{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0aa9480954c0","filters":{"venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2131645630","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20050039","title":"Multilevel amplitude shift keying in dispersion uncompensated optical systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Amplitude-shift keying; Keying; Ask price; Sensitivity (control systems); Optical communication; Amplitude and phase-shift keying; On-off keying; Dispersion (optics); Physics; Optics; Amplitude; Telecommunications; Electronic engineering; Phase-shift keying; Computer science; Bit error rate; Engineering; Decoding methods","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00596835087131366,"gpt":0.1965776165187375,"spread":0.1906092656474239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002445313,0.0003713171,0.0004168553,0.000239737,0.00008133073,0.0002097207,0.00041778,0.0003739198,0.000006805665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006852426,0.0003744117,0.00007243756,0.0006241779,0.00009171355,0.0003077716,0.00009879659,0.0008360802,0.00004972805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006892327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002805241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005783961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003180022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975747,0.000004904598,0.0005203246,0.0004322485,0.0003233917,0.001144413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995416,0.0000825725,0.00005177172,0.0001663103,0.0000741035,0.00008363688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001214753,0.000447651,0.04002837,0.001028306,0.0001451295,0.00005457119,0.0004425879,0.2028046,0.06686728,0.6767251,0.003404539,0.007930364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001007241,0.0001621441,0.01291672,0.0002904008,0.00003419993,0.00003226679,0.0001886968,0.9686192,0.008244375,0.004522683,0.003067694,0.0009143866],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883033,0.001582389,0.002974228,0.0001309587,0.0002611218,0.0004569067,0.000003072599,0.001931422,0.004356616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924071,0.0001224294,0.007104082,0.00001026012,0.0001399739,0.00007550869,0.00001109456,0.00008848681,0.0000410145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7658145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083917976","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20000286","title":"Numerical analysis of multifrequency erbium-doped fibre ring laser employing periodic filter and frequency shifter","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Erbium; Materials science; Ring laser; Lasing threshold; Laser; Optics; Wavelength; Power (physics); Amplified spontaneous emission; Optoelectronics; Doping; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008856970159077205,"gpt":0.2412176851912128,"spread":0.2323607150321356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001145044,0.0003723844,0.0006020168,0.00028764,0.0001905571,0.0001077109,0.000361697,0.0001334783,0.0008098625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001882141,0.0003590955,0.0002208211,0.001155086,0.0001678894,0.000592761,0.00007110877,0.0005252688,0.00001679441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008768122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005950042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001356483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005555393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978952,0.000009941372,0.0004947942,0.0006264366,0.0002511175,0.0007224623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992508,0.00004581808,0.0002105037,0.0002545015,0.0001341435,0.000104253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001749056,0.0004559587,0.8084137,0.0002100686,0.003280146,0.000007922932,0.003687567,0.001908108,0.04069081,0.01775407,0.0002297258,0.123187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007048646,0.00215848,0.1104517,0.000635699,0.006977345,0.00003444063,0.003654947,0.08259521,0.694491,0.07808308,0.007446247,0.006423265],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934343,0.0003590464,0.001371509,0.0001526553,0.00002209689,0.0002374554,0.00003588499,0.0001970055,0.004190038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907512,0.0000437095,0.008689525,0.00004200537,0.00006655655,0.0000754986,0.00002744267,0.0000503285,0.0002537564],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.697962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993396047","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20045034","title":"Comparative study of mixed frequency-time-domain models of semiconductor laser optical amplifiers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"SIGNAL (programming language); Noise (video); Phase noise; Optical amplifier; Context (archaeology); Amplifier; Physics; Time domain; Optics; Frequency domain; Acoustics; Laser; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01703815042247352,"gpt":0.2388038807546963,"spread":0.2217657303322228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002461128,0.0003615724,0.000761675,0.0001664531,0.00005144601,0.00003825193,0.0004189952,0.0001812102,0.00007498132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003337012,0.0003465159,0.0001176571,0.0004469337,0.0001315089,0.0005669892,0.00005094366,0.0004368319,0.00002013421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001996102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006640089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001222571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001887499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978929,0.00001223298,0.0006912717,0.000373547,0.0004099887,0.0006200169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999086,0.0001065192,0.000145076,0.0001947203,0.0002923339,0.0001753533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001057705,0.0008935256,0.00082448,0.0002537003,0.0006429842,0.000001839415,0.006663777,0.03207162,0.937585,0.0186354,0.002048342,0.0002735576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002177203,0.001589881,0.0001834647,0.0001461239,0.0002617815,0.00001543629,0.007231468,0.132042,0.8480269,0.006981401,0.0003810392,0.0009633103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926644,0.0005802113,0.0002215679,0.00002546394,0.00008965613,0.0005250277,0.00001931667,0.0001686397,0.005705738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939405,0.00004478164,0.005748579,0.00001672408,0.00009787569,0.00003938304,0.000006496611,0.00005695236,0.00004869996],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09997035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139303567","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20000567","title":"Effectiveness of gain control in EDFAs against traffic with different levels of bursty behaviour","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optical amplifier; Amplifier; Computer science; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Lasing threshold; Burstiness; Cascade; Network packet; Electronic engineering; Physics; Laser; Bandwidth (computing); Optics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Computer network","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00458090600793487,"gpt":0.1966510451187675,"spread":0.1920701391108326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002744969,0.0003049823,0.0006110216,0.00016639,0.00002204447,0.00001780392,0.0003106864,0.000223938,0.0000158753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002800413,0.0002612949,0.00007587879,0.0005071004,0.0001399618,0.0001363202,0.00001673484,0.0004978257,0.00000169699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002426557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003348591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002604059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007124907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984507,0.00001381782,0.0003952702,0.0002744456,0.0002538186,0.0006119744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995203,0.0001177981,0.00006896314,0.000146027,0.00009233295,0.00005458851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001642735,0.001625378,0.06833279,0.003758566,0.0006481162,0.00002082881,0.000881599,0.6448774,0.1604007,0.01282538,0.00009237626,0.1048941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009488118,0.003671908,0.118945,0.002332858,0.0002766121,0.00003064219,0.0003112031,0.419664,0.4422013,0.001344314,0.00009178976,0.00164221],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974557,0.0005836466,0.0003455862,0.00001908848,0.00002887777,0.0005603103,0.00001401324,0.0003394579,0.0006533665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990741,0.0002046718,0.0005508749,0.000004446199,0.00001482834,0.00007954648,0.000002554813,0.00005977298,0.000009177706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2818007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061267500","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20030390","title":"Truncated-inverted-pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimisation using ray tracing technique","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Crosslight Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Ray tracing (physics); Optics; Refraction; Pyramid (geometry); Distributed ray tracing; Light-emitting diode; Diode; Geometrical optics; Computation; Physics; Ray; Geometry; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01015578838808431,"gpt":0.2181819186972088,"spread":0.2080261303091245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005287651,0.0004483681,0.0004160744,0.0003096714,0.0002332236,0.0002415175,0.0002804156,0.0003733358,0.00005355572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002528388,0.0004643852,0.000138317,0.0009875477,0.00004508167,0.0007368597,0.00002626633,0.0007637442,0.00001700023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005931969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008434762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000863244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001532608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976231,0.00001267025,0.0005361537,0.0004857813,0.0003373117,0.001004949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992604,0.00006283062,0.0001255779,0.000171223,0.0001837007,0.0001963292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001265532,0.0000536534,0.001041454,0.0003878196,0.0001283109,0.000004495178,0.0006370338,0.01594606,0.9762716,0.004195749,0.0003927814,0.0009284155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003142569,0.00008228863,0.00002438484,0.000211389,0.00009778895,0.00007675202,0.0004440449,0.2222819,0.7724076,0.0006025147,0.002756543,0.0007006079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9732279,0.001835585,0.01591027,0.00003459889,0.0004171514,0.000513005,0.000003308643,0.001092193,0.006965964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9784908,0.0002071796,0.02081842,0.00008067802,0.0001512974,0.00005879502,0.000006581701,0.0001368215,0.00004939066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2063358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052447979","doi":"10.1049/ip-opt:20060037","title":"Stitch-free widely tunable dual-channel fibre laser for use in a passive component analyser","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laser linewidth; Materials science; Analyser; Optical amplifier; Optics; Bandwidth (computing); Laser; Amplifier; dBm; Optoelectronics; Optical power; Optical filter; Telecommunications; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01114967182304868,"gpt":0.2172123463340951,"spread":0.2060626745110464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001430453,0.0004420188,0.0004760998,0.0002923983,0.00009085103,0.0001399111,0.0002858056,0.0002262288,0.00001106445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001186225,0.0004853903,0.0001437624,0.0006138501,0.00004932474,0.000714028,0.00006904443,0.0004497512,0.0000176745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006700697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005330496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007701464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002029822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974827,0.000004702219,0.0005379274,0.0005153008,0.0003030921,0.001156257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991375,0.0001125679,0.000116167,0.0002651071,0.0002522675,0.0001164127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002990132,0.0002651179,0.001979933,0.0004950374,0.0002801849,0.00004124751,0.000644055,0.8979381,0.03977888,0.00831769,0.04936356,0.0005971974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00479471,0.0004095487,0.001463846,0.0002189279,0.0001842418,0.00007439772,0.000493038,0.8382939,0.1042832,0.02194251,0.02611763,0.00172404],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839301,0.0005048332,0.01239118,0.0002845145,0.0002152102,0.0009805793,0.00006338424,0.0005640764,0.001066099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745983,0.00007705342,0.02357255,0.00008478665,0.0002335282,0.0002308114,0.00006071314,0.00019271,0.0009495851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0645043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}