{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"139a093ac6a2","filters":{"venue":"Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W100749789","doi":"","title":"Seeking a Regulatory Chill in Canada: The Dow Agrosciences NAFTA Chapter 11 Challenge to the Quebec Pesticides Management Code","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal","topic":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pesticide; Code (set theory); Environmental planning; Environmental protection; Political science; Business; Engineering; Environmental science; Ecology; Computer science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Kathleen Cooper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kyra Bell-Pasht","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ramani Nadarajah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theresa McClenaghan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006504731875759722,"gpt":0.1373258901372349,"spread":0.1308211582614751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002537081,0.0001235247,0.0001077185,0.00000970901,0.0008777928,0.0000684077,0.0005965218,0.0000271473,0.0002078323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001690741,0.00004159314,0.00005820568,0.0000656085,0.0001214136,0.0001461703,0.0002288259,0.0001504105,0.00002278646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004892075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008866711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.675738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9931157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991123,0.00007944402,0.0001320311,0.0001927299,0.0001916354,0.000291825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996447,0.00005261479,0.00009736002,0.00006449151,0.000003458605,0.00013735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002624571,0.000495925,0.1691492,0.00002659712,0.0003077125,0.0005662079,0.006688941,0.02028143,0.02319403,0.4448647,0.006067314,0.3280954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001109788,0.00004468421,0.6681132,0.00001581977,0.00001192976,0.00003279031,0.004706631,0.0001923803,0.00003429932,0.0001146155,0.3264769,0.0001457075],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807822,0.00003389829,0.000002227155,0.01355267,0.0001048417,0.0001425805,0.00002773396,0.000004120402,0.005349765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976958,0.0001595967,0.00001066084,0.0009844019,0.0001536358,5.055964e-7,0.000004000153,7.869234e-7,0.0009906308],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.498964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6751361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125712405","doi":"","title":"Fixing the CEC Submissions Procedure: Are the 2012 Revisions Up to the Task?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal","topic":"International Environmental Law and Policies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Embarrassment; Nothing; Scope (computer science); Limiting; Commission; Task (project management); Political science; Process (computing); Task force; Business; Law and economics; Law; Public administration; Economics; Computer science; Engineering; Psychology; Management","authors":[{"name":"John H. Knox","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006038660257412159,"gpt":0.1774766246361698,"spread":0.1714379643787576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000333141,0.0002451601,0.0001376,0.00002057844,0.003611288,0.000179015,0.001359723,0.00006960641,0.01265102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001505323,0.0001284052,0.0001860946,0.0001393039,0.00078716,0.000666421,0.0009481607,0.0005859344,0.005935443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005628791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007683586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001235577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005593179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980956,0.0002176902,0.0002272313,0.00027673,0.0006993735,0.0004834151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989451,0.0001246795,0.0002004788,0.0004335136,0.000004294498,0.0002919872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001788904,0.0005771337,0.0451039,0.00001388109,0.000395968,0.000149528,0.01184599,0.02767945,0.02595092,0.0258331,0.8537093,0.008561959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002350228,0.00004720667,0.0875021,0.00002756623,0.00005109022,0.0002508371,0.005746752,0.0001389709,0.0002891641,0.0002457121,0.9052489,0.0002167058],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8399406,0.0002756033,0.0001771602,0.06985325,0.0007969282,0.001405985,0.0001515968,0.00004397198,0.08735491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9570016,0.0002397676,0.00006376344,0.003561626,0.0001859703,0.000005793679,0.000008065542,0.00002077944,0.03891262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.117061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1572312099","doi":"","title":"Endless Exemptions: An Environmental Justice Critique of the Ongoing Use of Methyl Bromide","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal","topic":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental justice; Bromide; Political science; Environmental planning; Law; Environmental ethics; Environmental science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Laura Kent-Monning","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0266353176770829,"gpt":0.2704576381486158,"spread":0.2438223204715329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009293774,0.0001678629,0.000235135,0.00008856555,0.001726281,0.0000376575,0.0005232326,0.0001583673,0.0005931831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002410593,0.0001672157,0.0001816481,0.00009124216,0.001829369,0.001477603,0.0002001285,0.0004194922,0.00001363267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007341257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000462996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002884154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006023054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977621,0.0004574939,0.0004003213,0.0002187083,0.0006899739,0.0004713997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987538,0.0002669723,0.0003920511,0.0002552612,0.000007276285,0.000324648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001482212,0.005723273,0.3223801,0.0008125815,0.0005767762,0.0005673466,0.09059132,0.003310928,0.2796454,0.2832144,0.0006269587,0.01106874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001959891,0.0003826013,0.44638,0.0004430598,0.001078509,0.0001141793,0.4569969,0.00003914905,0.01817221,0.0005931508,0.07310199,0.0007384283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945517,0.0002678384,0.0003444494,0.0001918969,0.0002645492,0.0002313527,0.0001394965,0.00001159471,0.003997147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993511,0.003921882,0.001215723,0.0002843523,0.000125267,2.548947e-7,0.000009071743,0.00001622571,0.0009162063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3664055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W26627860","doi":"10.3168/jds.2015-10039","title":"Understanding Canada's Responses to Citizen Submissions Under the NAAEC","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Citizen science; Environmental planning; Political science; Environmental protection; Public administration; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Chris Tollefson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Ho","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03195616741658058,"gpt":0.2152104831595327,"spread":0.1832543157429521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004570864,0.00007846089,0.0000681176,0.00004550484,0.002901977,0.00008578087,0.0003803135,0.0000359343,0.0009239666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000194571,0.00006693573,0.00004551544,0.00007320209,0.0002112663,0.0001554477,0.00009725019,0.0001681486,0.00004179764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002076221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001736661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0893748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4988509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987537,0.0002580705,0.00008840027,0.0001115615,0.0005346107,0.0002536682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994781,0.0001525037,0.0000592802,0.0000672404,0.000009103828,0.0002337866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001072357,0.00002993064,0.00551894,9.321395e-7,0.00007018248,0.00008100553,0.003000084,0.0003017973,0.0004300396,0.972032,0.01816665,0.0002612592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003773613,0.00003202216,0.02996564,0.00002693731,0.00002251975,0.00002383718,0.04728026,0.00002242213,0.00009096585,0.005611278,0.91633,0.0002168061],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5483056,0.00001502165,0.002889666,0.05509602,0.0008883074,0.000207274,0.00003915009,0.00002991173,0.3925291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805334,0.00003848888,0.0001084682,0.001104077,0.0001303651,1.054174e-7,0.000002883557,0.000005399409,0.01807681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9664207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}