{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":270,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":270,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"1e4d5173a284","filters":{"venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W2517886161","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2016.00058","title":"Environmental Impacts of the Deep-Water Oil and Gas Industry: A Review to Guide Management Strategies","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":440,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; European Commission; Sight Research UK; J.M. Kaplan Fund","keywords":"Environmental science; Submarine pipeline; Baseline (sea); Population; Marine ecosystem; Fossil fuel; Ecosystem; Environmental resource management; Oceanography; Environmental protection; Geology; Ecology; Engineering; Waste management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01198075259131565,"gpt":0.2527851189758828,"spread":0.2408043663845672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001218416,0.0002900143,0.0006651178,0.0001952277,0.0002118531,0.00002849283,0.001087748,0.0002271491,0.001631731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001968859,0.0001434613,0.0001026746,0.000247432,0.001990066,0.0002319889,0.0005121682,0.0004010464,0.0001490786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001179522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000761243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005980588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008426101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976001,0.000215706,0.0004597889,0.0006195892,0.0004246789,0.0006800757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991758,0.00003791591,0.0001348218,0.0004379354,0.000001276912,0.0002122826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000450574,0.00001627381,0.06502667,0.001219178,0.00002115041,0.00001095148,0.00002891832,0.000001898556,0.000002680843,0.000002619723,0.000493067,0.9331721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001286334,0.00009076336,0.08208564,0.004124934,0.00007416935,0.00004898654,0.0001996348,0.000007051112,0.000006300495,0.00007887641,0.9128577,0.0002972948],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004428388,0.9897346,0.000002548649,0.0001999108,0.0004081238,0.0004759765,0.00007742232,0.000004527423,0.004668489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002094583,0.9961159,0.0002708978,0.0001705083,0.00002307854,0.00001902659,0.00002447194,0.000005145186,0.001276405],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9328748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2531703846","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2016.00064","title":"Achieving Sustainable Development Goals from a Water Perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":282,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Future Earth","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Sustainability; Sustainable development; Perspective (graphical); Externality; Environmental planning; Business; Environmental resource management; Key (lock); Set (abstract data type); Process (computing); Process management; Environmental economics; Risk analysis (engineering); Computer science; Political science; Environmental science; Economics; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003836588755519575,"gpt":0.1765201594739917,"spread":0.1726835707184721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005551943,0.0002957182,0.0002545122,0.0001518427,0.0005958528,0.00004776338,0.0008698022,0.00006618962,0.001150623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000422734,0.0001830159,0.00004906644,0.0003146029,0.002154483,0.00121559,0.001819725,0.0001023596,0.0005100714],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005356885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002609784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007866215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009728152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964652,0.00006361262,0.0003139204,0.001052582,0.0008550946,0.001249595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992877,0.00002984551,0.00006638005,0.0003978337,0.000004161757,0.0002140312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007905778,0.0003589966,0.4626568,0.000003286767,0.0000348886,0.0001390355,0.009669925,0.0001286385,0.5049649,0.001169212,0.002510217,0.01828508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001049581,0.0001095001,0.5992227,0.00004404048,0.00001359516,0.000006146495,0.01833794,0.00006149615,0.3236999,0.03266238,0.02389774,0.000895014],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9594574,0.0001825091,0.004237736,0.0008141747,0.0003659622,0.0002696943,0.00001559568,0.00005069702,0.03460623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856371,0.00002175731,0.009371955,0.000169389,0.00003194783,0.00006539961,0.000002407985,0.00002212697,0.004677911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.181265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954514527","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00102","title":"The Antarctic Peninsula Under a 1.5°C Global Warming Scenario","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":219,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Imperial College London; Foreign and Commonwealth Office; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Peninsula; Biota; Meltwater; Global warming; Oceanography; Glacier; Biodiversity; Climate change; Sea ice; Environmental science; Ecology; Physical geography; Geography; Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006365109285863224,"gpt":0.1874550038856801,"spread":0.1810898945998169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003241098,0.00009090175,0.00008850138,0.00001449382,0.0005597089,0.00007818846,0.0004350912,0.00002098692,0.0003566964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001176952,0.00006230593,0.00002921273,0.0004301586,0.0006837393,0.0002805039,0.00005806777,0.00008617755,0.0001670748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003920809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009214879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007162943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987587,0.00001552449,0.0001342021,0.0002883862,0.0003963762,0.0004067563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999652,0.00003343563,0.00004160065,0.0001952899,0.000002392872,0.00007528555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007819572,0.000008970926,0.9840274,7.735467e-7,0.000002662107,0.000001458959,0.0001053986,0.003522504,0.00002538769,0.00003354462,0.0001684737,0.01209564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001445016,0.00003672944,0.9688746,0.000004164656,0.000002504938,0.000003760905,0.003211526,0.02032262,0.000007461317,0.0005906536,0.006706654,0.00009479099],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946033,0.001308374,0.0002332389,0.0003581214,0.001392124,0.0001762942,0.00001207018,0.000009717193,0.001906755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971104,0.0002837441,0.002054878,0.0002172048,0.0000214765,0.00000108686,0.000004136229,0.000001351634,0.0003057351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01680012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4304885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805736499","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2018.00050","title":"Alternative Management Practices Improve Soil Health Indices in Intensive Vegetable Cropping Systems: A Review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Soil health; Cropping; Tillage; Cover crop; Environmental science; Sustainable agriculture; Agriculture; Agroforestry; Sustainability; Soil management; Crop rotation; Cropping system; No-till farming; Soil carbon; Soil fertility; Agronomy; Soil organic matter; Soil water; Biology; Ecology; Soil science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02928199784789884,"gpt":0.2872939322484718,"spread":0.2580119344005729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002057847,0.0004312219,0.001276506,0.0001571524,0.0002175539,0.0001342628,0.001222367,0.0001318487,0.00002293001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001121164,0.0001979488,0.0001785816,0.001245863,0.0006982509,0.0004807708,0.0005807616,0.0004289577,0.00004359855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001682364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007486645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002322112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004635384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961587,0.000354573,0.0008406088,0.001122305,0.0007393226,0.0007845144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979182,0.00008236581,0.001598018,0.0001924915,0.00001707479,0.0001918598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008077516,0.0001518806,0.001238516,0.007795865,0.00005530954,0.00006243176,0.0001559349,0.00000607748,0.00001706289,0.00002288497,0.0006165393,0.9898694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002821723,0.0004588636,0.002328101,0.07040578,0.0001990871,0.00006530467,0.003775214,0.001917821,0.000006279118,0.0001096129,0.9192227,0.00122907],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003320604,0.992786,0.000004493128,0.00009028636,0.001337772,0.001809305,0.00006885358,0.00001927097,0.0005634213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007365918,0.9979364,0.0002690248,0.0004892976,0.0001201996,0.0002330717,0.00006484352,0.000004251745,0.0001463524],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9886404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8072119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089168132","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2020.562263","title":"The “Plastisphere” of Biodegradable Plastics Is Characterized by Specific Microbial Taxa of Alpine and Arctic Soils","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Swiss Polar Institute; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; McGill University; Génome Québec; BNP Paribas Cardif; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biodegradable plastic; Soil water; Biodegradation; Actinobacteria; Microplastics; Extreme environment; Proteobacteria; Ecosystem; Microbial population biology; Microbial biodegradation; Rhodococcus; Ecology; Environmental science; Microorganism; Biology; Chemistry; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004998212409938364,"gpt":0.1623267551976594,"spread":0.157328542787721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002567689,0.0001618825,0.0002240482,0.00002951352,0.0001824885,0.00002715057,0.0004139712,0.00005231532,0.0003691375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004482786,0.0001284817,0.00003445084,0.0003417779,0.002758422,0.0001854198,0.0002926193,0.0001328362,0.00002505513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001519092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001665597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006802095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005853381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983969,0.00003118457,0.0003661224,0.0004063401,0.0004323988,0.0003671026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993916,0.00006235451,0.0002176345,0.0001624887,0.000002410746,0.0001635775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001149868,0.0000748322,0.06681222,0.000014764,0.000006134029,0.000001537365,0.0003137403,0.0001024473,0.9187305,0.00001180183,0.00584286,0.007974149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00280718,0.0007821909,0.283954,0.00009609788,0.00004944763,0.00002211743,0.0008836208,0.02521163,0.5619111,0.0002786604,0.1231805,0.0008234567],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848664,0.0005700006,0.01319757,0.0002026097,0.0004214022,0.000273645,0.0003007083,0.000005627411,0.0001620689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937452,0.0009417486,0.005096072,0.00009064769,0.00001853156,0.000004596578,0.000006201419,0.000009002843,0.00008797322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3568194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911621206","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00010","title":"Citizen Social Science for More Integrative and Effective Climate Action: A Science-Policy Perspective","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; University of Calgary; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Mitacs; Regional Studies Association","keywords":"Climate change; Citizen science; Agency (philosophy); Normative; Democratization; Science policy; Action (physics); Political science; Citizen journalism; Climate change mitigation; Political economy of climate change; Participatory action research; Perspective (graphical); Politics; Public administration; Sociology; Public relations; Democracy; Social science; Computer science; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07532718792314223,"gpt":0.4167193803116065,"spread":0.3413921923884642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002828193,0.0001474634,0.0001843388,0.0006996698,0.003237832,0.0002723091,0.0009092322,0.00006234615,0.00007267695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034088,0.0001408453,0.00004551863,0.002152085,0.02033288,0.001731759,0.0003970338,0.0001797833,0.00001811205],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004914763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004739503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003739062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008504834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974563,0.00008290452,0.0001562275,0.0006924719,0.000880286,0.0007318769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993195,0.00007213622,0.0001107807,0.0002277366,0.00007671478,0.0001931548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002103825,0.0002742203,0.1228901,0.0000279878,0.000008613178,9.106308e-7,0.5111355,0.00001241482,0.09966253,0.07921209,0.0001833457,0.1863819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008181749,0.0001596896,0.4015232,0.00003679034,0.000008426394,0.000002273828,0.5840207,0.001554572,0.001724129,0.005233886,0.00454607,0.0003720864],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.935657,0.00008782239,0.0002457612,0.002160405,0.0007467692,0.001483486,0.00004283715,0.00003911419,0.05953681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966543,0.001098335,0.00158053,0.0002267474,0.0001178685,0.0001074952,0.000003052631,0.000007779388,0.0002039067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.278633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388420894","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1281536","title":"The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: what it does and does not do, and how to improve it","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Negotiation; Set (abstract data type); Process (computing); Environmental resource management; Sustainable development; Political science; Biodiversity; Key (lock); Business; Environmental planning; Process management; Computer science; Geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006173761054922271,"gpt":0.2105443736810393,"spread":0.204370612626117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008964004,0.0002021103,0.0001615538,0.00003815324,0.0008591553,0.0004774039,0.0006186695,0.00008688137,0.00006963951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001707978,0.0001274328,0.00003309435,0.0005557195,0.003201589,0.001237951,0.001584785,0.0001546615,0.00006541358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009838073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001123936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000295388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007152483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975525,0.00004729107,0.0001350885,0.0008499979,0.0006757722,0.0007393752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992061,0.00008262919,0.00007490561,0.0003693586,0.000002376929,0.0002646061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000906906,0.00005445167,0.9001874,0.00001276349,0.000006335048,0.00003047207,0.008783441,0.00005775768,0.00192834,0.00002847444,0.005501298,0.08331863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002879951,0.00008938453,0.8504862,0.00002645308,0.00001002099,0.000003399805,0.1296773,0.000511764,0.001355006,0.002717117,0.01449433,0.0003410265],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817088,0.0001868734,0.00005712858,0.01644009,0.0008962367,0.0003936997,0.000133068,0.00002484246,0.0001593152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993394,0.004101438,0.000853814,0.001108799,0.00002412867,0.00002985867,0.000002366326,0.000004392517,0.0004811887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1208939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2735757171","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2017.00041","title":"Accounting for Carbon Stocks in Soils and Measuring GHGs Emission Fluxes from Soils: Do We Have the Necessary Standards?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Soil water; Soil carbon; Carbon sequestration; Soil quality; Climate change mitigation; Context (archaeology); Standardization; Environmental resource management; Environmental protection; Soil science; Computer science; Carbon dioxide","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01330826365161052,"gpt":0.2207632245249635,"spread":0.2074549608733529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00103301,0.0001522273,0.0001754544,0.00002614851,0.0007601856,0.0002885346,0.0007105474,0.00008034624,0.00001001589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001265658,0.00006513841,0.00004290381,0.00008467117,0.0007509763,0.0003907902,0.0003357434,0.0001613113,2.664487e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002645522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001759445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001503304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001167272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983683,0.00003724635,0.0001913233,0.0004772099,0.0005256113,0.0004003404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954,0.00007868877,0.0001364864,0.0001480519,0.000007221258,0.00008957433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004147149,0.00003049927,0.8149875,0.000002734904,0.000002828421,0.000002773504,0.000406317,0.00003005992,0.06001811,0.000003179068,0.00004259453,0.1244319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003957487,0.000063419,0.9500258,0.0000908695,0.000008227175,0.000001735524,0.005535934,0.03330392,0.007401104,0.002296133,0.0006257239,0.0002513715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969297,0.001464949,0.00001087472,0.00055893,0.0002965281,0.0002866274,0.00006546846,0.00001029775,0.0003766274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999029,0.0004579384,0.0003142653,0.00004304293,0.00008097575,0.00002695869,0.000004705873,0.000001773238,0.00004134186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1350383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.584681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217158428","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.737659","title":"Nature-based Solutions in Bangladesh: Evidence of Effectiveness for Addressing Climate Change and Other Sustainable Development Goals","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Waterloo Foundation","keywords":"Business; Climate change; Environmental resource management; Natural resource economics; Poverty; Environmental planning; Ecosystem services; Sustainable development; Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Flood myth; Natural disaster; Vulnerability (computing); Climate resilience; Environmental science; Geography; Ecosystem; Economics; Ecology; Economic growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02591868958123559,"gpt":0.2551964242196518,"spread":0.2292777346384162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001391384,0.000129402,0.0002042713,0.0001071885,0.000244057,0.00003760328,0.0002542607,0.0000814207,0.00004863901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003420345,0.0001189111,0.00002666113,0.0004813235,0.0002390722,0.0006794189,0.0003298273,0.00009690373,0.0000040683],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006396538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004023521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001265331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002985618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983264,0.00007919428,0.0002298025,0.0004796071,0.0003112362,0.0005737281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957,0.00008501334,0.00008390896,0.0001779662,0.000003049497,0.00008013276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005401335,0.0001248151,0.9823588,0.0002375688,0.00000231275,0.00001327905,0.0005769525,0.0005715428,0.01295791,0.00002326491,0.000007514509,0.003072054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007401981,0.00005217835,0.9333646,0.0007130693,0.00000760195,0.000003264648,0.001388354,0.007972778,0.05443268,0.0001856211,0.0008983654,0.000241249],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962637,0.002259622,0.0005687834,0.00005576235,0.0001383482,0.0005173017,0.000009758299,0.000006742438,0.0001799472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936811,0.00007950927,0.005925702,0.0001315667,0.000009129837,0.000151957,0.000003528335,0.000009042199,0.00000843794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04899414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4849055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996089563","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00197","title":"Key Questions for Next-Generation Biomonitoring","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Université de Montréal; University of Guelph; Ontario Genomics; Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Ontario Forest Research Institute; Université de Sherbrooke; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Biomonitoring; Key (lock); Suite; Field (mathematics); Computer science; Environmental resource management; Biodiversity; Data science; Ecology; Environmental science; Geography; Biology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03304424831704176,"gpt":0.2260417926947204,"spread":0.1929975443776786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002745237,0.0001946025,0.0001661757,0.00006201714,0.0005621618,0.00006332511,0.0005749356,0.00005733503,0.0002052044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006204729,0.0002078191,0.00005993324,0.0004344322,0.001525482,0.0009898086,0.0005133403,0.0001166002,0.0002630538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001052279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005170337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004422143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005116422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979886,0.00002667307,0.0002247693,0.0007285922,0.0005373321,0.0004940513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994712,0.00001673492,0.00007381206,0.0001989654,0.000001163854,0.0002381241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001347816,0.00007261103,0.6888684,0.000002995115,0.000003986614,0.000002868004,0.0009772895,0.0014457,0.2973533,0.0000103205,0.004776752,0.006472303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001099314,0.0003544805,0.8560889,0.00001296122,0.00003140252,0.00000360605,0.003145477,0.03323483,0.06912182,0.0002031963,0.03588932,0.0008147081],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880133,0.0001806923,0.00852158,0.0009631594,0.0008128926,0.0006288706,0.00004872973,0.00004996414,0.0007807749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8919426,0.0001457562,0.1071797,0.0004689243,0.0001025467,0.00004882486,0.00001245381,0.00001224764,0.00008690197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2282315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8474616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023318039","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2020.00050","title":"Soil Organic Matter as Catalyst of Crop Resource Capture","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Waterlogging (archaeology); Soil health; Soil water; Soil organic matter; Context (archaeology); Soil compaction; Agronomy; Soil science; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006346002761728167,"gpt":0.1641781808044041,"spread":0.1578321780426759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001641787,0.0001111461,0.0001702263,0.00001882708,0.0001075733,0.00002160635,0.0005355753,0.00005358506,0.0005868272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002037079,0.00004977727,0.00004548903,0.0005172347,0.0004672323,0.0001976107,0.0001633281,0.0001135439,0.0001335606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004323788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008910421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007265068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001190331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987486,0.00002705437,0.0001803706,0.0003674331,0.0003784898,0.0002980627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996785,0.00001275697,0.00007570072,0.00006108611,0.000002747244,0.0001691921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002478873,0.00005789338,0.106199,0.000002026143,0.000002366543,0.000008317908,0.0004841704,0.00001482936,0.8804318,0.000009103242,0.005201295,0.007564332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003528458,0.0001422928,0.5807756,0.00001930705,0.00001588796,0.00001618751,0.003783481,0.0001980896,0.1627545,0.0001288205,0.2514407,0.0003722515],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958208,0.0006578334,0.00001114426,0.001177403,0.000131044,0.0001121728,0.0000543436,0.00001143162,0.0020238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978611,0.0001421507,0.0001568786,0.001368751,0.00005755042,0.000002826634,0.0000293429,9.068023e-7,0.0003804815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7176774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6425347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969273247","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00129","title":"Near-Surface Biases in ERA5 Over the Canadian Prairies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Shortwave radiation; Precipitation; Diurnal cycle; Wind speed; Climatology; Snow; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Radiation; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009130172574153238,"gpt":0.2081638500605238,"spread":0.1990336774863705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001126959,0.0001582511,0.0001575567,0.00004666976,0.0003644034,0.0001173257,0.0007615219,0.00007090692,0.001581936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005699494,0.0001251585,0.00003425308,0.0006231425,0.002445478,0.0007265409,0.0003447511,0.0002378895,0.0004610012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002721631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009997915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1271729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2503174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977866,0.00006547541,0.0002216557,0.0005710972,0.0005862518,0.0007688837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992293,0.00005348116,0.00004783588,0.0004655809,7.700912e-7,0.0002030968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006476531,0.00004664381,0.9210811,0.000001274277,7.855081e-7,0.000004062144,0.00103877,0.07506258,0.001448003,0.00002296484,0.0006373398,0.0006500407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002414725,0.00002901763,0.9314039,0.00001203283,0.000001803674,0.000003167144,0.0005138331,0.05781353,0.0002088169,0.0004042747,0.009177032,0.000191114],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905067,0.0000526137,0.00001363799,0.0006953129,0.0004461879,0.0004676153,0.00001863705,0.000009921109,0.007789338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973092,0.00002727959,0.001660376,0.000570742,0.000006131297,0.00001097082,0.000003736458,0.000009366991,0.0004021855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1231444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304165994","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767","title":"Biodiversity outcomes of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation: Characterising the evidence base","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"University of Oxford; Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Waterloo Foundation","keywords":"Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Climate change; Environmental resource management; Ecosystem health; Ecosystem services; Psychological intervention; Species richness; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Environmental science; Biology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02908399741656095,"gpt":0.2382241524126589,"spread":0.2091401549960979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001313832,0.00009853461,0.0001299348,0.00008044569,0.001793389,0.00001080867,0.0005148464,0.00003104502,0.0001753231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000661515,0.00008389714,0.00005987558,0.0003688889,0.001467496,0.0004326953,0.0006563189,0.0001771353,0.000006794141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005722518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001498442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000450989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005145207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986397,0.00008067639,0.0001756212,0.0003305796,0.0004008471,0.0003725651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994798,0.0001292639,0.0001513309,0.0001978638,0.000002768134,0.00003898892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003329841,0.0001041522,0.9886373,0.000004159779,0.000003818073,0.000001127609,0.001090301,0.007689452,0.0008914404,0.0000610683,0.0001440452,0.001339829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002308614,0.00007851841,0.9483199,0.00000438008,0.00001327653,8.440857e-7,0.002216317,0.04848358,0.0001316933,0.0001584622,0.0002602284,0.0001019684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918457,0.0002842689,0.003137387,0.002953012,0.0008117527,0.0006643572,0.0002174116,0.00001205487,0.0000740054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952079,0.00007035833,0.003616062,0.0008904529,0.000005718124,0.0001793565,0.000009702992,0.000003090656,0.00001734535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04079413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811102836","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2018.00063","title":"Model-Based Forecasting of Agricultural Crop Disease Risk at the Regional Scale, Integrating Airborne Inoculum, Environmental, and Satellite-Based Monitoring Data","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Victoria","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Agriculture; Sustainability; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Sustainable agriculture; Scale (ratio); Plant disease; Ecology; Geography; Biotechnology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02703400318295443,"gpt":0.2130415925264346,"spread":0.1860075893434802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005320238,0.0001666076,0.0001459675,0.00002264531,0.0006502616,0.00004344678,0.0006376786,0.0000522527,0.00003343618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002276583,0.00006564124,0.00004114784,0.0001923172,0.002426438,0.000172749,0.0004178606,0.0001272681,0.000002934714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001025095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001336794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005691033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001108638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983965,0.00007455976,0.0002384136,0.0005744224,0.0003659026,0.0003502406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994521,0.0000612948,0.0001409896,0.0001922436,0.000005328013,0.0001480817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004512039,0.00007470467,0.6360698,0.000002824451,0.00000218774,0.000001401155,0.0001106616,0.0007165594,0.3042321,0.00000128042,0.00005898309,0.05868432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001749771,0.0001379703,0.9096103,0.00002787279,0.00001644161,0.000002392134,0.0006226179,0.06911536,0.01975004,0.00005603349,0.0003141336,0.0001718202],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978607,0.001121634,0.0001210304,0.0002844624,0.0001602405,0.0001873107,0.0002125395,0.000007175605,0.00004496263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945515,0.000249422,0.004875989,0.00006696498,0.0001101126,0.000008595281,0.0001020301,0.000001589538,0.00003378435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2844821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.894031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283715279","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.912107","title":"Current State of Microplastic Pollution Research Data: Trends in Availability and Sources of Open Data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance; Carleton University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Global Water Futures; Gulf Research Program; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Norges Forskningsråd; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","keywords":"Microplastics; Metadata; Data sharing; Environmental data; Openness to experience; Environmental science; Interoperability; Business; Environmental resource management; Computer science; World Wide Web; Political science; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05329805045619958,"gpt":0.3143801253551588,"spread":0.2610820748989592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004566699,0.0001090075,0.0002040645,0.0003311702,0.0002432828,0.00003330726,0.003053831,0.00001581935,0.0004298076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001146617,0.0001102774,0.00000938828,0.001219363,0.002768718,0.0007753738,0.01470714,0.0002923635,0.000004391748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005992165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005503073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001233322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003832662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997215,0.0002424925,0.0004038595,0.0008689378,0.0008613838,0.000408364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987854,0.00006717159,0.0001475427,0.0009058721,0.00000180689,0.00009221033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000148079,0.0006401017,0.7205377,0.0000142916,0.00000330741,0.00000359414,0.0007385401,0.007352639,0.05309723,0.000009607576,0.004732786,0.2127222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005019272,0.0001380005,0.9409966,0.00001746934,0.000005533616,0.000005439922,0.0004285002,0.04583379,0.00111784,0.0003737128,0.0104298,0.0001513316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964336,0.0005128085,0.0005021971,0.00005227542,0.0004710562,0.0002422317,0.001634934,0.000002080918,0.0001488337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973137,0.0002165032,0.002301073,0.000005600715,0.000006928133,0.000007655375,0.00009499983,0.000005716235,0.00004780981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.220459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317629042","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1090267","title":"Estimated discharge of microplastics via urban stormwater during individual rain events","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MacEwan University","keywords":"Microplastics; Baseflow; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Stormwater; Urban runoff; Hydrology (agriculture); Pollutant; Drainage basin; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Chemistry; Streamflow","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006655751346962094,"gpt":0.1956009075030044,"spread":0.1889451561560423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000550649,0.0002003915,0.0002013234,0.0002500646,0.0002373389,0.00001945248,0.0005649055,0.00007348334,0.0005372796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005195388,0.0001891246,0.00004447643,0.0008959608,0.001077258,0.0003390806,0.0006120187,0.0001598082,0.0003965932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004776322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001656982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005122025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009179392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976661,0.00003999488,0.0003509038,0.0005043109,0.0007614632,0.0006772904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994234,0.000028718,0.0001289891,0.0002423242,0.000001547394,0.000174991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002239556,0.00008417763,0.569284,0.000006879518,0.000005138248,0.000008872453,0.0005283037,0.00390208,0.4241751,0.00000305944,0.001065066,0.0009149912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004997565,0.00005021293,0.9429595,0.00002593128,0.00001131926,0.000008647019,0.0001499227,0.01693223,0.03866846,0.0001385652,0.0003158381,0.0002395795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949375,0.0000230651,0.003696073,0.00001670651,0.0007636223,0.0002033882,0.0001431538,0.0000316941,0.0001848375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99541,0.00003734392,0.004132086,0.00001652077,0.00001861735,0.000009487267,0.00003530013,0.00001674376,0.0003238536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3855066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7712276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224864036","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.882221","title":"Coordination of the Industrial-Ecological Economy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"China Three Gorges University; Ministry of Education, India; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Social Science Fund of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Midstream; China; Yangtze river; Circular economy; Ecology; Economy; Geography; Business; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01310963852500762,"gpt":0.1766448201900049,"spread":0.1635351816649972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002197489,0.0001552727,0.0002994979,0.0002805256,0.0003204026,0.00003253279,0.001532646,0.00006546888,0.0006040109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000354309,0.0001407911,0.00009768789,0.0003336026,0.001172342,0.0004118558,0.0006317904,0.0003767098,0.00003543472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002411588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003576496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003452595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003639593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981826,0.00009934032,0.0006494497,0.0005937868,0.00008693687,0.0003878872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989347,0.00004053737,0.0004765512,0.0005029208,4.864609e-7,0.00004484622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008949288,0.0001767734,0.9649613,0.000001413095,0.000006509416,0.000001552596,0.0007537965,0.01657522,0.00005586147,0.01555448,0.001044445,0.0008596925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007653083,0.00007349807,0.9533694,0.00000206129,0.000002665603,0.000004531415,0.0009437298,0.007710899,0.0001222087,0.01853436,0.01827186,0.000199422],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853262,0.0002244497,0.00006768135,0.001250582,0.0009537272,0.0004441577,0.0001026075,0.000004585867,0.01162597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989659,0.000045601,0.0002178147,0.0002908706,0.00004090134,0.0001269791,0.000009062631,0.00001146729,0.0002913823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01722742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6613496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164084730","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.686334","title":"Plastic Plants: The Role of Water Hyacinths in Plastic Transport in Tropical Rivers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Space Agency","keywords":"Hyacinth; Environmental science; Plastic waste; Geology; Waste management; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002556233013797824,"gpt":0.1580516310778283,"spread":0.1554953980640305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002936784,0.0001625908,0.0002135344,0.0001327137,0.00008535622,0.00001215281,0.0004252799,0.00007215173,0.0007669978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065958,0.000118605,0.00003885041,0.0003990177,0.001376945,0.0002332774,0.0001829836,0.0002527595,0.00005395551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006122363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003262158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002404521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006080355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979683,0.00006304862,0.000375523,0.000485189,0.000540291,0.0005676834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995314,0.0001096436,0.00005044779,0.0002102937,0.00000101286,0.00009722364],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005544255,0.0001908049,0.8641946,0.000003056713,0.000002029508,0.00006125384,0.001001893,0.0294282,0.1034971,0.00002224463,0.00002473572,0.001518601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005773153,0.00004598621,0.9463486,0.00003270138,0.000005314877,0.00001339151,0.001219387,0.02112574,0.02915402,0.0004769521,0.0008341854,0.0001663927],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966649,0.00008528269,0.001671182,0.00003183323,0.000516861,0.0001319061,0.00005288768,0.000004100394,0.0008410189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990516,0.00008113599,0.0007675894,0.00002717445,0.000009874148,0.000009323255,0.000009429439,0.000007546714,0.0000362767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.082154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8398088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391033652","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1353447","title":"Editorial: Hyperspectral imaging in environmental monitoring and analysis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperspectral imaging; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Environmental monitoring; Geology; Environmental engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002972172972085964,"gpt":0.2017696045931117,"spread":0.1987974316210257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006792766,0.0004402325,0.0004779154,0.001318605,0.00009630349,0.0002654779,0.0005006173,0.0003310928,0.000008147674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006843753,0.0005081699,0.0001029299,0.0009242597,0.0008962429,0.0006128605,0.0002114316,0.001088912,0.00002553806],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004126476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004718151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004175745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000492195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964899,0.00003920506,0.0004618263,0.001032787,0.001290969,0.0006853447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.00006977846,0.00007125855,0.0004466753,0.00000292086,0.0001606283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001924827,0.00008875915,0.07441442,0.00008035768,0.0001211363,0.0001073474,0.00145901,0.00876224,0.08540405,7.62094e-7,0.8116021,0.01794054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001497744,0.00007085085,0.1225458,0.0005204173,0.0008663479,0.00001123176,0.004563625,0.3064276,0.007741574,0.0003304286,0.5520567,0.003367703],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.03476977,0.003367091,0.0004929118,0.0000150356,0.9607228,0.0002166058,0.00009486283,0.0001036365,0.0002173106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2959033,0.00320127,0.007146301,0.000001908438,0.6933495,0.00001990656,0.0001226358,0.0001144254,0.0001407246],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2976654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321615651","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1095920","title":"Biochar as a novel technology for treatment of onsite domestic wastewater: A critical review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Wastewater; Sanitation; Environmental science; Waste management; Sewage treatment; Contamination; Carbonization; Adsorption; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Pyrolysis; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04084849513634251,"gpt":0.3346776388574491,"spread":0.2938291437211066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006014973,0.0005439989,0.001782522,0.0007070904,0.0001734617,0.00002288187,0.001358342,0.000342441,0.0002327362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005101942,0.0004359841,0.0003193462,0.00213299,0.00473566,0.0002433863,0.0006243299,0.0001522306,0.0006843669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001883036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001095233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002591192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004511819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962468,0.00004745536,0.0009837783,0.001261253,0.000663031,0.0007977029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983729,0.0001603002,0.0003679153,0.0009509584,0.000003845556,0.0001440793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001234578,0.0007068271,0.0001968085,0.008939841,0.00004953249,0.00004069458,0.00009016477,0.00002559444,0.001795177,0.0002431888,0.001274387,0.9866254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005932804,0.001051536,0.00003025487,0.01341599,0.0005289089,0.0001654456,0.0002138407,0.0001373112,0.002081643,0.001510762,0.9792969,0.000974094],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000337477,0.9949564,0.0004423884,0.0002062413,0.0004943273,0.003057002,0.0002028689,0.0001255411,0.0001777142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001887902,0.9833071,0.0147566,0.00003226554,0.0000139388,0.001099268,0.00003770242,0.00005064175,0.000513682],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9856514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943972293","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057","title":"Geogenic Arsenic and Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water Sources: Exposure Risks to the Coastal Population in Bangladesh","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Water quality; Environmental science; Fecal coliform; Contamination; Population; Arsenic; Coliform bacteria; Water source; Sampling (signal processing); Toxicology; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Water resource management; Environmental health; Filter (signal processing)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007984780940436824,"gpt":0.2099901250592197,"spread":0.2020053441187828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001205079,0.0001443695,0.0001537849,0.0001676144,0.0001127762,0.00006272785,0.0003437354,0.00006603649,0.0002202832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001580758,0.0001080259,0.0000246311,0.0003377623,0.00033477,0.0005547217,0.000394651,0.0001887173,0.0001064347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005849518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004766688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00140088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004629295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981416,0.0001381181,0.0003083002,0.000532856,0.0004415491,0.0004376018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996452,0.00001880007,0.00005082812,0.0002062553,0.000001178597,0.00007769766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002045453,0.00004791933,0.9523045,0.000002159036,6.665842e-7,0.000002568903,0.002907074,0.002351747,0.03511646,0.000005598592,0.00001626678,0.007224534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006251454,0.00005246548,0.9894363,0.0000156263,0.000001766133,0.000003161855,0.001163309,0.003338754,0.004547054,0.0001101544,0.0005356225,0.0001706748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983673,0.00002145937,0.0002494233,0.0002623629,0.0002828911,0.0005813343,0.000004870762,0.000007837873,0.0002225088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989773,0.000009831026,0.0004020718,0.0002926235,0.000010718,0.00002084954,0.00001734119,0.000008065687,0.0002611696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03713171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.440517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301595308","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.1013326","title":"How does financial inclusion affect environmental degradation in the six oil exporting countries? The moderating role of information and communication technology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Financial inclusion; Environmental degradation; Quantile regression; Kuznets curve; Business; Population; Information and Communications Technology; Environmental economics; Natural resource economics; Economics; Economic growth; Econometrics; Finance; Financial services; Environmental health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004308581429631605,"gpt":0.1639663138149239,"spread":0.1596577323852923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002117242,0.000119361,0.0001820403,0.0003187466,0.00128739,0.0000567732,0.000722071,0.00005143727,0.00002195975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007299473,0.000100481,0.0000266716,0.0002710937,0.0007827075,0.001038234,0.00150632,0.0002653057,0.000001730505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007512509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001406283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009246201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003199224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987645,0.00006574657,0.0004956507,0.0002759952,0.0001521422,0.0002459387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989657,0.00004564897,0.0005945532,0.0003724837,7.414504e-7,0.00002086823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001808982,0.0001056267,0.9553292,0.000007751119,0.00000391972,5.806574e-7,0.009348608,0.005052726,0.003626856,0.0124977,0.00001782549,0.01399111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00166461,0.0002179576,0.7532467,0.00002680388,0.00001000346,0.00002027987,0.06325414,0.1060752,0.007344027,0.05056274,0.0169259,0.0006516943],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959741,0.001416404,0.0007488559,0.001135395,0.0001145273,0.0002119386,0.00006292457,0.000005053609,0.0003308049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973565,0.000695786,0.00158164,0.0001760603,0.000007571407,0.0001224401,0.00002983418,0.000006621588,0.00002353465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2020825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9901693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3181330885","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.691523","title":"Climate-Land-Energy-Water Nexus Models Across Scales: Progress, Gaps and Best Accessibility Practices","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; European Commission","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Scope (computer science); Set (abstract data type); Scale (ratio); Environmental resource management; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Scarcity; Climate change; Management science; Ecology; Economics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0150135381260109,"gpt":0.2577167762437746,"spread":0.2427032381177638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008546921,0.000385013,0.0003768973,0.00006303709,0.0009432933,0.0002666518,0.0007831511,0.0001262674,0.0001737999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003899268,0.0003060809,0.0000630857,0.0004854532,0.005220685,0.003034969,0.003188667,0.0002168758,0.00004874867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007262626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000194736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003357586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007207585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954132,0.0001401567,0.0004565569,0.001577507,0.001039019,0.001373574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987815,0.00003116913,0.0002306558,0.0006383269,0.000006654948,0.0003116644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001094077,0.001216864,0.940407,0.00003699686,0.00002475101,0.0002015836,0.002504485,0.001860311,0.0282936,0.000239692,0.0005047146,0.02460055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003086134,0.0005909013,0.6025149,0.0001948425,0.0001013813,0.0002792517,0.01657633,0.04787596,0.2274133,0.09066046,0.007826594,0.002879991],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832535,0.002263416,0.0005797092,0.0004274081,0.0005646062,0.000192617,0.00008754756,0.00004710303,0.01258406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929452,0.0006729017,0.005625342,0.0002232095,0.00004017164,0.00007690335,0.00002158008,0.00002676863,0.0003679006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3378922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293206654","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.941554","title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from vegetable waste of pea Pisum sativum and bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria: Characterization and antibacterial properties","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Lagenaria; Silver nanoparticle; Sativum; Antibacterial activity; Food waste; Food science; Allium sativum; Bottle gourd; Chemistry; Biotechnology; Silver nitrate; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Biology; Nuclear chemistry; Horticulture; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006929965973252706,"gpt":0.1745505383667844,"spread":0.1676205723935317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004488585,0.0001012068,0.0002165777,0.00007414656,0.000248066,0.00003575539,0.0002421919,0.00002773731,0.000141981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002339171,0.00009296887,0.00001721354,0.000182676,0.0008973823,0.0004249542,0.0003344147,0.00005283028,0.000001822607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006752925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002785795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002183595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004631332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987403,0.00009086991,0.0002885082,0.0003459774,0.0003228881,0.0002114135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995334,0.00003222309,0.0001761045,0.0001939713,0.000004911565,0.00005941933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004864861,0.0001189379,0.04944881,0.00001068771,0.000003158983,4.560102e-7,0.0007874308,0.00003305475,0.9473407,0.00003437335,0.000006612377,0.002167119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000169587,0.00004287558,0.1280335,0.00001976319,0.00001459021,0.000001081002,0.0008471416,0.001175781,0.8693829,0.0001035264,0.0001130711,0.00009616812],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990045,0.0001523201,0.00008910519,0.0001148277,0.0001412904,0.0002683092,0.0002039172,0.000007645955,0.00001804456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981595,0.00004339372,0.001640735,0.00001548477,0.00001980192,0.00007475713,0.000004423811,0.000008389636,0.00003347817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07858469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3791161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205906627","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.801599","title":"Emerging Contaminants in Streams of Doce River Watershed, Minas Gerais, Brazil","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Environmental science; Enrofloxacin; Contamination; Watershed; Surface water; Aquatic ecosystem; Glyphosate; Environmental chemistry; Population; Ciprofloxacin; Ecology; Environmental engineering; Biology; Chemistry; Environmental health; Antibiotics; Microbiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007940899004989762,"gpt":0.2458103725337506,"spread":0.2378694735287609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008135587,0.0002398825,0.0002976964,0.0001976884,0.0002736653,0.00001592042,0.0008809613,0.00004065566,0.002751538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001854296,0.0002375222,0.00006620974,0.000775,0.00270029,0.0006615174,0.00140116,0.0003298533,0.00007007163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001519016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001567854,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004652317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002476075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968246,0.000110899,0.0004429915,0.0007090539,0.001087389,0.0008250746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993017,0.00002369484,0.000133487,0.0003112,5.700315e-7,0.0002293171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005754909,0.0006027152,0.7991618,0.000005777626,0.00000350261,0.000075377,0.001408144,0.004445318,0.1683886,0.000008397612,0.0005042393,0.02533855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001332291,0.000178233,0.9304402,0.00001805111,0.000009315252,0.00002462976,0.002630597,0.005692847,0.05352862,0.0003305517,0.005399631,0.0004150171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995981,0.0001724067,0.00009315264,0.000158855,0.0003765851,0.0003126794,0.00004014777,0.00001081542,0.002854396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973427,0.0001248535,0.00170438,0.0003029908,0.00000850989,0.00001490625,0.00001040649,0.0000166747,0.0004745727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1312784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897574271","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2018.00115","title":"Enhancing Climate Change Research With Open Science","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Front (military); Environmental science; Climate science; Environmental resource management; Climatology; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5067970912365414,"gpt":0.556646742907669,"spread":0.04984965167112765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics","sts","open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1127071,0.0001831372,0.0003032192,0.04948754,0.002736853,0.006144964,0.01842939,0.00006448235,0.0004093538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006855546,0.0001244568,0.00003278663,0.2450956,0.02013068,0.006165778,0.01149107,0.0004484551,0.0006718458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001497431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005813729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002316316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001046745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9735967,0.0002370667,0.0005420017,0.002157605,0.02107406,0.002392598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963612,0.0004911782,0.0001684615,0.001522711,0.000607374,0.0008490575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000811423,0.0002329647,0.7627765,0.000001900231,0.00000150597,0.00002760367,0.001369171,0.000004077751,0.03617284,0.0006262276,0.00124031,0.1974658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006530798,0.0009089622,0.9153002,0.00004308531,0.000001477128,0.00001623754,0.006859133,0.005397482,0.05649226,0.004203395,0.009748863,0.0003758415],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9663223,0.0002297813,0.001902897,0.0005020151,0.00117801,0.0009510384,0.00001766966,0.00001397385,0.02888232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777775,0.0001939837,0.02122842,0.0001679511,0.0001159249,0.00006170792,5.514168e-7,0.00001168937,0.0004422725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1970899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293079409","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.925822","title":"Towards Sustainable Environment in G7 Nations: The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption, Eco-innovation and Trade Openness","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":true,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Openness to experience; Kuznets curve; Cointegration; Renewable energy; Non-renewable resource; Ordinary least squares; Granger causality; Quantile regression; Econometrics; Biology; Ecology","retraction":{"nature":"Retraction","openalex_flagged":true},"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008272428665207126,"gpt":0.1771274998861865,"spread":0.1688550712209794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016369,0.0001512755,0.0002661192,0.000745722,0.0003903317,0.00003887984,0.0005774367,0.00004375361,0.0004921645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003205273,0.0001745179,0.00003039526,0.0006459187,0.0007838908,0.0005633954,0.0005293482,0.0001479044,0.000005361656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001730608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002992586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001266333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003809938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981169,0.00004731829,0.0006693152,0.0006051518,0.0001411749,0.000420136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992012,0.00002631584,0.0003671058,0.0003551403,0.000001077968,0.00004919422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002463046,0.0003559573,0.7631787,0.00001217763,0.00001421018,0.000005048643,0.001059422,0.06374891,0.001287817,0.1667157,0.0002239501,0.003373422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001475689,0.0001434515,0.6809833,0.00000893826,0.000006454661,0.00001522661,0.01201816,0.02600507,0.004705147,0.1498288,0.1242263,0.0005834725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823651,0.004607319,0.002297835,0.0005899597,0.0002726208,0.0004345128,0.0001115829,0.000008795763,0.009312239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965203,0.001308663,0.001129081,0.0001534894,0.00001052554,0.0002091694,0.00002127542,0.00001613937,0.0006313868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1240023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7116633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403779253","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434549","title":"A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine vertebrates in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Energistyrelsen; Norsk Polarinstitutt; Aarhus Universitet","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Arctic; Ecology; Marine ecosystem; Arctic ecology; Habitat; Climate change; Circumpolar star; Predation; Pelagic zone; Plankton; Ecosystem; Sea ice; Geography; Oceanography; Biology; Fishery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02033796667255192,"gpt":0.2652214195572384,"spread":0.2448834528846865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001140041,0.0004179997,0.001394426,0.0002753578,0.00004568277,0.00001793255,0.000517318,0.00009598379,0.0003017836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006682692,0.0003280865,0.0001589451,0.0009138951,0.0005286587,0.0003126198,0.00135139,0.0002886347,0.00005406865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001306071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002019234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002776118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002072004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970368,0.0001446379,0.0009287138,0.0007872704,0.0006096159,0.0004929235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989972,0.0000443201,0.0004537479,0.000388325,0.000002109901,0.0001143374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000585063,0.0001678719,0.1639912,0.09612393,0.00001392718,0.00001456159,0.000122487,6.746211e-7,0.000003589807,0.000006386607,0.0001049586,0.7394446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006658335,0.001200072,0.2036332,0.4760136,0.0008565159,0.00007777735,0.0002827857,0.0007974387,0.0000242738,0.0001385989,0.314759,0.001550926],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005665498,0.9919844,9.537665e-7,0.00002941168,0.0002485145,0.001446261,0.00008376059,0.000006561901,0.0005346411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01787524,0.9816654,0.0001145359,0.0001015322,0.00001629543,0.0001649949,0.0000234021,0.00002664443,0.00001198454],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7378936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366290866","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1125979","title":"A global spatial-temporal land use regression model for nitrogen dioxide air pollution","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Bloomberg Philanthropies; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Health Effects Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Air pollution; Spatial variability; Satellite; Regression analysis; Mean squared error; Nitrogen dioxide; Temporal resolution; Pollutant; Meteorology; Pollution; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Statistics; Geography; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03037439149430506,"gpt":0.2851679007311774,"spread":0.2547935092368723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001000017,0.0001942169,0.0002027475,0.00009982625,0.0004655892,0.00003515338,0.0004360775,0.000103475,0.0000478494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009842599,0.0001758307,0.00006372838,0.000733877,0.001045109,0.0009996897,0.0003667732,0.0001005096,0.000110238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001697756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005654723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001375164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006301456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974428,0.00005589217,0.000310493,0.0006211998,0.0007220968,0.000847524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992023,0.00002100754,0.0001199757,0.0003067159,0.000001716448,0.0003482684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009371305,0.00007862267,0.9131033,0.000007666763,0.000001927678,0.000005151631,0.0004055991,0.06072276,0.0007066563,0.00001533753,0.01372606,0.01113321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004692567,0.00006490613,0.5777093,0.00001714973,0.000004572544,0.000002723483,0.0001695925,0.4146853,0.0003012695,0.004175982,0.002203601,0.0001964112],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9034799,0.00002956934,0.09374405,0.001312941,0.0003762426,0.0006255769,0.0001906438,0.0000762214,0.0001648192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9748394,0.00006024644,0.02333488,0.001271608,0.00002923638,0.00004923516,0.00004011258,0.00001278165,0.0003625343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3539625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7170169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280622826","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.866929","title":"Extreme Precipitation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic and Greenland: An Evaluation of Atmospheric Reanalyses","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Precipitation; Arctic; The arctic; Climate Forecast System; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03161871132719531,"gpt":0.2447271973015692,"spread":0.2131084859743739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003490202,0.00007762657,0.00008954552,0.00004858872,0.0002284898,0.00001894463,0.0003861644,0.00001796227,0.0004857904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004004897,0.00006824482,0.00001481067,0.0005109253,0.0005977519,0.0004412346,0.000150495,0.0001051281,0.000002687322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00152103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004618628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07146934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05391379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980026,0.0003230741,0.0001857952,0.0003478821,0.0008986003,0.0002420307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995891,0.00002283539,0.0000638924,0.0002422003,0.000001909184,0.00008002523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008350296,0.00008720822,0.9210917,0.000001491691,8.673425e-7,0.000001125347,0.004234684,0.06140722,0.0008817978,0.000008323828,0.00001347357,0.01226374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000190889,0.00005970175,0.6819461,0.000002204929,0.000009485321,0.000003205489,0.004435139,0.3116874,0.00001240508,0.001509688,0.00007701413,0.00006678395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984092,0.0000662047,0.0001052546,0.0001159389,0.00009319196,0.0003577514,0.00001110425,0.00000202207,0.0008393053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982077,0.00001686437,0.001587944,0.00009510322,0.00000342528,0.00005809764,0.000009529949,0.000003760019,0.00001753051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2502802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9633498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955818926","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00093","title":"How Land Cover Spatial Resolution Affects Mapping of Urban Ecosystem Service Flows","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University; Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Land cover; Ecosystem services; Land use; Environmental science; Image resolution; Spatial ecology; Remote sensing; Flow (mathematics); Physical geography; Geography; Ecosystem; Ecology; Computer science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004167088780259428,"gpt":0.1610749150411858,"spread":0.1569078262609263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005922547,0.0001854126,0.000272411,0.000116034,0.000126156,0.00005480992,0.000620014,0.00008460206,0.0003834515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000840668,0.0001604502,0.00004889522,0.0005532505,0.00006072989,0.0009710328,0.0003851432,0.0001096477,0.0003841603],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005910518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001435253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004530138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001581418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979175,0.00006410628,0.0002238997,0.0005741433,0.0007267346,0.0004935854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992806,0.00001776908,0.00017252,0.0003976356,0.000002224948,0.0001291992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002226342,0.00005768179,0.9565514,0.00005469715,0.000004716324,0.000003426472,0.0004664409,0.01495949,0.02695132,0.000001233795,0.0001899433,0.0007373468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008640401,0.0001125823,0.6909359,0.000161905,0.00001116,0.000009304356,0.0007776936,0.2914477,0.00781393,0.00004180596,0.007397704,0.0004262713],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996021,0.00009528296,0.0004995116,0.0001217561,0.001014909,0.0004685365,0.00002324704,0.00001782795,0.001737926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985551,0.00002566882,0.001156655,0.00006765002,0.00003846655,0.00001254063,0.000008598196,0.00001250252,0.0001228574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2764882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6542969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294308065","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.907562","title":"Design of Microbial Methane Oxidation Systems for Landfills","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Technische Universiteit Delft","keywords":"Methane; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Biofilter; Landfill gas; Waste management; Municipal solid waste; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01094353221664873,"gpt":0.2111463033650185,"spread":0.2002027711483698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00139428,0.0001884313,0.0002777434,0.0001421747,0.0003945974,0.00001753989,0.0006642902,0.00003335977,0.000526787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003422936,0.0001832859,0.00005454231,0.0004644007,0.001171732,0.000409313,0.0007993177,0.0001238891,0.00001944761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001721067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001822308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001670226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000102431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976447,0.0001280278,0.0003641709,0.0005432965,0.0007956721,0.0005241333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993337,0.00006187938,0.0002068012,0.0002951682,0.000001143567,0.0001012421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001422571,0.0002995268,0.1094179,0.000007759822,0.00001226947,0.000003501243,0.0008694724,0.177427,0.7060335,0.000004785854,0.00389138,0.001890577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008702145,0.00304771,0.3001983,0.00004593292,0.000151831,0.0001348394,0.009336574,0.1171573,0.5345883,0.001297288,0.02284552,0.002494287],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9381273,0.0004986997,0.05648634,0.00009378552,0.001481421,0.002078127,0.0001659009,0.00002714267,0.001041305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848304,0.00009670727,0.01432736,0.00007492717,0.00001545671,0.0002614346,0.00002079619,0.00001925273,0.0003536107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1907804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7474183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309858868","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.1015897","title":"Synergistic relationship of endophyte-nanomaterials to alleviate abiotic stress in plants","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"North-West University; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Abiotic component; Abiotic stress; Agrochemical; Biofertilizer; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Biology; Agronomy; Ecology; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01132866895823077,"gpt":0.2182269659282757,"spread":0.206898296970045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008915983,0.00009636702,0.0001842888,0.0002138082,0.0002112677,0.00002585991,0.0005951335,0.00001746964,0.0003518839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006023468,0.00009990468,0.00002024846,0.0004317189,0.0003443182,0.0001669828,0.0003112415,0.00005759178,0.00003812579],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003694408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003778321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006092568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009239544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983392,0.0001090092,0.0003690559,0.0003944401,0.0004507619,0.0003374872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994454,0.00006491402,0.0001105598,0.0002892347,0.000001902544,0.00008798751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001871515,0.0001706237,0.1209731,0.000004186525,4.550516e-7,0.000004169321,0.0004739306,0.004511137,0.8732218,0.0001482738,0.00004872958,0.00042489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000191211,0.0000481417,0.3115861,0.00001793931,0.000002558237,0.000001789495,0.0008605631,0.0004743366,0.6860111,0.0005358038,0.0001387058,0.0001316689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985687,0.00008849513,0.0002224469,0.00007198778,0.0003926056,0.0003155148,0.0001963632,0.00001016904,0.0001337507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965498,0.000009809088,0.003207408,0.00003220449,0.00001032669,0.0001330889,0.000004490236,0.000007420797,0.00004546288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.190613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4073995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810576647","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2018.00077","title":"The Land Suitability Rating System Is a Spatial Planning Tool to Assess Crop Suitability in Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Computer science; Land use; Land cover; Database; Agricultural engineering; Environmental resource management; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009167232858387506,"gpt":0.2158393706222244,"spread":0.2066721377638369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002873862,0.0002237576,0.0002918736,0.00006609105,0.0007977002,0.0001142355,0.0009883096,0.00005351656,0.0002975104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002460656,0.000168465,0.00005345788,0.0009415847,0.001421003,0.0003965273,0.0006311542,0.0002291722,0.0000438994],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006753846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002203403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6814896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7982217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963086,0.0001876585,0.000541575,0.0009172035,0.001132704,0.0009122476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988583,0.0001430561,0.00009768533,0.0006665286,0.000005564957,0.0002288586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003896536,0.00004073373,0.9843073,0.000004937388,0.000002976986,0.000007644185,0.0009713067,0.001736875,0.0005518213,0.000001392379,0.0002646889,0.01207134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002150417,0.00004324271,0.9645548,0.00001618001,0.000005197255,0.000002616005,0.004074327,0.02883917,0.001059237,0.00005871481,0.0008875835,0.0002438823],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963666,0.00003927452,0.000952383,0.0002413004,0.0005696462,0.0003980586,0.00002309124,0.00001370416,0.001395892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985174,0.000002897035,0.001125555,0.0002078818,0.00004182239,0.0000480396,0.000001924115,0.000008561703,0.00004589936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1167321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399565656","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1388606","title":"Removal of microplastics from agricultural runoff using biochar: a column feasibility study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Microplastics; Surface runoff; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Water pollution; Pollution; Chemistry; Pyrolysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009906460304051665,"gpt":0.2176447064951815,"spread":0.2077382461911298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004878342,0.0002015626,0.0002232481,0.0001078115,0.0001664078,0.0000709741,0.0004383179,0.00006560063,0.0006196601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004843315,0.0001738041,0.00005786545,0.0007156918,0.001291616,0.0003580077,0.0004101009,0.0001836207,0.000102743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001226008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004075184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007363902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009846253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977467,0.00006091361,0.0003774154,0.0007276984,0.0006662879,0.0004209856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994595,0.00005070717,0.00008103902,0.0002654649,0.000002268158,0.0001410426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002858768,0.0003989215,0.2577632,0.000005717061,0.00001090696,0.00008406964,0.0008737869,0.002567805,0.7360355,0.000005676974,0.0003775035,0.001848297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005243111,0.0002121736,0.93389,0.00006371926,0.00005671092,0.00007289956,0.002267204,0.04484425,0.01675949,0.0002716882,0.000633351,0.0004041449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910795,0.0003229651,0.006177467,0.000009707206,0.001492704,0.0004037724,0.0002115407,0.00002038008,0.000281981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9836939,0.00001983814,0.01612614,0.00001040444,0.00003547069,0.000003780796,0.00000950216,0.00001064601,0.00009032731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.719276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7087524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157110004","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.617952","title":"“Omics” Technologies for the Study of Soil Carbon Stabilization: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Metaproteomics; Soil carbon; Mineralization (soil science); Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Metagenomics; Soil organic matter; Soil health; Carbon cycle; Agriculture; Soil functions; Environmental chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Soil water; Soil science; Ecology; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Biology; Soil biodiversity; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02323337778778187,"gpt":0.2520003432287397,"spread":0.2287669654409578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000732974,0.000235277,0.0008595588,0.00003631908,0.0001521059,0.0000271097,0.001069414,0.0001144013,0.00001063388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001341678,0.0000821849,0.0002058744,0.001160921,0.0006044583,0.00005879278,0.0003633439,0.000177908,4.384326e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002565297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004316801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000765658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002010369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981816,0.00009269336,0.0004803772,0.0005415757,0.0004157502,0.0002879489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992682,0.0001733468,0.0002915002,0.0002229709,0.00001167629,0.00003232296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001355629,0.0001665252,0.001211207,0.0005261576,0.00001557799,0.000001291382,0.00002788113,0.000004219896,0.00001183159,0.000004410975,0.00004213423,0.9979874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004859118,0.00111898,0.002107709,0.0124021,0.001331458,0.00003041529,0.0223125,0.003077399,0.00006638325,0.0001591203,0.9555119,0.001396135],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009421692,0.9880542,0.000003543037,0.00005263236,0.0003422902,0.002007114,0.00005218739,0.00002169419,0.00004460256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002019352,0.9974169,0.0001098732,0.00002249384,0.00002199648,0.0003471196,0.00003623497,0.000002188924,0.00002380578],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9965913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3351403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203373787","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.680430","title":"Mosses are Important for Soil Carbon Sequestration in Forested Peatlands","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Peat; Moss; Environmental science; Soil carbon; Biomass (ecology); Sphagnum; Soil water; Agronomy; Vegetation (pathology); Litter; Boreal; Nutrient; Plant litter; Soil organic matter; Soil science; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006587196484908658,"gpt":0.2108415118492637,"spread":0.204254315364355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004900771,0.0001623426,0.0002220048,0.00009579046,0.0001270826,0.00003965176,0.000289753,0.00008917051,0.0000942878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006065945,0.0001569553,0.00004253693,0.0004792238,0.000551086,0.0003175863,0.0001801264,0.0001231529,0.000003735401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008003021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004718149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001773804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002400658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980953,0.00003795039,0.0003360088,0.000633189,0.0003391347,0.0005584541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994954,0.00002443995,0.0001125286,0.0002468955,0.000002314219,0.0001184084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002377381,0.0001279287,0.9822454,0.000003815844,0.000001730136,0.00006690046,0.000171536,0.001435318,0.01343444,0.000008822882,0.0002396784,0.002240588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008056273,0.00008332796,0.9690998,0.00001388796,0.00000530334,0.00001667463,0.000640774,0.02135738,0.005432112,0.001110837,0.00120676,0.0002274843],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955686,0.0001165735,0.000356859,0.0001960324,0.0003580824,0.000265375,0.00001759549,0.00001376674,0.003107109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964879,0.0003543762,0.002565554,0.0001313156,0.00002816442,0.00007473408,0.00006119515,0.00001073116,0.0002861027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01992206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6400452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381730447","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1137845","title":"Photovoltaic power stations: an opportunity to promote European semi-natural grasslands?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Agence de la transition écologique; Compagnie Nationale du Rhône","keywords":"Microclimate; Environmental science; Biodiversity; Biomass (ecology); Ecosystem; Ecosystem services; Ecology; Plant community; Threatened species; Vegetation (pathology); Habitat; Agroforestry; Species richness; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008543416009267802,"gpt":0.2323031823247443,"spread":0.2237597663154765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002345685,0.000249657,0.0002166984,0.0002436399,0.0004421948,0.00009355449,0.0009199424,0.00004462654,0.0005216307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002104713,0.0002335559,0.00005486295,0.001657913,0.0009651904,0.001371386,0.000711906,0.0002215588,0.0005161853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004824937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001114007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001516378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966027,0.0001852729,0.0003806099,0.0009738097,0.000967032,0.0008906266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983948,0.00001552383,0.00008705189,0.0006703946,0.000004889737,0.0008273494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002762313,0.0002291607,0.7974312,0.000005413553,0.000003511936,0.0001146964,0.005035225,0.0006542066,0.1663754,0.000002704727,0.009696577,0.0204242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002710167,0.0001357962,0.9640862,0.00001311698,0.000003165522,0.000008347618,0.003970413,0.007153617,0.001943081,0.0003957391,0.02165236,0.0003671591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944219,0.00001751047,0.0002106278,0.0000930668,0.000724979,0.0009790873,0.00003284939,0.0001195435,0.00340045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961838,0.00001390139,0.002305816,0.0004535941,0.0000259797,0.00009455025,0.00002620618,0.0000250282,0.0008711175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.166655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9524133,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409329826","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2025.1525574","title":"The changing face of the Arctic: four decades of greening and implications for tundra ecosystems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; European Commission; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; NordForsk; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Ympäristöministeriö; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Greening; Permafrost; Ecosystem; Face (sociological concept); Arctic; Environmental science; Geography; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Biology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01715907091567229,"gpt":0.2276839179532578,"spread":0.2105248470375855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004241503,0.00004882436,0.00007566842,0.00006543676,0.0003776153,0.00002069697,0.0003120836,0.00001760733,0.00001062008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002700858,0.00002976565,0.00002402365,0.0002910301,0.0006305936,0.0001053685,0.00003976479,0.00003772758,2.83913e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001452397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001599104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003046403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001912612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994324,0.00001730894,0.0001306611,0.0001324894,0.0001028505,0.0001843315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996552,0.0001128516,0.00006830016,0.0001375799,0.000003417287,0.00002268845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005018127,0.000002947285,0.9840263,0.00001327924,0.000002219611,2.34811e-8,0.0005958024,0.0001317899,0.00192627,0.00003912692,0.00005503874,0.01320216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008970762,0.00001508577,0.984242,0.00003462577,0.000005098435,0.000001567175,0.003977109,0.008459918,0.001149611,0.0005984393,0.001389171,0.00003771675],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951909,0.001761313,0.00111386,0.0006523859,0.0003729657,0.0002904606,0.0003484233,0.000001822305,0.0002678629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991946,0.0002534357,0.0003991858,0.00003810952,0.000008224023,0.000004251265,0.00000807152,8.656857e-7,0.00009326787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01316445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.290435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208476188","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.754657","title":"Bacterial Diversity in House Dust: Characterization of a Core Indoor Microbiome","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Gut microbiota and health","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Canada","funders":"Research England; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Northumbria University","keywords":"Microbiome; Biology; Ecology; Geography; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008068735685885104,"gpt":0.2059503609468808,"spread":0.1978816252609957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001478542,0.00006907123,0.0001024748,0.00007228804,0.00006762543,0.000007260274,0.0001802182,0.0000689863,0.0000277772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009701727,0.0000770528,0.00002216969,0.0001920617,0.0003248958,0.00001243795,0.0005344753,0.0000529595,0.000002445093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001036422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007556569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002084437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002530242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992697,0.00002304443,0.0001379641,0.0002835028,0.00008885749,0.0001969901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997417,9.777176e-7,0.0000571958,0.0001502926,0.000004472251,0.00004534993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002596431,0.00007606828,0.2867389,0.000004700372,0.00000122516,0.000003711084,0.0001370858,0.000001452031,0.7124627,8.38762e-7,0.0000411901,0.0005061348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003524737,0.00003302835,0.5874806,0.000007468046,0.000001316706,0.000004209285,0.0001065273,0.000009782644,0.4113603,0.000004529066,0.000578211,0.00006157607],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992439,0.00005216948,0.0001531635,0.00002949021,0.0003350368,0.00009701807,0.00005789556,0.00000201311,0.00002929478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984848,0.0002018645,0.001019686,0.00008293441,0.00002127154,0.000001617168,0.0001057021,0.00000546718,0.00007668373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3011024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3142122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403745424","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1481420","title":"Borealization impacts shelf ecosystems across the Arctic","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Indigenous Studies and Ecology","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecosystem; Environmental science; Arctic; The arctic; Oceanography; Marine ecosystem; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Geology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01232190115853483,"gpt":0.3235605934103906,"spread":0.3112386922518557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001745537,0.0000980713,0.000125232,0.00006283676,0.003534847,0.00003084171,0.0003130649,0.00007092232,0.0001472522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005347018,0.00006417644,0.00002820372,0.0003830636,0.0005335649,0.0002205931,0.0002897105,0.0002939083,0.0002338458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002038695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001380468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001419317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004741191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980274,0.0001093424,0.0002520994,0.0003050899,0.0002550402,0.001050999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995964,0.00007081722,0.00005145667,0.0002033316,0.000005781599,0.00007220691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001163028,0.00004012081,0.8795549,0.0001091249,0.00001334033,0.0000168863,0.1035046,0.0001481477,0.0005187753,0.000413103,0.0128488,0.002820499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003671166,0.0001286834,0.6352112,0.0001893761,0.00001439527,0.00001153944,0.2056679,0.01339884,0.0000711113,0.0009201763,0.1437365,0.0002832042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815771,0.002251565,0.001295607,0.001241409,0.007783011,0.001024098,0.00005439056,0.00004949966,0.004723325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981009,0.0005138887,0.0001330716,0.0004337266,0.0001452344,0.00009906515,0.00000845756,0.00001103095,0.0005546417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2443437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991357443","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00192","title":"Food Web Structure and Trophic Dynamics of a Fish Community in an Ephemeral Floodplain Lake","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity; Nedbank; Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management; Novo Nordisk Fonden; Rhodes University; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Ephemeral key; Food web; Trophic level; Floodplain; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Environmental science; Trophic cascade; Ecology; Fishery; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003376154161472791,"gpt":0.1858928369354275,"spread":0.1825166827739547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006799525,0.0001708675,0.0002962113,0.000181892,0.0001322391,0.00002050993,0.0008165614,0.0001014833,0.0009048256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002442174,0.0001728698,0.00003122036,0.0005858639,0.001914609,0.0006584473,0.0006230231,0.0004047127,0.00001090316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006385903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001695321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001210501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03515968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981641,0.0002145463,0.0003135772,0.0004445604,0.0004172821,0.0004459509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992464,0.00002731492,0.0001144508,0.0005044813,0.000001410683,0.0001060083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002143187,0.0001881124,0.980537,0.000004517658,0.00000331911,0.000002523053,0.0006304566,0.003976312,0.01247279,0.00001778065,0.00003042564,0.002115314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006157086,0.0004757761,0.9452295,0.000007350253,0.000006388221,0.000005685179,0.001448162,0.05012073,0.000762713,0.0009772877,0.0001458781,0.0002048212],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987122,0.00001308333,0.00003065494,0.00007779754,0.0001820467,0.0002805458,0.0001239956,0.000006742389,0.0005729339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965137,0.00002448446,0.003173466,0.0001960167,0.000004865983,0.000006778713,0.00002434282,0.00001064852,0.00004565328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04614442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195653965","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.642385","title":"Path Dependency and Future Adaptation of Coastal Cities: Examples From the Asia-Pacific","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Australian Research Council; Australian Government","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Dependency (UML); Path dependency; Sustainability; Politics; Dependency ratio; Path (computing); Asia pacific; Climate change; Economic geography; Environmental resource management; Key (lock); Climate change adaptation; Path dependence; Geography; Environmental planning; Political science; Computer science; Economy; Sociology; Economics; Ecology; Computer security; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03155222895564417,"gpt":0.2376681696164702,"spread":0.206115940660826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005746505,0.00008350812,0.0001045995,0.00005063813,0.000481757,0.00007359632,0.0002226682,0.00005362946,0.0001396299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007807998,0.00007410034,0.00002377818,0.0003676081,0.001450939,0.0005406675,0.00007172845,0.00008067169,0.000002183236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002059097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001470444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002309593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0119268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985259,0.0001411848,0.000179882,0.0002973231,0.0006376989,0.0002180707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995814,0.00008473043,0.0001045448,0.0001506786,0.0000149754,0.00006370055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001994943,0.0001099709,0.6486605,0.000006698097,0.00000873047,0.000007855149,0.2287018,0.00007915034,0.01299858,0.002599108,0.000621775,0.1061858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001568579,0.00001591491,0.3406565,0.00001475683,0.000006878452,8.25807e-7,0.647329,0.0008695206,0.0006906536,0.001466385,0.008696744,0.00009595181],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930599,0.001502556,0.001836404,0.0008946072,0.0006455515,0.0001865378,0.0001210611,0.00001082108,0.001742593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895668,0.003037561,0.006985526,0.00003913023,0.0001352429,0.00001006485,0.0000487681,0.00000522838,0.0001717015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4186271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6655433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214865753","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.765426","title":"Assessing Hydrological Alteration Caused by Climate Change and Reservoir Operations in the San Joaquin River Basin, California","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California Merced; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; California Energy Commission; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Streamflow; Climate change; Environmental science; Tributary; San Joaquin; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Drainage basin; Water resources; Climatology; Geology; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01824237449550685,"gpt":0.236058758706376,"spread":0.2178163842108692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001560573,0.000130594,0.0001271316,0.00008726531,0.001310203,0.00007839601,0.0004382512,0.00003103271,0.0003083714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001563689,0.0001024621,0.00001753564,0.0003841232,0.001570203,0.0008496522,0.0009306341,0.0002403177,0.00002059553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000428935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003040996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002428092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001117903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998106,0.0002958292,0.0001930197,0.0004945658,0.0004636782,0.0004469121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997035,0.00002379278,0.00003896458,0.000185351,4.472911e-7,0.00004794458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001440292,0.0001811243,0.9790756,0.00000183372,0.00000232646,0.00002587918,0.004222734,0.009142977,0.002989672,0.00002172348,0.002540451,0.001781337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004967708,0.0001310443,0.9462554,0.00000363118,0.000009134463,0.000006392959,0.004205974,0.04156296,0.0001322102,0.0003895025,0.006586642,0.0002203009],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960261,0.0001009839,0.0002653113,0.002311972,0.0001473162,0.0004347216,0.00002969523,0.00001035848,0.0006735609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969016,0.0001417715,0.0006972857,0.001967774,0.00001148846,0.0002227858,0.0000223819,0.000005252666,0.0000296547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0328201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224921506","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.790200","title":"Assessing Model Predictions of Carbon Dynamics in Global Drylands","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Horizon 2020; European Space Agency","keywords":"Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Carbon sink; Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Arid; Ecosystem; Carbon sequestration; Climatology; Land cover; Biomass (ecology); Productivity; Ecology; Land use; Carbon dioxide; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004431612086852191,"gpt":0.1987846505957706,"spread":0.1943530385089184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005057238,0.0001086379,0.0001370034,0.0001255287,0.0001820875,0.00002078136,0.0004673519,0.00003391468,0.00006459633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006090849,0.0001200234,0.00003041809,0.000897029,0.0006506309,0.0004276381,0.0005874535,0.0001965777,0.000001239081],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005161327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003488877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003960358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002059224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983163,0.00004346458,0.0002668666,0.00037496,0.0006614117,0.0003369713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996282,0.000006180186,0.00008634615,0.0002089185,6.086668e-7,0.00006973738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003993805,0.00008165139,0.5273483,5.487177e-7,6.539991e-7,0.000003476831,0.00009711699,0.4709214,0.0006006358,0.00004120632,0.000008415902,0.0008926162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001907747,0.00002221912,0.2054829,0.000003023252,0.00000317883,0.000007817179,0.0007539557,0.7923297,0.00002795179,0.001058118,0.00001984614,0.0001005174],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795598,0.00002631488,0.004849626,0.00003798642,0.0002588099,0.0001469758,0.00009984614,0.00001070246,0.01500995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950216,0.00001751665,0.00477296,0.00002197421,0.000002660761,0.00002616581,0.0000233897,0.000005743178,0.0001079196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3218654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959060585","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00112","title":"Significant Increase in Nutrient Stocks Following Phragmites australis Invasion of Freshwater Meadow Marsh but Not of Cattail Marsh","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nature Conservancy of Canada; Mitacs; Nature Conservancy; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Phragmites; Marsh; Typha; Nutrient; Wetland; Ecology; Biomass (ecology); Biology; Ecosystem; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005307988829417336,"gpt":0.1872776428825835,"spread":0.1819696540531661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001222364,0.0002677675,0.0004762579,0.0002907223,0.00006775976,0.00002274191,0.0008808601,0.0001120446,0.0005894337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004440005,0.0002519257,0.0001225813,0.0006750901,0.0008090691,0.0006697233,0.0008520072,0.000212509,0.00007679216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00119541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003257194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004645539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001640065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966267,0.00009969998,0.0006974901,0.0007623318,0.00114784,0.0006659559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989304,0.00005351232,0.0002582951,0.0005652692,0.000002704508,0.0001898154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006692822,0.0002097304,0.7243323,0.00002230816,0.000004196854,0.00001464987,0.0003734684,0.002783143,0.2711058,0.000007528867,0.00008356557,0.0009964089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001366184,0.0002270805,0.8729483,0.0001604693,0.00001736161,0.000005977434,0.002187625,0.01365427,0.1083978,0.0002555001,0.0002977266,0.00048173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975848,0.00003212847,0.0002572483,0.00003134154,0.0004429783,0.0007208281,0.0001248303,0.000009782728,0.0007960614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959016,0.00002812537,0.003525364,0.00003273935,0.000006580502,0.00002356949,0.00002096158,0.00001929961,0.000441761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.162708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290804113","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.918085","title":"Emerging Themes and Future Directions of Multi-Sector Nexus Research and Implementation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Interdependence; Knowledge management; Resource (disambiguation); Engineering ethics; Management science; Sociology; Computer science; Political science; Economics; Social science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01947969292905972,"gpt":0.2803899498086235,"spread":0.2609102568795638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007008126,0.0001147156,0.0001304553,0.0002022078,0.001044957,0.00001917842,0.0002782881,0.00001900206,0.0004270481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006793975,0.0001121824,0.00001605905,0.000679008,0.001889729,0.0003601038,0.001384948,0.0001649344,0.00000163939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005577289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009145444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006764094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002223292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980679,0.0001002746,0.0001921389,0.0005013756,0.0007265992,0.0004117234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996542,0.00002312103,0.00006246688,0.0001711756,0.00000204612,0.00008698445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004835899,0.0004119332,0.7361245,0.0000105034,0.00001830435,0.00001021886,0.01609518,0.0003250543,0.1091496,0.0008884725,0.001463287,0.1354547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008051479,0.000382291,0.8568313,0.000005141275,0.000008816382,0.00001788106,0.09429688,0.002362599,0.009280951,0.007102064,0.02860593,0.0003010187],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941233,0.001983183,0.00008240728,0.0003790476,0.0004416752,0.0002817604,0.00006028376,0.00001373739,0.002634589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996345,0.0003577138,0.002964606,0.00003053155,0.0000221448,0.00008097514,0.000003652298,0.000009708643,0.0001856956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1351536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8037067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3170478500","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.716516","title":"A Field Guide for Monitoring Riverine Macroplastic Entrapment in Water Hyacinths","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Space Agency","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Remote sensing; Environmental monitoring; Field (mathematics); Sampling (signal processing); Debris; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental engineering; Geography; Computer science; Meteorology; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004084462127295609,"gpt":0.1988900972283456,"spread":0.19480563510105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003685793,0.0001591514,0.0001610937,0.00009150745,0.0001509825,0.00004061225,0.0002864563,0.00005660953,0.0008322379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008124186,0.0001424655,0.00004117831,0.0002515935,0.0003478749,0.000247273,0.0003385264,0.0001286884,0.00006304123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009929294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002233897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009025745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006175094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980767,0.00002415532,0.0002933682,0.0005650214,0.0003794719,0.0006612464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995743,0.00005268952,0.00003682095,0.0002017942,0.00000182233,0.0001325416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005871393,0.0001987903,0.4423619,0.000008861969,0.00000391535,0.00008644235,0.0005758401,0.005644288,0.5319166,0.00001271232,0.001177879,0.01795411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001416267,0.0001970993,0.3632036,0.00006535518,0.00001314181,0.00003887927,0.000702957,0.01369739,0.5938053,0.0006355745,0.02571351,0.0005109979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9746866,0.00007657899,0.02254856,0.0001148566,0.001376638,0.0002383757,0.00002303852,0.000009285708,0.0009260271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795194,0.0001057151,0.01968636,0.00007815674,0.0000340084,0.000034805,0.000008405321,0.000009536569,0.0005235901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07915831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9112422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307457861","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.964230","title":"Lolium multiflorum germination and growth affected by virgin, naturally, and artificially aged high-density polyethylene microplastic and leachates","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Helsingin Yliopisto","keywords":"Microplastics; Lolium multiflorum; Germination; Environmental science; Bottle; Contamination; Agronomy; Horticulture; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.001815072706191009,"gpt":0.1568487107991647,"spread":0.1550336380929737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005266771,0.0002059561,0.0001808158,0.0001269553,0.0007916882,0.00007450839,0.0001966181,0.00005641482,0.0001343165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006163058,0.0002131103,0.00001447527,0.0002833453,0.001635617,0.0003423929,0.0007682124,0.0002765913,0.000006278681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004473351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001158532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005280141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007193806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981015,0.0001021454,0.0002036998,0.000681949,0.0004668926,0.0004438059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995359,0.00006158722,0.0001012531,0.0001219328,0.000001714774,0.0001776369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004508618,0.0001089703,0.112715,0.000005900293,0.000003508342,0.000009732259,0.0005279804,0.0001442021,0.8787602,0.00001921047,0.001220607,0.006439601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006190264,0.0001746679,0.9538875,0.000007407575,0.00001674457,0.00005102185,0.0004545827,0.01318223,0.03048985,0.0004332182,0.0003385481,0.0003451507],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966053,0.000349965,0.001730581,0.0001486691,0.0007687423,0.0002546641,0.00009091775,0.00001751059,0.00003359222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971466,0.0001964843,0.002326157,0.0001168436,0.00001822656,0.00001343984,0.00002458838,0.00001233414,0.0001453332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8482704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8690388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2334393276","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2016.00023","title":"A Comparison of Mercury Biomagnification through Lacustrine Food Webs Supporting Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Other Salmonid Fishes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Fonds en Fiducie pour la Faune du Nouveau-Brunswick; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Biomagnification; Salvelinus; Trophic level; Trout; Fontinalis; Apex predator; Bioaccumulation; Ecology; Food web; Mercury (programming language); Methylmercury; Biota; Benthic zone; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Environmental science; Fishery; Chemistry; Fish <Actinopterygii>","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02340831546017398,"gpt":0.2895737666130987,"spread":0.2661654511529247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005576386,0.0001852691,0.0002820235,0.0000790843,0.0001805763,0.0000231977,0.0003181168,0.00005446812,0.0003232484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006532571,0.0001372355,0.00004484799,0.000313335,0.002344516,0.0007700967,0.0002667649,0.00007096209,0.00003232819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002846608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001301494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009088597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004192102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979885,0.00005142346,0.0004825627,0.0004922536,0.0005470877,0.0004382101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993029,0.00004596314,0.0002869613,0.0002482982,0.000002935386,0.0001129634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001627505,0.00009275793,0.8496003,0.000004809923,0.000006061582,6.253426e-7,0.001116575,0.000008499184,0.1285159,0.00002722055,0.001056861,0.01955411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008270537,0.0003076848,0.8268139,0.00005094228,0.00002481061,0.000008736589,0.003708968,0.0002919932,0.1549921,0.0007473124,0.01186661,0.0003599154],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923369,0.0002748166,0.003333308,0.0003441891,0.0001781244,0.0002781693,0.00005621167,0.00001820752,0.003180046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923274,0.0001097837,0.007095991,0.00008368871,0.0000167423,0.0000189824,0.000002026166,0.0000119329,0.0003334382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02647623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8638468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}