{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":20,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":20,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"1bb128e8dff7","filters":{"venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching"}},"results":[{"id":"W2443925006","doi":"10.1515/iral-2016-9991","title":"Second language fluency and its underlying cognitive and social determinants","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Fluency; Utterance; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Cognition; Verbal fluency test; Linguistics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Norman Segalowitz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0385517790055524,"gpt":0.3482721103270022,"spread":0.3097203313214498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008494208,0.000133684,0.0002444192,0.001664258,0.0003508865,0.001754064,0.0002648619,0.0004251269,0.002075897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003120754,0.00006063585,0.0001746977,0.0008957031,0.002362917,0.0007388172,0.0006182524,0.0003774802,0.0001453155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007302726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004674902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003374601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002100047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996418,0.000120859,0.00002498315,0.00004945706,0.00008899259,0.00007383467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996392,0.00228306,0.0007300455,0.00006616935,0.0003250695,0.0002037118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002397201,0.0003089389,0.4369447,0.001002004,0.0002390824,0.003329219,0.02198577,0.00269881,0.006169071,0.1378573,0.002095672,0.3871297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000112112,0.000124379,0.9033203,0.0003660698,0.00006735593,0.001780596,0.00883503,0.002639692,0.001226392,0.07074088,0.01083976,0.00004835512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9475803,0.01851953,0.003952977,0.002079851,0.00003179958,0.0000128623,0.00008744105,0.00003200544,0.02770319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975709,0.001795005,0.0002245995,0.00003016193,0.00002237252,0.000004451533,0.00001607488,0.000002127771,0.0003342873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003374601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006944597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986276376","doi":"10.1515/iral-2015-0002","title":"Setting segmental priorities for English learners: Evidence from a longitudinal study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; University of Alberta; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Pronunciation; Linguistics; Psychology; Longitudinal study; Curriculum; Consonant; Process (computing); Mathematics education; Language acquisition; Second-language acquisition; Second language; Computer science; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Murray J. Munro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tracey M. Derwing","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ron I. Thomson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0937147511399625,"gpt":0.4495295615847861,"spread":0.3558148104448237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009870409,0.0002532785,0.0005348405,0.001008927,0.001884481,0.001994116,0.0009793694,0.00105853,0.001763038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02235582,0.0004198974,0.0004337276,0.001037557,0.0009157259,0.001712107,0.001313158,0.001204513,0.0005220033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009089014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001638198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01489188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02491606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975275,0.001150603,0.0002222875,0.0003648367,0.0004439605,0.0002908791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.982692,0.006016021,0.005191402,0.001282942,0.003254204,0.001563369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000283147,0.001626303,0.9538699,0.00008330312,0.00007669882,0.0002689801,0.02743322,0.00003848832,0.0003947735,0.0001488717,0.0002147343,0.0155616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003269744,0.001745367,0.9562901,0.0001408641,0.00009903317,0.0002647481,0.0387392,0.0002074507,0.0004703623,0.000260109,0.001717122,0.00003284877],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992828,0.0002731317,0.00006051899,0.00005789689,0.000003787772,0.00001520934,0.00006202852,0.00000136837,0.0002432546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998825,0.0004243453,0.0001943823,0.00005541649,0.00000449781,0.00004968587,0.0001377553,0.00000216408,0.0003066859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01489188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05220032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154545235","doi":"10.1515/iral-2021-0024","title":"The idiodynamic method: willingness to communicate and anxiety processes interacting in real time","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","field":"Psychology","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Willingness to communicate; Empathy; Psychology; Anxiety; Competence (human resources); Sample (material); Cognition; Applied psychology; Social psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Peter D. MacIntyre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tammy Gregersen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02726327254119362,"gpt":0.4578504965002324,"spread":0.4305872239590388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006982831,0.0006840546,0.0006372717,0.002347419,0.0006051274,0.001946789,0.0009472842,0.0006332781,0.007923895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02660982,0.000384889,0.0006548897,0.001793627,0.000822625,0.001207018,0.001613721,0.001224064,0.001099184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006050062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006778703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000714268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001000664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906499,0.006147167,0.0005335973,0.0008556503,0.001637159,0.0001766666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9726712,0.01951236,0.002902299,0.002098477,0.002449438,0.0003662676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003897139,0.002323097,0.1470132,0.004449573,0.0005758497,0.0005128637,0.04115983,0.002085125,0.03372853,0.02835419,0.01141525,0.7244854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001265406,0.005179489,0.8264553,0.001122512,0.00057346,0.00240525,0.02833722,0.03285544,0.01806037,0.03125128,0.05186875,0.0006255649],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5876777,0.001112226,0.3495902,0.0008106611,0.0004916174,0.009342338,0.002562814,0.0007752984,0.04763721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7558838,0.0007826712,0.2100868,0.0005167853,0.000187507,0.0234692,0.0008704387,0.0001711273,0.008031739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007923895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03692919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2624058899","doi":"10.1515/iral-2017-0066","title":"Impacts of task complexity on the development of L2 oral performance over time","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Task analysis; Computer science; Linguistics; Production (economics); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Engineering; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"YouJin Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caroline Payant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05282081208012503,"gpt":0.3414118408711567,"spread":0.2885910287910317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003329166,0.0004979249,0.0004905213,0.0006045518,0.0003855342,0.002749673,0.000572563,0.000478601,0.007074744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0398585,0.0002993,0.0003841606,0.00043175,0.0004556789,0.0009337919,0.001911326,0.000915275,0.001129333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006453207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006129243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003845184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002575895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971787,0.0009056255,0.0002572855,0.0005189821,0.000872029,0.000267479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9502633,0.03429872,0.007318449,0.00197572,0.00390355,0.002240224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01491988,0.003931987,0.5955464,0.0009686109,0.0006881052,0.001139338,0.0194876,0.005847092,0.1219375,0.0007548861,0.002759613,0.232019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006054064,0.002265997,0.9867361,0.00006550975,0.00009321474,0.0001815356,0.001617357,0.001935695,0.005082394,0.0006353178,0.001255784,0.00007058396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963707,0.0002235322,0.000635164,0.0000565234,0.000013237,0.00004295213,0.0001858003,0.00003318621,0.002438954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965506,0.00008245273,0.0007138378,0.00002989916,0.00001166096,0.0001197157,0.0002443397,0.00005132708,0.002196125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007074744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0236674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2615798405","doi":"10.1515/iral-2015-0116","title":"Korean L2 speakers’ regulatory focus and oral task performance","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Regulatory focus theory; Psychology; Fluency; Promotion (chess); Task (project management); Situational ethics; Cognitive psychology; Trait; Social psychology; Computer science; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Yeji Han","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim McDonough","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02138115729676681,"gpt":0.3040321196586514,"spread":0.2826509623618846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008627027,0.0002009193,0.0001426462,0.0002642978,0.0001981215,0.0007749578,0.00012658,0.0001996002,0.002051317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002532161,0.00008116817,0.0001062477,0.0001544965,0.0002213132,0.0002242049,0.0003914685,0.0002165536,0.0002815878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001137733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001916492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001238524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001365127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999706,0.00009505785,0.00003192071,0.000052197,0.00007934885,0.00003545808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983114,0.0005762998,0.0005875419,0.00007329898,0.0002715035,0.0001799538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009813482,0.0006098376,0.8131634,0.0004333611,0.0001318652,0.0007370405,0.01524858,0.0002198183,0.08657141,0.0003675345,0.0004831728,0.08105266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009160017,0.0003515634,0.9898398,0.00003110441,0.00003682886,0.0002594667,0.004152216,0.0002389513,0.004129537,0.0001026846,0.0008334101,0.00001533942],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988305,0.0001439787,0.0001229513,0.00001446994,0.000002662275,0.000003829481,0.00002093021,0.00000356872,0.0008572291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991798,0.0001303243,0.00010539,0.00001107443,0.000002482883,0.00000582686,0.0000267967,0.0000035291,0.000534729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002051317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006862342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2551339363","doi":"10.1515/iral-2015-0028","title":"Prime Repetition and Korean EFL Learners’ Comprehension and Production of Passives","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Repetition (rhetorical device); Psychology; Linguistics; Variety (cybernetics); Prime (order theory); Comprehension; Priming (agriculture); Production (economics); Language production; Computer science; Cognition; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"YouJin Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kim McDonough","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01741444350099801,"gpt":0.2872655967982227,"spread":0.2698511532972246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001013245,0.0003802677,0.0002904977,0.0001890927,0.0001840229,0.0005879668,0.0002166717,0.0003751637,0.003972502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003188696,0.0001862013,0.0001324958,0.0001228152,0.0003541476,0.0005317886,0.0004870071,0.00045688,0.0006851367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001559315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003305016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003816606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004172125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996328,0.0001190546,0.00003826259,0.0001036444,0.00006876169,0.00003742157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975601,0.001062203,0.0008221343,0.0001307359,0.0002768651,0.0001480128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002079903,0.002427734,0.1341519,0.001022401,0.0000658163,0.002293597,0.03988538,0.0001085773,0.7504662,0.001407894,0.0004862608,0.06560437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003206863,0.01051079,0.6905735,0.0003535663,0.0003180205,0.004989285,0.04125076,0.00134646,0.2360049,0.002915845,0.01130197,0.0001142017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990284,0.00009431767,0.0001960793,0.00001796248,0.000003478034,0.000007586248,0.00001305824,0.000007847788,0.0006313011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979655,0.0001512337,0.0007362848,0.0000368055,0.000003436978,0.00002958375,0.00002806784,0.00001311517,0.00103592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003972502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01328933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031080521","doi":"10.1515/iral.2010.013","title":"Role of first language dialect in the production of second language German vowels","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"German; Formant; Linguistics; Vowel; Contrast (vision); Space (punctuation); History; Psychology; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Mary Grantham O’Brien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura Catharine Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01264191811520736,"gpt":0.3728737131617962,"spread":0.3602317950465889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000527797,0.0003343784,0.0002669972,0.000336837,0.0003832025,0.0009744972,0.0002282421,0.0002913587,0.001285437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001726804,0.0003072614,0.0001536673,0.0001842174,0.0005103647,0.0003294808,0.0007407367,0.0003200129,0.0002545847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003782034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005453447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008970584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01507953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995804,0.0000890384,0.00002913881,0.0001467045,0.00007824261,0.00007636572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989488,0.0004360961,0.0002410164,0.00009237777,0.0001339633,0.0001478041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001350562,0.0001378547,0.2663171,0.0001455049,0.00005938667,0.0005404506,0.01436996,0.0001860869,0.6940034,0.0003552414,0.00006822781,0.02246617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001565146,0.0003607624,0.9717126,0.00001369128,0.00002314996,0.0004638664,0.001940385,0.0002260532,0.02466476,0.0001137836,0.0004445628,0.00002064433],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994984,0.00005082388,0.0001174392,0.000006744859,9.267918e-7,0.000002919211,0.00001894262,0.000002442288,0.0003013472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993729,0.00003624369,0.0002242721,0.00001029327,5.09713e-7,0.000005051003,0.00002997681,0.000005806089,0.0003150031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008970584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01783675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947618921","doi":"10.1515/iral-2018-0357","title":"The refusal of request speech act in Persian, English, and Balouchi languages: A cross-cultural and cross-linguistic study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Camosun College","funders":"","keywords":"Persian; Linguistics; Psychology; Speech act; Descriptive statistics; Realization (probability); Mathematics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Fatemeh Moafian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yazdi Naji","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdullah Sarani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0265070621769743,"gpt":0.3886747221759765,"spread":0.3621676599990022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001927702,0.0002958671,0.0002908574,0.001176949,0.0008992635,0.001090597,0.0003311867,0.0003075293,0.001084063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004594823,0.0002334397,0.000147023,0.0008893086,0.001299289,0.0006266159,0.000661454,0.0004242704,0.000143363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003739776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005114702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006496069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0128099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999088,0.0004067713,0.00008150251,0.0001069745,0.0002145058,0.0001022465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971852,0.001388541,0.0006339724,0.0001568838,0.0004637082,0.0001716742],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002406942,0.0002088554,0.5727019,0.000237646,0.00007755426,0.002719165,0.3886171,0.00004184732,0.00856529,0.0006949615,0.0002132804,0.02568175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001088239,0.0002602186,0.7998061,0.00005994715,0.0000403433,0.003212882,0.193017,0.0001294871,0.001287296,0.0001351802,0.00201544,0.00002522487],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994274,0.000118255,0.00002626728,0.00001346366,0.000002406391,0.000003349985,0.00000619156,3.616128e-7,0.000402354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996696,0.0001103634,0.0000522444,0.00001454247,0.000002373677,0.000004411383,0.00001298991,9.03904e-7,0.0001326458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006496069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01291651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4315797117","doi":"10.1515/iral-2022-0206","title":"Scoping review of research methodologies across language studies with deaf and hard-of-hearing multilingual learners","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sign language; Immigration; Population; Psychology; Deaf community; Linguistics; Sociology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Joanna Cannon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicole Marx","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.282778076293751,"gpt":0.5890349079482144,"spread":0.3062568316544634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1217372,0.002278736,0.00611721,0.05756238,0.004120474,0.01038404,0.004001778,0.003200531,0.005128812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2783725,0.002090813,0.004569808,0.05658659,0.004324542,0.008005425,0.006570412,0.00261248,0.001104153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01427996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06224893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01350524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02936715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8960773,0.04384996,0.04107683,0.004258382,0.01347669,0.001260769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6784774,0.2403232,0.03046119,0.007476201,0.04158305,0.001678974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001280478,0.00007270364,0.002069465,0.7074456,0.00168762,0.0003894212,0.008937062,0.0002788852,0.0005918128,0.0058727,0.006387931,0.2661387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002359037,0.0000533593,0.001594565,0.9494327,0.00182376,0.0001673455,0.002891646,0.00005707343,0.0002056873,0.001002953,0.04272859,0.0000187953],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002067836,0.9802666,0.003965958,0.002480862,0.0008051775,0.004944383,0.0007888054,0.00004143906,0.004638882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0180553,0.9569679,0.01123192,0.00101009,0.0002012429,0.01100319,0.000795765,0.00004443985,0.0006900913],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8782628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6438155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2918717729","doi":"10.1515/iral-2018-0294","title":"A learner corpus analysis: Effects of task complexity, task type, and L1 &amp; L2 similarity on propositional and linguistic complexity","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Computer science; Modality (human–computer interaction); Complement (music); Natural language processing; Function (biology); Linguistic sequence complexity; Task analysis; Similarity (geometry); Artificial intelligence; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Elissa Allaw","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02243134708598561,"gpt":0.3573268853404677,"spread":0.3348955382544822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006486078,0.000433647,0.0007245937,0.001595869,0.001018342,0.002810515,0.0006572676,0.0004721914,0.005863606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0507836,0.0002919526,0.000515304,0.001393471,0.001002409,0.001671781,0.002169025,0.001015629,0.0006523491],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00062353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008384267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002960514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003438573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935556,0.003694729,0.0005701067,0.0009851144,0.00103475,0.00015981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.851678,0.128309,0.006964084,0.00594681,0.005268187,0.001833908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01506234,0.00602765,0.7044242,0.002098277,0.001653611,0.0007345768,0.02904479,0.003013576,0.05751707,0.002277569,0.004547519,0.1735988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002382628,0.001351616,0.9698882,0.0001577855,0.0004972017,0.0003082991,0.004272942,0.005634217,0.01282815,0.0007897012,0.003939408,0.00009422862],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945608,0.000152126,0.00235064,0.00005147131,0.00001185278,0.0001377432,0.0007140109,0.000068256,0.001953052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937853,0.00007309028,0.003343672,0.00003915215,0.00001327088,0.000324482,0.001478078,0.00008824555,0.0008547023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006486078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03430206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366689328","doi":"10.1515/iral-2022-0092","title":"Investigating willingness to communicate in synchronous group discussion tasks: one step closer towards authentic communication","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Willingness to communicate; Recall; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology","authors":[{"name":"Shahin Nematizadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yiqian Cao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0346227561395758,"gpt":0.3310625597617931,"spread":0.2964398036222173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01279364,0.0003605422,0.0005080982,0.001105324,0.0009639288,0.003155735,0.0007094195,0.000856579,0.002739188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03895209,0.0002396466,0.0002999573,0.0006701579,0.0008691516,0.002173739,0.001973371,0.0008908805,0.0004202214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004175679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008055335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003862495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005847923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9882922,0.009094962,0.0004011823,0.0008833998,0.001063466,0.0002648042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9455482,0.04079666,0.005922147,0.002665223,0.003918388,0.001149398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002875839,0.006072238,0.2666009,0.002778183,0.0004140089,0.0007173968,0.4013598,0.0006610753,0.0845445,0.004275787,0.0009301015,0.2287702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003402763,0.0086351,0.6472297,0.0007653262,0.0002762353,0.0007024281,0.2854012,0.003985622,0.02996546,0.006876857,0.01556931,0.0002523946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922,0.0001367426,0.005057946,0.0001076624,0.00001966277,0.000221017,0.00004167204,0.00001438021,0.002200912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910027,0.0000805936,0.007293145,0.0001104709,0.00002325041,0.0005854911,0.0000442349,0.00001259733,0.000847476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01279364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06766009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810841914","doi":"10.1515/iral-2017-0084","title":"A gendered study of refusal of request speech act in the three languages of Persian, English and Balouchi: a within language study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Camosun College","funders":"","keywords":"Persian; Speech act; Linguistics; Psychology; Realization (probability); Focus (optics); Descriptive statistics; Task (project management)","authors":[{"name":"Fatemeh Moafian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yazdi Naji","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarani Abdulah","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04080243077801323,"gpt":0.3632598529519516,"spread":0.3224574221739384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002220544,0.0002609066,0.0003572634,0.0009761415,0.001213866,0.001559137,0.0002679098,0.0003734886,0.001596141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005283303,0.0002299921,0.0001388837,0.0005954856,0.001705853,0.000650112,0.0008506115,0.0004286908,0.0001937223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004680239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006599133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004319962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007778427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988895,0.0005439967,0.00007240254,0.0001182152,0.0002178752,0.0001579705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969857,0.001746621,0.0005739304,0.0001174276,0.0003639196,0.0002123512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001861013,0.0001216755,0.2489408,0.00008577549,0.00001850607,0.001577781,0.7255276,0.00001608794,0.01179552,0.0005657037,0.0000947872,0.01106976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008428868,0.0002562856,0.4037344,0.00003748506,0.00001564862,0.001558415,0.5912518,0.00009071398,0.001237382,0.0001529493,0.001635835,0.00002067929],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994266,0.00006006062,0.0000507171,0.00001787053,0.000002421812,0.000003985927,0.000006460248,4.536165e-7,0.0004314776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997436,0.0000356666,0.00003270328,0.000009581337,0.000002265913,0.000004626935,0.000005316303,8.550051e-7,0.000165265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004319962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01174349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210265065","doi":"10.1515/iral-2021-0115","title":"Investigating the impact of task complexity on uptake and noticing of corrective feedback recasts","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Corrective feedback; Task (project management); Psychology; Grammaticality; Operationalization; Task analysis; Linguistics; Comprehension; Grammar; Linguistic sequence complexity; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Amir Rezaei","is_ca":true},{"name":"Antonella Valeo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04586882753328326,"gpt":0.3380180970824079,"spread":0.2921492695491247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004781801,0.0004062655,0.0005684702,0.000693394,0.0002320948,0.001458442,0.0004803904,0.0004098192,0.001303765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05093383,0.000212766,0.0003223732,0.0005019117,0.0003883261,0.0007231471,0.001070912,0.0005298058,0.0002538331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004165415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007263709,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001544299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001935406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940007,0.002701596,0.0005260961,0.0006089514,0.00193513,0.0002274531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9127248,0.0670676,0.01176231,0.002196486,0.005028474,0.001220395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003508963,0.001693529,0.4963457,0.002695099,0.0003584969,0.0006223231,0.03306714,0.002694235,0.1739811,0.0003052211,0.000401276,0.2843268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003165653,0.002385253,0.9717835,0.0001178864,0.0001362436,0.0002413099,0.00473927,0.00221791,0.01696293,0.0002318178,0.001087851,0.00006438851],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975068,0.0001486358,0.001584959,0.00001910391,0.000004338797,0.00004482799,0.00002375186,0.00001594089,0.000651686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997683,0.0001392486,0.001679563,0.00001425726,0.000005562362,0.00007232406,0.00004604955,0.00001305193,0.0003468119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004781801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02528888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173915048","doi":"10.1515/iral-2020-0104","title":"Lexical stress assignment preferences in L2 German","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"German; Linguistics; Stress (linguistics); Psychology; Lexicon; Syllable; First language; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Mary Grantham O’Brien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ross Sundberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0330405481936446,"gpt":0.4296519021039674,"spread":0.3966113539103228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004879339,0.0003276783,0.0001930566,0.0004753658,0.000312665,0.001090543,0.0001680447,0.0003798308,0.003542347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00127762,0.0001463986,0.0001151271,0.0002956086,0.0005425439,0.0003944418,0.0004562707,0.0002379189,0.0007598805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004003022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002479751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00462925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008344135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999734,0.0000555778,0.00001966489,0.00006168798,0.00006169493,0.00006731921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995654,0.0001390237,0.0001396439,0.00002440234,0.000056374,0.00007514653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001678256,0.0007520207,0.7076797,0.0002612443,0.0001249218,0.003708156,0.04956593,0.0004262383,0.1757251,0.002202579,0.001236505,0.05663929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004181215,0.0009353945,0.9644483,0.00004279182,0.00004086668,0.002287028,0.0186853,0.0004130136,0.007443117,0.0007824082,0.004833577,0.00004639753],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993512,0.00004018784,0.00003034328,0.00001386114,7.934278e-7,0.000002161655,0.0000223429,0.000001108465,0.0005379575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988778,0.00006433684,0.00004123562,0.00003230589,7.37501e-7,0.000003259312,0.00004256788,0.000002836937,0.0009348546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00462925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0118503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396225360","doi":"10.1515/iral-2023-0167","title":"The impact of out-of-school L2 input and interaction on adolescent classroom immersion and community-L2 learners’ L2 vocabulary: opportunities for interaction are key","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Psychology; Second language; Foreign language; Immersion (mathematics); Key (lock); Mathematics education; Computer science; Linguistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Brian V. Rusk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08612380434181743,"gpt":0.3773885887386509,"spread":0.2912647843968335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001442494,0.0002347447,0.0003707998,0.0005207394,0.0007207058,0.002215561,0.0004729256,0.0003278664,0.003434898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005058508,0.0001602821,0.0004020603,0.0003221458,0.0007252601,0.001011088,0.002350017,0.000660422,0.0002995044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006302543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001240217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003998246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009597574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998419,0.0006879268,0.00008677276,0.0001603954,0.0003580211,0.0002878683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958008,0.002120961,0.000755603,0.0001085131,0.0004108831,0.0008032582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003288816,0.001228026,0.7978897,0.0008858467,0.0001592056,0.001329849,0.06662067,0.00013745,0.006323589,0.0007287565,0.0006369401,0.123731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000633669,0.0003573639,0.9381439,0.0003206371,0.00006993434,0.0003923363,0.05596015,0.0001457355,0.001706431,0.00018797,0.002693173,0.00001607183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973696,0.0004878735,0.0001216601,0.00006534555,0.000005628394,0.000009897546,0.00002016049,0.000003958703,0.001915759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999007,0.0003439048,0.0001361408,0.00001852162,0.00000257543,0.00001385724,0.0000201244,0.000003418087,0.0004544289],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003998246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01149088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409966840","doi":"10.1515/iral-2024-0206","title":"Investigating the effect of task modality on the written and oral production of young EFL learners","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","keywords":"Modality (human–computer interaction); Task (project management); Production (economics); Linguistics; Psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"M. Juncal Gutiérrez-Mangado","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Basterrechea","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0171254896339673,"gpt":0.3126840262133374,"spread":0.29555853657937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001550474,0.0003772045,0.0004332503,0.0008663153,0.0003009235,0.001597618,0.0003957026,0.0004652685,0.003231216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01044747,0.0002439535,0.0002396357,0.0003129725,0.0005354803,0.0006529167,0.001057852,0.0005856778,0.0007233336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003579164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002643754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001966298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002496339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992488,0.0001725523,0.00009659793,0.0001582384,0.0002045485,0.0001192516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909484,0.004951895,0.001872178,0.0002892579,0.001225781,0.0007125178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001624523,0.001054084,0.8401988,0.0002329438,0.00006934314,0.001937942,0.04354286,0.0001750919,0.05925814,0.00009483923,0.0002865688,0.05152499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002330831,0.001415637,0.977725,0.00003197261,0.00003223831,0.000704219,0.01250058,0.0002508723,0.006558766,0.00008248877,0.000648528,0.00002647904],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995315,0.00003050934,0.00002686787,0.00000538562,0.000001016865,0.000004751959,0.00002288693,0.000002024776,0.0003749696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990487,0.00004441231,0.0001308191,0.00001232976,0.000002349613,0.00002093698,0.00004171375,0.00000298859,0.0006957691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003231216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01080954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388532419","doi":"10.1515/iral-2023-0048","title":"The impact of guessing and retrieval strategies for learning phrasal verbs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Verb; Computer science; Linguistics; Bridge (graph theory); Corrective feedback; Modal verb; Psychology; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Brian Strong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02155006939554407,"gpt":0.4188907799349422,"spread":0.3973407105393982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005000794,0.0007702407,0.0007834689,0.0008269535,0.0003499065,0.002603241,0.001264977,0.001142103,0.003507659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06685887,0.0003969985,0.0004060316,0.0003658023,0.0008117073,0.002707324,0.001377866,0.001153014,0.0008462984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003667623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005223707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004842018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004615838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951144,0.002439945,0.0005847418,0.0007776963,0.0007889186,0.0002942895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9258376,0.06111231,0.005442603,0.003282937,0.002239839,0.002084784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01304542,0.01189139,0.1242573,0.002569895,0.0004301785,0.0009098327,0.02381357,0.003217486,0.1223456,0.00192829,0.001159782,0.6944312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003586333,0.07187802,0.5948758,0.002301791,0.002094033,0.003442523,0.04700885,0.06265407,0.1816162,0.01623646,0.01351299,0.0007929368],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970407,0.0001711431,0.001540893,0.0000521176,0.00001147831,0.00007704348,0.00001884713,0.00006019639,0.001027477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934337,0.0002108795,0.005099274,0.00003231743,0.000008350615,0.0001004643,0.00006847298,0.00003260175,0.001013896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005000794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02644706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409277197","doi":"10.1515/iral-2024-0194","title":"Perceived L2 oral fluency, working memory, foreign language enjoyment and foreign language anxiety: identifying distinct patterns of relationship","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluency; Psychology; Anxiety; Foreign language anxiety; Cognitive psychology; Foreign language; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Daphnée Simard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Zuniga","is_ca":true},{"name":"Florian Hameau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0296302972732747,"gpt":0.3264002384906615,"spread":0.2967699412173868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007018567,0.0002293472,0.0002564198,0.0007934066,0.0002201158,0.0008794445,0.000182805,0.0003526766,0.002910901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00295819,0.0001051737,0.000247726,0.0003824362,0.0003200211,0.0002980482,0.0004100642,0.0003118689,0.0002298065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001693148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001891921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00294434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003816711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997402,0.00007399879,0.00002903837,0.00004615744,0.00006187809,0.00004866724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977152,0.001072863,0.0006432613,0.00006834266,0.0002139334,0.0002864222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001286304,0.0001421487,0.9885741,0.00004268062,0.00006846528,0.000102284,0.001589385,0.00003522788,0.001027768,0.00004591508,0.00006119964,0.00818217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001718886,0.00007234721,0.9986784,0.000006010911,0.00001231383,0.00005288343,0.0009792466,0.00005626766,0.00006096745,0.00001986797,0.0000576491,0.000002399026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989975,0.0003042839,0.00006938652,0.00002066819,0.000001998205,0.000005990206,0.00003372563,0.000001776368,0.0005645875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995772,0.00009129235,0.00004843153,0.000008530105,0.000003932845,0.000006528357,0.0000359468,5.691432e-7,0.0002275841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00294434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009737968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410584030","doi":"10.1515/iral-2024-0174","title":"Exploring the dynamic metaphor patterns in describing English public speaking anxiety among Chinese learners","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphor; Anxiety; Linguistics; Psychology; Public speaking; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Fei Gao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03959123746703374,"gpt":0.3349501918374494,"spread":0.2953589543704156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001341044,0.000478804,0.0003817711,0.001584899,0.00121815,0.00193728,0.0004230411,0.0006062436,0.001093272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00298108,0.0001952176,0.0003176057,0.0009127781,0.001759253,0.001207154,0.001500616,0.0006647456,0.000105717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00119879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001095009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003822115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006019597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992337,0.0003765541,0.00005442758,0.00004700576,0.0001748849,0.0001133979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998782,0.0006444799,0.000286044,0.00003790413,0.0001398822,0.0001097585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005990238,0.00005625065,0.05498995,0.0005246106,0.00003003802,0.002687384,0.9069859,0.00008277201,0.01017213,0.002114848,0.0005373323,0.0217588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006987661,0.00009610834,0.08913159,0.0002164161,0.00004010616,0.00238403,0.8982409,0.0004785332,0.0009011666,0.0008684562,0.007593898,0.00004186819],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965523,0.0006810952,0.0007469844,0.0002105621,0.00001184667,0.00002408356,0.00002303823,0.0000056609,0.001744315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988999,0.0003845666,0.0003555309,0.00003625954,0.000005475061,0.00002087431,0.00001584618,0.000002282102,0.000279271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003822115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008697808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082349792","doi":"10.1515/iral-2019-0115","title":"D-linked and non-d-linked<i>wh</i>-questions in L2 French and L3 English","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Syntax; Feature (linguistics); Interrogative word; Psychology; Second-language acquisition; Discourse analysis; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Abdelkader Hermas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0185654723735287,"gpt":0.2888135864587831,"spread":0.2702481140852544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001890752,0.0003618319,0.0002817537,0.0008426507,0.0006029598,0.001692413,0.0003482063,0.0008218102,0.003304063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005039512,0.0001649166,0.0002452736,0.0004903151,0.001183744,0.001032067,0.001024063,0.000771234,0.0005591644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008309041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005339289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03644038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02563615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991535,0.0003481858,0.00005650306,0.0001183066,0.0001647715,0.0001588644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935871,0.004294566,0.000746336,0.0001679242,0.000806307,0.0003977184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001004286,0.0007979047,0.6353167,0.0003859972,0.00008846874,0.003279288,0.2397414,0.0008462095,0.04458107,0.004276368,0.0008601872,0.06882214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002223672,0.0005530795,0.9080899,0.0001083676,0.00003996137,0.001772984,0.06877126,0.001885035,0.01030034,0.001466677,0.006927816,0.00006240906],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998255,0.00009409439,0.0001186861,0.00003631227,8.917568e-7,0.000004361457,0.00002414484,0.000003832483,0.001462713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994045,0.00003933158,0.0000728988,0.00002071399,0.000001037502,0.000004858949,0.00003729888,0.000002920644,0.0004163439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03644038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07245654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}