{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":53,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":53,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"e595654d4881","filters":{"venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education"}},"results":[{"id":"W2020858880","doi":"10.1287/ited.1.2.51","title":"Causes of the Decline of the Business School Management Science Course","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Business management; Computer science; Root (linguistics); Course (navigation); Management science; Engineering ethics; Business; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06751861823834937,"gpt":0.3915149675446937,"spread":0.3239963493063443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001283655,0.00009157807,0.0001438742,0.0003333664,0.0004312916,0.000122543,0.001271769,0.00003088221,0.0003287882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000397112,0.00004319311,0.0001216397,0.004281144,0.0003196846,0.0005014189,0.00003575887,0.00009735626,0.00004263362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000703668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005994467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001966423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002376619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971541,0.00003387849,0.0007296827,0.0002022515,0.00174129,0.0001388008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997191,0.0001896235,0.0004470872,0.001151516,0.0009644973,0.00005629786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001319911,0.001496518,0.03284149,0.000050929,0.0000510539,3.699053e-7,0.001904494,0.04480997,0.001595018,0.022779,0.009013792,0.8853254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000229845,0.00002120271,0.9436161,0.0001714025,0.00002672491,0.0000187505,0.004094211,0.0006891139,0.001734497,0.0114339,0.03786758,0.00009668691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8916844,0.0001353728,0.07972471,0.003116071,0.005093684,0.0008606574,0.0000148985,0.00002238655,0.01934788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928887,0.00001091541,0.0003713284,0.0002635302,0.00002987803,0.00001994686,1.304847e-7,0.000004145081,0.006411442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9107746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997474088","doi":"10.1287/ited.1.1.18","title":"Teaching Business Statistics with Microsoft Excel","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Innovations in Educational Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Business statistics; Microsoft excel; Computer science; Course (navigation); Microsoft Office; Work (physics); Data science; Statistics; World Wide Web; Mathematics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01498460071375556,"gpt":0.3534812132298993,"spread":0.3384966125161438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005278398,0.0001251622,0.00009465395,0.0002439941,0.001304744,0.0001321098,0.0001899543,0.00008949471,0.002280522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008329232,0.000115534,0.00002218499,0.000847394,0.0002075146,0.0006935618,5.997932e-7,0.0002855085,0.0002348055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003278227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001733715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002942884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005503386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988867,0.00007951422,0.0002599463,0.0001730287,0.0003589606,0.0002418321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989285,0.0001956394,0.00008247662,0.0002338961,0.0004782608,0.00008123287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003049565,0.0004589816,0.0001289908,0.00001419414,0.00001484971,1.196659e-7,0.01106895,0.000720026,0.00002237438,0.03721161,0.00120068,0.9491287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003211405,0.00008469176,0.02074889,0.0001079073,0.00004726072,0.00001331011,0.0137594,0.00005677673,0.0002326296,0.01044034,0.9537216,0.0004660357],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1425689,0.00001992001,0.5997121,0.008133722,0.002777062,0.0007561538,0.00007509438,0.0002713116,0.2456856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6457385,0.00006291294,0.2838505,0.001710338,0.0006776233,0.0002598899,0.00009827245,0.00003394838,0.06756803],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9525209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027823098","doi":"10.1287/ited.2013.0108","title":"Lessons Learned from Implementing Web-Based Simulations to Teach Operations Management Concepts","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Management and Marketing Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Curriculum; Experiential learning; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02607449540403731,"gpt":0.3083775530447606,"spread":0.2823030576407233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002845137,0.0002645093,0.0001622091,0.0008942017,0.0008337731,0.0009195317,0.000305332,0.00007398081,0.005865484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005047115,0.0002670189,0.0001000306,0.0009058329,0.00002904124,0.001959357,0.00002011567,0.0001788329,0.002343217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000161414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001173392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002429692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008996153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983027,0.00001713538,0.0004913054,0.0004301358,0.0003483155,0.0004104365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989119,0.00007745428,0.0001401135,0.0005086643,0.0003094616,0.00005243991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004240403,0.001203861,0.001322741,0.0001593022,0.0001343388,2.671689e-7,0.0005117913,0.06329062,0.001006683,0.01683469,0.04257528,0.872918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001651555,0.00003984905,0.04291252,0.0002433006,0.0003249848,2.704913e-7,0.007449809,0.09944896,0.0003814432,0.004764114,0.8417443,0.001038888],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6134111,0.00001689887,0.1788066,0.06196265,0.003735131,0.00499874,0.00006518656,0.001069447,0.1359343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792278,0.000005659772,0.005259221,0.007824148,0.0004815008,0.001008581,0.0006612369,0.00004057915,0.005491232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8718792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737757977","doi":"10.1287/ited.2017.0174","title":"Game—The Online Wood Supply Game","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Computer science; Supply and demand; Context (archaeology); Adaptation (eye); Simplicity; Business; Marketing; Microeconomics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1248548114082424,"gpt":0.4274075476761319,"spread":0.3025527362678895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001062497,0.0001723234,0.0002240535,0.0003640002,0.001120294,0.001573339,0.001507666,0.00008939032,0.001250165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006446984,0.00009999963,0.0002145915,0.0003428513,0.0001412507,0.001155113,0.00001590834,0.0002840866,0.001405357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008157113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003309871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003318396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006609482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973601,0.00004872833,0.0007898293,0.000347754,0.001206751,0.000246821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960411,0.0006259133,0.0005270225,0.002196837,0.0004739358,0.0001352408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000381123,0.0002865375,0.0005675969,0.000003310507,0.00001446029,5.058286e-7,0.001469002,0.000980356,0.00003686045,0.002992944,0.007809016,0.9858013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005618776,0.0001385464,0.2247357,0.0001125947,0.00002388249,0.00006257043,0.006227938,0.004828661,0.0002128333,0.05512665,0.7076266,0.0003421195],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6534323,0.0003140791,0.2831285,0.01019004,0.01137604,0.001121419,0.0001474764,0.0001651633,0.04012498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731287,0.00001015053,0.0005461826,0.0006257917,0.0002829566,0.00005308371,0.000005017929,0.00001250842,0.02533559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9854592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049668503","doi":"10.1287/ited.2.2.27","title":"Graphical Spreadsheet Simulation of Queues","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Gantt chart; Queue; Queueing theory; Graph; Service (business); Queue management system; Fork–join queue; Callback; Real-time computing; Operations research; Theoretical computer science; Computer network; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08833992769319732,"gpt":0.402821534329423,"spread":0.3144816066362257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003876765,0.0001158408,0.0001611248,0.0006170195,0.0001719299,0.00007710385,0.0002974547,0.0001124837,0.002510141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000187157,0.00009218146,0.0001475881,0.001252642,0.00008559394,0.000576776,0.000002587939,0.0001356186,0.0003229353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000427122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004411904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003840488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001108863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981905,0.00003255016,0.0007266954,0.0002364718,0.0006867716,0.0001270679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997972,0.0006149241,0.0002419683,0.0005963613,0.0004883078,0.00008642807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001643568,0.0006636102,0.0004662346,0.000005026525,0.00001034853,3.552298e-8,0.0007930294,0.114317,0.0001785354,0.007507049,0.001690578,0.8743522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007127761,0.000445894,0.02491766,0.00007914368,0.00006044319,0.000008381844,0.002154548,0.6592023,0.01448143,0.1223082,0.1749841,0.0006451691],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1163127,0.00003879882,0.8562626,0.001479634,0.0004095681,0.0005514384,0.00003428865,0.0001859141,0.02472508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956818,0.00002409009,0.001578247,0.0002410951,0.00004298491,0.00008012853,0.000008619132,0.000009367535,0.002333655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8793691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142819178","doi":"10.1287/ited.2013.0119","title":"The Appointment Scheduling Game","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Scheduling (production processes); Operations research; Health care; Markov decision process; Operations management; Markov process; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02831239539112205,"gpt":0.3882065085429044,"spread":0.3598941131517823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009268915,0.0001260296,0.0001091073,0.0001195172,0.002678855,0.00005559299,0.0001357478,0.0001449779,0.0002251394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001502601,0.00008497067,0.00005661277,0.0002816636,0.00004115838,0.0002641079,0.000002439561,0.000535966,0.0007823455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002664083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008131753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001571149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001900013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985702,0.0001788113,0.0005396695,0.0001675391,0.0002124244,0.0003313665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985438,0.0004376377,0.0001459423,0.0004047859,0.0003346124,0.0001332371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005436929,0.0001996899,0.0003120404,0.00006537302,0.00002344811,2.995343e-8,0.004623677,0.04370605,0.00003536308,0.04083732,0.0006063426,0.9095363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001359248,0.0004716032,0.008097707,0.0004649124,0.00005560887,0.000005007579,0.0202802,0.1567204,0.0003065029,0.004985733,0.8066617,0.000591398],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0714578,0.00004771299,0.8867469,0.01479938,0.003521442,0.001197056,0.000005594239,0.0002027877,0.02202128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837522,0.0001537764,0.007099673,0.002708954,0.0003226351,0.0007305188,0.00003630146,0.00002178229,0.005174196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9122944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132284017","doi":"10.1287/ited.1120.0090","title":"An Educational Game in Collaborative Logistics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Quality and Supply Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Negotiation; Computer science; Profit (economics); Game theory; Game Developer; Non-cooperative game; Sequential game; Screening game; Cooperative game theory; Simulations and games in economics education; Operations research; Game design; Knowledge management; Microeconomics; Economics; Multimedia; Sociology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01412953541598507,"gpt":0.2709323035924229,"spread":0.2568027681764379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001560271,0.0001230011,0.000096325,0.0004764299,0.0001185849,0.0003343313,0.0001580754,0.0000593118,0.002610463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002676708,0.0001164584,0.00002975607,0.000677643,0.00004704157,0.002904614,0.000002513193,0.0001376836,0.001688609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001078174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001585802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001809248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005897719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999177,0.000008318177,0.0002832065,0.0001682226,0.0001888492,0.0001744113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993821,0.0000362226,0.00009346758,0.0002247492,0.0002443511,0.00001909265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009238548,0.006140435,0.006297784,0.000333095,0.00005628588,5.553883e-7,0.002934672,0.0470501,0.0001265438,0.3856717,0.01695872,0.5343378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001616092,0.0001589134,0.4485925,0.0001804462,0.00008650109,0.000002461171,0.03156419,0.03609687,0.000159841,0.1965272,0.2836823,0.001332754],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6049895,0.00005012306,0.1617887,0.03823355,0.004648388,0.00341211,0.00002601637,0.0003337416,0.186518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935358,0.000008212331,0.0005210699,0.003767329,0.0003103706,0.0004225833,0.0001303495,0.00001114703,0.001293131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.533005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112579031","doi":"10.1287/ited.2019.0240","title":"Monte Carlo Enhancement via Simulation Decomposition: A “Must-Have” Inclusion for Many Disciplines","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Decomposition; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Management science; Inclusion (mineral); Mathematical optimization; Industrial engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01955218254301623,"gpt":0.3240020701830915,"spread":0.3044498876400752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001120044,0.0001857166,0.0001528681,0.0001514725,0.0002950361,0.0000499265,0.0001141579,0.00009844402,0.00006981386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001707864,0.0001829113,0.0001062979,0.0002312246,0.00001122973,0.0004368162,0.00000605781,0.0001444658,0.00002044815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001589551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000378562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008612876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004459251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990647,0.00001107836,0.0003800802,0.0001688858,0.0001953532,0.0001798541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994034,0.0001151449,0.00004449591,0.0001811552,0.0001205747,0.000135204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004548538,0.00004977413,0.00000730441,0.0001174659,0.00002224749,5.797681e-8,0.001819971,0.9200375,0.001033796,0.00001681865,0.00006683675,0.07678273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004370803,0.0001101041,0.0001981928,0.00003985135,0.00002608454,7.072318e-7,0.0001696525,0.9837063,0.006577477,0.0001399651,0.00838619,0.0002083735],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1243392,0.00005967119,0.8733186,0.0005568694,0.0006526958,0.0005151017,0.00001556532,0.0002799163,0.00026245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9730037,0.00002733488,0.02602067,0.0001738939,0.0002321351,0.000270734,0.0000487617,0.00003560406,0.0001871728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8486645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7458906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987492098","doi":"10.1287/ited.1100.0049","title":"An In-Class Competition Introducing Inventory Management Concepts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Newsvendor model; Competition (biology); Economic shortage; Computer science; Class (philosophy); Inventory management; Process (computing); Inventory theory; Concept inventory; Subject (documents); Operations research; Inventory control; Operations management; Economics; Marketing; Business; Supply chain; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008093644898608445,"gpt":0.271538651769697,"spread":0.2634450068710886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002393915,0.0001177783,0.00008837935,0.0003737997,0.0001633943,0.0001741019,0.0004207343,0.0000621764,0.00006977899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003741686,0.0001166135,0.00003767719,0.0004030711,0.00003091341,0.001260711,0.000006466926,0.0003035645,0.00007109452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001036593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000997754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001285947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002077136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990491,0.00001861008,0.0002545801,0.000282681,0.000187619,0.0002074504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991916,0.00002125129,0.00006804574,0.0005671099,0.00005984403,0.00009216774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007782278,0.0006164962,0.0005479297,0.00003050286,0.00001205668,0.000001087202,0.003935388,0.01099999,0.001210097,0.100697,0.000108262,0.8818334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003179188,0.0008032257,0.1877154,0.0005531466,0.00005551214,0.0001155266,0.007880062,0.6739928,0.02055974,0.01992479,0.08304096,0.002179594],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3894835,0.000006325119,0.594735,0.0007536507,0.004065356,0.0002637702,8.647858e-7,0.0002024661,0.01048907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783716,0.000007502012,0.02080217,0.0004992118,0.0001316287,0.00005369831,0.00001007059,0.000007957425,0.0001161409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8796539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.475536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108105895","doi":"10.1287/ited.1100.0045","title":"The Mexico-China Sourcing Game: Teaching Global Dual Sourcing","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Dual (grammatical number); China; Crowd sourcing; Strategic sourcing; Experiential learning; Computer science; Business; Marketing; Strategic planning; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005547877097797692,"gpt":0.2342319341229694,"spread":0.2286840570251717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006041204,0.0001534576,0.00009391287,0.0001458062,0.001315271,0.0006385492,0.0001760832,0.00008697814,0.0002296708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005487952,0.0001198057,0.00007163743,0.0002292569,0.00005433308,0.001187428,0.000007116267,0.0004908632,0.0004682794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001449515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001741125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003561972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003069287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990402,0.000004833732,0.0003604322,0.0001621154,0.0001815741,0.0002508025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994136,0.00003201248,0.0001985899,0.0002311037,0.0001073551,0.00001731775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003176091,0.0002495575,0.002474095,0.00003228715,0.00005794067,2.103617e-7,0.00175375,0.001150336,0.000130419,0.1515597,0.004732015,0.8378279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006775886,0.0000128773,0.08668141,0.00005294283,0.00005399675,0.00002117817,0.007881369,0.005976947,0.0002184943,0.011289,0.8865334,0.0006007911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8372807,0.000006602965,0.03510873,0.01020906,0.006780841,0.0003459319,0.000002424427,0.0002374169,0.1100283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934694,0.000002274453,0.0004923552,0.003686141,0.0006805382,0.00005801641,0.00002230269,0.00001501271,0.001573998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8818014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382658182","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0286","title":"Introducing Prescriptive and Predictive Analytics to MBA Students with Microsoft Excel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Analytics; Business analytics; Data science; Microsoft excel; Python (programming language); Predictive analytics; Business intelligence; Pipeline (software); Big data; Software engineering; Knowledge management; Business model; Management; Programming language; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01079268245515444,"gpt":0.2657964726647238,"spread":0.2550037902095693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001601864,0.0001304487,0.000105736,0.0003768727,0.0002463587,0.0002888032,0.000332602,0.00003824666,0.000004956491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001387079,0.000107924,0.00002420484,0.00103209,0.00002516103,0.0006920801,0.00002114245,0.0001405359,0.00005076924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000130525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009119517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002482181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989929,0.00001083028,0.000178179,0.0003195455,0.0002722897,0.0002262705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992886,0.0000543043,0.00005245079,0.0003473578,0.0001314272,0.0001258573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001329525,0.0006651339,0.008650071,0.00007601125,0.0002413817,0.000003401343,0.06787894,0.2113241,0.0006636169,0.001033824,0.003557992,0.7057726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001697143,0.002291963,0.7431772,0.0006555146,0.0001395829,0.00007800727,0.01343796,0.2161476,0.008875418,0.001254952,0.01096551,0.001279134],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3110219,0.000008553709,0.6868442,0.0006766063,0.0005846222,0.0002712105,0.000005065645,0.0001854063,0.0004024555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985562,0.00001725756,0.01320129,0.0003881914,0.00007929352,0.00006545609,0.000007177469,0.00001119797,0.0006681273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7345271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4401012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200010478","doi":"10.1287/ited.2021.0256","title":"Introducing and Integrating Machine Learning in an Operations Research Curriculum: An Application-Driven Course","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Computer science; Curriculum; Popularity; Artificial intelligence; Analytics; Learning to learn; Mathematics education; Machine learning; Data science; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05187039857945313,"gpt":0.3701565385443961,"spread":0.318286139964943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007565492,0.0001356156,0.000111757,0.0009183231,0.0007002738,0.000536413,0.0002247015,0.00007954981,0.00009541927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007789553,0.0001234134,0.00001922526,0.002055869,0.00007407173,0.004148165,0.00001334758,0.0005133926,0.0002359551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006409214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001209196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006592108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01227564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988163,0.00002312546,0.0002992827,0.0003427639,0.0002561412,0.0002624192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991974,0.00003927866,0.00005003535,0.0002940901,0.0003901725,0.00002900623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002238521,0.0008148312,0.02836934,0.0001139569,0.000009464285,6.267892e-7,0.001729622,0.1091415,0.001424778,0.01661826,0.0001453243,0.8416099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000179613,0.00004749392,0.02522231,0.0001086747,0.00001735442,0.000003653849,0.01173373,0.9546229,0.0001214326,0.0007750802,0.006897524,0.0002701748],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638441,0.00002487856,0.03254568,0.00160211,0.0003980868,0.0005232537,0.000007048592,0.0002794878,0.0007753149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975283,0.00005246726,0.0007098588,0.000183282,0.0003883305,0.000273744,0.0006445085,0.00002122883,0.0001982914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8454814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884257008","doi":"10.1287/ited.2018.0197","title":"Online Teaching in a Large, Required, Undergraduate Management Science Course","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Innovations in Educational Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Online course; Computer science; Procrastination; Value (mathematics); Mathematics education; Online teaching; Course evaluation; Online learning; Multimedia; Medical education; Higher education; Psychology; Engineering; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02914353387648977,"gpt":0.4306404725534062,"spread":0.4014969386769164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002530985,0.0001127606,0.00008946847,0.0008817666,0.001652059,0.0001300975,0.0003898045,0.00006859086,0.0001257471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001677394,0.0001172085,0.00003420159,0.00228213,0.0006307416,0.001199355,0.00000559912,0.0002820422,0.0001008017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009139219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001482114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005133421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003006056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983036,0.00008439871,0.0003499774,0.0002656128,0.0005847103,0.0004116952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990917,0.0000865566,0.0001137756,0.0003283051,0.0002856195,0.00009400676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000144082,0.00213137,0.0004546778,0.00001095182,0.00001208694,1.966e-7,0.01366118,0.0000874418,0.0000300196,0.4945227,0.0005237271,0.4885513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001141175,0.0002711691,0.1403549,0.0004690966,0.00007333049,0.000008799546,0.1764823,0.001078303,0.0006899172,0.1220841,0.5563974,0.0009494784],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3909469,0.00002212657,0.172553,0.02398181,0.01146377,0.001336444,0.00003181097,0.0002691904,0.3993949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9282383,0.00002884064,0.0647456,0.001035775,0.000408832,0.0001098705,0.00001701182,0.00001083981,0.005404944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5558737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175093175","doi":"10.1287/ited.2015.0144","title":"Game—The Hotel Game: Pricing Simulations with Opaque and Transparent Channels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Competitor analysis; Pricing strategies; Computer science; Product (mathematics); Game theory; Video game; Sequential game; Game Developer; Marketing; Business; Microeconomics; Game design; Multimedia; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03685986267437191,"gpt":0.2655924280503014,"spread":0.2287325653759295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001854593,0.0001575132,0.0001140697,0.0002700771,0.0002318563,0.0003029673,0.0001072567,0.00004837057,0.00007808099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001376988,0.0001093367,0.00003450279,0.0004977286,0.00005777851,0.001237344,0.000003152518,0.0001825782,0.00003284664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004917509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001218334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007240172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000365097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992088,0.000006910124,0.0002170085,0.0001668248,0.000218942,0.0001814828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994096,0.0000560102,0.00009989108,0.0002135378,0.0001885063,0.00003245844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003272911,0.0006705798,0.02747404,0.0002310143,0.00008550443,0.000001492545,0.007058114,0.06458846,0.00009022565,0.00149365,0.0003308626,0.8976488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007311771,0.0004127572,0.5207577,0.001389579,0.002108048,0.0001501439,0.02784067,0.1102137,0.001094617,0.006646581,0.3188894,0.003184957],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9079583,0.00007985003,0.08198239,0.001931476,0.0009731431,0.0007127028,0.000005268945,0.0001543695,0.00620248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998486,0.00001070218,0.0001007139,0.0007257395,0.0001952427,0.00007454301,0.00002896198,0.00001923811,0.0003588332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8944638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.445862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012355208","doi":"10.1287/ited.2019.0226","title":"An Educational Game with <i>Dragons’ Den</i> Experiences for Supply Chain Management Training","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Management and Marketing Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Supply chain; Game Developer; Game design; Supply chain management; Game design document; Knowledge management; Training (meteorology); Business; Computer science; Win-win game; Engineering management; Multimedia; Marketing; Engineering; Sociology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01752855189006294,"gpt":0.2476238850955544,"spread":0.2300953332054915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002381337,0.0002242935,0.0001446787,0.000341195,0.0003530418,0.0004167782,0.0002866277,0.00005107853,0.0006279408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002389517,0.0002013542,0.00007029555,0.0006005757,0.00005182416,0.002135017,0.000004314951,0.0001070297,0.00008733934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005973545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001535004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006148663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004036786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987388,0.000007353169,0.0003040875,0.0003733512,0.0002866802,0.000289696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992977,0.00004953831,0.0001940801,0.0002373488,0.0001666917,0.00005462168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009763011,0.001928015,0.001357247,0.001256308,0.0002115794,6.524883e-7,0.03314015,0.003780142,0.0001197935,0.06897255,0.01805056,0.8702067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00300973,0.0005504024,0.02121961,0.0004193794,0.000609995,0.000007215306,0.2714868,0.02129613,0.0003882448,0.005783048,0.6733222,0.001907238],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5835649,0.00005792866,0.2823088,0.04465115,0.003966431,0.00453217,0.00001791256,0.0007581561,0.0801425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837656,0.000008811076,0.004113228,0.007436185,0.001141372,0.002038987,0.0002655775,0.00003559386,0.001194631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8682995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8210985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016505055","doi":"10.1287/ited.2019.0223","title":"Game—The Transportation Game","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Purchasing; Computer science; Supply chain; Procurement; Game theory; Game Developer; Supply chain management; Sequential game; Operations research; Resource (disambiguation); Business; Game design; Marketing; Microeconomics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1252791624071036,"gpt":0.3865897086891981,"spread":0.2613105462820945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005270672,0.0001489985,0.0001890151,0.0002182166,0.0002415115,0.0003606418,0.0005435323,0.00006977527,0.001322572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001872809,0.00009040593,0.0001966389,0.001285609,0.00005479829,0.0006716344,0.000001612097,0.0002313872,0.001656085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004728748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002269148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008429774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001117222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974412,0.00005332104,0.0008397072,0.0003319937,0.001154037,0.0001796821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981887,0.0005365417,0.0002523906,0.0005112953,0.0003395797,0.0001714387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121279,0.0001623166,0.000402908,0.00001150272,0.00002098217,7.834801e-7,0.01476335,0.01796247,0.000154794,0.008811393,0.01578283,0.9418054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005273406,0.000234027,0.04853138,0.00004922746,0.00003224303,0.00001066467,0.01304528,0.0144182,0.0004867162,0.0260685,0.8962341,0.0003623337],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1111876,0.0001465127,0.870311,0.007575251,0.001874629,0.0005824487,0.0000354331,0.0001388921,0.008148287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937521,0.000004835875,0.0004214711,0.003057963,0.0001862249,0.00006380535,0.000005993465,0.0000118343,0.002495829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9414431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086414271","doi":"10.1287/ited.3.2.55","title":"Solving “Einstein's Riddle” Using Spreadsheet Optimization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Einstein; Computer science; Calculus (dental); Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical physics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01906224562465653,"gpt":0.2539114970722463,"spread":0.2348492514475897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002300395,0.0001870692,0.0001322023,0.0003376057,0.0004528474,0.0003133453,0.0003433595,0.00009216064,0.00009804053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002918747,0.0001812906,0.00008562554,0.0006707599,0.00002419778,0.001700735,0.000005697233,0.0001844406,0.00004637784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000208376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004013726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001086666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007542233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998753,0.00003451252,0.0003370918,0.0003099554,0.0002560705,0.0003094237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990173,0.00005540593,0.0001278028,0.0005354316,0.0001442488,0.000119791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003465487,0.0002300036,0.00008076108,0.00001658654,0.00001818034,4.860134e-7,0.001272554,0.8559403,0.0001328559,0.01071596,0.00006020781,0.1315286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004160987,0.0001028656,0.0003974127,0.000136618,0.00002613644,0.00008386136,0.0005791985,0.9841639,0.006905707,0.001027829,0.005653349,0.0005069794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01758314,0.00003714055,0.9680055,0.00012761,0.002164751,0.0001991274,0.000001147013,0.0002341763,0.01164746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7613861,0.00001449474,0.2379332,0.0003322098,0.0000613099,0.00001979564,0.000004648882,0.00001597929,0.0002322771],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.743803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7392814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065705816","doi":"10.1287/ited.1.1.47","title":"Let's Put the Squares in Least-Squares","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Simple linear regression; Computer science; Least-squares function approximation; Simple (philosophy); Linear regression; Cover (algebra); Regression; Line (geometry); Total least squares; Partial least squares regression; Regression analysis; Statistics; Algorithm; Mathematics; Machine learning; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08265043099505216,"gpt":0.3948629576359808,"spread":0.3122125266409287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003893238,0.0001377128,0.0001300152,0.000193406,0.000191591,0.00007060765,0.0001874884,0.00007772997,0.002384197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002459155,0.00009677315,0.00006348665,0.0003312599,0.00007943335,0.0002073744,0.000001049128,0.0002462398,0.0002871782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001116736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002784212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000208827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002596698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990758,0.00008171369,0.0003063915,0.0001484606,0.0001897159,0.0001979717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985177,0.0009261512,0.00007115457,0.0003614184,0.00007265448,0.00005090491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004541663,0.0004798354,0.00009310601,0.00003840938,0.00001437617,1.857016e-7,0.00620082,0.0005463862,0.00001230813,0.01716858,0.01032205,0.9650785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001102502,0.0002990364,0.03334912,0.0002453204,0.0001130322,0.00005685391,0.03821517,0.0006482303,0.003249764,0.3742544,0.5476672,0.0007993264],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5613265,0.0002834883,0.3020109,0.02521145,0.006716003,0.002515363,0.0001416605,0.000611953,0.1011827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9494482,0.0002058941,0.02210109,0.001073348,0.000140098,0.000452772,0.00002435734,0.00002786019,0.02652634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9642792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097821369","doi":"10.1287/ited.2013.0104","title":"Deal or No Deal: A Spreadsheet Game to Introduce Decision Making Under Uncertainty","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematical economics; Operations research; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01609205023618361,"gpt":0.2885203576149293,"spread":0.2724283073787457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002171706,0.0002479971,0.000190095,0.0004325214,0.0003142802,0.0005494202,0.0007369725,0.0001076674,0.0004413818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004311278,0.0001926518,0.00009233099,0.0008623709,0.00002470607,0.00146348,0.00002763147,0.0002558261,0.001697284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003368984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004421766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006770454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001627491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981773,0.00002527986,0.0004620161,0.0004830179,0.0003938205,0.0004585187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983304,0.0002261704,0.0001099274,0.0007575569,0.0003491252,0.0002268508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004129055,0.0001931203,0.00003749663,0.00001227247,0.00001761289,3.768432e-7,0.001528364,0.07462051,0.00009946283,0.001632399,0.002903192,0.9189139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002372499,0.002637516,0.08178945,0.001713195,0.00009279181,0.000326075,0.003623693,0.7345861,0.002644214,0.023872,0.1431297,0.003212718],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.151237,0.000007481212,0.8428124,0.001534928,0.001843647,0.0004925739,0.000002190916,0.0002718991,0.001797834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8589372,0.000007459386,0.1372231,0.002850879,0.0002374964,0.000161907,0.000004396738,0.00002012425,0.0005574796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9157012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980875634","doi":"10.1287/ited.2019.0225","title":"Game—Rolling the Dice on Global Supply Chain Sustainability: A Total Cost of Ownership Simulation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Sustainability in Higher Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Dice; Sustainability; Supply chain; Experiential learning; Supply chain management; Debriefing; Reputation; Business; Marketing; Knowledge management; Operations management; Computer science; Engineering; Psychology; Sociology; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02615716086542784,"gpt":0.3519803702097856,"spread":0.3258232093443577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007593828,0.0001654231,0.0001609552,0.0001043691,0.0005401596,0.0001095425,0.0002849632,0.0001508554,0.0001709477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009895846,0.0001351657,0.0001355183,0.001263455,0.0003238225,0.0005777333,0.000003429958,0.0002732027,0.00002953293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001733851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002344209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002095036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002579745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981314,0.0002187808,0.0004419931,0.0002718447,0.0006052327,0.0003307463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978267,0.0006912361,0.0002104186,0.0003457366,0.0007396645,0.0001862256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003924971,0.0008900429,0.004963322,0.000162334,0.00003931204,1.806703e-7,0.1458765,0.5565165,0.000005449446,0.01937236,0.0001222884,0.2716592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001328229,0.001108026,0.1011902,0.0001702103,0.0002228069,0.000002515382,0.7697803,0.02456466,0.000594768,0.02583644,0.07427787,0.0009239609],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8820649,0.00003253458,0.04173429,0.06678537,0.001360418,0.002941983,0.00003819084,0.0001877679,0.004854477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979417,0.000009519386,0.00007611138,0.001062222,0.00031084,0.0002374111,0.0000239127,0.00001146059,0.0003267741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6239038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5511898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2577604813","doi":"10.1287/ited.2016.0164","title":"Student Peer Evaluated Line Balancing Competition","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Management and Marketing Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Laptop; Competition (biology); Computer science; Class (philosophy); Finish line; Experiential learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01982177490039459,"gpt":0.3048108749043551,"spread":0.2849891000039605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006665498,0.0001604094,0.000116593,0.0003544884,0.001021696,0.0009816847,0.0003225449,0.0000621263,0.00107535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001194818,0.0001510486,0.00007206986,0.0001506957,0.00003944815,0.002231041,0.00001157501,0.0001547335,0.0007701679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001090006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007480139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000525302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002089539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988638,0.000006182908,0.0002760521,0.0002127349,0.0004436336,0.0001976039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986327,0.00002159546,0.0003407415,0.0005294742,0.0004574574,0.0000180289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001972809,0.002501003,0.01468678,0.0005068288,0.0001451734,7.246062e-7,0.0009023498,0.002627568,0.000292531,0.03823179,0.02496119,0.9149468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001334472,0.00005464406,0.6184053,0.0003232126,0.0002688653,0.000001835308,0.00323434,0.008562372,0.0002827287,0.003755957,0.3630815,0.0006946979],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5727096,0.00001278102,0.02379887,0.01428254,0.008895244,0.001063533,0.000004145722,0.0003895064,0.3788438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866668,0.00001144556,0.0001798699,0.00138937,0.0009824206,0.0001315015,0.0001399378,0.00002004393,0.01047862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9142521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799331810","doi":"10.1287/ited.2017.0191","title":"A Case-Based Undergraduate Operations Research Course","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Engineering management; Undergraduate research; Medical education; Engineering; Psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05958730738012575,"gpt":0.3662176218778579,"spread":0.3066303144977322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004530537,0.0001167069,0.00008082514,0.0003676657,0.00112694,0.0004025065,0.0003958758,0.0000654029,0.00006376878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001926957,0.0001040784,0.00005296765,0.0009962197,0.0001161812,0.0008187793,0.000007325465,0.0002684715,0.0004147303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001503276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009866253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007187434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998787,0.0000523909,0.0002341007,0.0002779417,0.0003290598,0.0003194947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985482,0.0001050242,0.00002539748,0.0006520953,0.0005372362,0.0001321111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001907173,0.001325262,0.00005719283,0.00002389882,0.00004377419,0.00002096973,0.005379309,0.0340835,0.0001748853,0.05326121,0.003551905,0.902059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007179337,0.0008348022,0.001186163,0.0001285087,0.00002392818,0.0007568538,0.001537267,0.9607663,0.008755312,0.004187454,0.02057021,0.0005352814],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05618564,0.00001053523,0.9319271,0.004934698,0.001363015,0.0002526992,0.000002796465,0.0002076179,0.005115889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673527,0.000003198979,0.03104607,0.0006294828,0.0001788122,0.00008284215,0.000005061436,0.00001056548,0.000691222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9266828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8667625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386396810","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0020","title":"That’s Incorrect and Let Me Tell You Why: A Scalable Assessment to Evaluate Higher Order Thinking Skills","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Grading (engineering); Higher-order thinking; Computer science; Scalability; Critical thinking; Data science; Analytics; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Psychology; Database; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01589931771445249,"gpt":0.3182597238451819,"spread":0.3023604061307295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004724393,0.0001393912,0.0001246791,0.0003969613,0.0003170411,0.0003239337,0.0002802455,0.0000646812,0.00006046164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001866141,0.0001189866,0.00004283525,0.001164691,0.00001992884,0.000676011,0.0000148227,0.0002412792,0.000247442],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001148901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003525316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001434445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002686454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988786,0.00003144421,0.0001963029,0.0002718869,0.0003797884,0.0002419912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992311,0.00008719334,0.00006665902,0.0003574521,0.0001380157,0.0001195519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009925152,0.0006419454,0.002191569,0.00006443698,0.00008543056,0.000001646944,0.008955577,0.082715,0.0001291985,0.005319419,0.009114145,0.8907717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001547445,0.001013246,0.1227037,0.0006820819,0.0001750571,0.00004608744,0.004041189,0.5812892,0.001749758,0.03654115,0.2485523,0.001658861],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1079225,0.00001912893,0.8127891,0.06734919,0.003786356,0.0005059734,0.000007743301,0.0008082467,0.006811746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9363862,0.00006184337,0.03836339,0.00342695,0.000109832,0.0000852787,0.00002327562,0.00002066549,0.02152254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8891128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4852131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390814955","doi":"10.1287/ited.2022.0022","title":"An Interactive Spreadsheet Model for Teaching Classification Using Logistic Regression","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Logistic regression; Context (archaeology); Binary classification; Lift (data mining); Metric (unit); Receiver operating characteristic; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Statistics; Support vector machine; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3403795790240602,"gpt":0.5271602547696113,"spread":0.186780675745551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005711674,0.0001792954,0.0001529275,0.0003819405,0.0002970235,0.0001679844,0.0001350662,0.0001204786,0.000054696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000581814,0.000147115,0.00008715719,0.0001463914,0.00005709771,0.0006744136,0.000001538505,0.0003004684,0.0000165688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003722825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000567743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000317316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001243821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989405,0.00007225398,0.0003689194,0.0002822634,0.0001567817,0.0001793406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980668,0.001213351,0.0001231563,0.0003387896,0.0001725835,0.00008533653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001815688,0.001147831,0.000008319274,0.0005420033,0.000081083,2.410431e-7,0.02018174,0.01064339,0.004830681,0.2316354,0.0060596,0.7246882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001182199,0.00009081231,0.00005396668,0.0002917952,0.0001150403,0.00001142398,0.007070007,0.7973499,0.001521491,0.1915075,0.001665394,0.0002045491],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01549997,0.00002089419,0.9795749,0.0002876716,0.002700957,0.0005432703,0.0001136081,0.0002916128,0.0009671092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6481401,0.00001140046,0.3496641,0.00009317158,0.0001157411,0.0002280299,0.00009188944,0.00002995658,0.0016256],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7867064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5999176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052583011","doi":"10.1287/ited.5.1.37","title":"Simulating NHL Games to Motivate Student Interest in OR/MS","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"League; Computer science; Mathematics education; Monte Carlo method; Simulation; Operations research; Psychology; Statistics; Mathematics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03696708045232003,"gpt":0.3158061938823503,"spread":0.2788391134300302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001464124,0.0001380867,0.0001160033,0.0003847722,0.0001288876,0.0002093679,0.0004365167,0.00004685999,0.00003000055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002120004,0.0001130881,0.00004474369,0.0007095912,0.00001140498,0.0007868988,0.00001487632,0.0001821337,0.00009002302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003007039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000216443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004234466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004666517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989995,0.00001059094,0.0003305403,0.0002551087,0.0001554714,0.0002488008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993486,0.00006240132,0.00006061354,0.0003629363,0.0000603695,0.0001051199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001386997,0.0005034442,0.0004660207,0.00001378929,0.00001107076,0.000001595021,0.01493345,0.3855155,0.0001027256,0.003104831,0.00002366493,0.5953101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008273324,0.003822006,0.7112717,0.004725099,0.00006260682,0.000186549,0.02561105,0.1488409,0.0465949,0.01709424,0.02933718,0.004180494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5094588,0.000004080039,0.4875512,0.0009721379,0.0007497019,0.0001870135,5.043898e-7,0.00009967624,0.0009767711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982228,0.000004011019,0.01655158,0.000933148,0.0000565135,0.00004276406,0.000001528127,0.000009356419,0.0001731351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7108057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4611599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069402848","doi":"10.1287/ited.3.2.42","title":"Stay or Switch: An Organizational Behavior and Management Science Joint Classroom Exercise","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Commit; Experiential learning; Irrational number; Perspective (graphical); Computer science; Organizational behavior; Probabilistic logic; Value (mathematics); Knowledge management; Management science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Mathematics education; Machine learning; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1158033304775352,"gpt":0.3924308286825795,"spread":0.2766274982050443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005279743,0.0001383181,0.0001233313,0.0003851479,0.00038596,0.0001238426,0.0001155471,0.0000537494,0.0008508146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002395771,0.0001116847,0.00002042337,0.0004996818,0.0001439391,0.0004339665,0.000002942907,0.0001084497,0.00003840746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001586381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000554269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001065948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002039534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989423,0.00002980161,0.0002970917,0.0002413194,0.000297404,0.0001920732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990653,0.0001269812,0.0001014685,0.0003181675,0.0002373483,0.0001507093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007701714,0.00340731,0.0008646664,0.0002909685,0.00003761926,0.000001516086,0.00806013,0.00004516223,0.0005538325,0.5670435,0.001988805,0.4176295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003484251,0.001121981,0.13174,0.0005291767,0.001199285,0.0003556323,0.1288843,0.00038025,0.08361352,0.6056665,0.04052082,0.002504378],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.258422,0.00002691906,0.7265065,0.0003073682,0.003432351,0.001603317,0.00005176239,0.0002604203,0.009389374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5113024,0.0002483659,0.4802275,0.000226435,0.00002848901,0.0003988776,0.00002305713,0.00002880862,0.007516068],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4151251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9315823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988175132","doi":"10.1287/ited.1110.0080","title":"Recommendations for an Undergraduate Curriculum at the Interface of Operations Research and Computer Science","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Undergraduate Education","keywords":"Curriculum; Interface (matter); Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Work (physics); Undergraduate research; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Undergraduate education; Order (exchange); Engineering management; Medical education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Engineering; Medicine; Mechanical engineering; Programming language; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04399661379666994,"gpt":0.3694180963995592,"spread":0.3254214826028893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004542863,0.00006157257,0.00004992767,0.0002062811,0.000553522,0.0000672131,0.0001017032,0.00002999657,0.00002519834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001340839,0.00004696513,0.00001612073,0.0004337883,0.0001559941,0.0007150416,0.000003372401,0.0001124905,0.00001056792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001150414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007548962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004539037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006652826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994512,0.00001213846,0.0001613536,0.00008100679,0.0001288812,0.0001654823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999388,0.00006549631,0.00001315679,0.000179826,0.0002730357,0.0000804403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008407738,0.0005108235,0.0001151634,0.00004194881,0.00002599235,2.2669e-9,0.006750281,0.7466276,0.0005169025,0.00510915,0.0009972072,0.2392965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002100627,0.0001715594,0.0005419429,0.00003988645,0.00001428053,0.000007142358,0.003386606,0.9763401,0.01586998,0.0002476136,0.003031855,0.0001389816],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1468121,0.00005641916,0.8503562,0.001059971,0.001035981,0.000324075,0.00001636656,0.00005457737,0.0002843338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9488645,0.00006057419,0.05057664,0.0000372429,0.000065207,0.0001251695,0.00002540647,0.000009612995,0.0002356383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8020524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4257299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293194504","doi":"10.1287/ited.2022.0275","title":"Advising Student-Driven Analytics Projects: A Summary of Experiences and Lessons Learned","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Analytics; Project-based learning; Computer science; Project team; Learning analytics; Work (physics); Engineering management; Knowledge management; Data science; Process management; Engineering; Mathematics education; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04227055705158924,"gpt":0.3283131092313006,"spread":0.2860425521797114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598715,0.00008851217,0.0001060772,0.0002705117,0.0004074092,0.00009596941,0.0003486095,0.00002149962,0.0000243715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006321339,0.00008323615,0.00004279816,0.0005397124,0.00003850137,0.000534366,0.0000286624,0.0001535413,0.000001197614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008164001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002651871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000124021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000105699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991243,0.0000265438,0.0002304099,0.0002021461,0.0002738697,0.0001426812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994622,0.00005573967,0.0001128909,0.0002667859,0.00005374806,0.00004862737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001296461,0.0005235341,0.0009360448,0.0000280902,0.00003650847,6.080546e-7,0.1012257,0.02244934,0.0001543652,0.002437959,0.0001099499,0.8720849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00183949,0.002123384,0.0415953,0.0003425516,0.0001233488,0.0001459281,0.4843559,0.4374451,0.00589927,0.002066634,0.02260017,0.001462917],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7273019,0.00008634431,0.2686209,0.001136021,0.0008912705,0.0002301658,0.000003678415,0.00009518278,0.001634557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924814,0.00002880836,0.007049119,0.0001367788,0.0000193191,0.00008743101,0.000003056472,0.000005306738,0.0001888356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.870622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3394272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108484033","doi":"10.1287/ited.1080.0008","title":"An Interactive Spreadsheet-Based Tool to Support Teaching Design of Experiments","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Factor (programming language); Set (abstract data type); Replication (statistics); Software; Simple (philosophy); Product (mathematics); Programming language; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1407857500569002,"gpt":0.470903571447055,"spread":0.3301178213901549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001458357,0.0002000643,0.0002607646,0.0007944643,0.0002867166,0.00009401622,0.0005524465,0.00008629615,0.0009984225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003316124,0.0001661417,0.0001186255,0.0005621652,0.00008097765,0.001690142,0.000004209149,0.0002172822,0.0003355068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002375044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006136254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001155494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001737228,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973846,0.0002696565,0.0007816158,0.0003921033,0.0009482636,0.0002237417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979435,0.000598278,0.0002376423,0.0007343207,0.0002855759,0.0002006494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001218292,0.003779753,0.0003580237,0.000006194571,0.00003681543,0.000001901041,0.02129327,0.09572184,0.1168647,0.0002987067,0.00159086,0.7588297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007713478,0.003451569,0.005337443,0.00005132045,0.00001754344,0.00002858839,0.009983093,0.008939733,0.9671454,0.0005098155,0.003285654,0.0004785061],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2029302,0.000002900714,0.7918574,0.00007012246,0.0005998618,0.0005497662,0.00001513718,0.00005006566,0.003924515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7219797,6.227373e-7,0.2767842,0.0004553585,0.00002145906,0.000160574,0.00001048964,0.00001479322,0.0005728359],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8502806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793902665","doi":"10.1287/ited.2017.0190","title":"Using Homemade, Short, Fictional Cases for Teaching the Theory of Constraints","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Operations Management Techniques","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"","keywords":"Deliberation; Reuse; Computer science; Advice (programming); Focus (optics); Operations research; Process management; Engineering management; Knowledge management; Business; Engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1365195232101287,"gpt":0.4368118533737699,"spread":0.3002923301636412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002205587,0.0001058706,0.0001195766,0.0004572399,0.0007468356,0.0001530956,0.0003561183,0.00005521119,0.0004881317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000632708,0.00006782112,0.0001108032,0.0003939596,0.0005032271,0.0007497524,0.000004909366,0.0001273963,0.00002317591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007911578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000259617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002881489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003721156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998594,0.00007947581,0.0005285332,0.0001955753,0.0004697926,0.0001325929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976714,0.001165627,0.0001497066,0.0004568066,0.000521297,0.00003518663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005952229,0.0002903287,0.0001444929,0.00000733982,0.00003841253,5.687316e-8,0.001874781,0.0007691496,0.0005152922,0.0802922,0.002431498,0.9135769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00155871,0.003137788,0.02121948,0.0005170237,0.0006224642,0.0003439077,0.1866032,0.05003398,0.09960183,0.4158724,0.2186809,0.00180831],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09340183,0.000007224805,0.8940309,0.0004288857,0.0007744686,0.0006313971,0.00004801255,0.00005454926,0.01062275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803234,0.00000263831,0.01783048,0.0003006833,0.0001317343,0.0001168008,0.00000787086,0.000008776023,0.001277567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9117686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5744131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096791356","doi":"10.1287/ited.1080.0016ca","title":"<b>Case Article</b>—Bidding on Priceline","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Bidding; Business; Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02594881573927569,"gpt":0.2540196892568777,"spread":0.2280708735176021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008404802,0.0001188679,0.0000834866,0.0003550952,0.0004195618,0.0001119428,0.00007136909,0.00005208557,0.0008322959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003245507,0.0001037573,0.0000595272,0.0004527122,0.00002911135,0.001368944,0.000001634907,0.0001535557,0.002074695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005088605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004534273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004964494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000557613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999306,0.000002796178,0.0002244696,0.0001402243,0.0001758768,0.0001506911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995236,0.00002428505,0.000121736,0.0001858619,0.0001250805,0.00001947156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002862021,0.003538088,0.001628867,0.0001766245,0.00007028761,0.00009616047,0.003705261,0.01295754,0.0005069567,0.06840766,0.0136254,0.8950009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001342426,0.0001076884,0.01489824,0.0001226615,0.00008265035,0.0004684405,0.00444777,0.01139273,0.002957304,0.001195546,0.9621915,0.0007930859],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9001856,0.00001122345,0.01124434,0.001172631,0.001108797,0.0002712704,0.000001866118,0.0002974145,0.08570684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926426,0.000008099362,0.0003053888,0.003715971,0.0005605117,0.00004778063,0.00001623609,0.00001549661,0.002687925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9485661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137674832","doi":"10.1287/ited.5.3.19","title":"An Interactive VBA Tool for Teaching Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Process Management Issues","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Visual Basic for Applications; Statistical process control; Computer science; Process (computing); Software; Process capability; Control (management); Quality (philosophy); Graphical user interface; Work in process; Software engineering; Artificial intelligence; Operations management; Engineering; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04289137197470965,"gpt":0.462495766865841,"spread":0.4196043948911313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000449965,0.0001631701,0.0001761818,0.0001849712,0.0002562267,0.0001049449,0.0001105808,0.00006392628,0.0001034532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003683053,0.0001428175,0.00002932903,0.00007094062,0.00006279645,0.0005690225,9.919839e-7,0.0001867003,0.00001091035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001290966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001003966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001433016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990314,0.00005238937,0.0003360293,0.0002272122,0.0001621015,0.0001908187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985682,0.0008285394,0.0001295488,0.000194014,0.0001965314,0.00008319491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002757739,0.001350959,0.00004810694,0.0005300267,0.00009310702,1.282607e-7,0.01756848,0.0003212098,0.00001882139,0.08883864,0.00173386,0.8892209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004208872,0.001262889,0.005159347,0.0004664641,0.0007864637,0.00005101773,0.1422475,0.01822013,0.00514051,0.774585,0.04650287,0.001368905],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03967647,0.00001283812,0.9563804,0.0009379921,0.0004785863,0.001067458,0.0001379894,0.0001233232,0.001184971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7072366,0.00001551409,0.2901433,0.0003926845,0.0001191136,0.0008755258,0.00004646653,0.00002034992,0.001150438],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.887852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5823931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320036011","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0282ca","title":"Case Article—Moneyball for Murderball: Using Analytics to Construct Lineups in Wheelchair Rugby","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto; Concordia University","keywords":"Computer science; Construct (python library); Analytics; Descriptive statistics; Perspective (graphical); Data science; Software; League; Predictive analytics; Data analysis; Regression analysis; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Knowledge management; Data mining; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05757221609130932,"gpt":0.2882774619303005,"spread":0.2307052458389912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003240496,0.0001271899,0.0002086505,0.0008524846,0.0001515406,0.00007308409,0.00009042843,0.0000834087,0.0001150701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002844781,0.000144513,0.00009274048,0.0009732955,0.00002337985,0.0002668843,0.000002819424,0.0001198025,0.0001858129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001867637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001043201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007989787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004726526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988563,0.000001882364,0.0005871886,0.0002379752,0.00003921762,0.0002774046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993975,0.00003909287,0.0001373796,0.0002568458,0.00005893841,0.0001103055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001210457,0.0006849812,0.0333968,0.0001872302,0.0001251974,0.00002902038,0.005923967,0.823011,0.00005880197,0.04684581,0.001379055,0.08823702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009343447,0.0001772949,0.01457033,0.00006979711,0.00002765759,0.0001415877,0.002788722,0.9396471,0.0003182609,0.006927882,0.03380165,0.0005953379],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9321184,0.00002691305,0.06461296,0.0006737178,0.0008673124,0.0004408565,0.0001668847,0.00005316538,0.001039786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968378,0.00005310934,0.00163483,0.0004363846,0.00007799848,0.00008021139,0.00002972276,0.00002079466,0.0008291549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1166361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5893068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024565576","doi":"10.1287/ited.1090.0028ca","title":"<b>Case Article</b>—MotherLand Air: Using Experiential Learning to Teach Revenue Management Concepts","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Reservation; Experiential learning; Revenue management; Revenue; Computer science; Work (physics); Horizon; Operations research; Case teaching; Marketing; Business; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Psychology; Finance; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01579625402705506,"gpt":0.2759329801958877,"spread":0.2601367261688327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002005857,0.00018391,0.000124696,0.0004832511,0.0004538865,0.0002212323,0.0001371709,0.00005188217,0.0004746453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001003883,0.0001834682,0.00008675685,0.0005201022,0.00002366099,0.001082534,0.000007213467,0.0001570946,0.0003903646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001415391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002122048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001351538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002415804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989108,0.000009649092,0.0002968223,0.0002609315,0.0002385924,0.0002831875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995128,0.000007854846,0.0001083934,0.0002576807,0.00007474067,0.00003855025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000249804,0.001287601,0.0003444056,0.0001566294,0.00009001025,0.00006092559,0.004278523,0.04798464,0.0006147596,0.00774061,0.007978097,0.929214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002030004,0.0002333746,0.004451876,0.0003467026,0.0002827774,0.0001253814,0.04275332,0.02006181,0.001169336,0.001882114,0.9254768,0.001186538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9183733,0.00001532343,0.05811618,0.001413763,0.001527839,0.0008976908,0.000002368581,0.0002369739,0.0194166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889892,0.00000369451,0.001044744,0.005988905,0.0005014454,0.0000762081,0.00001433103,0.00002123049,0.003360287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9280275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7481617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220689859","doi":"10.1287/ited.2021.0266ca","title":"Case Article—Pediatrician Scheduling at British Columbia Women’s Hospital","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Active listening; Computer science; Integer programming; Scheduling (production processes); Profit (economics); Nurse scheduling problem; Class (philosophy); Iterative and incremental development; Operations research; Mathematics education; Mathematical optimization; Job shop scheduling; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Schedule; Mathematics; Software engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0268778436408267,"gpt":0.2998482704022569,"spread":0.2729704267614302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001655818,0.0001224045,0.0001981414,0.0003678078,0.003205596,0.0009835748,0.0003832874,0.00007095438,0.008540369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004943753,0.0001683056,0.0001702544,0.001894069,0.00007428831,0.0006671524,0.00002236463,0.0004494578,0.0005968728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001009338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005901975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005111731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005006776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972152,0.00009368807,0.0006928293,0.0004491647,0.001071697,0.0004774923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981886,0.0004072345,0.0002452127,0.00057705,0.0003028591,0.0002791146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006728919,0.003615149,0.01344011,0.00001224232,0.0001045919,0.0001394832,0.01415856,0.1255052,0.00004987568,0.0001535833,0.01604108,0.8267128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006532247,0.003890687,0.09786702,0.00008409856,0.0004919949,0.02291877,0.3735143,0.06651881,0.0004780317,0.04873909,0.3743463,0.004618691],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859022,0.00006514831,0.008481338,0.0006041754,0.00321346,0.0003017387,0.0001262433,0.0001513613,0.001154351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820055,0.000009038814,0.001714648,0.0005420956,0.0001495215,0.0005799806,0.00001657817,0.00002013741,0.01496252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8220941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048974007","doi":"10.1287/ited.7.3.223","title":"Solving the U2 Brainteaser with Integer and Dynamic Programming","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Integer programming; Computer science; Integer (computer science); Branch and price; Dynamic programming; Mathematical optimization; Programming language; Mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01053777869068455,"gpt":0.2729581260888628,"spread":0.2624203473981783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001958325,0.0001097485,0.00006105517,0.0001282193,0.000299871,0.0001497961,0.0001329321,0.00003698917,0.00002662542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002598779,0.00006395788,0.00002807865,0.0002385814,0.0001264994,0.0004242767,0.000002665858,0.0002282216,0.00001733835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005550857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007404139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003901431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001469849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992992,0.00001267863,0.0001610046,0.0001791118,0.0001485836,0.0001993668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994539,0.0002144162,0.00005899457,0.0001729777,0.00004014481,0.00005955446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006173013,0.0001889577,0.00007280239,0.00002082001,0.000008428126,8.282983e-7,0.00499045,0.0002631152,0.004671175,0.0006111621,0.00004686162,0.9890637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00205159,0.002345629,0.02925253,0.001092443,0.0001471444,0.001395374,0.04749605,0.01857044,0.7530577,0.002143361,0.1406094,0.001838366],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6887867,0.00001726089,0.3067501,0.001385202,0.0004582512,0.0003306133,0.000001807475,0.00009612746,0.002173907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966649,0.000007885489,0.001168775,0.001067012,0.00003020359,0.00003060681,0.000001240664,0.00001074952,0.001018636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9872253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2608127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407328220","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0051ca","title":"Case Article—Potty Parity: Stadium Restroom Design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Stadium; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01273770240196293,"gpt":0.2302002437509096,"spread":0.2174625413489467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001021924,0.0001176528,0.0001077615,0.0002864829,0.0001353689,0.00006838551,0.00007001466,0.00007811936,0.0001672885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009572113,0.00011229,0.00006980557,0.0005078392,0.00002031727,0.0002677494,6.976238e-7,0.0001761853,0.0001145308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001631596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001205585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002200263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001537524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993907,0.00001596147,0.0002331539,0.0001061029,0.00009168354,0.0001623855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995557,0.00005672349,0.0000185945,0.0002405447,0.00005744733,0.00007098136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005698601,0.0004171857,0.0001784901,0.00008729534,0.0002873678,0.0000194856,0.001216137,0.328899,0.001280127,0.000924248,0.009478074,0.6571556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001722184,0.0003609815,0.004974619,0.0002440347,0.001069606,0.0003619006,0.004633292,0.8017564,0.12537,0.008508916,0.04943644,0.001561621],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06524891,0.00005748137,0.9285425,0.0002322137,0.0005714028,0.000196096,0.000006306868,0.0002500127,0.004895069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994371,0.0000354239,0.002738637,0.0001738806,0.00003152782,0.00007169412,0.000006793602,0.00001101123,0.002560047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9291221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4579054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399362136","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0026ca","title":"Case Article—Budding with ERP: Information and Operations Management Challenges in a Nascent Industry","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; MacEwan University; Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Budding; Business; Process management; Knowledge management; Computer science; Operations management; Engineering; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03233630174704372,"gpt":0.2866663193597934,"spread":0.2543300176127496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002185653,0.0001337093,0.00008499204,0.0008271498,0.0001793504,0.0006518491,0.00004616195,0.00007253779,0.0001486976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005988181,0.0001099979,0.00002249951,0.0005351683,0.00001951656,0.004992757,0.000004062869,0.0002208718,0.0001293736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001213818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006242855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005152345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000934934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992025,0.000005600246,0.0003228292,0.0001377798,0.0001637792,0.0001674981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997234,0.00001651054,0.00004457152,0.000130747,0.0000611553,0.00002362616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003132469,0.0001807107,0.000588727,0.0007433759,0.00006162788,0.00002150907,0.003852903,0.003423798,0.000009161865,0.05553879,0.0002550088,0.9352931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005200071,0.0003311557,0.08363558,0.003977496,0.0005066935,0.002755668,0.4328618,0.1109803,0.0003905298,0.001829755,0.3553027,0.002228244],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9514224,0.0001983156,0.01092425,0.005670059,0.0009207432,0.001217443,0.00001075822,0.0002850803,0.02935094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983557,0.0001152436,0.0002696394,0.0007474115,0.00010193,0.000219162,0.00002605079,0.0000121256,0.0001527663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9330648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6285796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220709187","doi":"10.1287/ited.2021.0266cs","title":"Case—Pediatrician Scheduling at British Columbia Women’s Hospital","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Download; License; Scheduling (production processes); Computer science; Library science; Operations research; World Wide Web; Operations management; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01868490844087194,"gpt":0.3240189914028324,"spread":0.3053340829619605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006657492,0.0001277523,0.0001876891,0.0001914523,0.008559946,0.000123351,0.0001352953,0.0001510038,0.0118801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006913564,0.0001969233,0.00007457976,0.0007019215,0.00003005749,0.000429525,0.00001550648,0.0009404026,0.000212037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003040127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001822283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01846228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02043111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979059,0.0002005244,0.0007013486,0.0003134818,0.0003446917,0.0005341016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987298,0.0001502677,0.0002300551,0.0003325124,0.0003066767,0.0002507334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001708825,0.00420853,0.03898151,0.0005927782,0.000163442,0.0001520398,0.1082427,0.2223392,0.0000301893,0.0004243154,0.03114497,0.5935494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005555258,0.003298326,0.03109179,0.0003260175,0.0001925108,0.002625959,0.5078682,0.03822746,0.00001821021,0.001030897,0.4068648,0.002900502],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802225,0.0000442126,0.01030435,0.00104902,0.004219852,0.001266574,0.0001956716,0.0002028931,0.002494897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714153,0.00006507181,0.002871799,0.002094108,0.0002865068,0.003958878,0.0002156692,0.00004183218,0.01905082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5906489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165935036","doi":"10.1287/ited.5.1.100","title":"A Baseball Decision Problem","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Decision problem; Computer science; Operations research; Mathematical economics; Economics; Engineering; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01454046209999491,"gpt":0.2261398624901913,"spread":0.2115994003901964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001545476,0.00009897734,0.0001247547,0.0002991633,0.0001419399,0.00006545639,0.0001050973,0.00006638633,0.001347405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005693621,0.00009948414,0.00008294458,0.0002769046,0.00001991563,0.0004328886,0.000001123983,0.000122962,0.001257423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001809458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001018346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003879505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007263417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992354,5.951873e-7,0.0003945353,0.0001755432,0.00004180661,0.0001521088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995051,0.000009709668,0.0001321391,0.0002419082,0.00003825599,0.00007289828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008579553,0.001752102,0.004696739,0.00006680383,0.00007385831,9.891312e-7,0.002514013,0.1518583,0.000009907673,0.4357153,0.001396189,0.40183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002270243,0.0005385506,0.07339022,0.0002578588,0.0000267879,0.0000345387,0.0006868797,0.006071275,0.0008670201,0.2860568,0.6287141,0.001085641],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2444223,0.0002333553,0.6644208,0.001424836,0.001560663,0.0003908739,0.000063661,0.00008971019,0.08739384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992323,0.000185614,0.004229882,0.0006142091,0.00005312061,0.00005170609,0.00001954453,0.00001248378,0.002510488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7479007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137942941","doi":"10.1287/ited.2.1.27","title":"Designing and Delivering a University Course—A Process (or Operations) Management Perspective","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Management and Marketing Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Course (navigation); Reading (process); Process (computing); Medical education; Value (mathematics); Computer science; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Engineering; Medicine; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01076607247996908,"gpt":0.2452444327656502,"spread":0.2344783602856811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001891173,0.000139224,0.00008427282,0.0004338318,0.0005144968,0.0002389706,0.0001200418,0.0000414421,0.0003139505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001300564,0.0001329844,0.00003122387,0.0006058427,0.00003419265,0.00190585,0.000007184211,0.000100546,0.00007195767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001389637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007259926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006133691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003747733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992971,0.000006262769,0.0001404646,0.0002295155,0.0001567718,0.0001699021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995331,0.00001928492,0.00006716164,0.0001476401,0.0002132023,0.00001960314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001301773,0.002596021,0.005333302,0.001094874,0.0004028869,0.00001636792,0.005721221,0.02092539,0.00006909619,0.107233,0.003215051,0.8520911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004669712,0.0002187743,0.1404855,0.00116405,0.001615353,0.00006196941,0.4952545,0.03441233,0.0002002766,0.008291874,0.3109925,0.0026332],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5498103,0.00005534048,0.1646843,0.004268578,0.001308803,0.001649428,0.000002429063,0.0004964148,0.2777244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901388,0.0001259314,0.001497503,0.0006692876,0.0001761662,0.00004438895,0.00001613613,0.00001506886,0.007316669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8494579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5422946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320036048","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0282cs","title":"Case—Moneyball for Murderball: Using Analytics to Construct Lineups in Wheelchair Rugby","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Analytics; Computer science; Wheelchair; Data science; World Wide Web; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06365462649112408,"gpt":0.2906275994451796,"spread":0.2269729729540555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003135824,0.0001342532,0.0002240284,0.001009119,0.00015521,0.00006935702,0.0001011582,0.00009155829,0.0001181866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002336549,0.0001535017,0.0001002457,0.0009736174,0.00002264254,0.0002487451,0.000002766458,0.0001228494,0.0001620417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009138127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004970101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988537,0.000001676942,0.0005891392,0.0002467658,0.00003901502,0.0002697388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993984,0.00003804364,0.0001473966,0.0002581681,0.00005888363,0.00009913986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001085735,0.0005957498,0.02569967,0.0002375873,0.0001421454,0.00002288476,0.005627797,0.8124958,0.00002890736,0.05612801,0.002107809,0.09680509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001068312,0.0002353482,0.01445238,0.0001027558,0.00003312474,0.0001719612,0.003304769,0.8743216,0.0001970458,0.008221816,0.09707782,0.0008130602],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8908972,0.00004348072,0.1035834,0.00082722,0.001472194,0.0006142273,0.0002901951,0.00007082909,0.002201294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962652,0.0000778671,0.001759284,0.000426926,0.00008831522,0.00008663355,0.00004949735,0.00002244002,0.001223834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.105368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6259619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131271896","doi":"10.1287/ited.2019.0241ca","title":"Case Article—The SafeBirth Clinic","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Quality and Supply Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bottleneck; Human multitasking; Process (computing); Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Simple (philosophy); Isolation (microbiology); Risk analysis (engineering); Operations research; Business; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02733947591590868,"gpt":0.2773906120908588,"spread":0.2500511361749501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002951376,0.0001002478,0.00008096634,0.0001204127,0.0005166471,0.000298913,0.0001025938,0.0000422369,0.003059568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003616379,0.00007703571,0.00008968478,0.0005235818,0.00003773456,0.001008882,0.000006019162,0.0001686162,0.002500054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004050563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003243299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005345258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992251,0.000009930985,0.0002792124,0.0001506184,0.0001692089,0.0001659094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993591,0.00005534876,0.00008125343,0.0003456002,0.0001454981,0.0000132291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006920805,0.00155816,0.0005263082,0.000248982,0.0001159993,0.00009233933,0.001203761,0.001894873,0.00003752637,0.04928389,0.0168629,0.9281061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006506232,0.00002278093,0.005795205,0.0000501961,0.0001776374,0.0002474329,0.01963363,0.002529013,0.0003828977,0.01059087,0.9595222,0.0003974606],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7555526,0.00007045117,0.05870095,0.03040908,0.004224796,0.000733294,0.000008732751,0.0003087738,0.1499913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981893,0.00001490345,0.0001347992,0.01027934,0.000364508,0.00007690547,0.00002362265,0.00001070987,0.007202237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9426593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407297940","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0051cs","title":"Case—Potty Parity: Stadium Restroom Design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Stadium; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01084421696686691,"gpt":0.2413497327093069,"spread":0.23050551574244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005820169,0.0001180891,0.00009542067,0.0003253833,0.0001095655,0.00005683749,0.00006187435,0.00007470635,0.0001281237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000732036,0.0001133271,0.00006045416,0.0004797216,0.00001638836,0.0002377596,5.51081e-7,0.0001682821,0.00004381903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000155918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008383819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006584051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001824299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994953,0.000007790972,0.000198726,0.0000935573,0.00007622693,0.0001283833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996465,0.00004343733,0.00001483282,0.000205823,0.00004623573,0.00004314726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005177706,0.00001833438,0.00000373927,0.00002913674,0.0000589066,0.000001397796,0.0001610678,0.7259653,0.0001213355,0.0004377264,0.0007911053,0.2724067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006642846,0.00008872645,0.001963458,0.0001330574,0.0002874829,0.0002721763,0.003066234,0.8970785,0.05187614,0.001747654,0.04205089,0.0007714658],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01395658,0.00006106241,0.980252,0.0001405618,0.0009729299,0.0001247952,0.000006349683,0.0003706423,0.004115052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948556,0.00003685244,0.003601348,0.0001122777,0.00002113417,0.0000490564,0.00001378915,0.00001106188,0.001298813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9808991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4621345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075805630","doi":"10.1287/ited.1090.0028tn","title":"<b>Teaching Note</b>—MotherLand Air: Using Experiential Learning to Teach Revenue Management Concepts","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Business Law and Ethics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Revenue; Computer science; Case teaching; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Business; Psychology; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01503305547732058,"gpt":0.3007770757647364,"spread":0.2857440202874159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002862027,0.0001942554,0.0001439437,0.0004004159,0.0007211558,0.0002425402,0.0001721828,0.0001060713,0.000122619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001964928,0.0001913916,0.00008201293,0.0003978079,0.00002656259,0.001405041,0.000006021348,0.0004105136,0.0002129312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001228973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005228243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006741974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005467319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988976,0.00001082186,0.0002874681,0.0002503019,0.0002777878,0.0002760632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994828,0.00001472088,0.0001288974,0.0002310914,0.0001133785,0.00002911483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001333243,0.0005929513,0.0001163614,0.0001759045,0.00003271483,0.000002242202,0.004640627,0.0355846,0.001100367,0.01300675,0.001245933,0.9433682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001048798,0.00008678057,0.005563191,0.0005811658,0.0001775962,0.00001252168,0.009094488,0.007106913,0.0005290059,0.002725882,0.9721439,0.0009297585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4888147,0.00002885684,0.456336,0.007914837,0.00360918,0.00100978,0.000004509781,0.0004623577,0.04181981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866855,0.00000394686,0.002845729,0.006737866,0.000805849,0.00003662836,0.00002524498,0.00002586877,0.0028334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.970898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7804724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2626464553","doi":"10.1287/ited.2016.0160","title":"How Big Should My Dot Be? Using Spreadsheet Simulation to Evaluate Process Improvement Data Collection Strategies","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Health Quality Council; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Data collection; Computer science; Process (computing); Big data; Data science; Data mining; Operating system; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1514450403799421,"gpt":0.3936333557932767,"spread":0.2421883154133347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004194829,0.0002433333,0.0001730181,0.0003560521,0.001451727,0.002945979,0.001448184,0.0001026314,0.00001173964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006682058,0.0002226738,0.00005389132,0.0003989776,0.00003785731,0.005398447,0.0000541427,0.0002048476,0.00001084282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002591554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009048961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007539639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002875794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982061,0.00002012176,0.000333151,0.0005743845,0.0005282525,0.0003379441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972245,0.00005248592,0.0002903447,0.001925035,0.0003589746,0.0001486826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000362834,0.0002329182,0.00007309583,0.00004823814,0.00003734275,2.974799e-7,0.002633531,0.3351381,0.000897393,0.000291643,0.0001105186,0.6605006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000429417,0.0002451996,0.003938932,0.0001172194,0.00004687288,0.000007012079,0.0017089,0.9844983,0.004930558,0.0009821138,0.002690898,0.0004045836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1648983,0.000007386897,0.8282701,0.002563292,0.002568339,0.0006131114,0.00001135146,0.000159658,0.0009084702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9842226,0.000006007995,0.01474379,0.0003479564,0.0002313592,0.00007116683,0.00003075795,0.00001889126,0.0003274641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8193243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998482,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995444879","doi":"10.1287/ited.2013.0110ca","title":"<b>Case Article</b>—Acusis: Medical Transcription Outsourcing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Library of Parliament","funders":"","keywords":"Outsourcing; Transcription (linguistics); Procurement; Computer science; Business; Operations management; Medical education; Knowledge management; Public relations; Marketing; Medicine; Economics; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06810485384789476,"gpt":0.4230902420561912,"spread":0.3549853882082964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007755617,0.0001788263,0.0002032039,0.0002314303,0.001381402,0.00002747948,0.0001424976,0.0004494787,0.01037604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001242402,0.0001527264,0.0001135639,0.0003693369,0.0000659832,0.000836783,0.000002498473,0.001147457,0.0041066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003220367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009976731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003400828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008409329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976116,0.0002624693,0.0009140469,0.0002337784,0.0004806604,0.0004974105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982958,0.0003673379,0.0001547332,0.0003912247,0.0003423885,0.0004484498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008924828,0.0008116742,0.001547156,0.0006570737,0.00005086129,0.00001093474,0.04796461,0.0003236406,0.0001714214,0.004324502,0.003167709,0.9408812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007959625,0.001386819,0.09417684,0.004471705,0.0004008636,0.002117147,0.6905553,0.03126039,0.001750179,0.02808856,0.1348022,0.003030372],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8530782,0.00005599128,0.09593351,0.03420203,0.003855639,0.001969681,0.00002542692,0.0004456181,0.01043387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873677,0.00006705963,0.0005242556,0.008443564,0.0003451183,0.001159446,0.00002954447,0.00002476348,0.002038544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9378508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405500067","doi":"10.1287/ited.2024.cfp.v25.n2","title":"Call for Papers—<i>INFORMS Transactions on Education</i> Special Issue on Generative AI in Teaching Management Science, Operations Research, Operations Management, and Analytics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ivey Foundation","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Analytics; Data science; Generative grammar; Data management; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Database; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04988330700632373,"gpt":0.3702544982509413,"spread":0.3203711912446175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001078857,0.0006988138,0.000456324,0.005969074,0.002730425,0.003066539,0.0008212801,0.0003486579,0.001723956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004433032,0.000626153,0.0001922619,0.003055063,0.0004287831,0.00347228,0.00002996963,0.001643057,0.00350387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009793562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009947116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001068435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002793661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958952,0.00002868625,0.001020248,0.001192045,0.001071837,0.0007919731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980752,0.00009423164,0.0001251015,0.0008875238,0.0007172809,0.0001006794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001568552,0.002078557,0.000001813385,0.001377415,0.0002113453,0.000001677377,0.001005501,0.08675686,0.00002249909,0.06077397,0.2230244,0.6245891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004421448,0.0001244202,0.0001188205,0.001351784,0.000277732,0.000004471226,0.004481904,0.01196202,0.0001718174,0.0009573012,0.9792906,0.0008169512],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001122578,0.0001754481,0.1026813,0.00994524,0.02138618,0.007596956,0.0006552609,0.0001964986,0.8562405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1180774,0.003113952,0.006760066,0.01652877,0.01518489,0.008413385,0.004550968,0.0002992461,0.8270714],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7562663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140068869","doi":"10.1287/ited.5.3.55","title":"The Free ISP Model and Spinway, Inc.","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Corporate Governance and Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0105982779407149,"gpt":0.2166573189516562,"spread":0.2060590410109413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009355826,0.00008551258,0.00005078073,0.00007309155,0.0004036736,0.0002413372,0.0001339241,0.00003689902,0.00006322707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000943524,0.00006032246,0.0000266855,0.0001616194,0.00003885182,0.001575787,0.000004856567,0.0001009854,0.0001891868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004007827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006285553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000325344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001369621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995116,8.811726e-7,0.0001470569,0.00009381426,0.0001253939,0.000121245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995784,0.00001313004,0.00009356136,0.0002275773,0.00007785699,0.000009508383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002719297,0.0001091208,0.00010959,0.00001914961,0.000009210157,4.119492e-8,0.000130802,0.005052407,0.00003361678,0.04038769,0.01013385,0.9439873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003739569,0.00001145152,0.006638487,0.0000288129,0.00003411094,0.000002196677,0.0005778997,0.05880317,0.00009025004,0.01274927,0.9204769,0.0002135702],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.824114,0.0002666032,0.02966325,0.02911581,0.001238515,0.000646088,0.0000136876,0.0002437113,0.1146984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927955,0.0001097713,0.0002341143,0.00324065,0.0004126535,0.00004978832,0.000008960891,0.000009677601,0.003138855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9437737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3104772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090573100","doi":"10.1287/ited.1080.0016tn","title":"<b>Teaching Note</b>—Bidding on Priceline","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Bidding; Case teaching; Computer science; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Business; Marketing; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02594353133746202,"gpt":0.3369896970146339,"spread":0.3110461656771719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003108176,0.00009754955,0.00008356746,0.0002203861,0.001662124,0.00004672121,0.0001103591,0.00009978045,0.0003251929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003908673,0.00009383781,0.00007770994,0.0002303263,0.00007350057,0.0005115105,8.64135e-7,0.0002950866,0.0002289377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002801859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004183665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003199988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004703636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990703,0.00003549326,0.0002077165,0.0001434114,0.0003418187,0.0002012429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994777,0.00008685333,0.00007661084,0.0001613382,0.00008526882,0.0001122031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004093448,0.0005354344,0.0000738844,0.000007428649,0.00001084002,5.031785e-7,0.04739489,0.0006357175,0.00009584345,0.01379369,0.0006734814,0.9367374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002606553,0.0001648637,0.004350599,0.00005894615,0.00001690661,0.000006642916,0.004995781,0.0002802013,0.0004932201,0.0004234326,0.9887135,0.0002352316],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3977119,0.00003087092,0.0757388,0.01062493,0.004142553,0.0006377603,0.000009094949,0.0004940694,0.51061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986084,0.0001343386,0.0006338597,0.0009037146,0.0004685795,0.00004115052,0.000009217591,0.00001071977,0.01171441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}