{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":16,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":16,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b181228cf089","filters":{"venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review"}},"results":[{"id":"W2998076808","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-001","title":"Emphasizing publishers does not effectively reduce susceptibility to misinformation on social media","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Miami Foundation; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Misinformation; Social media; Appeal; Visibility; Psychological intervention; Internet privacy; Public relations; Sociology; Political science; Advertising; Psychology; Media studies; Computer science; Business; Law; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas C. Dias","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gordon Pennycook","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. Rand","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07359982181479767,"gpt":0.3435136217144611,"spread":0.2699137998996634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01510096,0.0004275381,0.0006095001,0.001234097,0.0007366296,0.002474884,0.00087325,0.001909144,0.005664523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08535504,0.0003046365,0.0005760855,0.0009808125,0.001757021,0.003579391,0.001499369,0.001582961,0.000838915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006590334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001755007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001047544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002226725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9849501,0.01015547,0.0007597715,0.0008109896,0.002862772,0.0004608425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8715374,0.09964219,0.01560604,0.005872221,0.005022614,0.002319561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004057441,0.006239538,0.06253014,0.01001215,0.002020458,0.0004229253,0.007642439,0.001592052,0.02577859,0.03130011,0.0254284,0.8229757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005886056,0.04411245,0.4254911,0.007620327,0.01021106,0.001436863,0.01655852,0.006394481,0.07170205,0.1033781,0.3068458,0.0003632571],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8454847,0.01845362,0.005660395,0.04401841,0.001293067,0.0005828544,0.0002537953,0.0004698102,0.08378338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830127,0.005560609,0.00328313,0.004774451,0.0006500635,0.0001422041,0.00005116374,0.00003396416,0.002491761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01510096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07986242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119904696","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-51","title":"Research note: Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential Election","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Miami Foundation; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Presidential election; Victory; Political science; Law; Fake news; Law and economics; Political economy; Advertising; Politics; Sociology; Business","authors":[{"name":"Gordon Pennycook","is_ca":true},{"name":"David G. Rand","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1137924164893133,"gpt":0.353179634851282,"spread":0.2393872183619686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01008082,0.0001697637,0.0001904055,0.0008510172,0.00242621,0.002147343,0.0005457051,0.0008853792,0.003014323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05494717,0.0002085981,0.0003184018,0.000646524,0.001621994,0.001720591,0.001558932,0.002320081,0.0005838725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001094442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001171291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008971737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01975026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995728,0.002238445,0.0003345574,0.0003309086,0.001036322,0.0003317305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9356729,0.03392553,0.0173508,0.00325217,0.008111972,0.001686735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006592742,0.0006790296,0.8862597,0.0002471095,0.0001788218,0.0004781016,0.05835913,0.0001737285,0.00164659,0.004884076,0.006204931,0.04022953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004519112,0.0005620444,0.9183144,0.0001589948,0.0001199667,0.0008142628,0.06477046,0.0003393357,0.001940297,0.002108219,0.01078874,0.00003803772],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846969,0.0004680339,0.0004792486,0.003016242,0.00006272522,0.00006006577,0.0001518984,0.000002951011,0.01106198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962507,0.0002573112,0.000419562,0.001103834,0.00006275853,0.00006445811,0.0001081395,0.000003717924,0.001729681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01008082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05331308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161219713","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-71","title":"Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Google; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Miami Foundation; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Misinformation; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Suite; Variety (cybernetics); Psychological intervention; Computer science; Internet privacy; Ask price; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Computer security; Medicine; Business; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Ziv Epstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam J. Berinsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rocky Cole","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Gully","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gordon Pennycook","is_ca":true},{"name":"David G. Rand","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.119077837890681,"gpt":0.4286550454923205,"spread":0.3095772076016395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02693121,0.0007387727,0.0008049717,0.002414587,0.001557953,0.002594991,0.001854775,0.001583368,0.01153311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1499168,0.0007684343,0.0005565834,0.001195236,0.0007436451,0.00678491,0.005074186,0.002540894,0.003525597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001084265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004022912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00104205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002298056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.983058,0.01185389,0.00128251,0.0009977435,0.002218318,0.000589592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8509922,0.1092163,0.009900182,0.01373072,0.01023501,0.00592565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001467916,0.005554401,0.04279415,0.003357,0.0001411413,0.0004653647,0.03317718,0.002032852,0.01859762,0.005212587,0.03666497,0.8505349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004589816,0.01390701,0.217822,0.006527053,0.002009687,0.002019573,0.06456993,0.07622501,0.06758172,0.06738855,0.4757163,0.00164336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6325441,0.001514433,0.2620282,0.01601294,0.0009795679,0.009805796,0.001274723,0.03366873,0.04217144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6092433,0.0008818558,0.3720387,0.002537775,0.0002528344,0.006390875,0.0007614047,0.0006112967,0.007281933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02693121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1424276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361218003","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-114","title":"How effective are TikTok misinformation debunking videos?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"John Templeton Foundation; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Misinformation; Credibility; Internet privacy; Online video; Psychology; Computer science; Multimedia; Computer security; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Puneet Bhargava","is_ca":true},{"name":"Katie MacDonald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christie Newton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hause Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon Pennycook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02648068531016331,"gpt":0.312945032414581,"spread":0.2864643471044178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003685045,0.0001592005,0.0003074404,0.0005486013,0.0004306819,0.001332496,0.0003367938,0.0007395761,0.002891948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02163187,0.00010735,0.0002132664,0.0003953812,0.0003694332,0.002134897,0.0004983936,0.0006446756,0.0003339063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006512391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009235417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003127535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007208535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983338,0.001153908,0.00007010742,0.00006478054,0.0002633263,0.0001140692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925608,0.004802374,0.001412795,0.0001956304,0.0006816667,0.0003466839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002593243,0.001271325,0.04471285,0.006517324,0.0003598662,0.0002248529,0.009321402,0.0002427785,0.003896278,0.003829947,0.01066363,0.9163665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001516243,0.01643835,0.565859,0.02055281,0.003931101,0.001829348,0.05455944,0.002125985,0.02507063,0.009034168,0.298757,0.0003260046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8839778,0.07970117,0.0007649732,0.01244957,0.0005635478,0.0002477548,0.0002884503,0.00005378957,0.0219529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9586826,0.03639999,0.001262557,0.001122223,0.00021945,0.00008521998,0.0001156886,0.00001036177,0.0021019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003685045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01948857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399316311","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-145","title":"Who reports witnessing and performing corrections on social media in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and France?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Heritage","keywords":"Kingdom; Political science; Social media; Media studies; History; Economic history; Sociology; Law; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Rongwei Tang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily K. Vraga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leticia Bode","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shelley Boulianne","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03833351424270035,"gpt":0.3102407597765956,"spread":0.2719072455338952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003200812,0.0001410457,0.0003549363,0.002388998,0.002275907,0.002905374,0.0005089964,0.0008491477,0.001506681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0196276,0.0001992023,0.0002271975,0.003837597,0.001647599,0.001806524,0.001202518,0.001111757,0.0001861784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007391411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01221963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8200514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8895888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971792,0.000858518,0.0001925228,0.0002022947,0.0009664441,0.0006010003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.977563,0.004271469,0.005971498,0.0003714884,0.009564383,0.002258226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"reproducibility","domain_candidate":"reproducibility","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001247459,0.00003689565,0.8283634,0.0006540633,0.0001758342,0.0007290632,0.08784127,0.0001159975,0.0001323077,0.001436746,0.02075986,0.05962994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005641336,0.00003815735,0.7854554,0.001563734,0.00008569207,0.0004445685,0.1780142,0.00007794409,0.0001406065,0.0001363169,0.03399392,0.00004382211],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287269,0.03614653,0.00009056663,0.01703932,0.0003007164,0.00002132654,0.001255636,0.000007856152,0.01641116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682649,0.02807753,0.00005868914,0.00135216,0.0001026093,0.000007276599,0.0004485412,0.000006547163,0.001681705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9991509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3620166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205132227","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-82","title":"Vaccine hesitancy in online spaces: A scoping review of the research literature, 2000-2020","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Horizon 2020; Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Harvard University","keywords":"Misinformation; Pandemic; Sociotechnical system; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Affordance; Public relations; Political science; Medicine; Psychology; Disease; Knowledge management; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Timothy Neff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonas Kaiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene V. Pasquetto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dariusz Jemielniak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimitra Dimitrakopoulou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siobhán Grayson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalie Gyenes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paola Ricaurte Quijano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier Ruiz-Soler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amy Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07967582834482582,"gpt":0.4251614557202647,"spread":0.3454856273754389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01200463,0.001071895,0.003055712,0.02026539,0.0008366769,0.0034979,0.001128716,0.002397627,0.002908268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05119129,0.001090308,0.002778144,0.01848038,0.001373715,0.004163511,0.002020185,0.001501897,0.000603626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004968752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0163163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01014577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02584067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934516,0.00235064,0.002102973,0.0004242335,0.001432539,0.0002380206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9432253,0.0421932,0.00677869,0.0005257647,0.006737635,0.0005394528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001716174,0.00004716964,0.001112245,0.6423497,0.001817299,0.0002544185,0.001860436,0.0002197844,0.0003061321,0.001533314,0.009547305,0.3407807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004078945,0.0001734194,0.003947905,0.8833972,0.005430581,0.0004876579,0.001652174,0.00007257836,0.0002469758,0.0006396134,0.1038779,0.00003324759],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006533667,0.9978734,0.00007520872,0.0005091039,0.0001417717,0.00008864601,0.0001114425,0.000003472615,0.0005435965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004187666,0.9947585,0.000221165,0.0004318726,0.00006908808,0.0001217289,0.00008379038,0.000002515233,0.0001236088],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02026539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06348729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088516845","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-40","title":"Research note: The spread of political misinformation on online subcultural platforms","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Misinformation; Appeal; Politics; Ideology; Hyperlink; Fake news; Media studies; Journalism; Political science; Internet privacy; Quality (philosophy); Advertising; World Wide Web; Sociology; Computer science; Web page; Law; Business","authors":[{"name":"Anthony Burton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dimitri Koehorst","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.127462659338253,"gpt":0.4208232470447868,"spread":0.2933605877065338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006638625,0.0002280714,0.0002897771,0.004837917,0.002362466,0.004062794,0.000549806,0.0009325196,0.007102381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0280362,0.0002196558,0.0002389592,0.005325285,0.00243843,0.006188197,0.003206064,0.001461445,0.001332611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001421961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00156944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00484079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006286237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933309,0.00350889,0.0002799207,0.0006624873,0.001858539,0.0003592714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9475133,0.03190697,0.008465433,0.003620279,0.0073568,0.001137239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007042239,0.0005600933,0.3144848,0.002119901,0.0002308482,0.001352195,0.2126382,0.0006154432,0.004759406,0.06187316,0.01415493,0.3865068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006760191,0.001283078,0.4886638,0.003074759,0.0002980579,0.003037793,0.2994622,0.001745694,0.01290105,0.01576581,0.1735316,0.0001685175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8267823,0.0060749,0.002233275,0.009721722,0.0002045057,0.0003246322,0.0006488816,0.00004979873,0.1539599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867902,0.004690266,0.001112462,0.0009536768,0.0002046399,0.00009914045,0.0001282557,0.00001979274,0.006001512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007102381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03510886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312095849","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-110","title":"Mapping the website and mobile app audiences of Russia’s foreign communication outlets, RT and Sputnik, across 21 countries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Media Influence and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council; European Commission","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Mobile apps; Political science; Advertising; Geography; Business; World Wide Web; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Julia Kling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florian Toepfl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil Thurman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Fletcher","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02703018991145516,"gpt":0.3096025390803669,"spread":0.2825723491689117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006873849,0.0001620847,0.0002275963,0.002950291,0.0005848241,0.001640983,0.0001479153,0.0003319099,0.002612132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002538847,0.0001203638,0.0002430177,0.002637987,0.0003316073,0.001645801,0.001320641,0.0003842912,0.0005161232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004485548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003914614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01050329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994969,0.0001512772,0.00004396211,0.00008697071,0.0001129327,0.0001079066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998553,0.0004795643,0.0005067154,0.00004722717,0.0002993378,0.0001140523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002756194,0.00007054702,0.8084741,0.001293779,0.0002313915,0.001099188,0.06066262,0.000414386,0.002269928,0.006070866,0.01019554,0.1089421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004816859,0.00004944812,0.9391011,0.0002789715,0.00006926808,0.0003369435,0.0297537,0.0001939363,0.0003366772,0.0001926781,0.02966863,0.00001379953],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785277,0.002552329,0.0001244189,0.0003508994,0.00001930042,0.00001486069,0.001768274,0.000009902127,0.01663232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932682,0.00281717,0.0001477779,0.00008413132,0.00004144464,0.00002252922,0.001115559,0.00001126767,0.002491936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01050329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02088434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405232721","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-162","title":"Understanding climate change conspiracy beliefs: A comparative outlook","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung","keywords":"Distrust; Ideology; Hoax; Climate change; Politics; Political science; Ecology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Stockemer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Nicolas Bordeleau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3431429955728488,"gpt":0.4098929269684747,"spread":0.0667499313956259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006676014,0.0003259758,0.0006872395,0.007504079,0.001458578,0.002998018,0.0006626245,0.001077698,0.004050216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01095326,0.0001870631,0.000532119,0.007479845,0.00284505,0.007472128,0.001745894,0.001181461,0.0001876773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002915459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002345998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02375003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03570687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982466,0.001094488,0.00006488494,0.0001403987,0.0002297085,0.0002240088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9885523,0.008313071,0.0009557105,0.0002767211,0.001591008,0.0003110803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000354465,0.0004191801,0.2496042,0.005780735,0.0007280359,0.000800228,0.08819328,0.0006040928,0.0008180393,0.1039445,0.004794647,0.5439585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003061293,0.0004068148,0.6361146,0.008140177,0.0005179545,0.0009535759,0.2621117,0.001209153,0.0004677087,0.0312864,0.05869528,0.00006596772],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4116905,0.50741,0.002508051,0.02472208,0.0003774411,0.00007462698,0.0004019482,0.00001060023,0.05280474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8206013,0.1756664,0.001269449,0.0009958212,0.0002572853,0.00004485024,0.0002828719,0.000004792624,0.0008772349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02375003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04722357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403093192","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-159","title":"Misinformed about misinformation: On the polarizing discourse on misinformation and its consequences for the field","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Misinformation; Field (mathematics); Psychology; Political science; Law; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Irene V. Pasquetto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabrielle Lim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samantha Bradshaw","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04532339037508426,"gpt":0.3744387492576136,"spread":0.3291153588825294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.05493501,0.0007158577,0.001466219,0.008848146,0.01044197,0.01975133,0.001815541,0.0109512,0.003286461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07126729,0.0004688078,0.0007315853,0.005934067,0.07019242,0.02345928,0.008435678,0.01149311,0.0009085473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01074616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01224255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00941371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009691744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.948515,0.04165959,0.001327613,0.001366035,0.005641383,0.001490354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8291745,0.1476105,0.005981536,0.004147803,0.01152778,0.001557955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008129053,0.00002176878,0.001062104,0.001133934,0.00004692927,0.0005586936,0.1136067,0.0002748305,0.0002642929,0.7972205,0.04495912,0.0407699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002904962,0.00006446231,0.002539346,0.01107967,0.00007743714,0.000607254,0.101591,0.0002327331,0.0006942874,0.3097039,0.5732917,0.0000890895],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0210143,0.2973847,0.003409792,0.5965692,0.005176824,0.00004086609,0.00009643607,0.00003305028,0.07627471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6436998,0.2497247,0.001834497,0.08734462,0.008653363,0.00009720083,0.00007535263,0.0001009108,0.008469661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.945065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2905276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220914241","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-90","title":"Hide and seek: The connection between false beliefs and perceptions of government transparency","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Misinformation; Perception; Government (linguistics); Pandemic; Politics; Public relations; Social psychology; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Psychology; Political science; Business; Medicine; Law","authors":[{"name":"Mathieu Lavigne","is_ca":true},{"name":"Éric Bélanger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Daoust","is_ca":false},{"name":"Érick Lachapelle","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01978406276182441,"gpt":0.2898192905955722,"spread":0.2700352278337478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02026484,0.0002790752,0.0004566956,0.001648855,0.001879164,0.004331732,0.0007678929,0.001891937,0.001954374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1256864,0.0003948424,0.000421313,0.001267444,0.008343464,0.005233328,0.003090387,0.0048765,0.0001443719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003339541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003659941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0164735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01517444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9749181,0.01548067,0.001100615,0.0009258509,0.006326446,0.001248362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8026553,0.1326007,0.04626384,0.005868426,0.0102275,0.002384253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001106842,0.0003659952,0.4463177,0.001619301,0.0009737347,0.001449004,0.2267584,0.001568409,0.00193568,0.1480955,0.006413238,0.1633963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001622411,0.0005091551,0.5827278,0.004709124,0.0006665645,0.001875321,0.1709407,0.003794027,0.002695401,0.1832266,0.04830435,0.0003887951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9098483,0.01131337,0.008448854,0.03719193,0.0001800498,0.0000613942,0.000127865,0.00001966801,0.03280858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964168,0.001513671,0.0003109575,0.001386555,0.00004211556,0.000009760986,0.00001980983,0.00000462333,0.0002956869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02026484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1071721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082884511","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-036","title":"Ambiguity in authenticity of top-level Coronavirus-related domains","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Misinformation; Coronavirus; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Ambiguity; Government (linguistics); Domain (mathematical analysis); Internet privacy; Space (punctuation); Identification (biology); Computer security; Computer science; Business; Advertising; Medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Nathanael Tombs","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éléonore Fournier-Tombs","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08975327101100493,"gpt":0.3508905166734615,"spread":0.2611372456624566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04182505,0.0002600857,0.0007269596,0.005640598,0.003558699,0.009517643,0.001446621,0.004052517,0.002027392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1056945,0.0003570872,0.0004549564,0.003574236,0.02299972,0.01637645,0.005084056,0.005000426,0.0004936471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005563149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007274373,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004984067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003585331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9488727,0.03504803,0.002442265,0.002219955,0.009945266,0.001471831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8871381,0.07628335,0.009691431,0.008398156,0.01714872,0.001340283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005604496,0.00002904919,0.003808527,0.001072404,0.00004064403,0.0004309587,0.02846153,0.0003186703,0.0002849174,0.8527585,0.01085351,0.1018851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004185705,0.000102645,0.01015901,0.007723348,0.00009062973,0.001099973,0.05158445,0.0006599351,0.001379006,0.564567,0.3625094,0.00008277918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.132618,0.2565466,0.01867871,0.2351618,0.003861624,0.0001904567,0.0002618128,0.00006655252,0.3526145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.941526,0.04194526,0.002680479,0.008992619,0.0009193203,0.00004056703,0.00006289248,0.00002505204,0.003807858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04182505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2211947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213176816","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-88","title":"Chinese state media Facebook ads are linked to changes in news coverage of China worldwide","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"China; Advertising; State (computer science); News media; Political science; Media coverage; Media studies; Business; Sociology; Computer science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Arjun Tambe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Toni Friedman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01931197266603989,"gpt":0.3092463331816691,"spread":0.2899343605156292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008560984,0.0001596458,0.0001984219,0.003009209,0.0004046921,0.0009736833,0.0001562823,0.0002350632,0.002727708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003688816,0.0001008951,0.0002292701,0.003881855,0.0003073968,0.0006005198,0.0006175982,0.0003207508,0.0001238132],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007678864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006615748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0306442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05496916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999624,0.0001071786,0.00003043147,0.00004696729,0.0001233355,0.00006808694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99509,0.001095584,0.002339296,0.0001439204,0.0009721133,0.0003591215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008063806,0.00002925811,0.9660977,0.0002812557,0.0002176804,0.0002776356,0.002942118,0.0001655528,0.0004324871,0.001181094,0.002576135,0.02571835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002534002,0.00001808683,0.9950683,0.00004419591,0.00007583895,0.00004672169,0.0009444645,0.0001311165,0.0000898682,0.0000762951,0.003497166,0.000005436767],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787425,0.00543493,0.00006724706,0.001310059,0.00004472683,0.00001290666,0.0006199466,0.000007143548,0.01376055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996606,0.0022187,0.00002582834,0.00009718256,0.0000564287,0.000005971035,0.0002744494,0.000001901043,0.0007137015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0306442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06093168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405232704","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-166","title":"White consciousness helps explain conspiracy thinking","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"White (mutation); Consciousness; Ethnic group; Social psychology; Race (biology); Identity (music); Psychology; Sociology; Gender studies; Aesthetics; Anthropology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Feodor Snagovsky","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02420813435192778,"gpt":0.3283564840075652,"spread":0.3041483496556375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004134826,0.0002147671,0.0002621738,0.001961101,0.001357451,0.002408268,0.0003750905,0.001058775,0.003776463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01575505,0.0001477531,0.0003545748,0.001052967,0.004138232,0.003112511,0.001963226,0.002099734,0.0002531428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001559278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003205703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008843333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01508879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982507,0.0009450448,0.00007885056,0.00009869028,0.0003576349,0.0002690392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898106,0.006217959,0.002205764,0.0003068277,0.0009062319,0.0005525931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002806195,0.000264689,0.2278533,0.001275197,0.0002501371,0.001642735,0.08523476,0.0006365614,0.0008727593,0.3910505,0.02392604,0.2667127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006347337,0.0002281848,0.3506131,0.005851065,0.0004137074,0.002094409,0.0784373,0.002022216,0.001267251,0.3620801,0.1968425,0.00008666147],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.673439,0.0836027,0.003924225,0.09494711,0.0008215098,0.000067641,0.0001191833,0.00002071012,0.1430579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792991,0.01556634,0.000318164,0.002345708,0.0002489097,0.000008012903,0.00002597297,0.000007161578,0.002180771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008843333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02186728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405713243","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-170","title":"Google allows advertisers to target the sensitive informational queries of cancer patients","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Health Economics; University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Cancer Society","keywords":"Computer science; Advertising; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Internet privacy; Business","authors":[{"name":"Marco Zenone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro R Marcon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nora Kenworthy","is_ca":false},{"name":"May CI van Schalkwyk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy Caulfield","is_ca":true},{"name":"Greg Hartwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nason Maani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02241204486964523,"gpt":0.4089788307927609,"spread":0.3865667859231157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00318296,0.0002749001,0.0004596793,0.004530326,0.0006928817,0.002515966,0.0005210214,0.001358446,0.01421075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02301012,0.0001964833,0.0006497484,0.003550246,0.000606423,0.003334673,0.001195544,0.001019995,0.003437322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001066279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002123761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01573907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02576968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975224,0.001051613,0.0002027298,0.0001105741,0.0009440592,0.0001686236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9771752,0.01657516,0.002871936,0.0005421178,0.002202097,0.0006336041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003319571,0.0003269549,0.03942915,0.01024756,0.000208365,0.0004724548,0.004218116,0.0001753244,0.0009652657,0.01012381,0.2417956,0.6917055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001152262,0.0004107496,0.06885095,0.006482744,0.0004646778,0.001448025,0.002852545,0.0003948406,0.0009922363,0.00179996,0.9161144,0.00007361388],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1685741,0.2834119,0.003167133,0.08100341,0.002255901,0.0008792687,0.01200554,0.001105239,0.4475976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5723906,0.3288245,0.007627286,0.0345061,0.003970195,0.0004881803,0.006212545,0.0002054277,0.0457752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01573907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04753971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405232681","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-167","title":"The climate lockdown conspiracy: You can’t fact-check possibility","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ministère de la Défense Nationale; Mitacs; Queen's University","keywords":"Happening; Climate change; Focus (optics); Range (aeronautics); Political science; Environmental ethics; Law and economics; Sociology; History; Philosophy; Engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Michael P. A. Murphy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0216369308938444,"gpt":0.3333280929690596,"spread":0.3116911620752152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01646079,0.0003423935,0.0007143373,0.002002493,0.002829696,0.006198092,0.001480256,0.007914983,0.003233957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04886694,0.0003999778,0.0007527436,0.001311633,0.0242778,0.01537621,0.002662677,0.01237082,0.0007805181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004564768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006569554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01050169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008937743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899815,0.005420846,0.0004699375,0.0007869973,0.002829526,0.0005112184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9355633,0.05258363,0.002863551,0.002830432,0.005399505,0.000759472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005556703,0.00001710904,0.0007544454,0.0008004031,0.00008020363,0.0003642509,0.004057729,0.0002660189,0.0001934028,0.8639559,0.06647351,0.06298146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004030895,0.00005121516,0.001965876,0.003709384,0.00007518662,0.0006239052,0.003558855,0.0003833913,0.0004676895,0.4428334,0.546236,0.0000547791],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008495014,0.351797,0.004247785,0.5697785,0.005570553,0.00002113553,0.00009727704,0.00003209809,0.05996066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5768917,0.2323841,0.003319951,0.1638816,0.01063782,0.00006794275,0.0001103328,0.0000731355,0.01263332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01646079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08705401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}