00001888301,0.00007930794,0.1664237,0.000119691,0.000007346403,0.0004851774,0.001233939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004121917,0.00000460428,0.9442413,0.00002317694,0.000003950124,0.000001264623,0.0001199353,0.05211215,0.0001521501,0.00004219422,0.002740405,0.0001466129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856572,0.0003026208,0.01121553,0.00006149642,0.0007804711,0.0001139412,0.00005662735,0.00001281751,0.001799271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871539,0.00001183694,0.01124191,0.00006899521,0.00002524005,0.000002897774,0.0001175433,0.000003366319,0.001374279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1143115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8360717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}