{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":30,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":30,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"f41023bd9aea","filters":{"venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2032850299","doi":"10.1080/03919710210001714493","title":"Symbiogenesis: the hidden face of constantin Merezhkowsky","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Metaphysics; Philosophy; Face (sociological concept); Eugenics; Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Naturalism; Politics; Literature; History; Biology; Art; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Jan Sapp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francisco Carrapiço","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikhail Zolotonosov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05853630138180171,"gpt":0.196829905010076,"spread":0.1382936036282743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003736889,0.0001093491,0.0002017533,0.00001430024,0.0003398246,0.000006104926,0.001137555,0.00006761037,0.001128248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007409259,0.00003055889,0.0001699636,0.0003345573,0.002600363,0.00006939934,0.0001395502,0.00008228644,0.00002325223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002363063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002769073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002190606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001049558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989066,0.0001364605,0.0002756877,0.0002290367,0.0002508927,0.0002013955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.0001486931,0.0003067004,0.0001177614,0.00005399975,0.00004844155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003334972,0.0003763609,0.004815969,0.00003873929,0.0000655058,0.000001159026,0.001431503,0.00001798487,0.7998453,0.04872525,0.1304233,0.01422556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004990748,0.001243325,0.05447916,0.0001630032,0.0001884417,0.00003355459,0.002015589,0.0001351228,0.04161518,0.01235394,0.8864951,0.000778517],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9264069,0.01047402,1.242022e-7,0.01999707,0.0006207333,0.000230781,0.00002137879,0.0000201702,0.04222889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978278,0.0001240386,0.00002285009,0.001183454,0.0001446688,0.000003513324,4.144783e-7,6.060351e-7,0.0006926796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7582301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092015095","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7","title":"Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Challenges","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Feminism; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Identity (music); Politics; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Political science; Sociology; Gender studies; Virology; Philosophy; Medicine; Law; Aesthetics","authors":[{"name":"Suze Berkhout","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisa Richardson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3916418593686529,"gpt":0.4516771099796742,"spread":0.06003525061102133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001952085,0.0001339219,0.0003488218,0.00004553422,0.001591303,0.000007615145,0.0007615917,0.0001246906,0.00009535025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001218972,0.0000713324,0.0001417761,0.000143906,0.002093741,0.0001621002,0.0002603624,0.0003052448,0.00001495521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001523135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001234521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001090313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002731846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976482,0.0006735448,0.0005266598,0.0003379541,0.0004659508,0.0003476706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977912,0.00101255,0.0004176614,0.0003010228,0.00009680679,0.0003807119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009971995,0.00002703305,0.01130943,0.002434912,0.00003848702,3.614062e-7,0.2061608,0.000001892296,0.00003625884,0.5204571,0.2593259,0.0001081579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001226554,0.0001420823,0.0005165522,0.0001628779,0.00004413431,0.000001510747,0.01783167,0.0001189596,0.000001806838,0.1300378,0.8497697,0.0001463985],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02748363,0.0179668,0.0002479396,0.9252377,0.003025034,0.002041572,0.000125622,0.00007211285,0.02379965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8515543,0.0002066214,0.00005978592,0.1465477,0.001035322,0.00008216426,4.97985e-7,0.0000102999,0.0005032878],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8240706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971423815","doi":"10.1080/03919710210001714393","title":"Lorenz Oken and naturphilosophie in Jena, Paris and London","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hatch (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Alchemy; Philosophy; Pseudoscience; History of science; Epistemology; Philosophy of biology; SAINT; Philosophy of science; Literature; Art history; Art; Theology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Olaf Breidbach","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael T. Ghiselin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07960375103887966,"gpt":0.2033008776529326,"spread":0.1236971266140529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004816706,0.0002036305,0.00029933,0.0003042119,0.0007489519,0.0000378781,0.0006554182,0.0000593496,0.0004940303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008438253,0.0001485212,0.00008249541,0.0001431602,0.009300523,0.0006469037,0.0001574349,0.0002500598,0.00001958657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008203751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005409041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002046018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000133776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983088,0.00008602326,0.0003476274,0.0004749321,0.0005042524,0.0002783512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992065,0.00009634806,0.0002342992,0.0002838393,0.0000466758,0.0001323596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002656523,0.0001824534,0.001407198,0.0001069154,0.00001484595,0.000005235598,0.03052703,0.00001255303,0.0003685008,0.9484949,0.01793265,0.0009211645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008225715,0.0005086057,0.002239691,0.00026832,0.00005540216,0.00001649825,0.0006599156,0.0006560535,0.00007063391,0.4227599,0.5712593,0.0006830607],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2593582,0.08509464,4.098003e-7,0.0290102,0.00251815,0.0003513398,0.00002401191,0.00006403124,0.623579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959406,0.0005175679,0.00005607658,0.001679398,0.000485738,0.000007871135,2.769042e-7,0.000008811323,0.001303608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7365825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126328197","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00364-5","title":"The molecular vista: current perspectives on molecules and life in the twentieth century","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Cambridge","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Scholarship; Relevance (law); History of science; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Biology; Philosophy; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Mathias Grote","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa Onaga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela N. H. Creager","is_ca":false},{"name":"Soraya de Chadarevian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gina Surita","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah E. Tracy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01951721294700034,"gpt":0.2519616741527684,"spread":0.232444461205768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005673065,0.000136989,0.0001263421,0.00002155988,0.0004166694,0.00002787761,0.0006533026,0.00005661834,0.000003331854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003458222,0.00007697441,0.0001644711,0.0001456675,0.001832628,0.000005078527,0.0001644509,0.0001597896,0.000001042101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003004907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003291004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008723153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001003052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985002,0.0003175724,0.0001928906,0.0004007382,0.0003886931,0.0001999442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991884,0.00004585925,0.0001323423,0.0004960076,0.00007856804,0.00005877867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004195939,0.002478687,0.01485729,0.000384704,0.0005508077,0.00002478969,0.08015052,0.002240662,0.399763,0.3985027,0.0946391,0.005988158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001536943,0.001057403,0.0298148,0.0002111283,0.0001662346,0.00001655057,0.04858864,0.0002797183,0.02916796,0.02294014,0.8651505,0.001070032],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7155271,0.2701211,0.00002237032,0.006906569,0.0009132468,0.0001813591,0.000007617708,0.000004341411,0.006316393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900932,0.008199718,0.00007916064,0.0013133,0.0002140997,0.00001013727,0.000001837657,0.00000742226,0.00008111496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7705114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6752394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036967078","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00318-x","title":"Introduction: microbes, networks, knowledge—disease ecology and emerging infectious diseases in time of COVID-19","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Infectious disease (medical specialty); Pandemic; Philosophy of biology; History of science; Ecology; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Emerging infectious disease; Environmental ethics; Disease; History; Philosophy of science; Geography; Biology; Medicine; Epistemology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Mark Honigsbaum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre‐Olivier Méthot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02270897688267693,"gpt":0.2432598951258622,"spread":0.2205509182431853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007071522,0.0002591687,0.0006229617,0.0004012271,0.0005438977,0.0000166323,0.0009054981,0.000116679,0.0008350642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001917645,0.0001980708,0.0001566565,0.0002107759,0.008952864,0.0002282112,0.0002016085,0.0003801351,0.00001711677],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003749967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002715651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001773707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002760948,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977548,0.0002192483,0.0005314487,0.0006034879,0.0006286362,0.0002623968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998248,0.0003479154,0.0005779628,0.0003010558,0.0001469463,0.0003781063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004997792,0.0001163743,0.0002973221,0.0003856762,0.00001759842,0.000003108415,0.009244361,0.0001238878,0.0000114561,0.002416388,0.9872901,0.00004375672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003168186,0.00020665,0.00007023849,0.0001317151,0.0001331017,6.647533e-7,0.000235168,0.00006128063,3.823461e-7,0.001610491,0.9970362,0.0001973333],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.001957148,0.06888068,0.000001535117,0.01693537,0.9013085,0.000499912,0.0001377165,0.00007333929,0.01020578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05695524,0.0009067708,0.00001029172,0.001602263,0.9328569,0.00003228791,0.00004209717,0.00003087812,0.007563324],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06797392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2615734129","doi":"10.1007/s40656-017-0135-4","title":"Informing materials: drugs as tools for exploring cancer mechanisms and pathways","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Biomedicine; Philosophy of science; Relevance (law); Engineering ethics; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Clinical trial; Cancer; Medicine; Data science; Computer science; Bioinformatics; Biology; Political science; Engineering; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Étienne Vignola‐Gagné","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Keating","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alberto Cambrosio","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1072272405586613,"gpt":0.2770480127324389,"spread":0.1698207721737776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002724073,0.00008938347,0.0001181832,0.00002161983,0.0004703172,0.00004760816,0.0005088933,0.00004087336,0.000009458282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000380482,0.00006960805,0.0000567713,0.00001276968,0.0004648425,0.00002890051,0.0002337107,0.00002385539,7.055618e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002734427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002588984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001341078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001590806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993864,0.000009556185,0.0001444584,0.0002050032,0.0001183836,0.0001361934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993712,0.00002350137,0.0002353616,0.0002750472,0.00004355352,0.00005133995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006474463,0.00001539567,0.00008131922,0.00006657811,0.00002396147,2.018842e-7,0.0006289096,0.00003669263,0.9473143,0.04634293,0.001264998,0.004159958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006123113,0.0004100846,0.0009672739,0.0001277862,0.0000554937,0.000002943333,0.0003393651,0.00003219993,0.8214753,0.04511913,0.1305155,0.0003426597],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894346,0.003145795,0.00005085486,0.001174414,0.002121098,0.000225144,0.00007335823,0.000004436754,0.003770282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975173,0.0007011502,0.0006173301,0.0005749592,0.0004210059,0.00007145228,0.000001708544,0.000007639044,0.00008740138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1292505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3617347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309728367","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00542-7","title":"Homeorhesis: envisaging the logic of life trajectories in molecular research on trauma and its effects","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Identity, Memory, and Therapy","field":"Psychology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Université Laval","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; American Foundation for Suicide Prevention","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Epistemology; Psychology; Embodied cognition; Philosophy of science; Cognitive science; Sociology; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie Lloyd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandre Larivée","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre-Éric Lutz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1253625968937884,"gpt":0.347463517399269,"spread":0.2221009205054806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00299098,0.0001171342,0.0002442604,0.0003223967,0.0008048702,0.00001228849,0.001343303,0.00003861817,0.0001433159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003131554,0.00007841273,0.0001007924,0.0005055348,0.001869351,0.00007742304,0.0001806018,0.0003860143,0.000005353068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009655204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001350372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002146179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001544031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967538,0.001459236,0.0002565229,0.0003519483,0.0009028603,0.0002756131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987379,0.0004816981,0.0002063369,0.0004792233,0.00004010663,0.00005470235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006668695,0.001216076,0.01829955,0.0003304661,0.0001736498,0.00003537552,0.04586438,0.0006030645,0.01654106,0.9117009,0.003126286,0.001442306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004143589,0.00509573,0.5475923,0.0003356644,0.0001204373,0.00002168573,0.01452194,0.0001808039,0.01128004,0.4038131,0.01195742,0.0009373432],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.951169,0.02231077,7.707231e-7,0.004506641,0.00169365,0.0003407239,0.000003847426,0.000009328906,0.01996529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987351,0.00004003083,0.000008271606,0.0008372428,0.0001114484,0.00005733465,1.325879e-7,0.000009649567,0.000200814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5292927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6887702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033218359","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00316-z","title":"Neither superorganisms nor mere species aggregates: Charles Elton’s sociological analogies and his moderate holism about ecological communities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Collège Lionel Groulx; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Holism; Ecology; Sociology; Biology; Geography; Environmental ethics; Epistemology; Anthropology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Antoine C. Dussault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1639871499105764,"gpt":0.2155848640175636,"spread":0.05159771410698721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002657002,0.0002401162,0.0004383103,0.00001401074,0.001031887,0.0000415278,0.0009303791,0.0001108516,0.0004200561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001501798,0.00008008591,0.0001618338,0.0001864797,0.003657658,0.0001910466,0.0004440111,0.0002190738,0.00001375332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003413988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002764761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001501054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002707588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985298,0.000212607,0.0002825817,0.0003243087,0.0003365336,0.0003141991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992239,0.0003543202,0.0001989756,0.00004201192,0.00005779303,0.0001229282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006772749,0.001062098,0.2677616,0.0002282966,0.0003936036,0.00002800545,0.03916293,0.0001184596,0.5411935,0.09576029,0.04936821,0.004245699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002507154,0.001520676,0.9219865,0.00008450028,0.00006648571,0.000007942456,0.009012768,0.0002225911,0.001194983,0.01362957,0.05141347,0.000609859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957927,0.01204902,2.068863e-7,0.02374418,0.0001239433,0.0001380729,0.00009600186,0.0000770191,0.005844531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939482,0.001944624,0.00006007818,0.00349468,0.000395711,0.000008544002,0.000003465662,0.000001322602,0.0001433856],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6542248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972192692","doi":"10.1080/03919710312331273015","title":"Mesosomes and scientific methodology","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy of biology; Doctrine; Philosophy of science; History of science; Criticism; Philosophy; Sociology; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Robert Hudson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2418083957431869,"gpt":0.2648649277099491,"spread":0.02305653196676222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001851793,0.0001512427,0.0002503376,0.0002360897,0.001798231,0.00004819556,0.0008099165,0.00003607936,0.0006055072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003718724,0.0001028789,0.0001229667,0.0001457046,0.02020078,0.0004639541,0.00008395051,0.0001316282,0.00002629418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006037447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003439177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003530789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003832051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981923,0.0003117621,0.0002801198,0.000451575,0.0005041473,0.000260143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990141,0.000181056,0.0002479954,0.0003507966,0.0000918156,0.00011427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004129242,0.00003320934,0.00007488843,0.00002042282,0.000006884775,3.329075e-7,0.01006132,0.000004187658,0.0009339881,0.9815222,0.007248738,0.0000897037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009662322,0.00008779288,0.00008396708,0.00002124933,0.00002175387,0.000003971323,0.0005648539,0.000008543084,0.0002032903,0.3435723,0.6551958,0.0001398164],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07018812,0.03137602,0.000009673385,0.0056442,0.009854327,0.0002200299,0.00001278182,0.00006169883,0.8826331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904788,0.00001958795,0.000873317,0.001278925,0.0002508833,0.00000635851,2.108687e-7,0.000006917673,0.007084996],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9202907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3143312476","doi":"10.1007/s40656-021-00409-3","title":"“I would sooner die than give up”: Huxley and Darwin's deep disagreement","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Directorate for Biological Sciences; Linnean Society of London","keywords":"Analogy; Philosophy; Darwin (ADL); Naturalism; Darwinism; Charles darwin; Philosophy of biology; Sympathy; Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Mary P. Winsor","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07267154448801226,"gpt":0.2279984991146333,"spread":0.155326954626621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004461507,0.0002039869,0.0002810482,0.0001388001,0.001459638,0.00003270368,0.0007444308,0.00007341997,0.001636059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001042163,0.000139819,0.0001891033,0.0001042736,0.007800791,0.0005583966,0.0001935951,0.0003007659,0.00004811085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002084083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003564505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000145561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004736332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979841,0.0001051545,0.0003161833,0.0004998329,0.0007907119,0.0003040633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990007,0.00006627405,0.0002499186,0.000382515,0.0001457525,0.0001548532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009526865,0.0004658746,0.001017932,0.0002845303,0.0001277469,0.00003109161,0.3090191,0.00003551612,0.006481151,0.4630845,0.2109166,0.008440674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002029519,0.0001182561,0.0006836114,0.00007525924,0.00005002733,0.000003793666,0.003300442,0.00003292492,0.0001897122,0.009417612,0.9856315,0.0002938937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2105969,0.123955,0.000005246175,0.01701145,0.01690399,0.0003709085,0.00004119979,0.0001057963,0.6310095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9724225,0.000174627,0.00009989633,0.002790111,0.0006734612,0.000008297332,0.000001805028,0.00001070694,0.02381856],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7747149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2914732898","doi":"10.1007/s40656-018-0238-6","title":"‘Birth, life, and death of infectious diseases’: Charles Nicolle (1866–1936) and the invention of medical ecology in France","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Historical and Scientific Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; Geneva Foundation; Queen Mary University of London; Fondation Brocher","keywords":"Ecology; History of science; Context (archaeology); Holism; Environmental ethics; Discipline; Colonialism; Sociology; Anthropology; History; Social science; Biology; Epistemology; Archaeology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Pierre‐Olivier Méthot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02765492997066625,"gpt":0.2452962686179734,"spread":0.2176413386473072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009007404,0.00008381253,0.0004242621,0.0001257797,0.0001134854,0.000001675044,0.0002428385,0.0000569264,0.00008129955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008513189,0.00004480296,0.00008836485,0.0002707633,0.003207313,0.00005357779,0.0001285043,0.0001141652,0.000001957612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004382524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000274207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001728523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000266631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985823,0.0001298886,0.0003389248,0.0002252054,0.0006068977,0.0001167585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991652,0.000242887,0.0002458147,0.0001892742,0.00005944737,0.00009742862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001253238,0.0002574655,0.9645655,0.000403527,0.00004277649,0.000001069607,0.002726212,0.00000768251,0.0003771483,0.02907176,0.002151303,0.0002702156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005384076,0.0007985044,0.9365421,0.0004802203,0.0001560943,0.00001292915,0.0004974836,0.0009209804,0.00007601819,0.03932228,0.01561973,0.000189574],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9623101,0.02387163,0.00000132106,0.006128401,0.0009838598,0.0002829968,0.000005427739,0.000006237024,0.006410051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983307,0.0005731229,0.00001267003,0.0004643918,0.00006383161,0.000009093117,2.149102e-7,0.00000277602,0.0005432691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03602056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525631744","doi":"10.1007/s40656-016-0115-0","title":"Theorizing epigenesis in a time of preexistence: From the end of the seventeenth century to the 1720s","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Epigenesis; History of science; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Biology; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Angela Ferraro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05079647292843841,"gpt":0.2356839727914174,"spread":0.184887499862979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009701052,0.0001228609,0.000262064,0.00005777703,0.0004591381,0.000004905201,0.001816152,0.00002851685,0.0006456816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002683417,0.0000410688,0.0001785971,0.0001279647,0.004502971,0.00009272514,0.0001718255,0.0001204458,0.00001974758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001075949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003146702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001303073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007455987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979839,0.0003792754,0.0004375968,0.0002187808,0.0007776321,0.0002028121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983649,0.0005648247,0.0003826321,0.0005644472,0.00006686554,0.00005633584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003400191,0.0006783038,0.02297384,0.0002155432,0.0001365012,0.000001429555,0.2913366,0.00003825977,0.00372784,0.6038063,0.06538764,0.01135779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006199492,0.0004879663,0.03361861,0.001383,0.0001099256,9.380859e-7,0.004206383,0.00001435056,0.0004909913,0.04046375,0.9183685,0.0002356131],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8547691,0.01142939,0.000004344492,0.07410198,0.003524626,0.0007639705,0.0001308163,0.00001697799,0.05525886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958688,0.0000660099,0.00001674386,0.002000646,0.000530249,0.000009799282,2.13285e-7,0.000006390176,0.001501161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8529809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310240026","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00553-4","title":"Planer R. J. & Sterelny K., From Signal to Symbol: the Evolution of Language, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2021, xx + 276 pp","year":2022,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Philosophy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Loïc Latouche-Simard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04645443825358063,"gpt":0.2362525211820155,"spread":0.1897980829284349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001415663,0.0002833908,0.0004764342,0.0001934663,0.002109798,0.00003030673,0.002427178,0.00005141876,0.005361031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001364238,0.0001811891,0.0002658711,0.0002813918,0.005831464,0.0002682966,0.0004671493,0.000433391,0.000133554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000591669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009989257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01010524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003870918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959393,0.0004332486,0.0006539217,0.0005957459,0.001954016,0.0004237394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979942,0.000230275,0.0006829773,0.0007737954,0.0001271542,0.000191619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001630716,0.0002965567,0.0002098099,0.00008314224,0.0001158342,0.000003975502,0.112068,0.0009335515,0.003822432,0.02759294,0.8543667,0.0003440533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002720545,0.0004438839,0.0004839506,0.0001602584,0.0002700153,0.000002036541,0.01195813,0.00008025407,0.00007014886,0.0007842864,0.9852106,0.0002644162],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3374393,0.4708845,0.00001821444,0.02393599,0.02730561,0.001465033,0.001573515,0.00006062687,0.1373172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9670364,0.0001370124,0.00004278619,0.002351213,0.003305017,0.00003961609,0.00001488729,0.00001880633,0.02705421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6295971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134499556","doi":"10.1007/s40656-021-00387-6","title":"Ateleological propagation in Goethe’s Metamorphosis of plants","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"German Literature and Culture Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Metamorphosis; History; Biology; Ecology; Larva","authors":[{"name":"Gregory Rupik","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07776641995635206,"gpt":0.228678106781763,"spread":0.1509116868254109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002110478,0.00007717765,0.0001950487,0.00004851176,0.000151579,0.000007351763,0.000242184,0.00002392863,0.0003576152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006311318,0.00004307401,0.00009365887,0.00006414295,0.001351298,0.0001194833,0.00005641412,0.00007900394,0.000005110343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002007929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007470608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003207777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001357121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991773,0.00009245539,0.0002228816,0.00015492,0.0002546432,0.00009780967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995918,0.00003360984,0.0001540026,0.0001226583,0.00008056795,0.0000173925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002841844,0.0002234472,0.001906068,0.0001078498,0.00004967759,0.000004767451,0.07505029,0.0000187032,0.004204815,0.8990659,0.01916151,0.0001785236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006965665,0.0003950031,0.01688229,0.0005200501,0.0001347981,0.00001078592,0.01131835,0.00003766846,0.01161106,0.1514872,0.8063821,0.000524141],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5244978,0.02496799,5.760923e-7,0.005638793,0.001788446,0.0001621444,0.00002512713,0.00001871002,0.4429004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975404,0.00003422458,0.00004144424,0.000466599,0.0001770118,0.000005022359,0.000001346506,0.00000197093,0.001731974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7872206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4978915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2551566725","doi":"10.1007/s40656-016-0122-1","title":"Laws of organization and chemical analysis: Blainville and Müller","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Reductionism; Presupposition; Epistemology; Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy of biology; Action (physics); Biology; Philosophy; Philosophy of science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"François Duchesneau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03401271128930323,"gpt":0.1953269774862078,"spread":0.1613142661969046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002804452,0.00008464549,0.0001941481,0.0001846061,0.0003094159,0.000004907501,0.0003062962,0.00002984277,0.0004769919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001114683,0.00004560183,0.00006389621,0.0001772622,0.006827314,0.000284843,0.00006419902,0.00004061397,0.000004302667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005640561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008503534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004506673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003324804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991356,0.00003675021,0.0002027514,0.0002198405,0.0003035,0.0001015618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994248,0.00006063476,0.000202406,0.0001522292,0.0001002915,0.0000597087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005041822,0.0001842832,0.007163101,0.0001471572,0.0002269757,9.704933e-7,0.06838728,0.000005674636,0.08717568,0.7856243,0.04855398,0.002480156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009385794,0.000387532,0.005876305,0.0002447296,0.0008438602,0.000006253875,0.001851175,0.00007935009,0.006031254,0.02742331,0.9555173,0.0008003354],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9150007,0.01208856,0.000006120991,0.004045871,0.0009495656,0.0001289877,0.00001620868,0.00003087932,0.06773308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973539,0.00006627238,0.00005690021,0.0002837405,0.000122171,8.99423e-7,2.664092e-7,0.000003564953,0.0021123],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9069633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296038864","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00530-x","title":"Kant, intoxicated: the aesthetics of drunkenness, between moral duty and “active play”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of King's College","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Duty; German; Philosophy of biology; History of science; Context (archaeology); Aesthetics; Philosophy of science; History; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Perkins-McVey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09858534724878779,"gpt":0.2402773747059027,"spread":0.1416920274571149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010119,0.0001343924,0.0002548161,0.00008824921,0.001334393,0.00001408,0.001019996,0.00003239248,0.000307646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008481802,0.00007861619,0.0001360804,0.0001096261,0.008463953,0.0001290707,0.0004225493,0.00041838,0.000002334983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005504555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002124547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002133647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002165923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983845,0.0002836394,0.0003068632,0.0002374759,0.0006169891,0.0001704765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988987,0.0002759223,0.000375836,0.0003142041,0.00007475033,0.00006051909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002341714,0.00006013253,0.000189756,0.0000190516,0.00002602533,3.770983e-7,0.01732638,0.00002560349,0.00006396849,0.9816124,0.0004659818,0.0001869144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001331892,0.000219379,0.0005737515,0.0000205605,0.00005435974,0.000001824641,0.001447003,0.0000425319,0.00009505669,0.9432272,0.05406114,0.0001240402],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7087779,0.006330404,0.000001439233,0.05296097,0.001988002,0.0004021898,0.0002995638,0.00004304707,0.2291965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983628,0.00003233689,0.000007913535,0.001063274,0.0003421146,0.000011853,0.000001557609,0.000008964049,0.0001691622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2895849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382501980","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00588-1","title":"Claude Bernard’s non reception of Darwinism","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cegep Edouard Montpetit; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Darwinism; Epistemology; Darwin (ADL); Context (archaeology); Philosophy; Metaphysics; Scientific theory; Biology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ghyslain Bolduc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Caroline Angleraux","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1124377764961708,"gpt":0.2452860306576664,"spread":0.1328482541614956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007466482,0.0001450889,0.0002589054,0.0003055301,0.0007483471,0.00001311425,0.001225924,0.00004350775,0.0008882654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009483398,0.0001059567,0.0002188287,0.0002552764,0.006852847,0.0004532973,0.0001328002,0.0001375459,0.0001505904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008663841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002544688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000179004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006994107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981624,0.00007327235,0.0003960174,0.000329089,0.000800572,0.0002386125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998927,0.00007023133,0.000434284,0.000379026,0.0001080884,0.00008134558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003727721,0.0001353965,0.0002698856,0.0001397375,0.00002492203,0.00000129255,0.04283445,0.0001739555,0.0105245,0.8041539,0.1411385,0.0005662646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003727464,0.0005982051,0.00215349,0.0002847911,0.00006756549,0.000002190391,0.002607723,0.0003269567,0.0009957345,0.2864393,0.7057058,0.0004454738],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1922547,0.001689254,0.000002719538,0.008579704,0.007913311,0.0002627287,0.00004467436,0.0001249239,0.7891279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946278,0.00004696327,0.00005483942,0.0005706461,0.0007349104,0.000007660329,0.00000151186,0.000008816995,0.003946814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8023731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210692570","doi":"10.1007/s40656-021-00480-w","title":"Kraepelin’s psychiatry in the pragmatic age","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Psychiatry; Dementia praecox; Psychoanalysis; Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","authors":[{"name":"David Rattray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07345699903797778,"gpt":0.2589967378158641,"spread":0.1855397387778863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001186713,0.00009560068,0.0001338647,0.000105192,0.001356238,0.00001438019,0.00115974,0.0000122857,0.002009611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001687657,0.00005521499,0.0001075632,0.0001220855,0.001053617,0.00009915059,0.00008679037,0.0002472504,0.00002049736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007959647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003560641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003156814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005763646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983416,0.000342831,0.0003178495,0.0001817347,0.0006174176,0.0001986276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993523,0.00007174114,0.0002217528,0.0003015717,0.00001019625,0.0000424119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000192293,0.0002114019,0.001111478,0.0001102589,0.000004057807,7.676607e-7,0.0422713,0.00003382974,0.000002841691,0.8423106,0.1138544,0.00006981037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002396401,0.0002429715,0.001111649,0.00004119871,0.00001422447,0.000004646173,0.0128838,0.00004314288,2.929794e-7,0.2209048,0.764382,0.0001316182],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1553523,0.0147856,2.615816e-7,0.0562784,0.0171717,0.0005807201,0.000040588,0.00002823032,0.7557622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808869,0.000008271322,0.00005632273,0.01660493,0.0007107409,0.00004955037,0.000001710223,0.00000560501,0.001675989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8255346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322625335","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00558-7","title":"Epistemological discipline in animal behavior studies: Konrad Lorenz and Daniel Lehrman on intuition and empathy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Empathy; Ethology; Subjectivity; Intuition; Objectivity (philosophy); Perception; Sociology; Psychology; Naturalism; Philosophy; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Marga Vicedo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1816800539703829,"gpt":0.3989511758802269,"spread":0.217271121909844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006482941,0.000151323,0.0003057908,0.0002416682,0.0002314067,0.000002735942,0.0003867643,0.0001417783,0.00004426545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001702603,0.0001035812,0.000057688,0.0003702588,0.003533632,0.0000791883,0.0001907093,0.0003442448,0.00002499634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001798882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002564702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002663103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005017009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998426,0.0002175122,0.0003234837,0.0005494929,0.0002400478,0.0002434553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992602,0.0002388401,0.0001737691,0.0002253788,0.00002245351,0.00007929257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005480525,0.0006991018,0.04872749,0.00006302742,0.00006646788,0.00005144129,0.07625668,0.000007249566,0.0009848536,0.7871171,0.08439159,0.001086896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001448278,0.003384893,0.692556,0.0001399183,0.00009788533,0.00004694589,0.008721724,0.00004329988,0.00001319947,0.2797902,0.01323575,0.0005219117],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9408871,0.008111785,0.000003418391,0.005660033,0.002155073,0.0002451783,0.000009966212,0.00004872179,0.04287873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979166,0.0001727344,0.00003440981,0.000627901,0.0002548947,0.0000414996,6.289097e-7,0.000007700234,0.0009436109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6438286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307032444","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00528-5","title":"“Batesonian Mendelism” and “Pearsonian biometry”: shedding new light on the controversy between William Bateson and Karl Pearson","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heredity; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Galton's problem; Norm (philosophy); Philosophy; Evolutionary theory; Philosophy of science; Biology; Mathematics; Genetics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Nicola Bertoldi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06875235282877427,"gpt":0.2212786594605715,"spread":0.1525263066317972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001181007,0.0002325021,0.0003092551,0.0003797422,0.00353776,0.00009383322,0.001165203,0.00002907171,0.0005521196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001524592,0.0001514439,0.0001115714,0.0002996855,0.002768852,0.0003440074,0.0003650569,0.0003067957,0.00001527389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002050294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002015859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002926714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004119023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976998,0.0001932475,0.0003061973,0.0005434551,0.0009110899,0.0003461989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998835,0.0002464672,0.0002764032,0.0003541005,0.00004274716,0.0002453151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008748414,0.0001117529,0.001152126,0.00003994461,0.00006789747,0.000003108573,0.1043629,0.00006494449,0.001478992,0.794335,0.09630719,0.001988663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002965196,0.0008913268,0.001332004,0.00007075016,0.00005650332,0.000003453933,0.002041743,0.00006041237,0.00008128667,0.03764944,0.9571924,0.0003242084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4544283,0.01412164,0.000004781034,0.2493886,0.005749412,0.001113944,0.00016415,0.000148992,0.2748801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917122,0.000022197,0.00005812361,0.004926454,0.0007884494,0.00001400522,5.788189e-7,0.0000137477,0.002464224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8608851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2940959343","doi":"10.1007/s40656-019-0261-2","title":"Physiology studies and scientific exchange in the Anthropology Laboratory of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (1910s–1920s)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Cosmetic and Laser Surgery","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Anthropology; Cultural exchange; History of science; Philosophy of biology; Biological anthropology; Biological sciences; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Biology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Adriana T. A. Martins Keuller","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1226596383111878,"gpt":0.3093741355099336,"spread":0.1867144971987458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001062804,0.00008675834,0.0002588558,0.0001263815,0.0004135479,0.0000031728,0.0005927979,0.00003113578,0.0001817565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001969182,0.00004177101,0.0000628667,0.0001355876,0.01375007,0.00008805897,0.00008485618,0.0001397684,0.00000335969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004615452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002144484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005220525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985946,0.0003308064,0.0002784477,0.0001937994,0.0004476127,0.0001547117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990507,0.0002621108,0.0003020309,0.0002075643,0.0001529333,0.00002467684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006726309,0.0003727165,0.007162957,0.001204615,0.00005997115,5.815076e-7,0.3159683,0.00002239718,0.005646288,0.6041366,0.06518897,0.0001693306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000807447,0.0007833326,0.05025914,0.0003796146,0.00006105685,0.00000320916,0.01642251,0.00004622904,0.0002171146,0.05231154,0.878502,0.0002067804],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9582971,0.01569241,7.494025e-8,0.01108949,0.002574876,0.0002082145,0.00001947433,0.000004371549,0.01211399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976778,0.00008484085,0.00001137632,0.001425879,0.0002367451,0.000005435224,2.499249e-7,0.000003032251,0.0005546631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8133131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9889339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401213865","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00624-8","title":"States of Resistance: nosocomial and environmental approaches to antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Government of Canada; American University of Beirut; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Rubric; Resistance (ecology); Politics; Corporate governance; Political science; Medicine; Environmental planning; Geography; Sociology; Business; Ecology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Louis‐Patrick Haraoui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Rizk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannah Landecker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07648576195032651,"gpt":0.2445678310145334,"spread":0.1680820690642069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009743837,0.0001079441,0.0002027222,0.0001617376,0.0002815098,0.00002019138,0.0005143837,0.00005850797,0.00004196378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007370445,0.00008303377,0.00007464013,0.0003611353,0.003094016,0.0001955536,0.00009069423,0.0001108998,0.000003538473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001475223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003532139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001909311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001554173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984919,0.0001775945,0.0002764556,0.0003273122,0.0005080987,0.0002186777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995363,0.0001079086,0.000105762,0.0001538189,0.000009043104,0.00008714766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004814164,0.0003559268,0.01025276,0.001028106,0.00006554787,0.00001052359,0.2997326,0.000189474,0.02376957,0.6240304,0.03922813,0.0008556099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006194908,0.0001389207,0.008016773,0.001591423,0.00006173095,8.951745e-7,0.006531828,0.00008340519,0.003597034,0.0433229,0.935376,0.0006595854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.816166,0.02751154,0.00001028351,0.02375866,0.001766226,0.0005976295,0.00007239846,0.0000370667,0.1300802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995276,0.0001644051,0.0003235695,0.0001780878,0.0001999443,0.00000570622,7.811453e-7,0.000006153759,0.00384535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8961479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084778525","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00336-9","title":"Ecological laws for agroecological design: the need for more organized collaboration in producing, evaluating and updating ecological generalizations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Fondation de France","keywords":"Ecology; Scope (computer science); Face (sociological concept); Resilience (materials science); Epistemology; Computer science; Sociology; Management science; Social science; Engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Oswaldo Forey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Linquist","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07653059759286114,"gpt":0.294145427305919,"spread":0.2176148297130579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001703428,0.0001170365,0.0002060814,0.00002156302,0.0006719987,0.00002212358,0.0005772621,0.00007158311,0.00009892489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002642309,0.00006244705,0.00005488889,0.0004481813,0.001070055,0.0001366912,0.0002010516,0.00008361851,0.000002117937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000167544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001231183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001342554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008577815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984178,0.0002715271,0.0003623008,0.0004484307,0.0002862536,0.0002137089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990151,0.000450679,0.0002884328,0.0001370405,0.00003908364,0.00006967459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004064324,0.0009179822,0.1534942,0.0002865738,0.00004515769,0.000002288347,0.02058242,0.5944771,0.1566804,0.05069444,0.02160714,0.0008058237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001089765,0.001596374,0.07187704,0.00003159563,0.00005987087,0.000003442192,0.001658809,0.9050444,0.0004062855,0.01606436,0.00183222,0.0003358862],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9552523,0.0002564005,0.001559109,0.03946357,0.0003184722,0.002406855,0.00001143666,0.00002548652,0.0007063663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838182,0.000007261353,0.0138616,0.002018853,0.00009250944,0.0001614856,0.000001711361,0.000005456692,0.00003286907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3105673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5168539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310081301","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00551-6","title":"Parachutes, randomized controlled trials, and all-cause mortality","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Neglect; Clinical trial; Intervention (counseling); Psychological intervention; Medicine; Intensive care medicine; Psychotherapist; Psychology; Psychiatry; Surgery; Pathology","authors":[{"name":"Thomas Milovac","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5917474131223263,"gpt":0.434472325389511,"spread":0.1572750877328152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1337799,0.0002098105,0.004272415,0.0003317101,0.0006795696,0.00002663267,0.0008269326,0.00005771093,0.0009869584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02464093,0.0001690184,0.0007573709,0.0002054371,0.001387776,0.0003131521,0.0002113097,0.0002220858,0.00004273335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004515127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006513341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001794001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9876056,0.005224718,0.005903272,0.0005979586,0.0003706626,0.0002977452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9862436,0.005770433,0.007197831,0.0005833742,0.00004239117,0.000162336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004218458,0.0001983256,0.004483438,0.0001466744,0.001583866,6.020341e-7,0.002917119,0.0007143163,0.000009026525,0.9321358,0.05358034,0.00001203294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.1544808,0.0003273631,0.00277745,0.0000777639,0.0009497607,0.00001128454,0.001278216,0.01308473,0.000003965808,0.6601184,0.1659967,0.0008934982],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3819586,0.242011,0.000239723,0.2717965,0.01306505,0.00944622,0.0007302015,0.0001476042,0.08060514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799215,0.0004948227,0.0004261897,0.01731708,0.0004255445,0.0005519465,0.000005016118,0.0000166317,0.0008413213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5979629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124167360","doi":"10.1007/s40656-020-00358-3","title":"The genealogy of dwarfs: reproduction and romantic mythology in Goethe’s New Melusine","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reproduction; Scholarship; Romance; Literature; Darwin (ADL); Philosophy; Consilience; Epistemology; Power (physics); Art; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Christine Lehleiter","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1219406240284008,"gpt":0.2646969513826323,"spread":0.1427563273542315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007796033,0.00009653351,0.000247999,0.00005335314,0.0008020783,0.000007299718,0.000245156,0.0000366423,0.00006639836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003283504,0.00006018326,0.00008107127,0.0001439383,0.003211103,0.0000818654,0.00008891979,0.0001181432,0.000002551119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001169776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003028225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009285099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001494758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986575,0.0001927264,0.0003355908,0.0003769261,0.0002595113,0.0001777359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991537,0.00009173172,0.0002382113,0.0003433519,0.0001281464,0.00004483764],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007730172,0.0002935292,0.001708578,0.0003695308,0.00009320486,0.00000329689,0.2830224,0.00005756343,0.001626522,0.629277,0.07847998,0.004991104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002226615,0.0001783359,0.003014205,0.00003289941,0.00004120943,0.00001259008,0.01000423,0.00001170988,0.0002060042,0.05630636,0.9298251,0.0001446683],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4296288,0.3432447,0.000006377837,0.148566,0.01426375,0.0004252068,0.000007497901,0.00004517939,0.06381258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822901,0.004718777,0.0001062011,0.0007552854,0.001775281,0.000007223786,6.363323e-7,0.000008629503,0.0103378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8513451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294011785","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00519-6","title":"Toward a comparative history of medical genetics as a medical specialty in North America","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Medical History and Research","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario College of Art and Design","funders":"","keywords":"Medical genetics; Specialty; Eugenics; Genetic counseling; Heredity; Human genetics; Family medicine; Medicine; Medical education; Genetics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"William Leeming","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2132820529060105,"gpt":0.3117725665521043,"spread":0.09849051364609376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001525839,0.0001399386,0.0004393244,0.0002606963,0.0003556586,0.000003220546,0.002163853,0.00005212772,0.04304396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004669959,0.00009883698,0.0001757954,0.0002011306,0.01357329,0.00007427507,0.0004953709,0.0006996656,0.00002832898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007504378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00490354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009428498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00138254,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936997,0.0006301879,0.0005745855,0.0003242799,0.00449493,0.0002763466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987653,0.000256449,0.0003171627,0.0002817346,0.00007509423,0.0003042044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000231683,0.001392509,0.0008509028,0.0002279774,0.00006237091,0.00007159723,0.3612828,0.0001319393,0.00001789885,0.2113819,0.4229585,0.001389974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003032537,0.0004056176,0.0001707526,0.00004427237,0.00001152121,0.00000465848,0.003261302,0.0004838372,0.000002530763,0.002470987,0.992716,0.0001252686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2578055,0.04124392,0.000004076536,0.02149477,0.01035111,0.0005236717,0.00005059041,0.00003866694,0.6684877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917253,0.0001557381,0.00001951084,0.002851635,0.0007557265,0.00003128795,0.000002802254,0.000007703898,0.004450276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7339198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9891112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158577582","doi":"10.1007/s40656-021-00423-5","title":"On shaping expectations of “new normals” for living in a post-COVID-19 world","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Geographies of human-animal interactions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario College of Art and Design","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Scholarship; Syndemic; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Narrative; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Politics; Sociology; Social science; Political science; Environmental ethics; Law; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Philosophy; Medicine; Virology; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","authors":[{"name":"William Leeming","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1345152725463541,"gpt":0.358988156736712,"spread":0.2244728841903579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007491336,0.00009867683,0.0001967522,0.0005424636,0.000791667,0.00001955572,0.0007432268,0.00003730963,0.0005488305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005098705,0.00008878197,0.0002438141,0.001056207,0.001444218,0.0003547103,0.00008169493,0.0001201922,0.000005857149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002477006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00183878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002570955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04767191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983724,0.0002001989,0.0003540231,0.0002940109,0.0005365054,0.0002428596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979295,0.001194107,0.0003205262,0.0002287695,0.000180293,0.0001468776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007261057,0.0005279665,0.00824087,0.0001168585,0.00005944798,0.000002281794,0.1842057,0.001674208,0.003391706,0.7701939,0.03133104,0.0001833588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001429783,0.001133174,0.04749064,0.00200722,0.0002450991,0.000006296646,0.2778538,0.0003969682,0.001367477,0.4741197,0.1925085,0.001441312],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6278062,0.01094231,0.00003147516,0.09267671,0.004183582,0.001033556,0.00003783238,0.0001056365,0.2631827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956406,0.00002201961,0.0008341065,0.001728195,0.000179301,0.00002172153,5.594753e-7,0.000005883271,0.001567559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3678344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9697056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2468358745","doi":"10.1007/s40656-016-0106-1","title":"Denis Goulet and Robert Gagnon, Histoire de la médecine au Québec. 1800–2000. de l’art de soigner à la science de guérir","year":2016,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"History of science; Philosophy; Humanities; Art; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Alexandre Klein","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01503493042016952,"gpt":0.2350628275023627,"spread":0.2200278970821932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006635173,0.00028995,0.0004017146,0.0006318952,0.004708111,0.0001718826,0.002203384,0.0002859696,0.0006657596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001923473,0.0002550383,0.0002550158,0.001010309,0.07255844,0.0009669305,0.0002447836,0.0003368386,0.00007331165],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02132377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04995418,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5558892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4937614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954004,0.001145715,0.0004517542,0.0007123879,0.001078109,0.001211618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971401,0.0007823018,0.0004278003,0.0005148931,0.0001399889,0.0009948986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007437477,0.0005025023,0.04173318,0.0002119241,0.00006056061,0.00006031457,0.06988887,0.00008554749,0.01292601,0.3686037,0.4832861,0.02256696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003897103,0.0001072003,0.01910502,0.0003660132,0.0001155962,0.0000796902,0.0004791824,0.0000495306,0.00006225456,0.02769177,0.9511644,0.0003896945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.247621,0.08563092,0.0001664332,0.1890984,0.005818768,0.0004067776,0.00006642562,0.0001090843,0.4710822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8898996,0.001194484,0.0008267547,0.003223478,0.001031101,0.00002008463,2.123595e-7,0.00002756754,0.1037767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6422787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310859840","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00552-5","title":"Sterelny, Kim. The Pleistocene Social Contract. New York: Oxford University Press. 2021. xi + 200 pp.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; History of science; History; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Loïc Latouche-Simard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05312929718872605,"gpt":0.2500304212152612,"spread":0.1969011240265351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005516059,0.0001503436,0.0001804753,0.00004625007,0.00102854,0.00001522424,0.00181149,0.00006934694,0.0003488152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008717641,0.0001145146,0.0001990175,0.0002327626,0.001302526,0.00001519354,0.0006749103,0.0002683855,0.000003492784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001778047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009557813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004862733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004996171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981048,0.0003648103,0.00018959,0.000406208,0.0006097085,0.0003249447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991131,0.0000486925,0.000239074,0.0004299388,0.00006110745,0.0001080182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014388,0.0003996127,0.006080929,0.00005092827,0.0002291897,0.00001063295,0.001725763,0.0008269207,0.1731259,0.006652181,0.807708,0.001751173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000475022,0.0003676056,0.00740283,0.00000586435,0.00003766514,0.000008711154,0.0002598524,0.00006893661,0.002302583,0.0002252598,0.9886495,0.0001961089],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.932128,0.01170529,0.00001424369,0.0119688,0.001492902,0.0006071082,0.0001760037,0.00001838221,0.04188927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928063,0.0001021825,0.00005809322,0.0006622531,0.0005398415,0.000004952297,0.0000127131,0.00001134737,0.005802369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1809416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7910802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774176085","doi":"10.1007/s40656-017-0170-1","title":"Correction to: Informing materials: drugs as tools for exploring cancer mechanisms and pathways","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences","topic":"Click Chemistry and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mistake; Philosophy of science; Computer science; Epistemology; Data science; Information retrieval; Philosophy; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Étienne Vignola‐Gagné","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Keating","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alberto Cambrosio","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1338849220941605,"gpt":0.2944140603333289,"spread":0.1605291382391684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003271523,0.0002648457,0.0003757138,0.00005681509,0.0009418849,0.000085811,0.001163452,0.0001873984,0.0002118044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007511698,0.0002208708,0.000143875,0.00006711958,0.000518161,0.0003831287,0.0002601834,0.0002642724,0.000005532294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002525681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006957954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002182803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001221288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984723,0.000009415742,0.0003712894,0.0004933997,0.0004052041,0.0002484065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983521,0.0001453384,0.0007559556,0.0005321482,0.0000898708,0.0001246132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000490118,0.00004041419,0.000001071297,0.001107807,0.0000493052,3.904442e-7,0.002138294,0.00001686341,0.424926,0.004436801,0.5616968,0.005537266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001230943,0.00002652532,0.000004066257,0.001223374,0.00008271442,0.000003962733,0.0003437641,0.00003343319,0.3054826,0.009892441,0.6824667,0.0003173205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07977431,0.006605464,0.00004545144,0.005627739,0.1324748,0.001266234,0.001324682,0.0002624484,0.7726189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.514069,0.001971217,0.00134261,0.001769518,0.01920679,0.004966244,0.0001909479,0.0001684968,0.4563152],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4342946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9006849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}