{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":82,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":82,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"9eba98de0f65","filters":{"venue":"Frontiers in Water"}},"results":[{"id":"W3017028623","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2020.00006","title":"A Systematic Review of Water and Gender Interlinkages: Assessing the Intersection With Health","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"","keywords":"Sanitation; Hygiene; Environmental health; Psychological intervention; Observational study; Agency (philosophy); Medicine; Global health; Public health; Nursing; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Panthea Pouramin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nidhi Nagabhatla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michela Miletto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03287275996838832,"gpt":0.330369211663036,"spread":0.2974964516946477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008373351,0.000397013,0.002686193,0.0002001705,0.00008706527,0.0001342697,0.0003096341,0.0001286581,0.00001398238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002569193,0.0001550989,0.0002562653,0.000170897,0.0001042371,0.0002040602,0.0001110518,0.0005442865,0.000006968912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002664575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002520816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001705613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002788347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967735,0.0009813563,0.001246239,0.0004206024,0.0002373974,0.0003409049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991196,0.0000416629,0.0003449975,0.0003743112,0.00004614892,0.00007326242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001124516,0.00002543404,0.00001324997,0.977905,0.0001679948,0.000007808712,0.002803844,4.841979e-8,1.326757e-7,8.254075e-7,0.002938079,0.01612638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002885569,0.00009493028,0.000001349391,0.8707283,0.001046941,0.0001491594,0.0003329241,0.00001761579,0.00002983414,0.00006506802,0.1269843,0.0002609773],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001253488,0.9931862,0.001192971,0.001778053,0.001044617,0.002681632,0.000007130434,0.00003488451,0.00006195585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002602259,0.9971204,0.0004882208,0.001596593,0.0001073446,0.0001628743,0.0001650995,0.00006790536,0.00003135302],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1240462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.632475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3196845717","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.716621","title":"Hot Spots and Climate Trends of Meteorological Droughts in Europe–Assessing the Percent of Normal Index in a Single-Model Initial-Condition Large Ensemble","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ouranos","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz; Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Climatology; Peninsula; Mediterranean climate; Representative Concentration Pathways; Environmental science; Precipitation; Climate change; Climate model; Index (typography); Geography; Meteorology; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Andrea Böhnisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Magdalena Mittermeier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Leduc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ralf Ludwig","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233939213193238,"gpt":0.2538470328731704,"spread":0.241507640741238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005443397,0.0001010755,0.0002664306,0.0001337622,0.00004291198,0.00001144681,0.0001031506,0.0001104624,0.0002336977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002025144,0.00006620882,0.00003922177,0.0004063439,0.0002057301,0.0002373633,0.0001797594,0.0001794645,0.00000311746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004961397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006483187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006855423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00074861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987157,0.0002635765,0.0003317516,0.0002408902,0.0001401508,0.0003079159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997485,0.00002095997,0.00005705636,0.0001405535,0.00000750908,0.0000253933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001120646,0.0003266927,0.9618911,0.00001243979,0.00001320735,0.0001232132,0.00325156,0.01360267,0.01793716,0.00002031169,0.000066348,0.002643235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001414415,0.0000662928,0.8303021,0.00003273631,0.00004263044,0.00001504738,0.0006521297,0.1344378,0.0310205,0.001622564,0.0001998186,0.0001940233],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954046,0.00005940155,0.001194708,0.0001877066,0.00005015039,0.00003964621,0.000005082738,0.000003396195,0.003055321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987066,0.00003940422,0.0009976537,0.0001482948,0.000006461828,0.000004930092,0.00002491034,0.000005763094,0.0000659595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.131589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2699917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108040709","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2020.536743","title":"Downscaling Satellite and Reanalysis Precipitation Products Using Attention-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Nets","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Downscaling; Precipitation; Satellite; Environmental science; Baseline (sea); Predictability; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Mathematics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Y. Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guoqiang Tang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02701064006665546,"gpt":0.2064155630728684,"spread":0.1794049230062129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002994939,0.0001120777,0.0001715173,0.0001635105,0.0001131971,0.00007513228,0.00008016853,0.00004170562,0.0001919266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004357766,0.00008673799,0.0000533701,0.0003034762,0.00005595181,0.0002909928,0.000005692667,0.00008379573,0.00001973216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009721208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001572771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001335453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001251323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988175,0.0001320426,0.000252568,0.0003059744,0.0002755327,0.0002163691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999689,0.00001931201,0.00005574931,0.00007676563,0.00007023256,0.00008891816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004813969,0.000005712753,0.8993618,0.00002137576,0.00003977884,0.000002725067,0.0004452125,0.09064692,0.001853769,8.328203e-7,0.00008000768,0.007493748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002807202,0.00001872641,0.2359334,0.000008740187,0.00006907231,3.855255e-7,0.0001642534,0.7625321,0.0004474253,0.0001155552,0.0003038701,0.0001257492],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764296,0.001114123,0.01971123,0.002205343,0.000266406,0.0001346296,0.00001090998,0.00002622684,0.0001015751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844404,0.00002096729,0.01453989,0.0003844802,0.00008890368,9.132537e-7,0.0004964027,0.000003301155,0.0000247689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6718852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3537073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158621859","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.675269","title":"Research History and Functional Systems of Fog Water Harvesting","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"","keywords":"Rainwater harvesting; Water supply; Water scarcity; Empowerment; Environmental planning; Water resources; Business; Water resource management; Natural resource economics; Environmental resource management; Geography; Environmental science; Economic growth; Environmental engineering; Economics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Manzoor Qadir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gabriela C. Jiménez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rebecca L. Farnum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Trautwein","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07946385411792738,"gpt":0.295389240551425,"spread":0.2159253864334976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002328684,0.0001120028,0.0002424183,0.0003159003,0.00006305265,0.00003451014,0.000112557,0.0001372847,0.000350839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001335298,0.00007976681,0.00003766504,0.0001032599,0.0001747439,0.0001735992,0.000119979,0.0002870213,0.00004001787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003722616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006599152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008199529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002444646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997619,0.0008214288,0.0003733073,0.0003566931,0.0004207676,0.0004087669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991379,0.00006716375,0.00002771749,0.0003540516,0.000343484,0.00006971577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002732418,0.000227802,0.1713382,0.0006871409,0.0002380561,0.0001426123,0.0138294,0.004478069,0.6810632,0.004509017,0.1163601,0.006853111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008831662,0.00003419437,0.01279043,0.0000814837,0.00001625948,0.00003793271,0.001679984,0.001639863,0.4280973,0.003003466,0.5514645,0.0002714371],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339712,0.004893608,0.01969445,0.0005905373,0.008154853,0.0002837659,0.000005055635,0.00008598374,0.03232053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9324962,0.00002741479,0.02868987,0.0000434054,0.0002170883,0.00006084271,0.00006694502,0.00004385967,0.03835431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4351044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3841441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3193892126","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.689202","title":"Reducing Urban Flood Risk Through Building- and Lot-Scale Flood Mitigation Approaches: Challenges and Opportunities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction","keywords":"Flood myth; Environmental planning; Flood mitigation; Flooding (psychology); Vulnerability (computing); Business; Flood risk management; Risk analysis (engineering); Risk management; Civil engineering; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Engineering; Geography; Computer security; Computer science; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Dan Sandink","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Binns","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03151177800805766,"gpt":0.2110894873580237,"spread":0.179577709349966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002780808,0.0001547585,0.0001809355,0.00004115237,0.0001194409,0.00006006248,0.00008700015,0.00006966459,0.0000642212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005281862,0.0001262575,0.00002603727,0.00004224959,0.000168618,0.0004334016,0.0002869387,0.0001241039,0.000005021271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005869531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004462242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001429308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001207343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988216,0.0001000115,0.0001797144,0.000435238,0.0001775843,0.0002858572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996906,0.00000856433,0.00003846715,0.0001973257,0.000003965991,0.00006105986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007800325,0.0005894487,0.4373935,0.0004735453,0.0003528534,0.0001842954,0.116927,0.001807472,0.003891644,0.002018917,0.03871384,0.3975694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007218834,0.000587778,0.4180468,0.0004942478,0.0007751878,0.0000723542,0.1397662,0.03409789,0.1017863,0.06713007,0.2268814,0.003142994],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979725,0.005388726,0.00282524,0.001703792,0.0003590027,0.000207613,0.000003597566,0.00003476469,0.009752244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9251999,0.01617959,0.05656468,0.0001146867,0.00008214376,0.00004236927,0.00002353022,0.00002431454,0.001768754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3944264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.514863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208742836","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.729679","title":"Integrated Biotechnology Management of Biosolids: Sustainable Ways to Produce Value—Added Products","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biosolids; Anaerobic digestion; Waste management; Resource recovery; Environmental science; Biogas; Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Biomass (ecology); Biodegradable waste; Municipal solid waste; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Ecology; Methane","authors":[{"name":"Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hubert Cabana","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00625709133735231,"gpt":0.1810500072442872,"spread":0.1747929159069349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001706185,0.0001350674,0.0001901978,0.000275074,0.00002459791,0.0000155205,0.0001344425,0.00009901456,0.00002459967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002364652,0.0001094279,0.0000249766,0.0006799775,0.00004102092,0.00009192213,0.0000839485,0.000124971,0.00002491796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001392043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001465094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000143544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001653446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989756,0.00001611313,0.0002260357,0.0003213684,0.00009897671,0.0003619288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994913,9.757138e-7,0.00001345865,0.0003530456,0.0001073916,0.00003382199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001969378,0.0005837344,0.001175044,0.001753608,0.0006359869,0.000626404,0.002962908,0.03043541,0.4549749,0.1196752,0.3526764,0.0343034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001906638,0.00002680946,0.0001291458,0.00004588462,0.00001306136,0.00000447547,0.001405023,0.0001467555,0.8152645,0.0007844642,0.1818515,0.000137784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8536955,0.001636569,0.1127358,0.01518087,0.006344947,0.001846162,0.00001001694,0.001114393,0.007435711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9073337,0.0002859096,0.08492547,0.00008122208,0.00007521037,0.00005591941,0.00007903998,0.00004140288,0.007122101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3602895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.446234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304842744","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.959689","title":"Impact of recommissioning flushing on Legionella pneumophila in a large building during the COVID-19 pandemic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Flushing; Legionella pneumophila; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Distilled water; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Animal science; Veterinary medicine; Chemistry; Medicine; Biology; Chromatography; Internal medicine; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Marianne Grimard-Conea","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elise Deshommes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Evelyne Doré","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02026538006853726,"gpt":0.3093247523732804,"spread":0.2890593723047432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008346785,0.0001197143,0.0001578509,0.0001885484,0.0002407432,0.00001640941,0.0003370174,0.00006934565,0.00002961127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007694087,0.00007667629,0.0001073548,0.0001570401,0.00004548426,0.000005235971,0.0003931745,0.0003802483,8.021511e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002582055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008473083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002051546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002075184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986473,0.0002398495,0.0002217339,0.0002861169,0.0001885427,0.0004164456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995767,0.00001766368,0.00004581416,0.0002732346,0.00001176308,0.00007477376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003614081,0.00006677796,0.6197827,0.00001929555,0.00002798902,0.00002906871,0.0008092176,0.01049867,0.3660957,0.00000403689,0.002184484,0.0001205842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02160671,0.002926658,0.3679177,0.0002844471,0.00005620607,0.0006576257,0.00929325,0.01010503,0.3782643,0.003188496,0.2030476,0.002652028],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985277,0.0002998287,0.00019478,0.0004518153,0.0001841219,0.0001762644,0.00001077935,0.000006068185,0.0001486423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990626,0.00008385735,0.00008679432,0.0001698547,0.00006876051,0.00003530076,0.00003172752,0.00001944066,0.000441647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2518651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3126768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390953234","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1332968","title":"Methane dynamics in vegetated habitats in inland waters: quantification, regulation, and global significance","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Hydro-Québec; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Environmental science; Wetland; Habitat; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Ecology; Aquatic plant; Vegetation (pathology); Macrophyte; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Pascal Bodmer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Renske Vroom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Stepina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul A. del Giorgio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarian Kosten","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005305439714887213,"gpt":0.2060947770907772,"spread":0.20078933737589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003258926,0.0001593123,0.0001805465,0.00003133011,0.00002215536,0.00003962428,0.0001294621,0.0001052238,0.00004103129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006914665,0.0001282952,0.00002068566,0.0003444506,0.0002412765,0.0003130987,0.00009115911,0.0001422722,0.00004946035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001220444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005643207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008050075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004576856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998668,0.00007172652,0.00031859,0.0004479014,0.0001629087,0.0003308799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997507,0.00001134736,0.00002104464,0.0001613514,0.000001568425,0.00005396385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003216261,0.00003886145,0.9450551,0.00002188803,0.000005468316,0.00003471253,0.0007955054,0.04764746,0.0002870116,0.00006895044,0.0003211273,0.005691755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003274359,0.00001910931,0.6872908,0.00004033728,0.000005348338,0.000005006547,0.0004222294,0.3037345,0.0001314284,0.006903105,0.0009253145,0.0001953504],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762437,0.000264943,0.02165308,0.0005939117,0.0003494064,0.0002551544,0.000003928189,0.0000269378,0.0006089646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848631,0.00009510988,0.01419733,0.00005336601,0.000008313173,0.00002792041,0.00004165225,0.00001603593,0.0006971789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2577643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5231727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286001779","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.935035","title":"Using Nano-XRM and High-Contrast Imaging to Inform Micro-Porosity Permeability During Stokes–Brinkman Single and Two-Phase Flow Simulations on Micro-CT Images","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Qatar Science and Technology Park; Qatar Petroleum; Energi Simulation","keywords":"Porosity; Microporous material; Permeability (electromagnetism); Materials science; Stokes flow; Porous medium; Mineralogy; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Geology; Mechanics; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Hannah Menke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ying Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sven Linden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Andrew","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007265972107072024,"gpt":0.2328533250155019,"spread":0.2255873529084299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002136648,0.0002512904,0.0002902008,0.0003322091,0.0003287833,0.000113337,0.0001306643,0.00002982728,0.00003350185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001798453,0.0002584989,0.00004002239,0.0001508335,0.00006891722,0.0004400908,0.0002087654,0.0002968323,0.00000115256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006547078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007689204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009959042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002872266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986858,0.00004290843,0.0003131893,0.000354187,0.0001534605,0.0004504632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999561,0.00002541375,0.00002860964,0.0002638515,0.00002553173,0.00009564775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007479383,0.00006494774,0.02438938,0.00007581116,0.00002011579,0.00002458294,0.001108878,0.08487144,0.8830321,0.000001048921,0.0002102025,0.006126699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001343077,0.0000620722,0.00715825,0.00005179818,0.00001970434,0.00003301269,0.0001863544,0.03343737,0.9563563,0.0002849443,0.0006319861,0.0004350838],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908041,0.0001675228,0.007652769,0.00006742676,0.0004541696,0.0003875154,0.0001211604,0.0002398078,0.0001054632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9566191,0.000008364923,0.04309669,0.00007171549,0.00003378832,0.00002859251,0.00003567479,0.00005051649,0.00005554929],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07332424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398204086","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1378598","title":"Improving monthly precipitation prediction accuracy using machine learning models: a multi-view stacking learning technique","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Stacking; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Precipitation; Meteorology; Chemistry; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Mounia El Hafyani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Khalid El Himdi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Salah‐Eddine El Adlouni","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03209203658974742,"gpt":0.2488303090734869,"spread":0.2167382724837395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001065296,0.0002254956,0.0002090793,0.000172556,0.000258787,0.0001600346,0.0001735218,0.0001722054,0.0001153037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001992164,0.000175823,0.00007090305,0.0002850298,0.00009492805,0.0009601017,0.0002392153,0.0008201764,0.00003825873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006160566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001020887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000781294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003409466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980047,0.0002573783,0.0003817095,0.0005740052,0.0002784687,0.0005037705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996682,0.00004519491,0.00006984795,0.0001383286,0.000009658469,0.00006877765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001780831,0.00002586999,0.02290058,0.00006098446,0.00001041467,0.00002543769,0.002166963,0.9164208,0.03483927,0.000001906264,0.00004103919,0.02348893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001640608,0.0000634463,0.0002158398,0.0002225357,0.00002211398,0.00001014654,0.00005630845,0.9918709,0.003997646,0.0007207437,0.002441979,0.0002142441],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.49354,0.0004219808,0.5043651,0.00005684033,0.0005002643,0.0004178837,0.00000345945,0.0004082805,0.0002861656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8803422,0.00002729758,0.1190426,0.00002503144,0.00004848665,0.00005442119,0.00004122531,0.00005048536,0.0003683055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3868022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7169855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177815949","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.671059","title":"Toward More Resilient Urban Stormwater Management Systems—Bridging the Gap From Theory to Implementation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Kerr Wood Leidal Associates (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Drainage; Drainage system (geomorphology); Resilience (materials science); Urbanization; Context (archaeology); Environmental planning; Stormwater; Bridging (networking); Climate change; Environmental resource management; Risk analysis (engineering); Business; Environmental science; Computer science; Geography; Surface runoff; Economics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Bert van Duin","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Z. Zhu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wenming Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert J. Muir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Johnston","is_ca":true},{"name":"Craig Kipkie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gilles Rivard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009865412369007285,"gpt":0.2394625155437064,"spread":0.2295971031746991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005016328,0.0001778469,0.0001638794,0.00006937484,0.0001315802,0.0001228805,0.0003243753,0.00003318134,0.0009445523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002131313,0.0001100778,0.00005487923,0.0001543253,0.00005156647,0.0001821455,0.0006477108,0.00009956847,0.0003817462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003941691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003644849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007264449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001578499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998179,0.0001851339,0.0002850442,0.0004680583,0.0004302281,0.0004525502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999432,0.000009436646,0.00003469367,0.0004465843,0.00000687137,0.00007047522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001009771,0.0001105431,0.2760282,0.00004995374,0.0002291857,0.0002335584,0.01719735,0.01192151,0.001999541,0.0008417952,0.6673793,0.02390809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001670784,0.00006836629,0.2248361,0.00008695772,0.0001977715,0.000003062773,0.05417527,0.002304986,0.01495614,0.003710487,0.6972135,0.0007765341],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8846654,0.0003480012,0.09258905,0.005858062,0.003645106,0.001644928,0.00001834788,0.00008000019,0.01115111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727067,0.00006489787,0.01370247,0.001492278,0.0001429816,0.0002626162,0.000116897,0.00003310183,0.01147808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08804129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221044074","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.782124","title":"A Synthesis of Surface Water Quality in Awash Basin, Ethiopia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Tributary; Urbanization; Water quality; Environmental science; Irrigation; Surface water; Population; Sewage; Structural basin; Water resource management; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resources; Agriculture; Pollution; Environmental protection; Environmental engineering; Geography; Geology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Endaweke Assegide","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tena Alamirew","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yihun T. Dile","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haimanote K. Bayabil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bezaye Tessema","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gete Zeleke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01840279797032792,"gpt":0.2593952345525729,"spread":0.240992436582245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002080941,0.0001218133,0.000274743,0.00007173674,0.00008357262,0.00001096577,0.0002987332,0.00005790879,0.005134809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001261654,0.00008666675,0.0000653347,0.00013605,0.0001364093,0.0001353291,0.0004283235,0.0002469499,0.00009748898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004279689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007350318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003369767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001895294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976071,0.0008409275,0.0004549864,0.0002932563,0.0004100623,0.000393679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995974,0.00002895931,0.00004464097,0.0002793708,0.000003048731,0.00004663345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001652976,0.0003936215,0.9266275,0.00004539272,0.00001847231,0.00001905776,0.01457219,0.02354537,0.02345054,0.00006630839,0.01011643,0.0009797667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001227488,0.00009200969,0.2760686,0.00002451238,0.0000162124,0.000004171068,0.00292728,0.00102761,0.5766016,0.004722542,0.1366662,0.000621787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940839,0.00001057347,0.0002602363,0.002532379,0.0004747188,0.0001774952,0.00002465836,0.00001417759,0.002421794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954088,0.000005137283,0.002310466,0.0004046329,0.000007237778,0.00003921518,0.00001389145,0.00001068727,0.001799969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6505589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213015128","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.739492","title":"Design of Sustainable Biomaterial Composite Adsorbents for Point-of-Use Removal of Lead Ions From Water","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Adsorption; Biocomposite; Kaolinite; Chemical engineering; Composite number; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed H. Mohamed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Inimfon A. Udoetok","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mostafa Solgi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bernd G. K. Steiger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zexian Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lee D. Wilson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01389665559984965,"gpt":0.2114294969392399,"spread":0.1975328413393903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003203547,0.0001261428,0.0002773644,0.0001290435,0.0000816076,0.000009878525,0.0002539991,0.00005838221,0.001387165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000565898,0.00008902841,0.00009902844,0.0001052927,0.000199872,0.000199595,0.0002990404,0.00005945633,0.00001197737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001500028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007484428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005735004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002911307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985978,0.0001286425,0.0004325926,0.0002328189,0.000274331,0.0003338364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996266,0.00001454649,0.0001019924,0.0002050012,0.00001535162,0.00003648972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009720153,0.0001912658,0.005624657,0.00001821016,0.00002910558,0.00001737469,0.001392106,0.002854473,0.9859046,0.00002658938,0.002798455,0.0001711185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001833679,0.000283822,0.002184825,0.00001026424,0.00003456466,0.00001368654,0.001063169,0.003756461,0.9751956,0.002381776,0.01302682,0.0002152644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835718,0.00001282949,0.01495006,0.0001100015,0.0005768638,0.0005129908,0.0001658626,0.00001361124,0.00008596061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729285,0.000003726404,0.02416532,0.00003941051,0.00001476122,0.00001502104,0.0001365681,0.00001685368,0.002679816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01070896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127764893","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2020.620704","title":"Assessment of the Ecological Health of Afrotropical Rivers Using Fish Assemblages: A Case Study of Selected Rivers in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg; National Research Fund, Kenya","keywords":"Index of biological integrity; Water quality; Ecosystem health; Environmental science; Ecology; Habitat; Species richness; Drainage basin; Ecological health; Fishery; Geography; Ecosystem; Biology; Ecosystem services","authors":[{"name":"Alfred O. Achieng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank O. Masese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tracey J. Coffey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Phillip O. Raburu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Agembe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Boaz Kaunda‐Arara","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01732108568948703,"gpt":0.2494874722525706,"spread":0.2321663865630836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004899311,0.00009324573,0.0003060423,0.00003332304,0.00006948662,0.000006581374,0.0002441387,0.00006507103,0.0001631521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002745174,0.00004995257,0.00005630459,0.0003448518,0.0001355603,0.00006145202,0.0002320737,0.0001573475,5.773708e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000264565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000446752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003158754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0177456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982323,0.0006705861,0.000347687,0.0002076391,0.0003354774,0.0002062829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995288,0.00003963958,0.0001448865,0.0002371781,0.00002014552,0.00002932242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010924,0.0006209424,0.9913822,0.00001898388,0.00002174931,0.0001557084,0.005620899,0.0006693685,0.0004021683,0.000001537813,0.001046125,0.00004937741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008656641,0.0002196277,0.9815394,0.00001965777,0.00002149719,0.00002189731,0.01494494,0.00166777,0.000410799,0.00002968454,0.0001907178,0.00006838439],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988431,0.000003646083,0.0001640738,0.0001651109,0.0002636945,0.0004376645,0.00001711738,0.000002422521,0.0001031288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998274,0.000003729481,0.001626001,0.00006755883,0.000007076947,0.000002839557,0.00000330921,0.00000268977,0.0000127583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01458685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9902464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291002900","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.958130","title":"Change in microplastic concentration during various temporal events downstream of a combined sewage overflow and in an urban stormwater creek","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Mitacs; National Geographic Society","keywords":"Snowmelt; Stormwater; Combined sewer; Environmental science; Outfall; Microplastics; Sewage; Hydrology (agriculture); Surface runoff; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Shaun A. Forrest","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darryl McMahon","is_ca":false},{"name":"William A. Adams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jesse C. Vermaire","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00602907630428526,"gpt":0.1841911247640484,"spread":0.1781620484597631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001844938,0.0001089236,0.0001698051,0.00009554256,0.00005664605,0.00001273276,0.00009733695,0.00004475665,0.0003486482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005289886,0.0001029302,0.00001468622,0.0001194437,0.00006164455,0.0001889141,0.0001406566,0.0001528532,0.00000363998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003086057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006454137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002384337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002742214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989427,0.0001070823,0.0002523448,0.0002483891,0.0001573404,0.000292083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997914,0.000008775727,0.00004737003,0.0001024001,0.000002071448,0.00004799785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002402531,0.0001603357,0.9662392,0.00001501254,0.000002887675,0.00002887181,0.003731071,0.001658108,0.02760755,6.432069e-7,0.0001836803,0.0001324452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002254674,0.0002091075,0.9765771,0.00002554216,0.000006330302,0.000007390177,0.0001836446,0.01666766,0.00353649,0.0001135064,0.0002290321,0.0001895184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989117,0.00002633567,0.0001343746,0.00002033322,0.0005663182,0.0002694573,0.00004120259,0.000005468347,0.00002476361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993798,0.0000068869,0.0003951494,0.00002522192,0.0000177057,0.00003244408,0.00006335312,0.000009876243,0.00006957272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02407106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4197371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283575529","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.934709","title":"Interpreting Deep Machine Learning for Streamflow Modeling Across Glacial, Nival, and Pluvial Regimes in Southwestern Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Streamflow; Flood forecasting; Precipitation; Pluvial; Climatology; Glacier; Environmental science; Climate change; Drainage basin; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Geomorphology; Cartography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Sam Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Valentina Radić","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005888411655057092,"gpt":0.2016918177831335,"spread":0.1958034061280764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003896137,0.0001218205,0.000173036,0.00004257936,0.0003843354,0.00001753947,0.0001493605,0.00002784956,0.00007044932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001503707,0.0001048028,0.00002135028,0.00005377474,0.00007095364,0.0001070022,0.0006582369,0.0002138824,0.000001316046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002504902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004599548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1032722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2761838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988785,0.00008152602,0.0001833589,0.0003058611,0.0001238773,0.0004268828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998475,0.00001510848,0.00002744746,0.00008020928,0.000001617899,0.00002815726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001206309,0.00001294979,0.6561053,0.000009266957,0.00001399505,0.00001913998,0.009249476,0.3323069,0.00002944441,7.815964e-7,0.0005555149,0.001576606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001150686,0.00008105274,0.002579626,0.00001082148,0.00001194519,0.000002518734,0.007426087,0.9774189,0.00009625235,0.0007181641,0.01022357,0.000280366],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935708,0.0000949178,0.004834656,0.0006184522,0.0004024053,0.0002118493,0.000005995769,0.0000142095,0.0002467047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998269,0.00001348732,0.0007217403,0.0002312413,0.00001510546,0.00007353893,0.00002287239,0.00001343631,0.0006395907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6535257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9026992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189039634","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.669007","title":"Groundwater, Soil, and Vegetation Interactions at Discrete Riparian Inflow Points (DRIPs) and Implications for Boreal Streams","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms Minne","keywords":"Riparian zone; Groundwater; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); STREAMS; Biogeochemical cycle; Surface runoff; Groundwater flow; Wetland; Subsurface flow; Streamflow; Vegetation (pathology); Drainage basin; Geology; Ecology; Aquifer; Geography; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Ploum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason A. Leach","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hjalmar Laudon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lenka Kuglerová","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0081293600617075,"gpt":0.2302549776179951,"spread":0.2221256175562876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000992876,0.00009747584,0.0001166821,0.00004046567,0.0002406707,0.00003089454,0.00004999935,0.00004067688,0.00003314599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001194767,0.00007557252,0.00002168287,0.00004441608,0.0001343791,0.0002708166,0.0002326302,0.00005631671,0.00001377458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007592105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001441998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001092247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001274681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992871,0.00003461271,0.0001371275,0.000281759,0.00004175415,0.000217703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999787,0.00002049494,0.00002220851,0.0001229437,0.000005270399,0.00004206237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005361338,0.00004866723,0.9775392,0.00002305362,0.00005761801,0.00000381097,0.002099069,0.0001634854,0.001371801,0.0001038771,0.01146763,0.007068125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001293451,0.00009448612,0.9195617,0.00001980038,0.00008518023,0.00001402246,0.0003648786,0.002961881,0.007125847,0.02680859,0.04138428,0.0002858307],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799219,0.00008380634,0.008283955,0.008935209,0.0003181365,0.0002366844,0.000006744961,0.00001868288,0.002194871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934219,0.0001174191,0.004236236,0.0004210274,0.00002005461,0.0001029182,0.00009699858,0.000008595169,0.001574885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0579775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3081758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408552437","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2025.1514047","title":"Enhancing flood prediction through remote sensing, machine learning, and Google Earth Engine","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Saint-Boniface","funders":"","keywords":"Flood myth; Computer science; Remote sensing; Earth (classical element); Geology; Geography; Archaeology; Astronomy; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Sonia Hajji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samira Krimissa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kamal Abdelrahman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdelghani Boudhar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdenbi Elaloui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maryam Ismaili","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meryem El Bouzekraoui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Chikh Essbiti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Y. Kahal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Biraj Kanti Mondal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mustapha Namous","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002854222509781038,"gpt":0.1994898326377165,"spread":0.1966356101279354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002070505,0.0001164001,0.0001287532,0.00006240817,0.0001029673,0.00003115907,0.00006325999,0.00005082637,0.0001563995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007692748,0.00009038573,0.00002288564,0.0001119172,0.00005670199,0.0001753495,0.0001985091,0.0001612088,0.00003089462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006837847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002291393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009363171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005965932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991412,0.00004720448,0.0001587529,0.0002730733,0.0001273569,0.000252461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998323,0.000004889441,0.00001979098,0.0001152838,0.000002430234,0.00002529904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001141464,0.0001049005,0.703113,0.0001417134,0.0001674213,0.00005968674,0.004798448,0.007261685,0.02614786,0.00005491079,0.04730108,0.2107351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001680963,0.0001432084,0.0374467,0.0001121379,0.00008061458,0.000003496325,0.0004667078,0.1974055,0.06195234,0.003425545,0.6969163,0.0003665154],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5933008,0.0004617016,0.3689376,0.0007991019,0.001546651,0.0004197949,0.000002071288,0.0001338149,0.03439838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7614886,0.000735924,0.1834581,0.0003281989,0.00006428644,0.000002779411,0.00003837957,0.00002450371,0.0538593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6656663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3685823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224011515","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.805143","title":"Changes in Large Lake Water Level Dynamics in Response to Climate Change","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Michigan","keywords":"Climate change; Copula (linguistics); Environmental science; Water supply; Marginal distribution; Structural basin; Climate model; Autocorrelation; Climatology; Hydrology (agriculture); Econometrics; Geology; Statistics; Mathematics; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Alexander VanDeWeghe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victor Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennani Jayaram","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew D. Gronewold","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0157282652642861,"gpt":0.2217816630917613,"spread":0.2060533978274752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001554955,0.0001553306,0.0002190675,0.0003528755,0.0001500504,0.000009838425,0.0002812721,0.00005340857,0.001116069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007192287,0.0001151995,0.00002411708,0.0002069895,0.00006150817,0.000130444,0.001548592,0.0002270313,0.000229868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005613573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.96735e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001948007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03385136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980965,0.0002720683,0.0001937022,0.0003888712,0.0001838062,0.0008651069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999735,0.000009013451,0.00001460325,0.0002005315,0.000001315631,0.00003956252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007490144,0.0001297465,0.9797326,0.000009405359,0.000006510407,0.0002129871,0.01449677,0.001251752,0.0002599715,0.000009808226,0.002460089,0.0006813201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002245479,0.0002817765,0.8304653,0.0000193347,0.000009945125,0.000003503807,0.004623409,0.005334094,0.0009171651,0.001056912,0.1544495,0.0005935614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825942,0.00001328381,0.0000693102,0.01512581,0.0006294604,0.0004901125,0.00005364551,0.00002094019,0.001003224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942145,0.00002934037,0.0003333398,0.002779595,0.00001552592,0.0005412707,0.00005616521,0.00001772903,0.002012561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1519894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3136106769","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.627551","title":"Efficient Irrigation of Maize Through Soil Moisture Monitoring and Modeling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Università degli Studi di Padova","keywords":"Environmental science; Water balance; Irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Water content; Growing season; Agriculture; Deficit irrigation; Moisture; Agricultural engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater recharge; Irrigation management; Agronomy; Groundwater; Geography; Ecology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Matteo Camporese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvio José Gumière","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mario Putti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gianluca Botter","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01011142698621866,"gpt":0.2129472176425362,"spread":0.2028357906563175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008708995,0.00007658675,0.0001188288,0.00001694689,0.00004597251,0.00001205725,0.00004197581,0.00006430698,0.000007986283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007657226,0.00005609496,0.00002551498,0.00007812489,0.00005943662,0.0000478863,0.00008422395,0.00009142178,0.000004652964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006563446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003181618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004156732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000604809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993197,0.00002681996,0.0001416977,0.0001966036,0.0001510089,0.0001641795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998289,0.000004333216,0.0000185903,0.0001176847,0.000007224922,0.00002325876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002488711,0.0000604873,0.2752172,0.0000371721,0.00001975275,0.00004655316,0.01321166,0.6212854,0.07553317,0.000007240983,0.000295766,0.01426066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009298261,0.0000257721,0.110933,0.0001782069,0.00004091741,0.00002748322,0.005175534,0.3668459,0.5066412,0.008230866,0.0005702693,0.0004009791],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860679,0.0002947662,0.006958486,0.0001448307,0.0006400791,0.00004671953,2.023807e-7,0.000009168084,0.005837855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802696,0.00002301883,0.01946317,0.00002761023,0.00004588952,3.934414e-7,0.000002473155,0.000008104275,0.0001597617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4311081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2287486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200503287","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.730479","title":"Fate of Pharmaceuticals in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Treating Hospital Wastewater","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biodegradation; Wastewater; Membrane bioreactor; Chemistry; Sewage treatment; Pharmacology; Bioreactor; Environmental engineering; Medicine; Environmental science; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Bhagyashree Tiwari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yassine Ouarda","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick Drogui","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. D. Tyagi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marc Antoine Vaudreuil","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sébastien Sauvé","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gerardo Buelna","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rino Dubé","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01377347680575114,"gpt":0.2538406247416644,"spread":0.2400671479359132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002114618,0.0001784459,0.0002997685,0.00005858754,0.00002431886,0.00001418156,0.0001540916,0.00007919512,0.002192213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002362931,0.0001269856,0.00007329749,0.0001958538,0.0002339391,0.000237593,0.0002251021,0.0001897001,0.0001344211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001596902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004737384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009439504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000145326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983797,0.000099538,0.0003719544,0.0003497456,0.0002412084,0.0005578675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996306,0.00001278906,0.00003567796,0.0001714593,0.000002370197,0.0001470823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003243722,0.0003428324,0.3952099,0.00002135052,0.00001195337,0.0001322676,0.000672291,0.0001436664,0.6012533,0.000001275839,0.0002679034,0.00191077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001049364,0.0000330461,0.05118839,0.00003976148,0.00001437579,0.000004939085,0.0002193211,0.0009014768,0.9445564,0.0001560341,0.001636256,0.0002006164],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959338,0.00009359025,0.00003412873,0.0006436727,0.0003313026,0.0001565815,0.000008242679,0.00001154877,0.002787133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969286,0.0001138378,0.002017118,0.0001822989,0.00001830488,0.000004755328,0.00001777871,0.0000179955,0.0006992571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3440215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210628503","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.750673","title":"Factors Associated With E. coli Levels in and Salmonella Contamination of Agricultural Water Differed Between North and South Florida Waterways","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Salmonella; Fecal coliform; Water quality; Indicator bacteria; Contamination; Agriculture; Coliform bacteria; Environmental science; Veterinary medicine; Sampling (signal processing); Biology; Ecology; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Claire M. Murphy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura K. Strawn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Travis K. Chapin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel McEgan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sweeya Gopidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loretta M. Friedrich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lawrence Goodridge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel L. Weller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith R. Schneider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle D. Danyluk","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02773456841296816,"gpt":0.1978426259452988,"spread":0.1701080575323307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002845289,0.0001608057,0.0002917051,0.0000856367,0.0001027691,0.00002155463,0.0001068214,0.00005327097,0.0001163206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008330576,0.00008588597,0.00002092637,0.0001094069,0.0001429683,0.0001723368,0.000219189,0.0001643787,0.000001418249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002302899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002043309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000243617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003146272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986304,0.0002254622,0.0002806614,0.0002862366,0.0002799224,0.0002973105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997737,0.00002106822,0.00005318742,0.00008421758,0.000008863894,0.00005895202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002120288,0.00003123948,0.9766963,0.000008247082,0.00001481154,0.000002354437,0.02026923,0.0001025352,0.002609175,9.143018e-7,0.00004816795,0.0001958503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070225,0.0001087927,0.975,0.000006997138,0.00001116967,2.748612e-7,0.002077331,0.0001004301,0.02132251,0.00008200738,0.00004334806,0.000176896],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992762,0.000004931439,0.00008088043,0.0001086599,0.00009480021,0.0002888652,0.00005755663,0.00001264981,0.00007543791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992216,6.197075e-7,0.00002740808,0.00002655232,0.000005881934,0.0000225564,0.0002113197,0.000009948366,0.0004740712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01871333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3502328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382294046","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1148379","title":"Micro-flow imaging for in-situ and real-time enumeration and identification of microplastics in water","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Microplastics; Particle (ecology); Computer science; Identification (biology); Process engineering; Consistency (knowledge bases); Biological system; Nanotechnology; Enumeration; Environmental science; Sample (material); Particle size; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry; Mathematics; Chromatography; Engineering; Geology; Chemical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Nimitha Choran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Banu Örmeci","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004081550640643358,"gpt":0.1892415901114969,"spread":0.1851600394708535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003513747,0.00008089337,0.0001206102,0.0001584242,0.00003076319,0.00002313648,0.00004498222,0.0000466831,0.00001886603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000184803,0.00006285413,0.00001084109,0.00008282035,0.00007935861,0.000116252,0.00006131578,0.0000466679,0.00002763085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006483874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002585804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001082729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001142942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992131,0.00002650297,0.0002629184,0.0002081162,0.00006429384,0.000225078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998485,0.00002575637,0.00002795075,0.00006989226,0.000004526536,0.00002330848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003572163,0.00001346905,0.1007922,0.00002190455,0.00000173082,0.000002753868,0.001390827,0.0008156039,0.8943297,0.000001735449,0.001067842,0.00152655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001091231,0.00002533383,0.2298656,0.00004441257,0.00001185635,0.000004524531,0.0001397187,0.1050287,0.6611729,0.001530235,0.0008892305,0.0001963109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926519,0.00001627477,0.00671715,0.0001209419,0.000230419,0.0001904493,0.00001575067,0.000006584487,0.00005051811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951212,0.00007830283,0.004407775,0.00001082531,0.00001139731,0.00001227504,0.00008365909,0.000009218078,0.0002652789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2331568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2563117,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387937624","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1255495","title":"Study of the effect of the compaction level on the hydrodynamic properties of loamy sand soil in an agricultural context","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic conductivity; Compaction; Soil science; Loam; Soil water; Pedotransfer function; Environmental science; Soil compaction; Water content; Soil gradation; Bulk density; Context (archaeology); Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Yasmin Mbarki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silvio José Gumière","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul Célicourt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jhemson Brédy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01693791496163959,"gpt":0.1920758776072583,"spread":0.1751379626456187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001730113,0.00009771773,0.0001835576,0.00005415806,0.00002783447,0.000006375021,0.0001932186,0.00004474666,0.00000160992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001109335,0.00003134983,0.00004417891,0.0002192699,0.00005586484,0.00005266571,0.000027031,0.0001708059,0.000001480634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003684407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002599696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002003911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003525273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993275,0.0001567778,0.0001796533,0.00007513992,0.0001368777,0.0001240629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997387,0.00001896831,0.00002746556,0.0001934046,0.00001395126,0.000007502055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002889085,0.0001502101,0.3628922,0.0002077693,0.0001753147,0.000001400542,0.03506462,0.4258639,0.1704323,0.000003269956,0.00284359,0.002076556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008014878,0.0001676232,0.5374237,0.0001431339,0.00001861208,5.28922e-7,0.005491724,0.02451149,0.4313492,0.00001161891,0.000007419268,0.00007352086],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986656,0.00003940221,0.00000106009,0.00006474322,0.0006946517,0.000394777,0.000003452372,0.00001507644,0.0001212929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998283,0.000002781072,8.149871e-7,0.000004058279,0.00001304148,0.00001924096,0.000001706411,0.000008897423,0.0001212034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4013524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1278409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310037062","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.1058883","title":"Verification of PCSWMM's LID processes and their scalability over time and space","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Victoria","keywords":"Bioretention; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Hydrology (agriculture); Hydraulic conductivity; Runoff model; Watershed; Stormwater; Soil science; Soil water; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Zhonghao Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Caterina Valeo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004537375650968273,"gpt":0.1690762871267965,"spread":0.1645389114758282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001989784,0.00006455331,0.00008685217,0.00003838703,0.0000822853,0.000009574534,0.00008971688,0.00001539655,0.0005336112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007358692,0.00004859646,0.000009100321,0.0001068395,0.0001778405,0.0001583372,0.0003040474,0.00005452896,0.000008182104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009708765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002451186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001153835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001450594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994295,0.00004407208,0.00009928187,0.000201207,0.00009973609,0.0001262203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999801,0.000006635422,0.00002440633,0.0001426711,0.000002475178,0.00002283198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003843317,0.0001104838,0.9630914,0.00004268097,0.00001233398,8.121363e-7,0.004904355,0.0003913248,0.0123036,0.000008936679,0.01793945,0.001156139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007267073,0.0001425864,0.8804094,0.000009676811,0.00002470752,0.000002907862,0.0008837744,0.006065675,0.01909083,0.004325442,0.08797274,0.0003455578],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978483,0.00008897499,0.0005345927,0.0003401115,0.00007048775,0.000185352,0.00001043395,0.00001319251,0.0009085859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973929,0.00000935366,0.0009660662,0.00003439255,0.000004148484,0.00002725078,0.00001031656,0.000005816293,0.001549764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08268205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5842669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162835003","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.618418","title":"Investigating the Influence of Structure and Heterogeneity in Waste Rock Piles on Mass Loading Rates—A Reactive Transport Modeling Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Pile; Grain size; Geology; Drainage; Dissolution; Permeability (electromagnetism); Weathering; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Calcite; Gypsum; Mineralogy; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Geomorphology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Katherine E. Raymond","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Seigneur","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danyang Su","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Ulrich Mayer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009581522289176279,"gpt":0.2274051601885301,"spread":0.2178236378993538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002221384,0.00009152657,0.0001386629,0.0000426896,0.00004531853,0.000008910613,0.0000996253,0.00004599873,0.00001038788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002151838,0.00005669532,0.0000160529,0.0001201487,0.00004632191,0.0001432727,0.00004810112,0.0001613491,4.905406e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005324777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004835407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001630881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001951052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991845,0.00008753845,0.0002138277,0.0002191895,0.0001529941,0.0001419131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997829,0.00001154808,0.00003834042,0.0001352618,0.000007726411,0.00002422874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007965638,0.00002925503,0.6891656,0.000009146902,0.000005779368,0.0000111108,0.007191797,0.1136383,0.1898041,9.782914e-7,0.00001011473,0.0001258658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003843991,0.00005749697,0.08674718,0.00006037636,0.000009232302,0.000001570567,0.004364666,0.03473385,0.8712029,0.002291314,0.000006759285,0.0001402195],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987789,0.00002222881,0.00083492,0.000065028,0.000034815,0.0002074002,0.000002376249,0.000007211981,0.0000471151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983902,0.00001062935,0.001491517,0.0000625284,0.000008192268,0.00001045258,0.000004624061,0.000006621239,0.00001521708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6813989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2311968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285014963","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.801134","title":"The Impacts of Climate Change on Land Hydroclimatology of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Snowpack; Precipitation; Environmental science; Climate change; Surface runoff; Drainage basin; Water resources; Climatology; Representative Concentration Pathways; Climate model; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Snow; Geography; Ecology; Geology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Narayan Kumar Shrestha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank Seglenieks","is_ca":true},{"name":"André Guy Tranquille Temgoua","is_ca":true},{"name":"Armin Dehghan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007287333944079293,"gpt":0.1983390708930057,"spread":0.1910517369489264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000349554,0.00008211565,0.0001497269,0.00003611806,0.0002867171,0.000003179041,0.0003024354,0.00002537633,0.0003003468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006194648,0.00003906974,0.00005013098,0.00008990231,0.0003220373,0.0000433494,0.0005883932,0.0001122867,0.0000126879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003595084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.523735e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001422003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004896449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990968,0.0001678649,0.0001558288,0.0001383935,0.0001519737,0.0002891407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996874,0.00001854374,0.00005924946,0.0002199534,0.000001445889,0.00001343794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009725078,0.00003882957,0.9875942,0.00001039907,0.0000239961,0.000003980989,0.001858999,0.000331083,0.00006863422,0.00004070705,0.009479215,0.0004526485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001385307,0.0003752834,0.8363705,0.00002766459,0.00007694958,0.00000721693,0.001303715,0.0007866019,0.005579544,0.004654346,0.1491673,0.0002655727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910759,0.00008485325,0.000003442854,0.003964066,0.0006480496,0.0002198441,0.00001133888,0.000006149103,0.003986379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999115,0.0001535837,0.00002324687,0.0003897852,0.000008133547,0.00004548873,0.000004700153,0.00000591813,0.000254157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1512238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3288587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406346803","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1504492","title":"Ecosystem services linked to nature-based solutions for resilient and sustainable cities in India","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Urban Green Space and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ecosystem services; Sustainability; Environmental planning; Urbanization; Environmental resource management; Business; Natural resource; Psychological resilience; Resilience (materials science); Green infrastructure; Sustainable development; Ecosystem; Natural resource economics; Geography; Economic growth; Political science; Ecology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Nadeem Ahmad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Quamrul Hassan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00453467975092249,"gpt":0.220420820935405,"spread":0.2158861411844825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004207292,0.00008663345,0.0001445491,0.0002049651,0.0001370477,0.00003005324,0.0001246274,0.0001148158,0.00002338962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005769004,0.00006951804,0.00001877928,0.0001838722,0.00003144957,0.0001053365,0.0001375709,0.0001239704,0.000008954086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003864361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000206998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001125266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008173953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989489,0.000035859,0.0001531927,0.0002348961,0.00008225362,0.0005449516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999772,0.00001535537,0.00001543646,0.0001367051,0.000006861087,0.00005366701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008605481,0.00002970624,0.9697056,0.0002484658,0.0000038135,0.000004854792,0.001556439,0.0007562513,0.00008228367,0.0002855327,0.02708318,0.0001578348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001680286,0.0001361445,0.8270895,0.000196325,0.0000138346,3.450453e-7,0.00859855,0.007320429,0.000728806,0.005502706,0.1484322,0.0003008838],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926821,0.000279384,0.001652007,0.002969638,0.0002869978,0.000890612,0.0000104678,0.00001698123,0.001211827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904683,0.000007496323,0.00282004,0.001385491,0.00001312933,0.0001388535,0.00001159056,0.000006633604,0.005148451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1426161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4561258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361280340","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1156042","title":"Applying the core-satellite species concept: Characteristics of rare and common riverine dissolved organic matter","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Hydro-Québec; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Office of Science; Canada Research Chairs; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Battelle; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Total organic carbon; Sediment; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Satellite; Chemistry; Carbon fibers; Organic matter; Environmental science; Geology; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Paleontology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Masumi Stadler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Malcolm A. Barnard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kadir Biçe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michaela L. de Melo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dipankar Dwivedi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erika C. Freeman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vanessa Garayburu‐Caruso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Annika Linkhorst","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erick Mateus‐Barros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheng Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew J. Tanentzap","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christof Meile","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01097038539115581,"gpt":0.1818873421125885,"spread":0.1709169567214327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411084,0.00009278188,0.0002039112,0.00005642343,0.00006242504,0.00003488548,0.0001436365,0.00003427273,0.001209798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004131702,0.00005206883,0.00002332175,0.0001227346,0.00009910466,0.00007266525,0.00005007134,0.0000854203,0.0001078794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002329688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003804765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004978896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006077919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993113,0.00003353536,0.000205765,0.0001297054,0.0001085876,0.0002111437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997407,0.00002947533,0.00004282403,0.0001419782,0.00001139271,0.00003362213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002300362,0.00000256563,0.9789491,0.00003991786,0.00001074704,0.00001379545,0.0007077845,0.000008971898,0.0001499735,0.000002585417,0.002268881,0.01782266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001518508,0.0000259167,0.9469849,0.00002119862,0.000007296536,0.000004057948,0.0008360501,0.002090635,0.0004628715,0.0002574817,0.04905914,0.00009853111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966282,0.000169647,0.00003964932,0.0001946651,0.0005844204,0.00028146,0.00008071289,0.00001820632,0.002003031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965367,0.000166946,0.00005089734,0.0001064278,0.00005713346,0.000005369794,0.0002988482,0.000004097558,0.00277355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04679026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281400275","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.870453","title":"It Takes a Village: Using a Crowdsourced Approach to Investigate Organic Matter Composition in Global Rivers Through the Lens of Ecological Theory","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; Battelle; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Globe; Data science; Leverage (statistics); Computer science; Citizen science; Ecology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Mikayla Borton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah M. Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily Graham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vanessa Garayburu‐Caruso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy Goldman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michaela L. de Melo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lupita Renteria","is_ca":false},{"name":"James Stegen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01583818156438386,"gpt":0.200966573181758,"spread":0.1851283916173741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003063804,0.0001401421,0.0001917453,0.0000328323,0.000247046,0.00001136781,0.0003780226,0.00004471933,0.001037235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005721802,0.00009867574,0.0000476903,0.0002435281,0.0005683264,0.0001316398,0.0008875632,0.0001612287,0.00007827202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001018155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001894472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002029419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001596108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985842,0.000306756,0.0001974552,0.0003195373,0.0002790835,0.0003130111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997278,0.00001459231,0.00004579347,0.0001812998,0.000001471653,0.00002897417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008858857,0.0001877377,0.9288547,0.000006719796,0.00002136315,0.000009005411,0.01356214,0.03828098,0.01082723,0.00001158109,0.008125882,0.00002404712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009183938,0.0001328452,0.9696556,0.00001143009,0.00004351203,0.00001548588,0.01827402,0.000841041,0.004056952,0.0022212,0.003448079,0.0003814426],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930799,0.00001990457,0.00096622,0.001033749,0.0001476126,0.000392622,0.00002638188,0.000009147356,0.004324452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792822,0.000003336768,0.01776822,0.002802869,0.000005599041,0.00002191382,0.00001087389,0.000007190562,0.00009780082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04080087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3128439835","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.604275","title":"The Role of Basin Geometry in Mountain Snowpack Responses to Climate Change","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Global Water Futures; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Alberta Innovates; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Snowmelt; Snowpack; Structural basin; Snow; Surface runoff; Precipitation; Climate change; Elevation (ballistics); Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Geology; Climatology; Physical geography; Geography; Geomorphology; Meteorology; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"J. M. Shea","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul H. Whitfield","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xing Fang","is_ca":true},{"name":"John W. Pomeroy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01535893590544647,"gpt":0.2157444503654563,"spread":0.2003855144600099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003354406,0.00006512432,0.000133082,0.00004893486,0.0000875491,0.00002314869,0.0001143718,0.00003019938,0.0001760872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005935669,0.00003965874,0.00002698839,0.0003532702,0.00003761066,0.00006986027,0.00003269848,0.00006435722,0.00002715816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008681718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001046332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001582383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005664091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999215,0.0000729266,0.0001733001,0.0001356534,0.0001108624,0.0002922482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997098,0.00007365167,0.00001759692,0.000144203,0.00002377087,0.0000309699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000717885,0.000008006773,0.9724457,0.000004340327,0.000005079726,0.000008771363,0.001172138,0.0001177794,0.00001630598,0.00001772512,0.001085198,0.02504722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001065885,0.00002314844,0.901721,0.00001335375,0.000002241372,6.669072e-7,0.004740737,0.0006590018,0.0004651754,0.0005823288,0.09162442,0.00006133502],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931716,0.003546146,0.00002033732,0.001871141,0.000480452,0.0001173353,0.00004296368,0.000005146893,0.000744822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956567,0.000886509,0.002428085,0.0005063589,0.0000577071,0.000007228196,0.0000282855,0.000003093941,0.0004260931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09053922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3160696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225319110","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.818469","title":"Hydrogeologic and Thermal Effects of Glaciations on the Intracontinental Basins in Central and Northern Europe","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft","keywords":"Geology; Hydrogeology; Overpressure; Intraplate earthquake; Glacial period; Last Glacial Maximum; Pore water pressure; Geomorphology; Sedimentary rock; Disequilibrium; Petrology; Geophysics; Geochemistry; Paleontology; Geotechnical engineering; Tectonics","authors":[{"name":"Maximilian Frick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mauro Cacace","is_ca":false},{"name":"Volker Klemann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lev Tarasov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Magdalena Scheck‐Wenderoth","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004638921071472726,"gpt":0.1697762809374635,"spread":0.1651373598659907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002734372,0.00005635204,0.0001034403,0.0000820053,0.0001119725,0.000005281893,0.00009623298,0.0000298394,0.000174277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002750976,0.00003249826,0.0000105889,0.00008318248,0.000184039,0.00003227734,0.00003110554,0.0002324408,0.000004462047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001213768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007769392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001240032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003034597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991184,0.0003605847,0.00009422585,0.0001219368,0.00007123138,0.0002336544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997668,0.0001267129,0.00001680911,0.00006217322,0.000004352627,0.00002318033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007198654,0.00001943833,0.9975021,0.00000749412,0.000007298191,0.0000464677,0.001019626,0.0006996586,0.00001801965,0.00002356225,0.00003589052,0.000548438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002983666,0.0001178166,0.9958183,0.000002942637,0.000002815503,0.00001128994,0.0001726925,0.002835081,0.0001801727,0.0003282827,0.0001906357,0.0000416706],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971607,0.0003784285,0.000002141135,0.001244847,0.0002026611,0.0001521597,0.000009704729,0.00000335693,0.0008459816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996951,0.00003397696,0.00002674769,0.0001448666,0.000007093995,0.00000367108,0.00002083571,0.000001221066,0.0000665269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002910594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1908211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164885849","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.683146","title":"Sensitivities of Hydrological Processes to Climate Changes in a Central Asian Glacierized Basin","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Surface runoff; Glacier; Precipitation; Environmental science; Glacier mass balance; Climate change; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Drainage basin; Global warming; Streamflow; Climatology; Physical geography; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Ecology; Geomorphology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Zhihua He","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01307798557587618,"gpt":0.197598605673616,"spread":0.1845206200977398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000121464,0.00008251095,0.0002262501,0.00004110991,0.00004113169,0.00001693293,0.00006025415,0.00004108624,0.0003353773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005239521,0.00005762017,0.00002215663,0.0002817277,0.00005354033,0.00005847514,0.00002281668,0.00005938955,0.000006342402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006328741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002131803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000457287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01656503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991425,0.0000526132,0.0001517503,0.0001779791,0.0001018026,0.0003733966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998091,0.00002607643,0.00001745542,0.00007650247,0.00002672773,0.00004416791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006904288,0.00002051684,0.9915714,0.00004500574,0.000007427066,0.00006362799,0.003176396,0.0008125638,0.00008944859,0.000002302524,0.0005360757,0.003606148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002713863,0.00005782898,0.9831399,0.00003176817,0.000004701681,0.000003327576,0.004211707,0.000825565,0.002335428,0.0001663927,0.008843361,0.0001085855],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950466,0.0003538748,0.0001257144,0.003109374,0.0003870733,0.0001049555,0.00003641638,0.00001037611,0.0008256804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926881,0.0002471944,0.006298761,0.0005282781,0.00003804555,0.000003036591,0.00005986129,0.000002139336,0.000134647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01610774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9243676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390744681","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1295712","title":"Potential ecological risk from heavy metals in surface sediment of lotic systems in central region Peru","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Enrichment factor; River ecosystem; Environmental science; Aquatic ecosystem; Heavy metals; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"María Custodio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Fow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heidi De la Cruz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fernán Chanamé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier Huarcaya","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008088734136567483,"gpt":0.2011995719635424,"spread":0.1931108378269749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008658903,0.0002236114,0.0004533344,0.0001110783,0.00002333246,0.00003188118,0.0002739779,0.0001921415,0.0006560771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002027182,0.0001639772,0.00009412388,0.000192657,0.0002305769,0.00021421,0.0002346279,0.000368526,0.0001801374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001146507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009390902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003606395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001495747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971234,0.0005337714,0.0006522719,0.0006095264,0.0004361906,0.0006448256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994976,0.00004255755,0.00005192106,0.0003075256,0.000001340337,0.00009906117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008789427,0.0003753103,0.5871712,0.00003968294,0.0000367564,0.0004621594,0.001945121,0.4006712,0.006072674,0.000004768007,0.002089388,0.001043818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001141207,0.0001647311,0.8447953,0.000189795,0.00006307672,0.00001050449,0.0009427118,0.130931,0.01499726,0.001079273,0.005180418,0.0005046361],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931096,0.0012502,0.002390395,0.0002267605,0.00222239,0.0005422549,0.00001603123,0.0000224672,0.00021984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965844,0.0002992629,0.00269924,0.00002943136,0.0000403709,0.00002699781,0.00001658116,0.00002361374,0.0002800871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2697402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7183584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220655258","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.731642","title":"Assessing Groundwater Dynamics and Hydrological Processes in the Sand River Deposits of the Limpopo River, Mozambique","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Universiteit van die Vrystaat","keywords":"Groundwater recharge; Hydrology (agriculture); Surface runoff; Infiltration (HVAC); Arid; Aquifer; Groundwater; Geology; Streamflow; Perennial stream; Surface water; Current (fluid); Environmental science; Drainage basin; Geography; STREAMS; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Paulo Sérgio Lourenço Saveca","is_ca":false},{"name":"Attoumane Abi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tibor Stigter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eelco Lukas","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Fourie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007378093596705164,"gpt":0.201126172520585,"spread":0.1937480789238799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004922192,0.0001357821,0.0001879295,0.00006542724,0.0002381846,0.00007005043,0.0004704642,0.00005166362,0.00006829797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007555153,0.00006416971,0.00005164669,0.0003016052,0.0004539138,0.000313971,0.0005416226,0.0002646884,0.000002313513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001794922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005424356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008929808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005311965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.000326752,0.0002346922,0.0002890406,0.0003149388,0.0003074134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996885,0.00002230396,0.00004618569,0.0002142965,0.000004396857,0.00002430389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002318157,0.0001148023,0.9851428,0.00001582167,0.00001237024,0.0000209173,0.0105713,0.002451541,0.000552779,0.00000395762,0.0001540621,0.0009364328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001000561,0.0001523325,0.9607283,0.00002249789,0.00008760291,0.00007041704,0.003572697,0.01539942,0.007463225,0.009922187,0.001169071,0.000411715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976187,0.00005847462,0.0008043186,0.0007933501,0.0001302057,0.0001846425,0.000001862389,0.000006560558,0.0004018253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987789,0.00001537961,0.0005599034,0.0003647453,0.000008591334,0.00003753421,0.00001115794,0.000008922624,0.0002148883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02441455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2616765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216622136","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.754679","title":"Reading an Urban Palimpsest: How the Gradual Loss of an Urban Stream Impacts Urban Form's Connections and Ecosystem Functions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Urban ecosystem; Geography; Ecosystem services; Environmental resource management; Urban planning; Civil engineering; Environmental planning; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Luna Khirfan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Niloofar Mohtat","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. Daub","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008400425212680727,"gpt":0.194643048651906,"spread":0.1862426234392253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003117181,0.0001790115,0.0002550448,0.00006156078,0.0002890043,0.000133259,0.0002027708,0.00009829889,0.0001387758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009961896,0.000106828,0.00005598359,0.0001915519,0.00004597213,0.0008547191,0.00011398,0.0001295868,0.0000167392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001175752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001273943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004976737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004510786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986215,0.000159719,0.000250733,0.0003681911,0.0001955561,0.0004043215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992695,0.00002446972,0.00007641452,0.0004454074,0.00001637265,0.0001677661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002560974,0.0001137819,0.9838086,0.00005272163,0.00004758571,0.00002500119,0.006109253,0.000187584,0.001127517,0.0000221907,0.008212205,0.0002679894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004501251,0.001590641,0.7281303,0.0004639749,0.0005391929,0.0005980234,0.06901735,0.03917301,0.05487147,0.002277734,0.09677342,0.002063594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978177,0.000104076,0.0001264731,0.0004726543,0.0006782854,0.0001990375,0.00006243292,0.00003298401,0.0005063557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990362,0.00002811094,0.0001927353,0.00006895847,0.0001397244,0.00002328318,0.0001031274,0.00002046198,0.0003873807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2556782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4356321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200388636","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.782265","title":"Great Lakes Basin Heat Waves: An Analysis of Their Increasing Probability of Occurrence Under Global Warming","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Downscaling; Climatology; Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Environmental science; Global warming; Forcing (mathematics); Greenhouse gas; Heat wave; GCM transcription factors; Climate change; Climate model; Structural basin; General Circulation Model; Geology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Fengyi Xie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andre R. Erler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02138267156890156,"gpt":0.2431249155531631,"spread":0.2217422439842615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007322844,0.0001341701,0.0004167926,0.00005682303,0.00004215817,0.00001452802,0.0001922661,0.0000833051,0.000536898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004429508,0.00009873554,0.0001324961,0.0005506022,0.0003156605,0.0002664922,0.0001916173,0.0000740882,0.000001922116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002689798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001817659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00171759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001189832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984204,0.0002963982,0.0003816914,0.0004169419,0.000210286,0.0002742647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993725,0.00003814992,0.00004223229,0.0004585074,0.00002125386,0.00006735969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004929593,0.0002436495,0.9480053,0.00003426087,0.0000717412,0.000002238512,0.001648039,0.04269145,0.006292709,0.00002077355,0.00002672866,0.0009138204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006912969,0.0001069055,0.7343277,0.00008709097,0.0005248858,0.000007402843,0.003273501,0.1815709,0.05569202,0.02292697,0.0002747214,0.0005165549],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944055,0.00003108425,0.004572185,0.00009529257,0.0001199435,0.0001140476,0.0001377901,0.00001121366,0.0005129538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921625,0.00001232814,0.007665359,0.00005084466,0.000004697999,0.000004030791,0.0000852635,0.000003644922,0.00001127799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2136776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5878656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386069949","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1237592","title":"Enhancing water use efficiency in precision irrigation: data-driven approaches for addressing data gaps in time series","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Data assimilation; Extreme learning machine; Environmental science; Missing data; Irrigation; Computer science; Mean squared error; Imputation (statistics); Meteorology; Statistics; Mathematics; Machine learning; Artificial neural network; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Zeynoddin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silvio José Gumière","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hossein Bonakdari","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1217903089211559,"gpt":0.2763266889407148,"spread":0.1545363800195589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001391544,0.000130563,0.000188619,0.00008597509,0.000113464,0.000269797,0.0008049708,0.00007837998,0.00006946268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005615725,0.00004702399,0.0000196619,0.0002758749,0.00003861857,0.002053078,0.0009093418,0.0001073041,0.00006165353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003966453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003567119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001844296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005858299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983151,0.000121678,0.0003673287,0.0005666349,0.0002100137,0.0004192548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.00007034535,0.00004702306,0.0002628724,0.00001569873,0.00003089543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001926208,0.001402541,0.3444168,0.000660797,0.0001455416,0.0002293926,0.02340725,0.02104539,0.2197574,0.0001944245,0.08822876,0.2985856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00256663,0.0004008242,0.1664711,0.0007725093,0.00006824156,0.000006500431,0.006945224,0.3860435,0.09022155,0.01135509,0.3334314,0.001717454],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957633,0.00002735935,0.0002946124,0.002696899,0.0003685883,0.0006059733,0.0000865912,0.00004836067,0.0001082944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813082,0.00003369965,0.005703379,0.0001096817,0.0001497909,0.00007296621,0.0100702,0.000004447034,0.002547642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3649981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2601659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155213852","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.645675","title":"Modeling of Thermal-Hydrological-Chemical (THC) Processes During Waste Rock Weathering Under Permafrost Conditions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Weathering; Pyrite; Environmental science; Sulfide minerals; Geology; Global warming; Sulfide; Climate change; Geochemistry; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Xueying Yi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danyang Su","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Seigneur","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Ulrich Mayer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02486656871852072,"gpt":0.2192023212562086,"spread":0.1943357525376879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008514583,0.0001406067,0.0002418181,0.00007135322,0.00008872643,0.00003414236,0.0001361292,0.0001043868,0.003201578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001566732,0.0001014431,0.00005888328,0.0001389996,0.00004325538,0.0001861288,0.00003485874,0.0001513746,0.00003868112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008844398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002355614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001554151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004836129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988961,0.00004136759,0.0002731016,0.0002701137,0.0001521061,0.0003672683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996779,0.00002300245,0.00002748924,0.0001522878,0.00005026333,0.00006906845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006163024,0.00004663127,0.5810519,0.0002023296,0.00003087305,0.00007889579,0.002452767,0.3204631,0.09545418,0.000001461233,0.0001062089,0.0000500616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001722535,0.00007720724,0.06163359,0.0003456468,0.00006948474,0.0001176533,0.009369188,0.594501,0.3289892,0.002019173,0.0002306079,0.000924626],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970296,0.0008278008,0.0003093572,0.0002509292,0.0002605664,0.00007629572,0.0004288968,0.00002097973,0.0007955586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997674,0.0001918945,0.0002254809,0.0001117094,0.0001022987,0.00000321986,0.00151589,0.000007153955,0.0001683425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5194183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192439745","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.704291","title":"Re-conceptualizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to Predict Subsurface Water Flow Through Macroporous Soils","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Macropore; Soil water; Environmental science; Subsurface flow; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Surface runoff; Drainage; Leaching (pedology); Tile drainage; Water flow; Soil and Water Assessment Tool; Tillage; Streamflow; Geology; Groundwater; Drainage basin; Agronomy; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Geography","authors":[{"name":"David Poon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joann K. Whalen","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Michaud","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008992919854035311,"gpt":0.2272253370114747,"spread":0.2182324171574394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005876819,0.0002574869,0.0002911696,0.00002939508,0.0003870609,0.00008501903,0.0002675274,0.0001013155,0.001129039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007222328,0.0001212286,0.00005592626,0.0000689712,0.0003578682,0.0003202362,0.001132568,0.0002264048,0.0004158293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001356713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003381695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001616977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000230788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977632,0.0001897203,0.0003103706,0.0006027979,0.0002885019,0.0008453873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994944,0.00001372224,0.00001702876,0.0004084193,0.000009265423,0.00005713859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002009619,0.0002533062,0.5234184,0.000087629,0.0004584899,0.0006680033,0.1215746,0.0753779,0.02434247,0.00004485798,0.248288,0.005285411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002528746,0.0002507656,0.0235365,0.00005962831,0.0001971466,0.00002498406,0.01046788,0.006875404,0.4313568,0.01001948,0.513307,0.001375664],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740415,0.0001039066,0.004728351,0.01419248,0.0009926168,0.0003904497,0.000004612436,0.0000475794,0.005498498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9800547,0.0001098322,0.009324224,0.003893096,0.00005984736,0.00008987865,0.00004943894,0.00002638293,0.006392548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4998819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388047088","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1278205","title":"A network-based analysis of critical resource accessibility during floods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flood myth; Vulnerability (computing); Quarter (Canadian coin); Population; Business; Metric (unit); Computer science; Environmental resource management; Geography; Environmental economics; Computer security; Economics; Environmental health","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Preisser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paola Passalacqua","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Patrick Bixler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen D. Boyles","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009354735572042843,"gpt":0.2573439152054676,"spread":0.2479891796334248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005183211,0.00009336691,0.0002214282,0.0001972579,0.00006162535,0.00001796072,0.0002348387,0.00004553185,0.0006392688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001569793,0.00006995119,0.0000916963,0.001093905,0.0001514601,0.0001101012,0.0002777609,0.00007804191,0.00003998803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009353209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002195931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001210389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001130596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998735,0.00008395294,0.0002378994,0.0003009155,0.0002605182,0.0003817677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996062,0.00002049294,0.00002203161,0.0003009544,0.000002999056,0.00004732256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003003254,0.00004939904,0.863912,0.00002164895,0.00005377833,0.0000123378,0.0001886664,0.1252708,0.0002651957,0.000005196393,0.009850651,0.0003402869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002674502,0.00001574081,0.9168292,0.000006929622,0.0001826206,2.636703e-8,0.0001062307,0.07919469,0.001451911,0.0006236786,0.001204564,0.0001169102],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932528,0.0000120312,0.003651182,0.0004982164,0.0001977972,0.0001215688,0.000002370899,0.00004922611,0.00221479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994698,0.000002590194,0.004443591,0.00008201887,0.00001933349,0.00002024728,0.0000232327,0.000008140574,0.0007028498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05291728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6999545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3114252422","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2020.586516","title":"Agricultural Hydroinformatics: A Blueprint for an Emerging Framework to Foster Water Management-Centric Sustainability Transitions in Farming Systems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Environmental Monitoring and Data Management","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université Laval","keywords":"Agriculture; Sustainability; Sociotechnical system; Environmental resource management; Water scarcity; Business; Water resources; Environmental planning; Environmental economics; Computer science; Engineering; Environmental science; Knowledge management; Economics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Paul Célicourt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alain N. Rousseau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silvio José Gumière","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matteo Camporese","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01374234202558713,"gpt":0.2169167683676612,"spread":0.2031744263420741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002734086,0.0001506917,0.0001824769,0.0001395598,0.0000951172,0.0001203574,0.0002341106,0.00005024332,0.00004086069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006964573,0.00009579696,0.00004282508,0.0001302558,0.00002009859,0.0004908468,0.00005165721,0.0001234981,0.00005201351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005774564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001916309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001106523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000417567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986205,0.00005131945,0.0003296302,0.0003129579,0.000166315,0.0005192994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996406,0.000007900834,0.00001790871,0.0001824218,0.000007597313,0.0001436125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002719939,0.0001190859,0.4433578,0.001277272,0.00007412882,0.00006112682,0.05024195,0.4737374,0.00005518347,0.00005101592,0.001790043,0.02896298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003393134,0.0009442423,0.3441593,0.0004171669,0.0001502639,0.000007632538,0.2458864,0.3443883,0.002062445,0.004569269,0.05203589,0.001985929],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9525328,0.00004639427,0.04151902,0.002909798,0.0008383642,0.001534876,0.00004207067,0.00004347316,0.0005332517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888268,0.000006382023,0.01029065,0.0003768686,0.00008404095,0.00004238409,0.0003105766,0.000004898031,0.00005738334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1956445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3906487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280545639","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.883282","title":"Wastewater Treatment Works: A Last Line of Defense for Preventing Antibiotic Resistance Entry Into the Environment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Water Research Commission; National Research Foundation; Universiteit Stellenbosch; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa","keywords":"Effluent; Antibiotics; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antimicrobial; Amoxicillin; Antibiotic resistance; Microbiology; Sulfamethoxazole; Biology; Bacteria; Wastewater; 16S ribosomal RNA; Sewage treatment; Trimethoprim; Environmental engineering; Genetics; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Keira Tucker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wendy Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marelize Botes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward J. Feil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gideon Wolfaardt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01355091719103315,"gpt":0.2353484144132543,"spread":0.2217974972222212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003681009,0.0001923065,0.0002301783,0.00003721251,0.0002409252,0.00001734222,0.000277347,0.00003679546,0.000697956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006825847,0.0001142833,0.0001192604,0.0000831836,0.0002724335,0.0001157049,0.0004163555,0.0001354663,0.0000355362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005015287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003757561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004635622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000247874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984127,0.0001298084,0.0003310881,0.0003604098,0.0002877373,0.0004782994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995205,0.00003524907,0.00007377807,0.0002892236,8.554403e-7,0.0000803829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001562528,0.004183709,0.5137484,0.0002272732,0.0003261032,0.0001003628,0.02215691,0.06133348,0.3350016,0.00003899429,0.01583655,0.04548407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004252358,0.0008320099,0.01234278,0.0001261389,0.0001823206,0.000008222179,0.003772767,0.004674169,0.7612736,0.002840351,0.2089763,0.0007189261],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960417,0.0004705603,0.0005010356,0.001356737,0.0002926177,0.0006860833,0.00001558352,0.00001130624,0.0006243454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990139,0.0001550023,0.005005419,0.0002355167,0.00002540977,0.00004357225,0.00002571679,0.00002348078,0.004346889],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5014056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7642129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407261452","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2025.1540703","title":"Assessment of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability using GIS-based DRASTIC method in district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"","keywords":"Khyber pakhtunkhwa; Vulnerability (computing); Groundwater; Environmental science; Aquifer; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resource management; Hydrogeology; Geographic information system; Geography; Cartography; Geology; Socioeconomics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Atif Muneer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mumtaz Ali Khan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fayaz Ullah Shinwari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ijaz Ahmed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Syed Mamoon Siyar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fahad Alshehri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Shahab","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01128332468795159,"gpt":0.2861182817535219,"spread":0.2748349570655704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001144623,0.0002356776,0.0004759231,0.0003034784,0.00006748129,0.00007439181,0.0002958875,0.0001534555,0.00065907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002937252,0.0001691385,0.00009764298,0.000400272,0.000102904,0.0001838055,0.00003785407,0.0003499299,0.000005879211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001529236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000111503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007157227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001205124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977438,0.0003122656,0.0006220597,0.0004752669,0.000272435,0.0005742062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993328,0.0001153812,0.00006947109,0.0003627481,0.00004786127,0.00007174957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005128629,0.00008870257,0.9851509,0.0001634996,0.00002468939,0.00002114383,0.0001156986,0.006594501,0.0006603277,0.000004672325,0.0002161688,0.00690842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001079322,0.00004343743,0.9270825,0.00008850779,0.00003613,0.000001956434,0.0002081413,0.05471183,0.01283296,0.002041752,0.001590485,0.000282996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.926388,0.0001184949,0.06967594,0.0001236621,0.000904888,0.0002658213,0.00002821394,0.00001793463,0.002477008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718602,0.000003721277,0.02736148,0.0001115737,0.00002821238,0.000005642378,0.0001451565,0.000005155299,0.000478825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05806841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220870948","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.834080","title":"Assessing the Impact of Water Insecurity on Maternal Mental Health at Six Nations of the Grand River","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Assembly of First Nations; McMaster University","funders":"Global Water Futures; Department of Anthropology, McMaster University; McMaster University","keywords":"Indigenous; Mental health; Colonialism; Economic growth; Intersectionality; Sociology; Socioeconomics; Political science; Gender studies; Psychology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Afroza Sultana","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julie M. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dawn Martin‐Hill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lori Davis-Hill","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janet Homer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01338200010100784,"gpt":0.3197232277702104,"spread":0.3063412276692026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001076674,0.00006516427,0.0001239284,0.00009502434,0.005221051,0.00002128451,0.0002608115,0.0000300642,0.0002290333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001333085,0.00002623493,0.00008194077,0.0001167969,0.0002918396,0.0001136813,0.00001190571,0.0001430386,0.000002334529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008332098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001060782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09399448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07075728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983498,0.0006603861,0.0002204922,0.0001052118,0.0003518857,0.0003121799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996842,0.00001954148,0.00008893241,0.0001386623,0.00003210795,0.00003661041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002887708,0.0001466347,0.1089358,0.0000151778,0.00002038659,2.452602e-7,0.8872067,0.0001090933,0.00002933215,0.0007992508,0.002626142,0.00008244959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001779992,0.0004607924,0.3784658,0.0001077634,0.00002823235,0.000007928858,0.04600345,0.000140916,0.02107031,0.01599163,0.535513,0.0004302198],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914269,0.00005094727,0.00000534773,0.001544381,0.001689725,0.0004204443,0.00002785842,0.000004701444,0.004829658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972789,0.0001299118,0.00004607115,0.00005403105,0.00006628485,0.000004148941,0.00001642526,0.000005864603,0.002398353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8412032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394817394","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1363116","title":"Innovative solutions for global water quality challenges: insights from a collaborative hackathon event","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Event (particle physics); Water quality; Computer science; Quality (philosophy); Environmental science; Environmental planning; Physics","authors":[{"name":"I. V. Chernov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melchior Elsler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Maillart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caterina Cacciatori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tavazzi Simona","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernd Manfred Gawlik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuliya Vystavna","is_ca":false},{"name":"Afroditi Anastasaki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carolyn DuBois","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart Warner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Merrie Beth Neely","is_ca":false},{"name":"Windi Muziasari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kilian Christ","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tommaso Abrate","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anham Salyani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy Sullivan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0197264704931588,"gpt":0.2604469156041044,"spread":0.2407204451109456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001568968,0.0001509482,0.0001818871,0.000100759,0.00003763469,0.00003661999,0.00008941608,0.0001413908,0.0000186198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001258936,0.00009710578,0.00003823312,0.0002363622,0.00004008258,0.0001513059,0.00002883675,0.0001324765,0.00003493504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003227005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002174593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001880927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002761303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990425,0.00002647563,0.0002497201,0.0002295851,0.0001086662,0.000343057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997361,0.00001980001,0.000005264906,0.0001273878,0.00005706989,0.00005435008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002976896,0.0007228943,0.0006476678,0.006894414,0.002478831,0.00006671961,0.2651521,0.02423968,0.06238127,0.03416835,0.4148679,0.1880825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001072223,0.0001018908,0.004088035,0.0004580047,0.00004343634,0.000001645935,0.00460207,0.08361836,0.03616999,0.09738549,0.771546,0.0009128267],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3142361,0.02819621,0.6252294,0.005371911,0.02293947,0.0009113021,0.0003952607,0.0009365969,0.001783725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935758,0.000245513,0.005044683,0.00003521504,0.0003393005,0.0002322577,0.0003351986,0.00002488862,0.0001671705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6793397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3959859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401977862","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1432280","title":"Advancing non-optical water quality monitoring in Lake Tana, Ethiopia: insights from machine learning and remote sensing techniques","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre; Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Remote sensing; Water quality; Environmental science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Elias S. Leggesse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fasikaw A. Zimale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dagnenet Sultan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Temesgen Enku","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seifu A. Tilahun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007351064612827416,"gpt":0.2286165347983898,"spread":0.2212654701855624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005232344,0.0001491619,0.0002372872,0.00008464873,0.00009545824,0.00006215038,0.00007973111,0.0001425831,0.00006866323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001757789,0.00009588114,0.00003282284,0.00007687635,0.0000792464,0.0002481197,0.0002752983,0.0004389625,0.00005729902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002249227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002693115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003823728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003189698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987066,0.000109472,0.0002687269,0.000398271,0.0001904826,0.0003264607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997713,0.00003251413,0.00001734566,0.0001114445,0.000003394324,0.00006399097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005154864,0.00002048001,0.7865387,0.0001011942,0.00002702513,0.0005262984,0.01120262,0.00009819645,0.1286963,0.000001980548,0.0003083817,0.07242733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001069634,0.000155405,0.09048571,0.001402868,0.00006231883,0.00002663474,0.003406215,0.1421308,0.6830994,0.00691708,0.06978609,0.001457809],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859812,0.0001564494,0.01222426,0.0002961809,0.0004960982,0.0001410069,0.0000035184,0.00006144407,0.0006398589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9401326,0.00005552919,0.05945294,0.0000213417,0.00006711813,5.353389e-7,0.00001389802,0.00001139165,0.0002446195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.696053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5780358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396560268","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1379284","title":"Machine-learning based approach to examine ecological processes influencing the diversity of riverine dissolved organic matter composition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment; Dissolved organic carbon; Composition (language); Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Environmental science; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Earth science; Chemistry; Geology; Mass spectrometry; Biology; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Moritz Müller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juliana D’Andrilli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victoria Silverman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raven L. Bier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Malcolm A. Barnard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miko Chang May Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florina Stephanie Richard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew J. Tanentzap","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianjun Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michaela L. de Melo","is_ca":true},{"name":"YueHan Lu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006443737217865885,"gpt":0.1870876871720844,"spread":0.1806439499542185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003029942,0.0001070415,0.0001724839,0.00008094974,0.0001364092,0.00002247957,0.0002983226,0.00005587854,0.001695652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002121618,0.00006239743,0.00003745023,0.0003271306,0.0001358317,0.0001230977,0.0006017197,0.0001802535,0.0001803707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001937877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004883728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001100847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005783407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990397,0.0001170172,0.0001742144,0.000276998,0.0001621932,0.0002298625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997582,0.00003828815,0.00002528202,0.000137605,0.00000813617,0.00003242772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002639603,0.00009626419,0.9516453,0.00005169153,0.00002417853,0.00001025062,0.002133207,0.03707721,0.007455343,0.000001380685,0.001328985,0.0001497777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004687661,0.0001811379,0.8548886,0.00003947733,0.0001219333,0.000007978405,0.0005779152,0.1134545,0.02594571,0.0003248489,0.003609956,0.0003791727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772779,0.0000248677,0.02046618,0.0003791934,0.0001196331,0.0002035892,0.000002168527,0.00002672734,0.001499787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955771,0.000003805501,0.003664496,0.0003708696,0.00001280248,0.00001651579,0.00002283917,0.000009273228,0.0003222967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09675675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195139074","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.710853","title":"Changes in Bacterial Communities During Treatment of Municipal Wastewater in Arctic Wastewater Stabilization Ponds","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Indigenous Studies and Ecology","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Dalhousie University; Canadian Water Network; Government of Nunavut","keywords":"Wastewater; Environmental science; Arctic; Sewage treatment; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Water resource management; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Yannan Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Colin M. Ragush","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lindsay H. Johnston","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Hall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert G. Beiko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rob Jamieson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03620002128119593,"gpt":0.307977119613864,"spread":0.2717770983326681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003733785,0.0001643771,0.0004958609,0.0003079581,0.0002645165,0.000005917518,0.00009663831,0.0001775944,0.0007298879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000128886,0.0001189236,0.00003651954,0.000117014,0.00005964745,0.00008546173,0.0002186286,0.0002180907,0.0000136022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008254983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006533731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007545282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3891207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997572,0.000785663,0.0005148565,0.0001735249,0.00008196627,0.0008720013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995194,0.00004896627,0.00006168652,0.0002779842,0.00006388706,0.00002804328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002629734,0.0002349935,0.531049,0.0002578517,0.00002625698,0.00003939916,0.4628499,0.0001492499,0.005069066,0.000008450352,0.00002490215,0.00002795987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009767172,0.0006611582,0.1630418,0.0006033674,0.00003501421,0.000006096709,0.7693297,0.0003017995,0.04835732,0.0004514114,0.00694848,0.0004967556],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964828,0.0001369575,0.00000116654,0.0008953532,0.001500183,0.0005276518,0.00001327362,0.00001009853,0.0004324679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972476,0.0005673698,0.0002638796,0.00006667042,0.00007739871,0.0002128382,0.0001884184,0.00002519836,0.001350588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3815754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214888070","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2022.782910","title":"The Contribution of Lake-Effect Snow to Annual Snowfall Totals in the Vicinity of Lakes Erie, Michigan, and Ontario","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snow; Environmental science; Climatology; Winter season; Shore; Physical geography; Period (music); Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Geology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Erin A. Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carrie E. Lang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil F. Laird","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004693377435884259,"gpt":0.199661866010688,"spread":0.1949684885748037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001685488,0.0000772794,0.0001676335,0.00002812108,0.0001089242,0.000008825207,0.0002139456,0.00002999889,0.0001916537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005050748,0.00004227344,0.00003031373,0.0001081815,0.0001577377,0.00007488014,0.0002448219,0.000152032,0.0000020328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009640412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007762535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003957087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2736061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989351,0.0002823021,0.000223817,0.0001589728,0.0001976595,0.0002021554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996295,0.0001129987,0.00003731388,0.0001924938,0.000005432641,0.00002227774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004024055,0.00013971,0.9503019,0.000009347724,0.00001092963,0.000003314026,0.03742162,0.004794422,0.003869676,0.0000686463,0.002180296,0.0007977714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001609684,0.0008821333,0.8563909,0.00002522359,0.00003120616,0.000007523925,0.004947324,0.001112696,0.01153007,0.005207465,0.1179923,0.0002635371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981035,0.00001877981,0.00009548094,0.0006496151,0.0001804168,0.0004579204,0.00006499973,0.000002878963,0.0004264363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995292,0.000005285434,0.00009277881,0.0001321628,0.00000454314,0.00005214899,0.00001893328,0.000003374485,0.0001615674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.269649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7396487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}