{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"bed1af76f894","filters":{"venue":"ImmunoInformatics"}},"results":[{"id":"W4321376551","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2023.100025","title":"AIRR community curation and standardised representation for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor germline sets","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Vetenskapsrådet; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; European Commission","keywords":"Germline; Interoperability; Computational biology; Biology; Data curation; Computer science; Genetics; Gene; Data science; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"William Lees","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott Christley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayelet Peres","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin T. Kos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Corrie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Duncan Ralph","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felix Breden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lindsay G. Cowell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gur Yaari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Corcoran","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mats Ohlin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew M. Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Corey T. Watson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian E. Busse","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02295008972932137,"gpt":0.2801263588768214,"spread":0.2571762691475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003665289,0.0001243989,0.0001361467,0.00004478362,0.0002884396,0.00007392526,0.00009349523,0.0001121546,0.000003308695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009256033,0.0001233624,0.00004639307,0.0000889697,0.00007079499,0.00002885069,0.00007548076,0.0001071766,0.000005632637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001160103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003120909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003206874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001047082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992857,0.00004991564,0.0003134538,0.00009494686,0.00009045791,0.0001655002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994398,0.00005267062,0.0001038627,0.0002601651,0.00010101,0.00004253951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005656509,0.00007660646,0.0012236,0.0004584887,0.00007920133,3.400464e-7,0.003889326,0.000244165,0.9625587,0.00006439794,0.005058506,0.02578095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01158512,0.00210284,0.01588422,0.0001493052,0.000162971,0.00003050467,0.008936772,0.04451168,0.8395932,0.001180521,0.07460812,0.001254734],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919288,0.0003240725,0.006559197,0.0001027926,0.0001785061,0.0003747744,0.0001708076,0.00003771628,0.0003232874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925528,0.001159509,0.003814778,0.00011284,0.00004406942,0.00002861619,0.001999345,0.00001964066,0.0002683809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1229656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5030572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396689858","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2024.100035","title":"Guiding a language-model based protein design method towards MHC Class-I immune-visibility targets in vaccines and therapeutics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Infrastruktura PL-Grid; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; European Commission; Royal Academy of Engineering; European Regional Development Fund; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Visibility; MHC class I; Major histocompatibility complex; Class (philosophy); Immune system; Computer science; Computational biology; Virology; Immunology; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Hans-Christof Gasser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego A. Oyarzún","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ajitha Rajan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. Alfaro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03137854111434328,"gpt":0.3048158173681053,"spread":0.273437276253762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001552642,0.0003706126,0.0003581921,0.0001863559,0.0001105806,0.0002707973,0.0003497097,0.0002570032,0.00001091655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001317248,0.0003098011,0.0001465431,0.0002612794,0.00004182463,0.00007286316,0.0002365033,0.0002377549,0.00001008643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005657105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000312016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003500613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006679551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980562,0.0000985083,0.0009197564,0.0002636657,0.0002102422,0.0004516713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990009,0.00004984529,0.0001484751,0.0006513109,0.00008843704,0.00006102252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005877519,0.0002689065,0.0001627469,0.002699778,0.0005589861,0.0000135889,0.01207817,0.02608925,0.7701278,0.00135741,0.0006839984,0.1853716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007902721,0.000207155,0.0002400274,0.0001560839,0.00004276105,0.00002637291,0.001131808,0.8323629,0.1617477,0.0003146593,0.002585881,0.000394288],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3286559,0.01542874,0.6522404,0.0004468747,0.0001754573,0.001330171,0.00003892283,0.0001081983,0.001575343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8414767,0.0003299288,0.1572918,0.0003110159,0.00004533409,0.00009924852,0.000123821,0.00005169364,0.0002704494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8062738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313731306","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2023.100021","title":"The race to understand immunopathology in COVID-19: Perspectives on the impact of quantitative approaches to understand within-host interactions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; National Research Council Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Immunopathology; Race (biology); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Population; Coevolution; Biology; Immunology; Evolutionary biology; Medicine; Virology; Disease; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Environmental health","authors":[{"name":"Sonia Gazeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoyan Deng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hsu Kiang Ooi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fatima Mostefai","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julie Hussin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jane M. Heffernan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adrianne L. Jenner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Morgan Craig","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3778435126717959,"gpt":0.4806855139703026,"spread":0.1028420012985067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002542994,0.0005413313,0.001559429,0.0009898889,0.0004152565,0.0002032132,0.0008039443,0.0002223392,0.00001085947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005844553,0.0002803099,0.0006097819,0.00208225,0.0005149972,0.0001885881,0.0003465333,0.001416833,0.0003035644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003090905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003249957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002791962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965785,0.000463692,0.001410441,0.0003222842,0.0006206751,0.0006044265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919432,0.005928411,0.0005980204,0.001239846,0.0001757894,0.0001147549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004552512,0.0009290672,0.00003860617,0.02096748,0.005607741,0.0001554209,0.8389832,0.0004478775,0.00008400282,0.08020186,0.005034604,0.04299767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00126101,0.002907617,0.00004497197,0.01303769,0.0004380707,0.0002525282,0.8226185,0.0007154499,0.00003210694,0.000867892,0.1572036,0.0006205814],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.007072891,0.9706221,0.002737954,0.002836746,0.0004831876,0.00879568,0.0002574039,0.0001318512,0.007062144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004942352,0.9876558,0.0007473729,0.005295251,0.0001199211,0.0005509844,0.0000478898,0.0002548418,0.0003856228],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.152169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413095618","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2025.100056","title":"Challenges and future directions of AIRR-seq-based diagnostics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Health and Medical Research Council; National Institutes of Health; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ulrik Stervbo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paraskevas Filippidis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felix Breden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lindsay G. Cowell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frédéric Davi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victor Greiff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anton W. Langerak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eline T. Luning Prak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandra F. Sharland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enkelejda Miho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pieter Meysman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006778482316364642,"gpt":0.2584331865757299,"spread":0.2516547042593653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008798481,0.00009200857,0.0001075473,0.00005269699,0.00006166192,0.000006498728,0.0001158372,0.0001447041,0.000002555891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004108304,0.00008523378,0.00004860319,0.00006887404,0.00009608471,0.000002450683,0.00007290831,0.00006407881,0.000001116582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004577959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004741671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002680394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006381506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995402,0.00001517939,0.0002125794,0.00009242613,0.00003967186,0.0001000139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994697,0.00001996146,0.00007581014,0.0003407637,0.00007318572,0.00002056756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008284159,0.0003556904,0.0008403328,0.0006071976,0.0003362831,0.000001008837,0.0004669063,0.00003290809,0.09349936,0.09800109,0.007497868,0.7982785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004052702,0.0001848723,0.006138762,0.00005483287,0.00004890058,0.000006670461,0.0002845913,0.000294099,0.1125141,0.0009308872,0.8789645,0.0001724411],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3774159,0.3068701,0.1073225,0.01333061,0.001082916,0.002503785,0.0002700917,0.0003170507,0.190887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7911137,0.1773942,0.02926436,0.001196995,0.0001288946,0.0001791505,0.0003186861,0.00002285961,0.0003811659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8714667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3475733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415423483","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2025.100062","title":"Machine learning in AIRR diagnostics: Advances and applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Genome Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"U.S. National Library of Medicine; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Focus (optics); State (computer science); Training set; Repertoire; Active learning (machine learning)","authors":[{"name":"Aslı Semerci","is_ca":false},{"name":"Celine AlBalaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Corrie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dylan Duchen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gisela Gabernet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jinwoo Leem","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enkelejda Miho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrik Stervbo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin Barton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pieter Meysman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002161965810614259,"gpt":0.2037635460223367,"spread":0.2016015802117225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007384591,0.00006669483,0.00009928352,0.0001048545,0.00004756559,0.00003413831,0.00005472618,0.00003405842,0.000004301517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003234838,0.00006629004,0.00001346224,0.0001645262,0.00001334976,0.00015394,0.00001507576,0.0001390872,0.00002595647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002800312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006459483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001189835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002882606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995904,0.000006309428,0.0002309547,0.00003268823,0.00004254926,0.00009710681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998025,0.00008052516,0.00001947907,0.00007209068,0.0000107451,0.000014616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001052784,0.00002161777,0.005919246,0.001265071,0.00006201341,0.000001273199,0.001404287,0.1515376,0.0002152574,0.005605371,0.0002695556,0.8336882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003397207,0.000007644106,0.0008313071,0.00005220862,0.000004667253,0.000002686832,0.0004366118,0.5332363,0.00005764506,0.0002012858,0.4647551,0.00007486649],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03907648,0.2127318,0.3152201,0.000322903,0.001484922,0.00238441,0.00003521789,0.0024731,0.4262711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992568,0.00649776,0.0003077846,0.00006209079,0.00001623642,0.0001358503,0.000006591723,0.00000777468,0.0003979559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9534914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2703229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416025381","doi":"10.1016/j.immuno.2025.100064","title":"DoggifAI: A transformer based approach for antibody caninisation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ImmunoInformatics","topic":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Bristol; Royal Academy of Engineering; UK Research and Innovation; Israel Cancer Research Fund","keywords":"Transformer; Antibody; Human proteins; Sequence (biology); Sequence alignment","authors":[{"name":"Dominik Grabarczyk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikołaj Kocikowski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maciej Parys","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas R. Houston","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ted R. Hupp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier A. Alfaro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shay B. Cohen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02170429463065195,"gpt":0.3646956850402162,"spread":0.3429913904095642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003078088,0.0001371539,0.000257233,0.0001900493,0.0001657873,0.0000396856,0.0001161918,0.00008909178,0.0000590346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000675748,0.0001060032,0.0001670769,0.000244089,0.00007784556,0.0001298966,0.00001307939,0.0001629036,0.00002190302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005801893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003586049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006558021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002240646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989392,0.0000136372,0.0003941743,0.00009809645,0.0002515592,0.0003033183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993715,0.0001266402,0.00004942397,0.0002213899,0.0001658965,0.00006520991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02049985,0.004800392,0.05121461,0.04693464,0.003694847,0.00002863674,0.01294586,0.003656838,0.1586196,0.149137,0.08228409,0.4661836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009626323,0.001030857,0.01921969,0.0004406971,0.0003375429,0.00004769125,0.001677335,0.6352941,0.03561171,0.000788528,0.2953888,0.0005366157],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1000386,0.0004800618,0.6796212,0.002925517,0.0002516122,0.002426245,0.0001254035,0.0001294143,0.214002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8745436,0.0001276668,0.1041343,0.003353794,0.00009894469,0.0002137445,0.002002357,0.00002677531,0.01549881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.774505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4322685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}