{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0884064a9350","filters":{"venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium"}},"results":[{"id":"W2086412156","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507301","title":"New method for magnetometers based orientation estimation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Magnetometer; Heading (navigation); Calibration; Orientation (vector space); Computer science; Computation; Computer vision; Constant (computer programming); Work (physics); Artificial intelligence; Magnetic field; Algorithm; Mathematics; Engineering; Geodesy; Physics; Geography; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005607235286357691,"gpt":0.2640098015129965,"spread":0.2584025662266388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002857179,0.0002027015,0.0001548494,0.0003028498,0.0002228692,0.0001363579,0.0001014057,0.0002387034,0.00004169867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000424307,0.000222591,0.0000515075,0.0005548499,0.00004186687,0.0005052252,0.00000613344,0.0001563887,0.00002234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007110701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006096507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002489317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001207002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988847,0.00003222249,0.0003941687,0.0002802173,0.0002119407,0.0001966907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991019,0.0001136102,0.0001044479,0.0002252205,0.0003440493,0.0001107984],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000814739,0.00005279491,0.0003132689,0.0004052922,0.00003702547,7.339814e-7,0.0008385255,0.1517371,0.7390463,0.0238728,0.008151575,0.07546312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000875984,0.00007133999,0.0006271283,0.00003961108,0.00004278944,0.0000122232,0.00006192733,0.5874783,0.406572,0.00207405,0.001900565,0.0002440503],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02634385,0.00002675954,0.9694986,0.001074917,0.001377922,0.0006282718,0.00002492594,0.0008102744,0.0002144662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8631839,0.0000181692,0.1350915,0.0002523526,0.0002045646,0.0001668714,0.0008824141,0.00004338244,0.0001568747],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9076998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084228889","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507318","title":"Collaborative acquisition of weak GPS signals","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; GPS signals; False alarm; Carrier-to-noise ratio; Code (set theory); Doppler effect; Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Noise (video); Assisted GPS; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); Electronic engineering; Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004412390869429236,"gpt":0.2265691295406561,"spread":0.2221567386712269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002058083,0.0001782948,0.0001793842,0.0001637621,0.0001575517,0.00008010834,0.00009095161,0.0001699361,0.00006695923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001005748,0.0001932388,0.00003760824,0.0004753015,0.0001128234,0.0004974408,0.000008746084,0.0001997498,0.00004609612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004046819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004137911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001762547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006864667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998914,0.00005739271,0.0004272867,0.0002200575,0.0002249726,0.000156301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987842,0.00005834381,0.0001314234,0.0001969346,0.0007258655,0.000103165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021673,0.00005357828,0.0002298093,0.00009412424,0.00002372478,3.294191e-7,0.0008946267,0.003454952,0.985601,0.007571439,0.001649343,0.0004054093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000542419,0.0001394201,0.00615683,0.000278123,0.00004287246,0.00004198027,0.000260725,0.01824503,0.9720669,0.001218498,0.0007064978,0.0003006466],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9544211,0.0001419667,0.03478226,0.000679112,0.001266721,0.0003823956,0.00007467471,0.000315395,0.007936383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986714,0.00009277896,0.0004527267,0.00008008794,0.0001863752,0.00005672444,0.0003019362,0.00002401148,0.00013402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04425025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7880051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120302377","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507259","title":"Comparing detection performance of polarization and spatial diversity for indoor GNSS applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Multipath propagation; GNSS applications; Antenna diversity; Fading; Diversity gain; GPS signals; Global Positioning System; Diversity scheme; Multipath mitigation; Diversity combining; Computer science; Remote sensing; Polarization (electrochemistry); SIGNAL (programming language); Electronic engineering; Telecommunications; Antenna (radio); Geography; Assisted GPS; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01460325322943037,"gpt":0.2531110781417238,"spread":0.2385078249122934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005230028,0.0001308666,0.000155396,0.000211517,0.0008983783,0.0001344336,0.0003532345,0.0001383238,0.00000180713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001716991,0.0001479149,0.00002962306,0.0005564396,0.0001410424,0.0008866102,0.0002122182,0.0002124318,0.000003272766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004527956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005629682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001482195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008894096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987466,0.0000922798,0.0003632056,0.0003420548,0.0002913925,0.0001644225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981856,0.0001407182,0.0002729863,0.0004403991,0.0008505001,0.0001097347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001401409,0.0002599827,0.08405327,0.0004108999,0.00004069901,1.388475e-7,0.001765552,0.001427247,0.8054522,0.02747903,0.00004492348,0.07892587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001024051,0.0001606754,0.1389606,0.00007103057,0.00002396084,0.00002534183,0.00003850981,0.675719,0.1826756,0.0007013659,0.0003505848,0.0002493059],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4601511,0.00002183895,0.5385977,0.0004560058,0.0001402877,0.0005253046,0.000004456613,0.00006270266,0.00004054348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961459,0.00007249784,0.003269757,0.00005387336,0.00011747,0.0001721813,0.0001214168,0.00001066422,0.00003622609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6742917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.690969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049197770","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507258","title":"Improving carrier phase reacquisition using advanced receiver architectures","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"GNSS applications; Computer science; Lock (firearm); Process (computing); Carrier recovery; Phase (matter); Real-time computing; Tracking (education); Demodulation; Engineering; Telecommunications; Global Positioning System","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006268962595086085,"gpt":0.2478853862774038,"spread":0.2416164236823177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001733115,0.0002291598,0.000160334,0.0001862521,0.0003225731,0.0001425687,0.00009183525,0.0001738958,0.00003994952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000152107,0.0002502401,0.00004647612,0.0002896644,0.00009035019,0.0004376612,0.00001121271,0.0003315901,0.00002053968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008556603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003626905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004910745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008446055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988136,0.00005103244,0.000370613,0.0003188669,0.0002127901,0.0002331026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991356,0.00003625669,0.0001108733,0.0002442384,0.0003236987,0.000149309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003643474,0.00004916426,0.00006336359,0.00007690804,0.00001432105,0.00000114343,0.00065726,0.01034598,0.9818497,0.0003564386,0.0001697934,0.006379514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001527109,0.0001575996,0.001140261,0.0002791239,0.00007001884,0.0002141995,0.000122407,0.2354485,0.7596753,0.0004119584,0.0004204345,0.000533005],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9443862,0.00007980071,0.05264289,0.0001606096,0.001319615,0.0002803649,0.00006120703,0.0003865544,0.0006827979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978771,0.00002512578,0.001167544,0.0001299282,0.0002961388,0.00004299369,0.0003787597,0.00003274645,0.00004972688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2251026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147700813","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507199","title":"Benefit of partial L2C availability to estimate ionospheric delay for dual-frequency GPS ambiguity resolution","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Ambiguity resolution; Pseudorange; Computer science; Zenith; GNSS applications; Kalman filter; Group delay and phase delay; Ionosphere; Geodesy; Precise Point Positioning; Remote sensing; Code (set theory); GPS signals; Satellite; Algorithm; Telecommunications; Physics; Assisted GPS; Geology; Bandwidth (computing); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008970370160667113,"gpt":0.2584681517343522,"spread":0.2494977815736851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003652502,0.0002047914,0.000206383,0.00009154336,0.0002291207,0.0000765623,0.0001017746,0.0001835112,0.00002986981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004664983,0.0002283175,0.0000613798,0.0003480749,0.00008478275,0.0003998739,0.00001413137,0.0001746857,0.00003212433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009394554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004036767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001124376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005568092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985985,0.00003639304,0.0005826608,0.0003363063,0.0002086235,0.0002374931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986237,0.00006466711,0.0001301299,0.0003118751,0.0007046421,0.0001650383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006825238,0.0001325354,0.002162416,0.0002759278,0.00002860354,3.790728e-7,0.0009121772,0.03347962,0.9498039,0.01078982,0.001144527,0.001201813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001142178,0.0004878004,0.04354968,0.0004197473,0.0001152594,0.0000708597,0.00006088246,0.1933674,0.7539501,0.004950301,0.001193461,0.0006923216],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8645414,0.00003698603,0.132376,0.000618729,0.001080999,0.0005489606,0.00007439843,0.0002310938,0.0004914679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947346,0.00001897355,0.004331192,0.00006810921,0.0001929254,0.000203975,0.0003381857,0.00002817232,0.00008383725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1958539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9310519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156580342","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507201","title":"Multipath adaptive filtering in GNSS/RTK-based machine automation applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; LG Display","keywords":"GNSS applications; Automation; GNSS augmentation; Computer science; Multipath propagation; Global Positioning System; Real-time computing; Systems engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00647341109636763,"gpt":0.2219095753919282,"spread":0.2154361642955606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002187576,0.0002183369,0.0001619843,0.0002814266,0.0001977766,0.0001134658,0.0001152673,0.0001726489,0.00002873509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009052633,0.000248997,0.00003781657,0.0004744467,0.00006870754,0.0004852658,0.00001023611,0.0003312104,0.00006400761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001088984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003817742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007466748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006552248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987843,0.0000531947,0.0004463099,0.0003086816,0.0001976364,0.0002099012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992309,0.00006424879,0.00009909648,0.0002527355,0.0002400758,0.0001129453],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000349378,0.0001606787,0.0012511,0.0001731475,0.000016876,0.000001421965,0.0009346886,0.06687302,0.9214802,0.004829952,0.0002475719,0.003996371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000871396,0.00007272227,0.01304751,0.0002689234,0.00002172289,0.00003099143,0.00006766767,0.7783942,0.2058457,0.0004560136,0.000537466,0.0003857152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4715024,0.0000891458,0.5235424,0.0005594252,0.0007314534,0.0008138924,0.00006694774,0.0007505738,0.00194373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959909,0.00002611375,0.002665445,0.0001188938,0.0001463462,0.0004135072,0.0005626931,0.00003410904,0.00004193463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7156345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018532493","doi":"10.1109/plans.2010.5507254","title":"A repeater-based localization system with wideband signalling","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Repeater (horology); Computer science; Calibration; Estimator; Radio repeater; Scheme (mathematics); Electronic engineering; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Transmitter; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004139840787056587,"gpt":0.1909893288327385,"spread":0.1868494880456819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002125549,0.0002460967,0.0001864946,0.0002456302,0.000320548,0.0001669396,0.0001083673,0.0002484265,0.0000155094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009768786,0.0002302822,0.00003270544,0.0006122025,0.000115082,0.0004010762,0.000007206567,0.0002223975,0.00002568566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009701589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004711841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002537968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000245598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987224,0.00004070956,0.0004144419,0.0003123548,0.0002888985,0.0002211596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990058,0.00004207767,0.0001151339,0.0002685965,0.0004672617,0.0001011416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001095379,0.00008018137,0.002936225,0.0008884735,0.00006939578,0.00001327854,0.0008866732,0.4492194,0.5297092,0.01387212,0.0007742871,0.001441193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008901593,0.00009492273,0.0003754512,0.0003154618,0.0000511787,0.00007928916,0.0002316094,0.4319455,0.5647979,0.000092986,0.0007425845,0.0003829474],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1833416,0.00004811275,0.8132378,0.0002988567,0.0005713812,0.0004008376,0.00001196829,0.001475463,0.000614039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983975,0.0000220397,0.0007656624,0.0001348993,0.0001465791,0.00009504177,0.0003429973,0.00005116929,0.00004412765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8150559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9390637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}