{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":21,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":21,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"000e9988e3f0","filters":{"venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2624253502","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9","title":"Conversion of Lignin into Bio-Based Chemicals and Materials","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Bioproducts; Lignin; Biochemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Waste management; Biofuel","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002982985689023707,"gpt":0.1849875384006463,"spread":0.1820045527116226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001155247,0.0009165945,0.0004970353,0.0008686421,0.0002918903,0.001088495,0.0006979117,0.000504079,0.01529024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001398793,0.0003573511,0.0003775544,0.001387406,0.0003920483,0.001667275,0.0008178136,0.001460226,0.01623059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005260134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004807736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005528616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001457402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998678,0.000005707665,0.000004527544,0.00001893697,0.00009158245,0.00001148599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999747,0.000006871213,0.000002785551,0.000004227225,0.000007507394,0.000003898129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004682414,0.000138544,0.0000614769,0.001700731,0.00002704118,0.0002378053,0.000108717,0.001501786,0.1020232,0.05181272,0.1233536,0.7189875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004463983,0.00002628991,0.0001049591,0.0001116921,0.0000059479,0.0002187169,0.00001522413,0.0003746238,0.02520949,0.009002341,0.9649164,0.000009933206],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.006935851,0.2843754,0.0563235,0.002007792,0.008418203,0.0001487637,0.0006925877,0.0008256124,0.6402724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01348766,0.1206625,0.01073007,0.0006688697,0.0008106062,0.00008840762,0.0006732882,0.0002550654,0.8526236],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01529024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05115092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2623199606","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_5","title":"Utilization of Lignosulfonate as Dispersants or Surfactants","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Dispersant; Lignosulfonates; Lignin; Coal water; Sulfonate; Chemical engineering; Pulmonary surfactant; Materials science; Sulfite; Slurry; Polymer; Dispersion (optics); Colloid; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01260374417677961,"gpt":0.226739128516985,"spread":0.2141353843402053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008084003,0.000517041,0.0001798677,0.0003443279,0.0001105522,0.000572129,0.0002831622,0.0002977878,0.001739324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000684792,0.0001524393,0.0002945322,0.0004717759,0.0001630736,0.000865953,0.0003376426,0.0005228377,0.001440957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003224654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002006492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003993458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00103633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999464,0.000005886658,0.000003548171,0.00001430055,0.00002093438,0.000008869755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999807,0.000005898813,0.0000037064,0.000002687086,0.000004823161,0.000002268466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006611698,0.00009925146,0.0001411178,0.0009383546,0.00001857845,0.0003923439,0.0001707253,0.0009179097,0.7702802,0.02509538,0.002801893,0.1990781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004353139,0.0001928007,0.0003096024,0.0001091703,0.00002581614,0.0005290128,0.00005556093,0.00111429,0.7261179,0.003515124,0.2680111,0.00001536005],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2810286,0.3245685,0.0738182,0.001298334,0.001360872,0.0001005918,0.000534719,0.0006846312,0.3166055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3965047,0.2346259,0.02886708,0.0005646271,0.0002807894,0.00007037008,0.0008624854,0.0002097807,0.3380144],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001739324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005818605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621574188","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_6","title":"Lignin-Based Phenol–Formaldehyde (LPF) Resins/Adhesives","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Phenol; Formaldehyde; Depolymerization; Chemistry; Reactivity (psychology); Organic chemistry; Adhesive; Hydrolysis; Phenol formaldehyde resin; Demethylation; Polymer chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005130178254067365,"gpt":0.1854414584622467,"spread":0.1803112802081793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001237645,0.0007982323,0.0002226894,0.0007565186,0.0003036515,0.0009337559,0.0005288346,0.0004751035,0.01416407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001089495,0.0002626362,0.0002266415,0.0007183596,0.0002832072,0.001237662,0.0004224416,0.001166378,0.009929563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000422551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000295917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005551515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001527522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999087,0.000005781727,0.000003079562,0.00001981663,0.00005048516,0.00001211526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999729,0.000007359367,0.000003081593,0.000003235252,0.000009892991,0.000003463532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002978644,0.0001735725,0.00007923342,0.00175135,0.000014725,0.0002589724,0.0001994867,0.001483291,0.118435,0.09013568,0.06958573,0.7178531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001857441,0.00002400222,0.0001503349,0.0001586871,0.000004915355,0.0002593048,0.00003504258,0.0002828666,0.0314412,0.005364751,0.9622677,0.000009320867],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01232492,0.2739315,0.03333268,0.001044806,0.003231936,0.0000982498,0.0005023641,0.000607717,0.6749257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02868957,0.1536553,0.01494024,0.000586502,0.0006696639,0.00006332851,0.000390119,0.0001820131,0.8008232],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01416407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04738349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966492515","doi":"10.1007/978-981-13-9105-7_9","title":"Green Chromatography and Related Techniques","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental analysis; Hazardous waste; Sample preparation; Chromatography; Analytical procedures; Sample (material); Organic solvent; Process engineering; Solvent; Chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Biochemical engineering; Gas chromatography; Engineering; Waste management; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Alshymaa A. Aly","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tadeusz Górecki","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00383463283896362,"gpt":0.1937362456766745,"spread":0.1899016128377109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003805894,0.001433944,0.0009535485,0.002209628,0.001188355,0.002539725,0.001375811,0.001598186,0.03386165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003731898,0.0005859095,0.0006000395,0.002704384,0.001588985,0.002489293,0.001946778,0.003599571,0.03507229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001264123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009664466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009172139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002286983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994368,0.0000505103,0.0000103699,0.0000971483,0.0003602639,0.00004487559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998881,0.00003233092,0.000005809204,0.00002419025,0.00003939435,0.0000101401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003814074,0.0001526465,0.00007253742,0.001143968,0.00002038908,0.0002090025,0.0002869785,0.001161127,0.04390517,0.2160731,0.2195902,0.5173467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001701916,0.00001371669,0.00007014013,0.00008360112,0.000004522616,0.0002073037,0.00003788246,0.0003171799,0.008972579,0.02514028,0.9651383,0.00001289349],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001953499,0.09827933,0.1019373,0.002774024,0.005807468,0.0001543249,0.0004077937,0.001172929,0.7875134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006987341,0.05476402,0.02438855,0.002605823,0.0009545609,0.0001268805,0.000394932,0.0003620576,0.9094159],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03386165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1132786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622660272","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_1","title":"Structure and Properties of Lignin","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Organosolv; Cellulose; Raw material; Lignocellulosic biomass; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Biomass (ecology); Cellulosic ethanol; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Chemical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004964910949591171,"gpt":0.1684710862742839,"spread":0.1635061753246927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001318328,0.0004400856,0.0002513526,0.0003535159,0.0002736322,0.0007392608,0.0004844035,0.0003755086,0.00584358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000135288,0.0002159997,0.0001822847,0.0005845955,0.0006019691,0.0009201873,0.0004774363,0.001104484,0.003063959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005775071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003358867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004951398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000563023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999151,0.000007763523,0.000002165405,0.00001819043,0.00004850421,0.000008239273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999977,0.000007347594,0.000002417343,0.000004132257,0.000006840506,0.000002396638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005555871,0.000116153,0.0001712501,0.001226987,0.00001973274,0.000178154,0.000460845,0.005353258,0.1584406,0.3858451,0.04052331,0.407609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004226558,0.00005971295,0.0007173506,0.0001635716,0.000008423908,0.000309196,0.00009256712,0.001739761,0.04356048,0.1288751,0.8244469,0.00002282869],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03077563,0.3315959,0.03867094,0.003059432,0.002169391,0.00005575538,0.0005693023,0.000225287,0.5928783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1696937,0.1774034,0.01132668,0.001143331,0.001189165,0.00009703091,0.0009482641,0.0001653037,0.6380331],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00584358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01954871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2581440329","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-53704-6_8","title":"Biofuels Production from Renewable Feedstocks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Biofuel; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Bagasse; Corn stover; Biodiesel; Fossil fuel; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agronomy; Energy crop; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Chemistry; Cellulose; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jerald A. Lalman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wudneh Ayele Shewa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Gallagher","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00530324026822015,"gpt":0.1739747295885873,"spread":0.1686714893203671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008982792,0.001007744,0.0004466497,0.0008421736,0.000328531,0.001016126,0.0005317425,0.0004294346,0.008882456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001033264,0.0003196976,0.0003506319,0.00120451,0.0003398173,0.001726918,0.0006465591,0.001091512,0.005553797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005950218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003505409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005604092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001350585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999198,0.000004296925,0.000003819906,0.00001611683,0.00004854326,0.000007517441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999832,0.000005383667,0.000001421565,0.000002594701,0.000005487317,0.000001890631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006061332,0.0001533282,0.00007756422,0.001920073,0.00002240917,0.0003481449,0.0002179335,0.002860391,0.1187215,0.1215105,0.03966817,0.7144394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005112631,0.00002422056,0.000144407,0.0002836953,0.00001146707,0.0002996268,0.00004809993,0.0008158609,0.0505783,0.0311156,0.9166619,0.0000116126],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01658219,0.2083619,0.04448899,0.001756019,0.004247398,0.00008132523,0.0005226681,0.0003721576,0.7235874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03911621,0.1884151,0.01599198,0.0004904249,0.0005761977,0.00006921956,0.0006540692,0.0003129161,0.754374],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008882456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02971482,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3151944394","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6","title":"Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Resource Recovery from Wastes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Resource recovery; Emerging technologies; Variety (cybernetics); Resource (disambiguation); Value (mathematics); Business; Engineering; Waste management; Environmental economics; Computer science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004233392680752038,"gpt":0.207252771972776,"spread":0.203019379292024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001983689,0.0009587438,0.0006368139,0.00130087,0.0005755685,0.002085594,0.001025732,0.0009378939,0.04938854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001922885,0.000395512,0.0005001604,0.001788479,0.0006012744,0.002805568,0.001055795,0.00173073,0.02893735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006749829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006021567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008040556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002590723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997433,0.00001502146,0.000006737222,0.00002798982,0.0001908998,0.00001603913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999369,0.00002525409,0.000003048569,0.00000676803,0.0000223496,0.000005587532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005082725,0.0001224577,0.00004647386,0.001351163,0.00001430293,0.0002010634,0.0001450091,0.001447305,0.03711826,0.1209257,0.2090881,0.6294893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003410679,0.00001948016,0.00007815486,0.0001397738,0.000004060457,0.0002001407,0.00002538754,0.0006005015,0.004178934,0.01340538,0.9813386,0.000006141823],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001937324,0.1282432,0.04538881,0.001522842,0.004228014,0.0001286619,0.0004485458,0.0005382914,0.8175642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003569795,0.05046605,0.01388902,0.0004506508,0.0004854747,0.00006068089,0.0003537211,0.000159372,0.9305652],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04938854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1652212,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622476409","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_7","title":"Lignin-Based Epoxy Resins","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Epoxy; Lignin; Curing (chemistry); Bisphenol A; Materials science; Gelcoat; Synthetic resin; Thermal stability; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005066345550199696,"gpt":0.1859247910437718,"spread":0.1808584454935721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001388744,0.001076051,0.0003138803,0.0008164284,0.0003373392,0.001137326,0.0005916119,0.0004797063,0.02355888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001588907,0.0003492454,0.0002210909,0.000875635,0.0003663198,0.001868993,0.0008373045,0.001828159,0.02005562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004791269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003203884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003051411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009406476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998776,0.00001056566,0.000004330113,0.00002531642,0.00006733216,0.00001486687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999965,0.000009464835,0.000003481779,0.00000546001,0.00001094777,0.000005652762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003368912,0.0001919212,0.0000595413,0.001338088,0.00001392636,0.0002637662,0.0002430469,0.001809864,0.07277611,0.206589,0.1088612,0.6078199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000154529,0.00001477627,0.00005634952,0.00009694455,0.000003425624,0.0001277628,0.0000238778,0.00018408,0.01681281,0.007913063,0.9747577,0.00000770066],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.005012054,0.08405029,0.03316401,0.0008177717,0.003067691,0.00006813669,0.0003805894,0.0005471009,0.8728924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01383688,0.06234134,0.006317288,0.000467552,0.0004478436,0.0000547871,0.0003514313,0.0002625118,0.9159203],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02355888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0788123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621734767","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_2","title":"Degradation of Lignin by Pyrolysis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Pyrolysis; Pyrolytic carbon; Monomer; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Polymer; Cracking; Chemistry; Degradation (telecommunications); Materials science; Polymer chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004049581620330569,"gpt":0.1800728580278384,"spread":0.1760232764075079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008911831,0.0005949819,0.0003128424,0.0003249674,0.0002033356,0.0005992105,0.0003343168,0.0003307327,0.003930584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006866844,0.0002700087,0.0003442534,0.0004528754,0.0003013665,0.000946713,0.0004538043,0.00114351,0.003880399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003905158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002676788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003380922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005594309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999102,0.000005522446,0.000002980679,0.00001825382,0.0000500218,0.00001298594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999987,0.000003722015,0.000001284877,0.000002563479,0.000003984015,0.000001405479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005907303,0.0001332508,0.00009972591,0.001196604,0.00002683782,0.00029705,0.0001645256,0.00302077,0.5385781,0.04282534,0.01482453,0.3987742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007347311,0.0001132485,0.0004768046,0.0001224209,0.00001621215,0.0005596564,0.00004499928,0.002652584,0.5785257,0.01396391,0.4034931,0.00002391225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07577102,0.1861643,0.1358374,0.001937771,0.003089295,0.0001449148,0.0004080288,0.0009255785,0.5957216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1644317,0.09507346,0.01824577,0.0006644272,0.0004602166,0.00007831855,0.0006198561,0.0002512047,0.720175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003930584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01314914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3149605758","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_3","title":"Advanced Technologies (Biological and Thermochemical) for Waste-to-Energy Conversion","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Waste management; Liquefaction; Biomass (ecology); Pyrolysis; Combustion; Liquid fuel; Biomass to liquid; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Incineration; Biochar; Syngas; Raw material; Coal; Synthetic fuel; Chemistry; Biofuel; Hydrogen; Organic chemistry; Chemical reaction","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005758761744713081,"gpt":0.1822034958394954,"spread":0.1764447340947824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001314334,0.0007836683,0.0004235739,0.00112157,0.0005550907,0.001912884,0.0008335226,0.000842332,0.03171902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001345146,0.0002674517,0.0003438088,0.001737024,0.0006274161,0.00254143,0.0007716123,0.001547865,0.01632283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007092445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006411432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000650221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002161551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998292,0.00001079812,0.000004792327,0.00002402333,0.0001178869,0.00001337996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999584,0.00001650133,0.00000230744,0.000004698934,0.00001467183,0.00000347365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003744406,0.0001636505,0.00006529321,0.001218875,0.000009444293,0.0001862117,0.0002464977,0.00125665,0.03578775,0.3442462,0.08718874,0.5295933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002244868,0.00002092261,0.0001040685,0.0001906742,0.000004262275,0.0002404388,0.00005093233,0.000489153,0.008154402,0.02713336,0.963603,0.000006720911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002604391,0.1161155,0.02757791,0.0009670561,0.002593449,0.00007274902,0.000226921,0.0002129939,0.849629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01084074,0.07783876,0.01365043,0.0004353425,0.0004149585,0.00006354303,0.0002481917,0.0001005861,0.8964075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03171902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1061108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505959515","doi":"10.1007/978-981-287-769-7_2","title":"Homogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrate Feedstocks","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrodeoxygenation; Levulinic acid; Catalysis; Chemistry; Furfural; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Organic chemistry; Homogeneous catalysis; Humin","authors":[{"name":"Marcel Schlaf","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00798531052596478,"gpt":0.1916974481421691,"spread":0.1837121376162043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001637572,0.0006073036,0.0004266461,0.0006240684,0.0002251882,0.0006961245,0.0009368298,0.0003712369,0.003302625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001616678,0.0004067433,0.0003313468,0.0007915821,0.0003547298,0.0009713276,0.0006503568,0.001354477,0.002474361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005176925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002495164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004123177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001628053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998482,0.000007310613,0.000006975728,0.0000259661,0.00008819017,0.00002326152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999622,0.00001510096,0.000003228957,0.000004909557,0.000009655776,0.000004882392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009530952,0.0002233483,0.0001689404,0.002282155,0.00009042574,0.0003854875,0.0002397489,0.002269785,0.6395956,0.05926447,0.0147887,0.2805961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002307011,0.0001189444,0.0004042649,0.0001254586,0.00004603178,0.000330931,0.00004829281,0.003318153,0.7991549,0.01050004,0.1859067,0.00002319701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1664757,0.3003748,0.1890588,0.001721442,0.004121753,0.0003859004,0.001382982,0.001032949,0.3354457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4711333,0.1947749,0.03873802,0.0005933756,0.0006168,0.0002442917,0.001778214,0.0004858933,0.2916352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003302625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01104844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2623842620","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_3","title":"Degradation of Lignin by Depolymerization","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Depolymerization; Lignin; Catalysis; Hydrolysis; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Reactivity (psychology); Degradation (telecommunications); Polymer chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003524772245259938,"gpt":0.1765448514823454,"spread":0.1730200792370854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001312441,0.0008084371,0.0004309505,0.0004012086,0.0001993541,0.0007080312,0.0005105226,0.0004543192,0.006277718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009062031,0.0002728316,0.0004084097,0.0005230114,0.0003826704,0.001166351,0.0004940719,0.001440537,0.006985381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005138668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003122322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000520125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009726904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998864,0.000006676663,0.000004414756,0.00002945753,0.00005439813,0.00001870191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999782,0.000005861887,0.000002683125,0.000003995078,0.000006684195,0.000002575107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005196844,0.0001856378,0.00008606294,0.001640018,0.00002744055,0.0002833167,0.0001839241,0.002225196,0.4658067,0.05057144,0.02258295,0.4563554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006877198,0.00009425712,0.0003085233,0.0001328821,0.00001421386,0.0004003972,0.00003808986,0.001185575,0.3582729,0.01269611,0.6268241,0.00002606396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04202515,0.2958861,0.1245377,0.002157698,0.004706969,0.0002030012,0.000605618,0.0009474223,0.5289305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09881732,0.1583753,0.02093484,0.00132786,0.000570219,0.0001097491,0.0006884523,0.0003209296,0.7188553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006277718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02100104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622717446","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_8","title":"Lignin-Based Polyurethane (PU) Resins and Foams","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Polyurethane; Depolymerization; Polyol; Adhesive; Materials science; Reactivity (psychology); Chemical modification; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Polymer science; Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004577496112156965,"gpt":0.1834565178745095,"spread":0.1788790217623525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001401816,0.0005542543,0.0002169611,0.0006314754,0.0002844116,0.0009945811,0.0004389643,0.0004970839,0.01160631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001680484,0.0002050354,0.0001821775,0.0007946956,0.0004037224,0.001751219,0.0005558075,0.0009534554,0.006286633],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004290915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003050667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003943481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00104819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998974,0.00001020473,0.000003338952,0.00001917576,0.00005773626,0.00001225652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999692,0.00001131761,0.000002408642,0.000003654851,0.000009721622,0.000003587689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003280252,0.0001679634,0.00006943829,0.001284711,0.000009721387,0.0001525649,0.0002868489,0.001584484,0.05077524,0.2213172,0.05933872,0.6649804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001755202,0.00002025506,0.00008729527,0.0001439912,0.000002692715,0.0001373315,0.00004083343,0.0003292263,0.01390592,0.01985401,0.9654695,0.000007229414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01140096,0.2621337,0.02776922,0.001238625,0.002967309,0.00006143169,0.0003010028,0.0003656007,0.6937622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04022962,0.1608775,0.01209373,0.0005609179,0.0008314683,0.00006539031,0.0003478726,0.0001523276,0.7848411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01160631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03882694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3143137145","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_7","title":"Resource Utilization of Agricultural/Forestry Residues via Fractionation into Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Hemicellulose; Lignin; Cellulose; Fractionation; Agriculture; Forestry; Pulp and paper industry; Resource (disambiguation); Chemistry; Agroforestry; Business; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Geography; Engineering; Computer science; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005586454372682139,"gpt":0.1827748465285127,"spread":0.1771883921558306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005641577,0.0004071906,0.0002122495,0.0002929343,0.0002104388,0.0005417035,0.0002875356,0.000185815,0.003626564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002632654,0.0001362948,0.0003259848,0.0004464416,0.0001468104,0.0005461973,0.0001986915,0.0003884173,0.002521617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003212846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002617547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001015268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002744777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999691,0.000001816464,0.000001237972,0.00000803813,0.00001337187,0.000006429915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999932,0.000002283186,6.508027e-7,0.000001091535,0.00000185738,9.185075e-7],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005552952,0.0001400195,0.0001974433,0.0005254124,0.0000134014,0.0002644059,0.0001548317,0.0018074,0.6595346,0.01490043,0.004184092,0.3182225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006197702,0.0001472829,0.001746422,0.0001287619,0.00002223698,0.0006105992,0.0001041949,0.002751238,0.7430328,0.008064681,0.2433678,0.00001788974],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2167325,0.07544757,0.100183,0.0007926977,0.0006945914,0.00021693,0.0009557775,0.0006250083,0.6043519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3073346,0.05493293,0.04206647,0.0003736531,0.0001185928,0.0001004831,0.001048827,0.0002661612,0.5937583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003626564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01213205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107666809","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-46054-2_8","title":"Triarylboron-Functionalized Metal Complexes for OLEDs","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Phosphorescence; Intramolecular force; Substituent; OLED; Surface modification; Metal; Chemistry; Photochemistry; Hydrogen bond; Materials science; Combinatorial chemistry; Molecule; Nanotechnology; Stereochemistry; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry; Fluorescence","authors":[{"name":"Zachary M. Hudson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiang Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suning Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01774893281096309,"gpt":0.2425071920337944,"spread":0.2247582592228314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001443803,0.0006631694,0.0004785463,0.0003729401,0.0002902821,0.000946465,0.0008483221,0.0005198588,0.007825769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001009984,0.0003385551,0.0002291936,0.0005033538,0.0002290125,0.001151048,0.0006770417,0.0009451078,0.003718331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006410329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001635096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003712286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008055296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999183,0.000007417347,0.000005848052,0.00002171406,0.00002639225,0.00002033701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999832,0.000005195079,0.000002802142,0.000002664321,0.000003028651,0.000003107572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003704814,0.0001628287,0.00006428241,0.002131171,0.00005615539,0.0003382819,0.0002508441,0.00177152,0.7759421,0.06097637,0.02076249,0.1371735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007009868,0.0003773206,0.0002127142,0.0001595647,0.00004530492,0.0004770871,0.00006461932,0.0030089,0.6479039,0.009516479,0.3381001,0.00006387879],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2515818,0.3525871,0.09253374,0.002691019,0.00420592,0.0002917692,0.001271802,0.004153104,0.2906837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6350123,0.1142747,0.02373807,0.001443055,0.0003864776,0.0002790632,0.001226599,0.0008470261,0.2227928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007825769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02617979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3144071293","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_5","title":"Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Leaching (pedology); Waste management; Smelting; Pyrometallurgy; Electronic waste; Aqua regia; Environmental science; Scrap; Metallurgy; Metal; Materials science; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004304692151702259,"gpt":0.1891810598378534,"spread":0.1848763676861512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007977237,0.0005977269,0.0003999826,0.0009386489,0.0004826603,0.001137313,0.0008043128,0.0006528165,0.01453779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001227473,0.0002425226,0.0003913986,0.001125231,0.0003000426,0.001228372,0.0007355034,0.0007307139,0.008252059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003838315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002971633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008665795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002603513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998957,0.000004852342,0.000003856674,0.00001543542,0.00006803521,0.00001209925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999804,0.000006897561,0.000001518329,0.000004034593,0.00000578798,0.000001191905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009262517,0.0001972993,0.0001241921,0.001783579,0.00002468386,0.0006241563,0.0003855937,0.003592103,0.1205259,0.06977896,0.0637615,0.7391093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006539402,0.00005794006,0.0002542276,0.0002723973,0.00001283469,0.0006555668,0.0001230832,0.001618359,0.1259341,0.01104992,0.8600029,0.00001203972],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02372278,0.05796142,0.04573574,0.001313714,0.001792179,0.0001114959,0.0004512716,0.0007021905,0.8682092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03398067,0.0220541,0.008212659,0.000319434,0.0001477192,0.00003150184,0.0003249911,0.0001764659,0.9347523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01453779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04863369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3141981537","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_4","title":"Nitrogen and Phosphorous Recovery from Municipal Wastewater and Sludge","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Chemistry; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Sewage sludge; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004822938608729674,"gpt":0.1760424957195808,"spread":0.1712195571108512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009818016,0.0003080401,0.0002990251,0.0003249107,0.0002446222,0.0006073554,0.0004456418,0.0004526616,0.003318906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008810761,0.0001634071,0.0003219874,0.000623042,0.000162536,0.0005297543,0.0002168676,0.0003090488,0.001370833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003999826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000310689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00138966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004440449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999226,0.000004938392,0.000003602696,0.00001140312,0.00005079122,0.000006720166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999864,0.000006309646,0.000001085728,0.000001564541,0.000003606501,0.000001061251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001933212,0.0001825519,0.0002525671,0.001151403,0.00002287597,0.0004362568,0.0002629361,0.005817689,0.3573021,0.0286803,0.01741584,0.5882822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001415784,0.0002773853,0.001812219,0.00016547,0.00002404282,0.0008952254,0.0001369741,0.005308941,0.4995068,0.01331147,0.4785212,0.00002606349],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2345648,0.1007532,0.04342429,0.001477835,0.001226036,0.00010945,0.0009336718,0.0005604542,0.6169503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1877763,0.02853443,0.008406533,0.0002035431,0.0001092138,0.00005522139,0.0007809364,0.0001656377,0.7739682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003318906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01110286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375825049","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27707-8_8","title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Airborne Pathogen in Air","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Trojan Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pollutant; Photocatalysis; Air pollution; Human health; Environmental science; Pollution; Air pollutants; Contamination; Process (computing); Degradation (telecommunications); Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental health; Catalysis; Computer science; Telecommunications; Medicine; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Pankaj Chowdhury","is_ca":true},{"name":"Noshin Hashim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ajay K. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007655589106959009,"gpt":0.2209841974150039,"spread":0.2133286083080449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000500837,0.0003018164,0.0002366544,0.0002086106,0.000148716,0.0005400777,0.0003672437,0.0003528497,0.002661021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004629777,0.0001671421,0.0002259931,0.0003521357,0.0001294994,0.0003409739,0.0001866163,0.0004437672,0.001493107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002869444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002164301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001041345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00281148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999356,0.000002744385,0.000001362116,0.00001038242,0.00004095344,0.000008955959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999856,0.00000630344,0.0000012307,0.000001517842,0.00000435397,9.898999e-7],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004976285,0.0001170122,0.0001725973,0.000535843,0.0000113988,0.0002475936,0.0001208953,0.0009400585,0.7301919,0.008494233,0.009775459,0.2493433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000507183,0.0001909818,0.00179479,0.00008790243,0.00002174477,0.0008122381,0.00008257858,0.002500255,0.770525,0.003419573,0.220546,0.00001380794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2289565,0.2071585,0.05919801,0.001020715,0.001778628,0.0001395141,0.0006705758,0.0005505098,0.5005271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2002226,0.05565611,0.01275976,0.0003464604,0.0001728857,0.0000447103,0.0004527244,0.0001003078,0.7302445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002661021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008902013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622689865","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_4","title":"Utilizations of Lignin for Polymer Reinforcement and Carbon Fibers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Materials science; Thermoplastic; Polymer; Composite material; Thermal stability; Carbon fibers; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Composite number","authors":[{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatemeh Ferdosian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005911743083430334,"gpt":0.19588909802606,"spread":0.1899773549426296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002002209,0.0006904806,0.0002974274,0.001032479,0.0002847182,0.001095078,0.0005975488,0.0005020622,0.003504672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001195449,0.0003205888,0.0004481635,0.001170367,0.0004774477,0.001491083,0.0005761308,0.00113966,0.001876101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006179158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002558042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004121576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001239053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998893,0.00001203117,0.00000447923,0.00002683743,0.00005203841,0.00001529973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999684,0.00001335496,0.000003241275,0.000003940122,0.00000788021,0.000003247965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008142089,0.0002368244,0.0001926541,0.002109339,0.0000384538,0.0005668399,0.0004577168,0.003013878,0.294451,0.1831705,0.01444699,0.5012343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006443794,0.0001443908,0.0005310634,0.0004035505,0.00002196617,0.0009949942,0.0001201507,0.00170438,0.1857404,0.04209543,0.7682061,0.0000310375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03504075,0.5165272,0.04682105,0.001042402,0.002057214,0.00006698723,0.000235469,0.0002706174,0.3979383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1640905,0.3657153,0.02993198,0.000667697,0.0006881667,0.00009132048,0.0004283286,0.000270415,0.4381162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003504672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01172429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2222103623","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-48520-0_6","title":"Extraction of Sandalwood Oil Using Ionic Liquids: Toward a “Greener” More Efficient Process","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Sandalwood; Ionic liquid; Chemistry; Ethylene glycol; Organic chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Yield (engineering); Dissolution; Santalum album; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Catalysis; Botany; Traditional medicine","authors":[{"name":"Arvind Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hui Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin D. Rogers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0139390055200497,"gpt":0.2545881857463151,"spread":0.2406491802262654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001343175,0.0005855179,0.000313031,0.0004175366,0.0002471445,0.0008434396,0.0004115479,0.0004468763,0.003663493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009685368,0.0002179892,0.0004237189,0.0006109648,0.0003327095,0.00175001,0.0005873725,0.001064402,0.003569787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005505683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004874121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007293177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001765726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999151,0.000004001105,0.000004879137,0.00001606372,0.00004721165,0.00001274143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999735,0.000007730832,0.000003618541,0.000002672619,0.00000873762,0.000003722569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022525,0.0001182923,0.000162811,0.001047664,0.00002655998,0.0002819295,0.000191066,0.0008867426,0.6337087,0.02626804,0.009548541,0.3276573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000669283,0.00008264215,0.0003033456,0.0001137329,0.00001979045,0.0004457987,0.00007778319,0.001303997,0.542462,0.00589589,0.4492557,0.0000326318],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1752822,0.2326329,0.2614445,0.007117664,0.004835931,0.0002195948,0.0008934404,0.001651604,0.3159222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2123967,0.1727454,0.102832,0.003063458,0.0006614582,0.0001144164,0.001153204,0.0006362218,0.5063972],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003663493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01225555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242233977","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_8","title":"Summary","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Waste management; Liquefaction; Pyrolysis; Lignin; Environmental science; Wastewater; Resource recovery; Municipal solid waste; Carbonization; Biochar; Hydrothermal carbonization; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Laleh Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005806379472475254,"gpt":0.1933908140443267,"spread":0.1875844345718514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005676424,0.0005230333,0.0003068012,0.0009830858,0.001105522,0.002341794,0.0007526958,0.00104226,0.5446367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001504565,0.0001634579,0.0004480144,0.0007295579,0.0002630592,0.0007891478,0.001376932,0.0009592907,0.3911723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009735247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00173833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003966162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006817698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994605,0.0000527341,0.00001739122,0.00009001291,0.0002938681,0.00008548837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993812,0.0000575038,0.00002198366,0.00007600932,0.0003093484,0.0001538867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006179365,0.00002623782,0.0002349964,0.0001104319,0.000003994493,0.00009767618,0.00003858667,0.00006221503,0.0004126235,0.005614247,0.8488814,0.1444559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003272305,0.00000680658,0.000225873,0.00003027402,0.000001314467,0.00003249946,0.00002264442,0.0000106907,0.0001086818,0.0005529867,0.9990035,0.000001548221],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001040292,0.003417643,0.001488287,0.007431842,0.01152196,0.000212855,0.004624887,0.0005764997,0.9696857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002100215,0.001174761,0.0004653249,0.001751345,0.0008092923,0.00006595975,0.002036201,0.00008916239,0.9915076],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5446367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}