{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"b5ae314cd609","filters":{"venue":"Functions of Language"}},"results":[{"id":"W2044365663","doi":"10.1075/fol.10.2.02tab","title":"Rhetorical and thematic patterns in scheduling dialogues","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Rhetorical question; Dialogic; Linguistics; Computer science; Thematic map; Conversation; Thematic structure; Theme (computing); Thematic analysis; Systemic functional linguistics; Sociology; Qualitative research; Philosophy; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06045690164233538,"gpt":0.2825112195117604,"spread":0.222054317869425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001507684,0.00007642819,0.0001327904,0.0001037738,0.00008812627,0.00005524987,0.00008609295,0.00002440804,0.001060321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001088973,0.00006170564,0.00003121165,0.00004278643,0.0001060757,0.0001482382,0.0000244987,0.00009938842,0.00002395709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001281943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001783652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004136396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001906565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994566,0.00007376021,0.000184841,0.00009493082,0.00008357609,0.0001062285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994913,0.0001315232,0.00005844866,0.0002635965,0.0000308421,0.00002426188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009731856,0.0002800013,0.01164655,0.0001347235,0.00005275088,0.00001006156,0.2036472,0.00003680131,0.0004646945,0.7814648,0.0003028522,0.001949827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001103026,0.0001274852,0.005322761,0.0002731819,0.00007712544,0.00001867373,0.9782338,0.0001322226,0.0006754053,0.005413661,0.00818287,0.0004397728],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9191863,0.001242935,0.0002423329,0.00009588672,0.0001540479,0.00008992585,0.00002286595,0.00003830014,0.07892738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997874,0.00002471703,0.0003187202,0.00003111843,0.00006328376,0.00001815907,0.00001715858,0.000009272126,0.001643557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7760511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023590056","doi":"10.1075/fol.9.1.02ben","title":"Confrontation and support in bonobo-human discourse","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Conversation; Interpersonal communication; Grammar; Linguistics; Conversation analysis; Bonobo; Psychology; Discourse analysis; Negotiation; Syntax; Pragmatics; Relation (database); Sociology; Social psychology; Communication; Computer science; Philosophy; Anthropology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01951170142795667,"gpt":0.3129742202257706,"spread":0.293462518797814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001176203,0.00003838398,0.00006375376,0.00004883517,0.0001284704,0.00001403301,0.00003985271,0.00003839883,0.002642696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004418851,0.00003341046,0.00001982018,0.0001199261,0.0001062437,0.0001961973,0.000008313099,0.00004603105,0.00003437476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002866964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000871681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004258807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01135015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995765,0.00004008107,0.00009839206,0.00008131901,0.0001017992,0.0001018755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998285,0.00001419488,0.00003719478,0.00006523869,0.00002149755,0.00003340696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002534611,0.0004839866,0.05996541,0.00005243444,0.00004234646,0.00006315862,0.7496747,0.00002428351,0.02258987,0.04133003,0.03906622,0.08668216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002061174,0.0003224216,0.1746534,0.00006915636,0.00009412472,0.0000116854,0.7728648,0.0001659517,0.0006907434,0.0007008109,0.04784005,0.0005256449],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8999089,0.0003935701,0.00003808361,0.000471572,0.00008703425,0.0001008774,0.000008304825,0.00002756711,0.09896409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767522,0.00002259376,0.00004521408,0.00003879371,0.00008127058,0.000006581941,0.00001905851,0.000002612485,0.02303174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.114688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2715194230","doi":"10.1075/fol.00029.god","title":"The semantics of evaluational adjectives","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Subjectivity; Computer science; Identification (biology); Semantics (computer science); Relevance (law); Linguistics; Natural language processing; Sentiment analysis; Affect (linguistics); Semantic analysis (machine learning); Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01759149230087086,"gpt":0.3082834724985969,"spread":0.290691980197726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002815924,0.00006016681,0.0001024334,0.00005309724,0.00005114605,0.000005103261,0.0001002657,0.00004668386,0.007055551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009255169,0.00004166222,0.00008146297,0.0001671633,0.00006732751,0.00003943976,0.00002197664,0.00007390154,0.0006024517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008669648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002214401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001343087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000508525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993298,0.00009714192,0.0001753277,0.0001124208,0.0001844489,0.0001008825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991933,0.0002502964,0.0001157636,0.0003173097,0.0001072345,0.00001609518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001843839,0.002523831,0.1235239,0.0002812489,0.002851714,0.00002286408,0.1182068,0.0003594357,0.1568459,0.2252373,0.08575296,0.2825502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003951575,0.001110047,0.7391137,0.00009260578,0.0005926349,0.00005879082,0.2155693,0.000353347,0.01396236,0.006056531,0.01862779,0.000511254],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8998388,0.0009086453,0.0006595526,0.00008420702,0.0008344627,0.0001846138,0.00004299013,0.00001919888,0.09742752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820646,0.00000514099,0.0001103538,0.0000380569,0.00008448489,0.00001766915,0.00003113773,0.000008607023,0.01763996],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6155899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9938521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041222320","doi":"10.1075/fol.16.2.03mun","title":"Knowledge moves in conversational exchanges","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Communication source; Conversation; Interpersonal communication; Interpretation (philosophy); Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Computer science; Sociology; Linguistics; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04253484094454991,"gpt":0.2950551137612401,"spread":0.2525202728166902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001120106,0.00008519236,0.0001232145,0.0001891811,0.0000876342,0.00004475298,0.0001656757,0.00002845778,0.003967266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000356481,0.00007552944,0.0000490265,0.00007282272,0.0001408121,0.0002296066,0.00002266039,0.00009269587,0.0001289594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002367741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004114454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002828061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002617313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994519,0.00004556382,0.0001834871,0.0001051826,0.00009773915,0.0001161285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994516,0.00008389241,0.00006798566,0.0002953964,0.00007731516,0.00002383853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003119083,0.0004950411,0.0005153784,0.00003191085,0.00003600322,0.000005745459,0.2812626,0.00002844796,0.001129103,0.6925748,0.01374032,0.01014951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002004711,0.000359855,0.03934356,0.0001787976,0.00007200459,0.000008871582,0.7306212,0.0002289186,0.001366391,0.009908697,0.2152519,0.0006550877],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3715482,0.003251292,0.00004628925,0.001117415,0.0002892201,0.0001416697,0.00007789375,0.00009736619,0.6234307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983222,0.00001749474,0.0001004403,0.0001195137,0.0002130054,0.000012298,0.00007770008,0.00000646644,0.0162311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6826661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036865361","doi":"10.1075/fol.13.1.06bec","title":"Review of Dixon &amp; Aikhenvald (2004): Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Adjective; Typology; Linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Anthropology; Noun","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02186906819645041,"gpt":0.3565209184733491,"spread":0.3346518502768987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005263984,0.0000810087,0.0002468645,0.0001002279,0.0001491223,0.000007859147,0.0001463674,0.0001020536,0.002447748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00563099,0.00007802568,0.00009968094,0.0003329755,0.0003475198,0.00003035636,0.00002738743,0.00009898651,0.00009238753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006087316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002367859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0129997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004903696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989352,0.0001772254,0.0003575053,0.0001697289,0.0001680397,0.0001922524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987035,0.0002896592,0.0002478922,0.0002460206,0.0004700149,0.00004296269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001594876,0.001169368,0.04603396,0.003100034,0.0002293754,0.00004337092,0.02864939,0.00008859821,0.002384809,0.7566686,0.1592992,0.002173793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007519756,0.0001394942,0.01474733,0.0007700257,0.0002138466,0.00001073865,0.003909672,0.000005293578,0.0001694184,0.003632983,0.9753785,0.0002707167],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04959977,0.02991393,0.007419815,0.001048985,0.00407228,0.0007994563,0.0002952017,0.0002037263,0.9066468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851913,0.0004944954,0.001288424,0.0005394209,0.000761586,0.00002275813,0.0001090557,0.00001191533,0.01158103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899473314","doi":"10.1075/fol.00011.nic","title":"Daniel Van Olmen, Hubert Cuyckens &amp; Lobke Ghesquière (eds.)<i>Aspects of grammaticalization: (Inter)Subjectification and directionality</i>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Subjectification; Grammaticalization; Directionality; Philosophy; Linguistics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02285614546843298,"gpt":0.2510678209962133,"spread":0.2282116755277803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002448216,0.0001386385,0.000220624,0.0001664962,0.0002386895,0.00006228287,0.0001009158,0.00006039646,0.002004776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006888069,0.000133898,0.00006564806,0.000115053,0.0003749713,0.0001379408,0.00004206383,0.0000752571,0.0000860152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003220651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003677707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001657135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006405903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988748,0.00006384582,0.0004510114,0.0002390482,0.0002267207,0.0001445925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985526,0.0001640257,0.000264201,0.0003786358,0.0005897272,0.00005087035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007093033,0.0003958202,0.002380913,0.0002599001,0.0002082585,0.000001465844,0.0837778,0.000007660639,0.004415647,0.9009159,0.00465915,0.002906584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003248297,0.00143845,0.01799252,0.0009351557,0.001555677,0.00009583456,0.0733153,0.002453643,0.03367691,0.3052938,0.5580984,0.001896051],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5912151,0.0005285027,0.05083917,0.006418979,0.006463423,0.001034155,0.0006566028,0.0005052596,0.3423388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892168,0.000007303786,0.0007762428,0.00006330451,0.001294047,0.0000141863,0.0002105326,0.00002272665,0.008394835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5956221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404286138","doi":"10.1075/fol.00063.wan","title":"Review of Matthiessen (2023): System in Systemic Functional Linguistics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Island University","funders":"","keywords":"Systemic functional linguistics; Linguistics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02089752857026302,"gpt":0.2705347256086268,"spread":0.2496371970383638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003622655,0.0001228371,0.0003767332,0.0003041803,0.00005896623,0.0000292205,0.0001083022,0.00002896617,0.002573853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000309217,0.00009893189,0.0001673744,0.0002084288,0.0001568946,0.00005518795,0.00004655007,0.0001200802,0.0001642873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005749439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000574517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006745156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005723417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988969,0.00004865518,0.000526932,0.0001754712,0.0002237654,0.0001282568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991786,0.0001457749,0.0001191301,0.0002822016,0.0002539442,0.0000203373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002108201,0.0001544214,0.0002276638,0.09619308,0.0009053595,0.0001212082,0.02209806,0.000119438,0.0002278087,0.6749749,0.2030771,0.001879832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004642222,0.0001607052,0.0001559973,0.1361501,0.001937608,0.00006571122,0.2747407,0.0006890732,0.0001492844,0.0001709027,0.5846614,0.0006543035],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004976632,0.5523097,0.0002115968,0.0001084088,0.003993864,0.0002948648,0.0004741702,0.0001684912,0.4374623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837815,0.001457473,0.00003901194,0.00007084134,0.001025404,0.00004143588,0.00009374311,0.00002054012,0.0134701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9788048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}