{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":29,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":29,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"dea501b3e643","filters":{"venue":"Intelligence"}},"results":[{"id":"W2602310945","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2017.03.005","title":"Revisiting the association between music lessons and intelligence: Training effects or music aptitude?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Aptitude; Psychology; Music education; Association (psychology); Raven's Progressive Matrices; Intelligence quotient; Musical; Music psychology; Developmental psychology; Nonverbal communication; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Pedagogy; Visual arts","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2155697131521453,"gpt":0.3799281649517501,"spread":0.1643584517996047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001196115,0.0002360255,0.0002715705,0.00008772906,0.00205821,0.0008249982,0.001120657,0.0001147991,0.00008528325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008329627,0.0001630559,0.00008124781,0.0002674179,0.0004805277,0.0007583208,0.0003477942,0.0004588681,0.0001575605],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009673886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008396141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000669289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005339982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975816,0.0001912503,0.0003605058,0.000741447,0.0005614631,0.0005637251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968454,0.001796513,0.0004574729,0.0007098895,0.00006056304,0.0001301996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001412196,0.00001561453,0.003619787,0.00004534948,0.00000667489,0.00004018789,0.00495618,0.00002094583,0.1511388,0.003552398,0.00007576195,0.8365142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003747805,0.0005594866,0.3533307,0.001456317,0.0002768781,0.0002190222,0.004052129,0.005531295,0.5977339,0.0199023,0.01476369,0.001799586],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.976592,0.00003065137,0.01496286,0.002869538,0.001212569,0.0005523393,0.000009212986,0.0001298806,0.003640941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965322,0.0003224922,0.0001248242,0.001358015,0.0007996047,0.00003667422,7.234098e-7,0.00002069637,0.0008047941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8347146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W421073891","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2015.05.001","title":"Beyond a bigger brain: Multivariable structural brain imaging and intelligence","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Medical Research Council; University of Glasgow; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroimaging; Multivariable calculus; Cognitive science; Neuroscience; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06038986117383405,"gpt":0.3117292028875551,"spread":0.251339341713721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006261789,0.0003187041,0.0002755604,0.0001802427,0.0003098116,0.0001839139,0.0004479035,0.00006536966,0.000102117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02975924,0.0002918535,0.0000618409,0.0006042155,0.0006360044,0.0006500449,0.0004682522,0.0003386556,0.0002224803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001206437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001096523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002149252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000377826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974119,0.0001950308,0.0003655264,0.000966258,0.0005197377,0.0005415113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9914466,0.007571392,0.0001225928,0.0004176651,0.0001797833,0.0002619762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005631695,0.0002418566,0.02524274,0.000158704,0.00007957014,0.0004602503,0.01610675,0.005826382,0.205594,0.2323961,0.07653075,0.4367998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000349186,0.0003243118,0.001316537,0.0001129653,0.00002115268,0.0007824193,0.003324983,0.1000038,0.5832604,0.2783366,0.03088,0.001287688],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5909258,0.002817897,0.2209262,0.139715,0.006990727,0.001868202,0.0001202847,0.001253638,0.03538227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828544,0.0000239058,0.002088764,0.01347975,0.000197272,0.00003123103,0.000001423327,0.00003323802,0.001290074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4355121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012083674","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2011.11.007","title":"Toddler working memory skills predict kindergarten school readiness","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Developmental psychology; Toddler; Working memory; Standardized test; Association (psychology); Academic achievement; Socioeconomic status; Vocabulary; Cognitive development; Cognition; Mathematics education; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05833624705731356,"gpt":0.3026770831711734,"spread":0.2443408361138598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005681184,0.0001090926,0.0001092323,0.00009288004,0.0003265979,0.00007699904,0.0004364324,0.00009602465,0.005070209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004463032,0.0001049368,0.00004702524,0.0003772611,0.000170688,0.0002175881,0.00004739702,0.000162533,0.001584777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000108891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006128101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00153961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006746954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986892,0.00009221796,0.0002482669,0.0002614041,0.0003599635,0.0003488944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992051,0.00008586605,0.00007981207,0.0002274917,0.0001288224,0.0002729105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002394796,0.0004907154,0.2603292,0.00001353764,0.00008529972,0.00002542936,0.3640265,0.00002105319,0.00002899085,0.04528042,0.0193977,0.3102772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002146392,0.0001036935,0.6035516,0.000511902,0.00004523991,0.00001332132,0.06968561,0.0000213942,0.01126623,0.05378922,0.2594424,0.001354848],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1117205,0.0003796067,0.006769326,0.001222622,0.003391446,0.0004896443,0.000001387941,0.0003557728,0.8756697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829919,0.000205417,0.002772214,0.0007189066,0.0004140516,0.00002211116,0.000001756337,0.0000118396,0.01286177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8712714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161147133","doi":"10.1016/s0160-2896(00)00035-0","title":"Performance on Raven's Matrices by African and White University Students in South Africa","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Raven's Progressive Matrices; Psychology; White (mutation); Percentile; Normative; Significant difference; Demography; Intelligence quotient; Developmental psychology; Gerontology; Cognition; Medicine; Statistics; Sociology; Mathematics; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02637060889352511,"gpt":0.2778104972342054,"spread":0.2514398883406803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001407243,0.00009483855,0.0001005844,0.00007310867,0.00006715897,0.00001963227,0.000191274,0.00003931573,0.001856674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001889141,0.0000965846,0.00001803875,0.0002542308,0.00008559249,0.00005614679,0.0000394752,0.0001366014,0.0002751749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000326137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006781621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001010596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001334648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999217,0.0000596659,0.0001142748,0.0002672741,0.000118221,0.0002235216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995993,0.0001633434,0.00003427428,0.000130716,0.00002158633,0.00005082375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002629488,0.0002204931,0.7344916,0.00001700383,0.00001836468,0.00004909319,0.04242593,0.0000591085,0.000006172102,0.0001630251,0.0002668163,0.2220195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000817748,0.001235109,0.8730563,0.00027542,0.00003735216,0.00001618826,0.07294006,0.0009976905,0.0001739298,0.000391218,0.04928138,0.0007776066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9107506,0.0001399376,0.00004902428,0.00004016856,0.0000420248,0.0001035395,0.00001706338,0.00002519204,0.08883248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913037,0.00007055228,0.00004025053,0.00003962859,0.00001518668,0.000002417482,0.000001284153,0.000006477487,0.008520539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2212419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089635442","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2006.04.006","title":"g and the measurement of Multiple Intelligences: A response to Gardner","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Emotional Intelligence and Performance","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Construct (python library); Theory of multiple intelligences; Variety (cybernetics); Test (biology); Construct validity; Cognitive psychology; Human intelligence; Task (project management); Verbal reasoning; Intelligence quotient; Social psychology; Cognition; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06571063224592649,"gpt":0.3321682713439737,"spread":0.2664576390980472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002250255,0.0001709498,0.0002288583,0.0001300504,0.0001038405,0.00002583461,0.0004121483,0.00007603756,0.000719603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003676532,0.000113358,0.00009115457,0.0003698044,0.0004789355,0.00006457021,0.00007502375,0.0001609977,0.0006491175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003664518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004229335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001572269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003862786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981574,0.0002129886,0.0005460357,0.0003308627,0.0004547877,0.0002979417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982287,0.0008283021,0.0001203366,0.000437779,0.0003136492,0.00007128127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04421916,0.001282555,0.04671295,0.0001697519,0.0004312065,0.00005774707,0.04639914,0.01312996,0.01673701,0.5659465,0.01922213,0.245692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001870234,0.002174566,0.1486749,0.0009580231,0.0001853162,0.0002245372,0.01844076,0.009853152,0.46105,0.1181063,0.236439,0.002023248],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8539904,0.003089109,0.1083473,0.002773905,0.001148638,0.001031146,0.00002367236,0.00007447875,0.02952128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997074,0.00006485571,0.0005670366,0.000439144,0.0001100476,0.00008724849,0.000001148641,0.00001343026,0.00164306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4478402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8343309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001021712","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2006.04.003","title":"IQ and the wealth of states","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Per capita; Variance (accounting); Psychology; Gross domestic product; State (computer science); Intelligence quotient; Replicate; Demographic economics; Economics; Demography; Economic growth; Statistics; Geography; Cognition; Population; Sociology; Psychiatry; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02788253267102575,"gpt":0.3251323564962416,"spread":0.2972498238252158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002234833,0.00004033471,0.00007285265,0.00001399069,0.00003348508,0.000005899221,0.00006219816,0.00001435019,0.0004058497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007827175,0.00002584885,0.00001868137,0.00005920803,0.0003034573,0.00001331623,0.00002377463,0.00005219345,0.00002683267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003275783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006035782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004296896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001124118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995714,0.00004963665,0.0001433115,0.00009186515,0.00004441537,0.00009939936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988704,0.000922104,0.00004825023,0.0001008504,0.00004762636,0.00001077637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001277866,0.0000833291,0.05431331,0.00003544242,0.00002376927,0.000005917317,0.006473918,0.00003310807,0.00006062798,0.6610045,0.0008757627,0.2769625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000702074,0.0002955052,0.1712316,0.0001080593,0.00004055748,0.00006063355,0.02062116,0.001217337,0.006367983,0.7869294,0.01214296,0.0002827184],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9033916,0.002345374,0.009214204,0.0007096739,0.0001711334,0.0001666868,0.0000108219,0.00002341565,0.08396707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987976,0.00003224529,0.0001134419,0.000111293,0.00003986944,0.000007689524,9.659451e-7,0.00000349144,0.000893435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2766798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6495649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974947391","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2012.11.004","title":"Life History theory and social deviance: The mediating role of Executive Function","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","field":"Psychology","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Deviance (statistics); Psychology; Executive functions; Structural equation modeling; Developmental psychology; Social psychology; Life history theory; Cognition; Set (abstract data type); Cognitive psychology; Life history; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03849761482734073,"gpt":0.3056066676812335,"spread":0.2671090528538927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003612751,0.00008200753,0.0001028638,0.00003932878,0.0001283995,0.000003881835,0.0001512303,0.0001092319,0.005422524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007159942,0.00006370011,0.00003772092,0.00004204644,0.0005587411,0.00008018077,0.00002878686,0.0002031646,0.0004168513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003279404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002955791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006201427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000547067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991443,0.0002393216,0.000202358,0.0001830077,0.00008311765,0.0001478815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993006,0.0003112927,0.0001253599,0.0001504167,0.00007514415,0.00003721332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002184131,0.0001729511,0.02171066,0.000012192,0.0000899586,0.000001584542,0.06139077,0.000001695346,0.002693607,0.7918787,0.03074922,0.09108022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000192265,0.0002663726,0.7743312,0.00001842063,0.000101049,0.00002023496,0.04024883,0.00002939186,0.0003450076,0.1501772,0.03398938,0.0002806619],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9237712,0.01360308,0.004238224,0.0006769912,0.0019849,0.0004377154,0.000009176964,0.00006855594,0.05521018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963757,0.00001812898,0.00003667055,0.0008465418,0.0001701004,0.00008791791,0.00000291952,0.000008176514,0.002453813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7526206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024862325","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.005","title":"Evidence that analytic cognitive style influences religious belief: Comment on Razmyar and Reeve (2013)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Religiosity; Psychology; Cognitive style; Style (visual arts); Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Relation (database); Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1017315216760536,"gpt":0.361310822504807,"spread":0.2595793008287534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007223001,0.0002374009,0.0002687983,0.0001107986,0.0001698266,0.00007636769,0.0002464971,0.00009121992,0.0005355357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00218112,0.0002108358,0.00006494257,0.0002006803,0.0003929344,0.0001283063,0.0001278348,0.0002916136,0.0006378092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003930367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001974941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001574428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001120226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981073,0.0002551804,0.0003313358,0.0006182848,0.0002722887,0.0004156032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934558,0.005633978,0.0002102506,0.0003555954,0.0002043676,0.000140041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004296378,0.0003217114,0.158746,0.0001070655,0.0001988366,0.00007621983,0.01595186,0.00004262585,0.00008605179,0.009308212,0.006975046,0.8077567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002816726,0.01796753,0.6026667,0.01865669,0.001035082,0.0005636047,0.09066557,0.00726806,0.02457841,0.1352817,0.09282985,0.005670066],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9558228,0.004335386,0.01187738,0.004767805,0.0005519057,0.0006421701,0.0000215409,0.0001581384,0.02182293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928929,0.0006228901,0.0001431115,0.005866444,0.0001028994,0.00005830227,0.000002976348,0.00001946248,0.000291047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8020867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8597636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100716030","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.002","title":"General mental ability in South Asians: Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Romani and Gypsy Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Raven's Progressive Matrices; Demography; Psychology; Population; Ethnic group; Intelligence quotient; Developmental psychology; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2088647436152429,"gpt":0.4335098925582633,"spread":0.2246451489430204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007279534,0.0002015374,0.0003394738,0.0001003513,0.0003432651,0.00001609471,0.0009275968,0.0001520723,0.0007603897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001018022,0.0001841735,0.00003347304,0.0002448622,0.0001839225,0.0002536167,0.0008393765,0.0007056228,0.0003882504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000182367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009501467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1089727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5187977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997647,0.0004580906,0.0007770816,0.0003710438,0.0002192786,0.0005274918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980388,0.0005928824,0.000124572,0.001154126,0.00004452419,0.00004514763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004612195,0.0001242984,0.9781013,0.00003690687,0.0000107522,0.00001202719,0.01697706,0.00005282136,0.0000615027,0.000655615,0.002513818,0.001407749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002627649,0.00003226639,0.9488338,0.0003188928,0.000007188977,4.432297e-7,0.02965405,0.004078447,0.00009173828,0.01289489,0.003585752,0.000239754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890844,0.001200514,0.0006550242,0.000672488,0.0005591178,0.0005529938,0.0005029179,0.00006295113,0.006709584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974353,0.00009765694,0.001141668,0.0003203857,0.0002070089,0.00007226867,0.0003805275,0.00001831175,0.0003268175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4098249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8969607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995833317","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2006.03.007","title":"The chronometry of mental ability: An event-related potential analysis of an auditory oddball discrimination task","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Mismatch negativity; Psychology; Oddball paradigm; Stimulus (psychology); Audiology; Event-related potential; Contingent negative variation; P3b; Electroencephalography; Latency (audio); Backward masking; Engram; Cognitive psychology; Speech recognition; Perception; Neuroscience; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01945868110085606,"gpt":0.2984623725911935,"spread":0.2790036914903374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004060577,0.0001108278,0.0001649506,0.0002440718,0.0001963057,0.00003913079,0.0004897199,0.0000512098,0.0001041946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000126799,0.00008548012,0.0001363132,0.001212286,0.0006373246,0.0005303101,0.00005854605,0.00009548706,0.000008144887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006117715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004370702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003112685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002131719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982392,0.0001933674,0.0004790813,0.0004262567,0.0004607134,0.0002013606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990959,0.00008718485,0.0002577103,0.0004422999,0.00006447077,0.000052454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002144429,0.0003004329,0.0002395249,0.00000476588,0.000006656511,0.000001472766,0.0004139456,0.005105143,0.9782761,0.0006700724,0.0000128705,0.01494762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008190249,0.0003826766,0.188491,0.00001170304,0.0001860434,0.000005565098,0.000753005,0.119949,0.6881014,0.001750643,0.0001060502,0.0001809814],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929724,0.00001339303,0.005912863,0.00005285031,0.0006258125,0.0001618044,0.0000395935,0.00002489575,0.0001964108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996955,0.00004329582,0.00002991858,0.00003642862,0.00005430897,0.00000643808,0.00001920828,0.000006534751,0.0001083616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2901746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3485778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971716574","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2013.10.003","title":"A spiking neural model applied to the study of human performance and cognitive decline on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Neural dynamics and brain function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Raven's Progressive Matrices; Neurophysiology; Cognition; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Task (project management); Human intelligence; Psychology; Spiking neural network; Artificial neural network; Machine learning; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03828880499321415,"gpt":0.3091936214200819,"spread":0.2709048164268678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009525473,0.0001355422,0.0001351683,0.00007379681,0.0002174828,0.00006303138,0.000248205,0.00002191947,0.00001173112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001144852,0.00008859896,0.00001940833,0.0002731033,0.00008306061,0.0001363778,0.0001604876,0.0001502382,0.00002381869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009396417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006728711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001790035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001208383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989277,0.00003616021,0.0002260729,0.0003612512,0.0002610296,0.0001877961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993458,0.0002160364,0.0001407875,0.0001704003,0.00007597794,0.00005094352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005186577,0.0007952964,0.003320915,0.00007121191,0.00001381794,0.00001160889,0.005611283,0.121466,0.2350108,0.001811397,0.00002026405,0.6313488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003065953,0.003323449,0.01201575,0.0001180695,0.00002599513,0.00001044291,0.002286251,0.7499005,0.2302763,0.001411775,0.00001041751,0.000314482],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966903,0.00001154142,0.001208198,0.0001507968,0.0000732851,0.001429518,0.00000354941,0.00002670016,0.0004061249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989783,0.00001135643,0.00006416263,0.0006449772,0.00002488132,0.0001956506,5.813529e-7,0.00001167014,0.00006847495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6310343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3612961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117904316","doi":"10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00093-4","title":"Jensen Effects among African, Indian, and White engineering students in South Africa on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Raven's Progressive Matrices; Percentile; Psychology; Intelligence quotient; Generality; White (mutation); Demography; Population; Test (biology); Ethnic group; Cross-cultural; Clinical psychology; Cognition; Statistics; Mathematics; Anthropology; Psychiatry; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02252455938197665,"gpt":0.2866589648701898,"spread":0.2641344054882132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002158679,0.000198005,0.0002271692,0.0002206152,0.0000554179,0.0000801367,0.0002005482,0.00008175393,0.0003251509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000416717,0.0001873058,0.00003784658,0.0003773711,0.00009680651,0.00006840748,0.00009549211,0.00028105,0.0000974854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005436524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005022552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002737565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001149362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985784,0.00008245427,0.0002517256,0.0004105167,0.0002571095,0.0004198389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998811,0.0007309007,0.0001016666,0.000196712,0.00005817306,0.000101565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001261085,0.0002652763,0.7422193,0.000189677,0.00009414906,0.001365061,0.1677916,0.0002442726,0.0000173727,0.0003639428,0.0001220108,0.08720128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00139414,0.00296208,0.9453946,0.002592857,0.0000966947,0.00006561896,0.03829866,0.002326036,0.002017795,0.00115433,0.002033364,0.001663816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935138,0.001266764,0.00046334,0.00004094396,0.0002055815,0.0005184986,0.00001523262,0.00007399121,0.003901801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991283,0.00001518045,0.0002684449,0.00003087284,0.00006165321,0.0001133972,8.360383e-7,0.00002462451,0.0003567262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2031754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.763811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003966286","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2011.05.001","title":"Statistical inference and spatial patterns in correlates of IQ","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Independence (probability theory); Psychology; Autocorrelation; Intelligence quotient; Econometrics; Statistics; Inference; Spatial analysis; Regression; Spatial ability; Control (management); Statistical inference; Regression analysis; Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics; Cognition; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09408060074509705,"gpt":0.3516821233276913,"spread":0.2576015225825942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001065488,0.00006233839,0.0001032431,0.0000415788,0.0000106213,0.0000036723,0.00006974323,0.0000384864,0.003516335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003601037,0.00005898322,0.00001027295,0.00004696971,0.0001387274,0.00002512039,0.00004679982,0.0001084235,0.00004368632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000538919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001004498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01159008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00103265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994036,0.00004362424,0.000209255,0.0001576423,0.00004937765,0.000136521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990448,0.0007401892,0.00004315735,0.00009578055,0.00004402651,0.00003209422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002257795,0.00005417174,0.7948011,0.00001151264,0.000004043095,0.00001846699,0.004612155,3.429316e-7,0.000009388239,0.01690702,0.000001568737,0.1835577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005351306,0.0001755999,0.9800155,0.00006124951,0.000004574415,0.000007538031,0.001744734,0.0003450264,0.0006511301,0.01685971,0.000007825513,0.00007356577],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8692579,0.00006641319,0.1221216,0.000005091122,0.0001342485,0.00006938359,0.00002418277,0.00000959863,0.008311591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.00001267565,0.0003851892,0.00001996463,0.00001124205,0.000008556095,0.000001689578,0.000004729393,0.00003995388],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1852145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965687021","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2007.11.003","title":"Does test anxiety induce measurement bias in cognitive ability tests?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Personality Traits and Psychology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Test anxiety; Anxiety; Test (biology); Cognition; Cognitive bias; Structural equation modeling; Cognitive test; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Response bias; Statistics; Social psychology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.263615330102885,"gpt":0.3985616535835013,"spread":0.1349463234806164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001293994,0.0002259086,0.0002732244,0.0001075924,0.0001134287,0.00001308009,0.0003254608,0.0002078104,0.002835494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001392595,0.0001584364,0.00009186529,0.0004255588,0.0004631223,0.00008525703,0.00003874875,0.0005746749,0.0007469476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001014337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008427104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001031691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001011699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976807,0.0003080659,0.0004753033,0.0006911755,0.0003545117,0.000490303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982424,0.0008811627,0.000103396,0.0004054158,0.0002407186,0.0001268692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235642,0.001518757,0.9145291,0.00001393616,0.00004243276,0.0001160481,0.01272507,0.000001914003,0.0009933111,0.0005064766,0.001382884,0.06804647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002704726,0.0002027609,0.9873363,0.00006812652,0.000009847304,0.0001107773,0.001746322,0.000007480882,0.002013669,0.001772025,0.006172054,0.000290168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655941,0.0003723507,0.001106066,0.001027786,0.001165996,0.000390379,0.00006016337,0.00008125974,0.03020193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976606,0.00009983451,0.0001264687,0.00138422,0.0001367354,0.00008710613,0.000004832768,0.00001619048,0.0004839542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07280716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040450144","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2011.08.001","title":"IQ, skin color, crime, HIV/AIDS, and income in 50 U.S. states","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Demography; Life expectancy; Nexus (standard); Developmental psychology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05873063188733219,"gpt":0.3198825609804605,"spread":0.2611519290931283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002697035,0.0001235648,0.0001552472,0.0001047377,0.00004065318,0.00001689601,0.0001509594,0.00006276877,0.002863402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001863466,0.0001186056,0.00002675664,0.0001651017,0.0001912909,0.00007784028,0.00009751103,0.0001736183,0.0003958335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002137323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001480053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002397627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002179473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99897,0.00008082185,0.0002730075,0.0003102796,0.0000713476,0.0002944908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991175,0.0005112778,0.00005400283,0.0001914173,0.00006113769,0.00006466919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001681431,0.0003125081,0.6867554,0.00005239245,0.00003940249,0.000128683,0.03490082,0.000003200644,0.00009633935,0.07258193,0.0003459832,0.2046152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003129899,0.0006811076,0.871457,0.0001778903,0.00002087144,0.00007335789,0.02416778,0.0002638276,0.005630225,0.09132154,0.005370152,0.0005232695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.92866,0.0007690492,0.002095913,0.00003251775,0.0002358206,0.0001817713,0.00001620208,0.00005016068,0.06795859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996942,0.00005443209,0.001570732,0.0001758248,0.0000340664,0.00003546759,0.000002965046,0.00001419805,0.00117027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2040919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065098502","doi":"10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00088-5","title":"Behavioral Genetics (4th edition)","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Behavioural genetics; Psychology; Cognitive science; Developmental psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1423796787218366,"gpt":0.3704874172539709,"spread":0.2281077385321343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006252337,0.00008553878,0.00007463529,0.00003593502,0.00006683755,0.00002114642,0.0001338612,0.00004908429,0.03127635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000464349,0.00008757962,0.00004524421,0.0001169642,0.000104202,0.00003944823,0.00003425055,0.0001246014,0.003690295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001750982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000340109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000109482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001776546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992599,0.00003120961,0.0001692294,0.0002110347,0.00009936783,0.0002291858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999464,0.0001487078,0.00003686799,0.0002095942,0.0000834806,0.00005738758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005045074,0.0003349945,0.01687027,0.000005565386,0.00001279367,0.00006491559,0.003334394,0.000008239193,0.00007238517,0.00760182,0.008477225,0.9632124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001130272,0.004454974,0.1551937,0.0003613237,0.0003345194,0.001120289,0.03274393,0.008891115,0.02503625,0.07997329,0.6869169,0.003843389],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7147962,0.001661285,0.01831212,0.0003452835,0.002355072,0.0002331892,0.00003289077,0.000200088,0.2620639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937202,0.00002652285,0.0005497778,0.0002329642,0.0003335557,0.00002505848,0.000003179907,0.00001232341,0.005096379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9593689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964283537","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2011.06.009","title":"On the myth and the reality of the temporal validity degradation of general mental ability test scores","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Construct validity; Psychology; Criterion validity; Predictive validity; Construct (python library); Cognitive psychology; Concurrent validity; Test (biology); Test validity; Developmental psychology; Incremental validity; Measurement invariance; Ecological validity; Social psychology; Psychometrics; Cognition; Statistics; Confirmatory factor analysis; Computer science; Structural equation modeling; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.170979267735781,"gpt":0.3421632073328595,"spread":0.1711839395970785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001132749,0.0000833607,0.0001194286,0.00001088798,0.000113933,0.000006651356,0.0002496699,0.00003168518,0.0003474255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001368606,0.00003725348,0.0000711699,0.0001057155,0.001153998,0.00002868308,0.00009533547,0.0001309567,0.000003651893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001364427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001935838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008141221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002621236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998888,0.0004077987,0.0002838255,0.0001713704,0.0001396437,0.0001093641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969999,0.002275514,0.0001873182,0.0004197915,0.0001011314,0.00001639775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004044567,0.0004648324,0.7009873,0.00003828753,0.00004908726,6.853053e-7,0.01585236,0.000002464046,0.0006157716,0.2556036,0.0006814682,0.02529961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002045155,0.0002732146,0.8145158,0.0000608623,0.000034841,0.000008388995,0.003729897,0.0003644715,0.04427832,0.136352,0.0000734634,0.0001042918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876623,0.0000504233,0.0004143477,0.0008395538,0.0001894719,0.0003719092,0.00005004335,0.000008147579,0.01041376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995243,0.000006918298,0.00006129004,0.0002229057,0.00002386487,0.00001885268,0.000001545326,0.000004317228,0.0001360191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1192517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1504690060","doi":"10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00086-1","title":"Why early intervention works","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","field":"Medicine","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Intervention (counseling); Psychology; Appeal; Developmental psychology; Variance (accounting); Clinical psychology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03483419718286779,"gpt":0.279714471702893,"spread":0.2448802745200252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007290772,0.00007992197,0.0001000944,0.00006501628,0.00003223506,0.0000295962,0.00007962182,0.00006317353,0.003520213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004329845,0.00007059795,0.00008116652,0.0001363284,0.00003224494,0.0001083168,0.00002392431,0.0001444566,0.0003637984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002447005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002903207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002644166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005930423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993808,0.00001364657,0.0001751116,0.000139892,0.0001421044,0.000148452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996551,0.00002299204,0.00003451805,0.0001600363,0.00006780903,0.0000595856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001153486,0.00006195593,0.04646944,0.0001179804,0.00008294207,0.0002086454,0.007231847,0.000004161057,0.0003944818,0.0007737307,0.02984696,0.9146925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001452755,0.001793091,0.04446344,0.006092288,0.0002433985,0.0007069308,0.001337102,0.009111309,0.1270439,0.004798263,0.801169,0.001788584],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8180503,0.003027407,0.02485481,0.002205897,0.001304922,0.0005279026,0.00000724956,0.0002950961,0.1497264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957005,0.0001532052,0.001316033,0.001099463,0.0000869564,0.000009976578,0.00001193945,0.000009143587,0.001612767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9129039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010736369","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2014.02.007","title":"A comment on “Fractionating Intelligence” and the peer review process","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Medical Research Council","keywords":"Psychology; Constructive; Construct (python library); Process (computing); Meaning (existential); Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychotherapist","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1010839787647739,"gpt":0.4025971510332165,"spread":0.3015131722684427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002086987,0.000129029,0.0001826139,0.00002915786,0.0001739805,0.00003799711,0.0002023033,0.00003445682,0.001171615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00456364,0.00008368535,0.00005165264,0.0001560633,0.0002458975,0.00004447339,0.00005318023,0.0002877194,0.0003037702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001822297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001008886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001574409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008031336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986558,0.0002356004,0.0003082381,0.0002861177,0.0003097551,0.0002044995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959677,0.003207867,0.0001246942,0.0002609451,0.0003917521,0.00004704231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005274418,0.00007291865,0.0006254651,0.0001939909,0.00002647541,0.000001952417,0.003094475,0.00001850299,4.737496e-7,0.2388614,0.003642092,0.7534096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005376104,0.000825714,0.002216874,0.006024865,0.0001692492,0.0002007358,0.0188448,0.007663655,0.0009994896,0.3058867,0.6557085,0.0009218166],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01209373,0.01244973,0.1485596,0.2971676,0.001708514,0.002461556,0.000015049,0.0002655958,0.5252787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.971213,0.000370852,0.0001412228,0.02694076,0.0001325434,0.0001627104,0.000002913974,0.00001266286,0.001023315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9591193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904407846","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2018.12.001","title":"Growing minds have a maturing mental attention: A review of Demetriou and Spanoudis (2018)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Theory of mind; Human intelligence; Developmental psychology; Cognition; Cognitive science; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1395338252042481,"gpt":0.4147029019472052,"spread":0.2751690767429571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007159394,0.0003713015,0.00127652,0.0001967653,0.00008631923,0.00002596963,0.0003140266,0.0001859433,0.001904429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005643275,0.0003219476,0.0004500525,0.0003560804,0.0002649755,0.00009022942,0.0002628404,0.0003130195,0.000230668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006867276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005631127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001153035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008023067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975699,0.0002129581,0.001026843,0.0006256318,0.0002154139,0.0003492712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980825,0.000663917,0.0005702573,0.0004482688,0.0001472746,0.00008781051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002498948,0.00003095013,0.00005534898,0.06263986,0.0001605616,0.00001547581,0.0001785397,7.411167e-10,1.275308e-7,0.0002564736,0.0005679472,0.9360922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003092462,0.0001043635,0.00002319034,0.228194,0.0005385416,0.0003056494,0.0003206384,9.158765e-7,0.000004058919,0.0001053281,0.7700854,0.0002870127],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002963962,0.9902554,0.0002895685,0.00003061968,0.0008072216,0.0007650637,0.00006831119,0.00002813517,0.007726014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00009532421,0.9977829,0.0004102841,0.0001100061,0.000250586,0.0001046189,0.0000358883,0.00004279877,0.00116762],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768548437","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.005","title":"Differential environmental influences on the development of cognitive abilities during childhood","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Medical Research Council","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Developmental psychology; Twin study; Cognitive development; Child development; Longitudinal study; Heritability; Evolutionary biology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04449008267378299,"gpt":0.3100468125574236,"spread":0.2655567298836405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001288769,0.0001362249,0.0001321755,0.00003086032,0.0006088794,0.00004653607,0.0003845612,0.00004029929,0.003539583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005563503,0.00009625735,0.00006058899,0.00001783424,0.0006029409,0.00006574694,0.0001734105,0.0001555919,0.0001902269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000243036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002188053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005719018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002446769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989883,0.00005586176,0.0002946781,0.0002582103,0.0001813045,0.0002217033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984769,0.000934738,0.0001967491,0.0003313051,0.00002637982,0.0000339536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002486722,0.001075356,0.4848599,0.00004636143,0.0003617767,0.0000142982,0.1456717,0.000004146289,0.002734713,0.008657436,0.000008086471,0.3563176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009105106,0.00007593249,0.9140289,0.0001721915,0.00001074195,0.000003567894,0.02063447,0.000003156582,0.06357704,0.001267069,0.00001529503,0.0001205857],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863758,0.00004147769,0.0002066247,0.00005723257,0.000231415,0.0002171638,0.00002561786,0.00001601431,0.01282862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994667,0.000004293502,0.0000374363,0.00003029311,0.00006801848,0.00006016071,0.000002338673,0.000009763134,0.0003210666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.429169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080851087","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.010","title":"Yes, but flaws remain","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Psychoanalysis; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05385272849518812,"gpt":0.2809299900953494,"spread":0.2270772616001612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003337685,0.0001227357,0.0001317368,0.00005696974,0.0001819749,0.00003794016,0.0003083543,0.00003916896,0.0001508561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01921213,0.000111698,0.00005560881,0.0002404417,0.0001897958,0.0001258742,0.0001224747,0.0001450747,0.001847761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003781102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001893618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003967718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003632706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987208,0.0001327816,0.0001654285,0.0004563717,0.0002765032,0.0002480991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944878,0.005023436,0.0000509476,0.0003351094,0.00004281176,0.00005990436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006913642,0.0001662205,0.001320102,0.00004857274,0.00001316554,0.0000365737,0.0006227971,0.0007330524,0.3475477,0.4314693,0.02496064,0.1930128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003997032,0.000122325,0.0004106141,0.00002312874,0.000003902379,0.00003584574,0.0000674704,0.003806771,0.7943901,0.04091267,0.1599647,0.0002225041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3310351,0.0003241302,0.3932202,0.02411418,0.004896932,0.0007274242,0.00002854327,0.001047916,0.2446055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898214,0.00003841231,0.0006319854,0.006163867,0.0001994703,0.00001921541,2.946785e-7,0.00001346288,0.003111864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6587864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139861652","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2021.101541","title":"No evidence for an effect of a working memory training program on white matter microstructure","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; Alberta Health Services","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Alberta Innovates; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Psychological Association","keywords":"Working memory; Fractional anisotropy; Diffusion MRI; Psychology; White matter; Working memory training; Neuroimaging; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2242696941679697,"gpt":0.4499542059522998,"spread":0.2256845117843302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001182982,0.0001128275,0.0001988262,0.00003563474,0.00004467656,0.00001570488,0.0001128772,0.00004519633,0.00005311413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001923424,0.00009427357,0.00008253752,0.0001671889,0.0000666163,0.00004981945,0.0000263561,0.0001606324,0.00001191073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001907253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003443214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001599613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001003379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992139,0.00002612588,0.000186174,0.000306927,0.0001021115,0.0001647011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991062,0.0002568001,0.00007259127,0.0003891486,0.0001185455,0.00005666821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007088814,0.0001929677,0.01475087,0.0007634172,0.00002481129,0.00003095467,0.0007166728,0.000139437,0.2360479,0.0003019799,0.0008770851,0.745445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000171849,0.002215581,0.002925418,0.002322487,0.00007172896,0.0001771108,0.0000751727,0.001424552,0.9818342,0.0009489221,0.007641884,0.0001910905],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7685462,0.0008772023,0.2179559,0.00216779,0.0003427308,0.00441261,0.00002436498,0.0006235311,0.005049629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9099421,0.0000377674,0.08849852,0.0007045324,0.00009801998,0.00024414,0.0000109045,0.00002400133,0.0004400233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7457862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3844365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011992002","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2020.101438","title":"Differences and secular trends in childhood IQ trajectories in Guatemala City","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hospital for Sick Children; SickKids Foundation","funders":"Medical Research Council; Loughborough University; University of Leicester; Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; National Institute for Health and Care Research; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research","keywords":"Secular variation; Psychology; Intelligence quotient; Developmental psychology; Demography; Cognition; Sociology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07191422279439522,"gpt":0.3232981256570192,"spread":0.2513839028626239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001272274,0.0001197685,0.0001915813,0.0000898008,0.0000258493,0.00002383586,0.0001207986,0.00005781553,0.001125999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002491983,0.0001114136,0.00002976965,0.0004260596,0.000104562,0.00005796336,0.00005296197,0.0002135403,0.00001774894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000127363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001017185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009252488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006415612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990175,0.00008699283,0.0002485016,0.0003390611,0.00008197179,0.0002259381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995061,0.0002782616,0.00003758239,0.00009637926,0.00002060847,0.00006103147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002439848,0.00006611738,0.8205422,0.00001339752,0.000009928942,0.00005930109,0.03155681,0.000002246118,0.00003452531,0.002348537,0.00001417711,0.1453283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001274302,0.0001494277,0.9895909,0.00004613041,0.00000406399,0.000009489408,0.006624997,0.000167758,0.0003835666,0.002668966,0.00007937097,0.0001478486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908311,0.0006568673,0.0003433165,0.0005809875,0.00009939163,0.00008358443,0.000008376284,0.00003150755,0.007364859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995372,0.0000229561,0.00006225415,0.000219015,0.00005568799,0.00002066704,0.000002008259,0.000007446587,0.00007271908],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1690487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171989290","doi":"10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00055-2","title":"The Battlegrounds of Bio-Science: Cross-Examining the Experts on Evolutionary Psychology, Race, Intelligence, & Genetics, Population, Environment, & Cloning By Frank Miele, Bloomington, In: 1stBooks, 2002, ISBN: 1-4033-6030-8, pp. xvi+316","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Race (biology); Population; Cloning (programming); Demography; Sociology; Gender studies; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06409649142669242,"gpt":0.3308799037653311,"spread":0.2667834123386386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002088256,0.0003210474,0.0002516823,0.0002418571,0.001945402,0.0003633059,0.001113499,0.0001297094,0.002082028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006703672,0.0002235768,0.00009660597,0.0004350742,0.004028636,0.0004402259,0.00009221121,0.0003991115,0.0003611525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001973792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001528701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003796486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004538369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965724,0.0002529716,0.0009699829,0.0007330309,0.0007766653,0.0006949331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976768,0.0006255897,0.0004078533,0.0009204173,0.0002391601,0.0001302084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001836347,0.001542318,0.1949667,0.00005005289,0.00009004981,0.000003046928,0.09105371,0.008619875,0.004947848,0.4953836,0.1612144,0.04194474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001200369,0.0001600124,0.01946176,0.00009018107,0.00001521905,0.00001585981,0.0100276,0.0006747849,0.002084526,0.006361862,0.9604808,0.0005073151],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8910402,0.02645379,0.01506073,0.002312149,0.007639202,0.001276924,0.00006026904,0.0001304571,0.05602625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828948,0.003100812,0.0007655438,0.0005800174,0.0002389253,0.00006905626,0.00002013015,0.00002599366,0.0123047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7992665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072950885","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2004.01.001","title":"Maximizing IntelligenceDavid J. Armor (2003), New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0-7658-0185-X (hbk), pp. xi+227","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Military History and Strategy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Database transaction; Library science; Psychology; Computer science; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04473109936593148,"gpt":0.2963212636381812,"spread":0.2515901642722497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001207127,0.0004088318,0.0004063332,0.000201076,0.001012664,0.0003564683,0.001145572,0.0003792666,0.003635775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006511321,0.0004412189,0.0002259203,0.001779566,0.0007277317,0.002256685,0.00003616323,0.0007037915,0.001187311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007667136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003675551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09216845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0607798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961842,0.0002582866,0.0007692451,0.0008673599,0.0008846626,0.001036291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979898,0.0001464082,0.0001940616,0.0005705148,0.0004111367,0.0006880738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003865291,0.0006508274,0.0005761526,0.0001237492,0.0001613481,0.0002898388,0.110707,0.007797137,0.001054636,0.4301903,0.02068498,0.4273775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003436536,0.000438378,0.0003866902,0.0002507868,0.00009465068,0.00005394384,0.04822856,0.0002195869,0.01026734,0.06716987,0.8710753,0.00147119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05158083,0.01970638,0.7251241,0.006880526,0.01049421,0.001983284,0.00002042393,0.001347508,0.1828627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686115,0.005722722,0.008088468,0.00105237,0.001234042,0.00002801391,0.00002404033,0.00007077462,0.01516804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9170307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415504615","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101966","title":"Family-level intelligence and maternal health: A cross-cohort, cross-generational longitudinal study using the NLSY","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Aging","funders":"National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Reading (process); Longitudinal study; Association (psychology); Intelligence quotient; Reading comprehension; Comprehension; Mental health; Cognition; Educational attainment; Correlation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.238401111280914,"gpt":0.4703418467220417,"spread":0.2319407354411278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001103142,0.0002617523,0.0002731972,0.0001206013,0.0007838795,0.000436798,0.0004268966,0.00007569804,0.0005553374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002956467,0.0002097429,0.00007519948,0.0003967808,0.0006218783,0.0001584568,0.0002954616,0.0003649543,0.00005460809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001133344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000176795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006401563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004246958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975471,0.0002050241,0.0007239844,0.0007217901,0.0002934233,0.0005086708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981794,0.0007493197,0.0001740474,0.0004458526,0.0003622719,0.00008908074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006675728,0.0001746841,0.9399116,0.00002446818,0.0001043071,0.0000244344,0.002288996,0.0004156491,0.00004314546,0.01082746,0.00004572345,0.04607274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001060044,0.0001767977,0.9870675,0.00008230995,0.00002500191,0.00007552821,0.003911711,0.002108565,0.0005258676,0.005546029,0.0001684287,0.0002062371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8539342,0.001348852,0.1409887,0.0001751214,0.001038301,0.0006513628,0.00004604303,0.00005045229,0.00176694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963087,0.00002942765,0.0008626777,0.0007025806,0.0001946589,0.00009249276,0.00000383778,0.00001854159,0.001787107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1423744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9677291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416342851","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101967","title":"Racial hereditarian research remains unjustified and harmful: A reply to Woodley et al. (2025a, b)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Division of Integrative Organismal Systems; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Harm; Racism; Racial differences; White (mutation); Racial formation theory; Racial bias","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03780101178051492,"gpt":0.3845702873814034,"spread":0.3467692756008885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001155974,0.000151252,0.0001502372,0.00008130771,0.0002325091,0.00008551437,0.0003418071,0.0001467525,0.00002672693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001002157,0.0001564566,0.00006825969,0.0002973171,0.0002067017,0.000004204433,0.0003819998,0.0002770054,0.00004009465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002899484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002540706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001556333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005410842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983176,0.0001664741,0.0002544739,0.0006694181,0.0001987007,0.0003933248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988199,0.00007316355,0.00003180468,0.0006046176,0.0003186383,0.0001519002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003821199,0.0001762776,0.001819838,0.00007535438,0.0001494353,0.0000242121,0.003279326,0.0001933811,0.2844763,0.007664705,0.6682747,0.03348437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001404344,0.0003849176,0.001169533,0.00006287527,0.0000117787,0.000005676667,0.00182218,0.0001459941,0.2009888,0.002192267,0.7928326,0.0002428735],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8783949,0.003837505,0.04877043,0.04646248,0.001480797,0.001018682,0.00005616025,0.00005726178,0.01992176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615336,0.001921566,0.003088267,0.02237283,0.0002540374,0.00005294951,0.00002778378,0.0000227539,0.01072618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1245579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6380116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413153828","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101949","title":"Measuring general cognitive ability in early elementary students: A shortened version of the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lingnan University; Canada Foundation for Innovation; U.S. Commission of Fine Arts","keywords":"Raven's Progressive Matrices; Psychology; Cognition; Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03529164227479786,"gpt":0.3548952231080262,"spread":0.3196035808332283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005713637,0.0001326269,0.0002039504,0.0001047243,0.00008691652,0.00002567974,0.000377641,0.0000546956,0.0003670525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003880199,0.0001048351,0.00009138616,0.000487726,0.0002198777,0.00007402233,0.0002735476,0.0002140558,0.00001017059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001182139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006610952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001140946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001783046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983984,0.0002548248,0.0004148252,0.0003479317,0.0003251318,0.0002588485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987332,0.0005648732,0.0001357723,0.0002333575,0.0003054925,0.00002736621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004168704,0.0002074327,0.919311,0.00004866805,0.00008882627,0.00001528895,0.003302241,0.00001621216,0.0001058028,0.0003967872,0.00001977607,0.07607108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004299771,0.0002419896,0.9699782,0.0008350268,0.00006646445,0.000002362499,0.01223437,0.00004916048,0.01280975,0.003132787,0.00006740384,0.0001525173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938627,0.0006150953,0.001112191,0.00008519413,0.0003561689,0.0007270798,0.00005913739,0.00001992152,0.003162462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99949,0.00001248224,0.0001555213,0.0001038722,0.00002645635,0.00007971472,0.000002868449,0.000007150288,0.0001219127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07591856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4275053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}