{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"3bc73cc6f28c","filters":{"venue":"International Economic Journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W2981416669","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2019.1677742","title":"Socio-Economic Factors and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung; Australian Agency for International Development; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; University of Oxford; International Development Research Centre; Economic and Social Research Council; International Fine Particle Research Institute; Yale University; United Nations Development Programme; Robertson Foundation; UNICEF","keywords":"Empowerment; Socioeconomics; Poverty; Economic growth; Demographic economics; Economics; Business","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Waqas Khalid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nahla Samargandi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aadil Hameed Shah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seita Almandeel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02003179777262986,"gpt":0.2568760682729719,"spread":0.2368442705003421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001330201,0.0003704563,0.0003743403,0.001365991,0.001844793,0.001275658,0.0005621867,0.0004777819,0.00423076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002705848,0.0003876047,0.0004408323,0.003308233,0.001512616,0.0008953264,0.00148064,0.0009338894,0.0003809048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009514036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00293366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06718663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0991669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993159,0.0002235533,0.00005652044,0.00008595781,0.0001272644,0.0001908951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976252,0.001023391,0.0005697715,0.0001018052,0.000321514,0.0003583627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001940339,0.0003671258,0.9420412,0.0008807369,0.0002159065,0.00152175,0.01449274,0.0001838231,0.0001651729,0.001213991,0.004595894,0.03412772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002320516,0.0001407768,0.9684303,0.0005004109,0.00008576829,0.0003684044,0.02349465,0.00009998138,0.00006409013,0.000205618,0.00656776,0.00001917127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888722,0.002615226,0.0001097909,0.001565114,0.00003911496,0.00003600711,0.002133187,0.000004698369,0.004624716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953611,0.002882937,0.000123836,0.0002944318,0.00002212298,0.0000280505,0.0008944761,0.000002967302,0.0003900916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06718663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1335911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035552525","doi":"10.1080/10168730000000034","title":"The Behavior of the Current Account in Response to Unobservable and Observable Shocks","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cointegration; Economics; Current account; Unobservable; Depreciation (economics); Econometrics; Small open economy; Sample (material); Macroeconomics; Monetary economics; Monetary policy; Exchange rate; Microeconomics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Manuchehr Irandoust","is_ca":false},{"name":"Boo Sjöö","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06222828116303749,"gpt":0.2674787286851117,"spread":0.2052504475220742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009753769,0.0002852867,0.0004475724,0.001616807,0.0004050085,0.003125836,0.0004190673,0.0007665363,0.003469508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00802555,0.0002954855,0.0004016748,0.00210827,0.0005187708,0.001640122,0.000574844,0.0009663684,0.001135762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001012996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004395058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009331169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008854316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999582,0.00007413427,0.00005371455,0.0001006617,0.0001346105,0.00005479236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963917,0.001149526,0.001552933,0.0002410011,0.0005168755,0.0001478452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006172608,0.0002291738,0.8527678,0.0002105169,0.0004301193,0.0009654064,0.002694027,0.0241972,0.01465464,0.02833414,0.004427416,0.07047234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002543214,0.0001966902,0.9352257,0.00006807474,0.0001295918,0.0005673401,0.0007857755,0.0363785,0.003425528,0.01024039,0.01286679,0.00009025475],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802877,0.0006387372,0.00418045,0.0006820279,0.00006772688,0.00004143932,0.003065364,0.00009367082,0.01094286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911861,0.0006486425,0.001146864,0.0000422937,0.0000349572,0.00001645564,0.003213726,0.00002854033,0.003682471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009331169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01855373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400459705","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2024.2372764","title":"Effect of Grain Corridor Agreement on Grain Prices","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; International economics","authors":[{"name":"Demet Özocaklı","is_ca":false},{"name":"Berna Doğan Başar","is_ca":false},{"name":"İbrahim Halil Ekşi̇","is_ca":false},{"name":"William Ginn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01247706377202933,"gpt":0.2567148824304086,"spread":0.2442378186583792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008628906,0.000241033,0.0003132764,0.0003076254,0.000387934,0.002135819,0.0003806329,0.0007490241,0.002827865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004635483,0.000138131,0.0004999678,0.0004027585,0.0005574774,0.000796867,0.001144652,0.001362704,0.0002145735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001006964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008817338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009163625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004853913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993118,0.0001889176,0.00005345034,0.0001304972,0.0001315973,0.0001836722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976672,0.0007121839,0.001179828,0.0001035593,0.0001494739,0.0001877956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00178829,0.0006528665,0.7281417,0.0001284449,0.0005704224,0.003431637,0.0009586555,0.1924885,0.008670338,0.03454752,0.002495908,0.02612574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001520118,0.0009418885,0.7899495,0.00006860928,0.0002339877,0.0004296834,0.00392864,0.1768006,0.004316821,0.01647883,0.006544784,0.0001546964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943233,0.0001193794,0.001170641,0.0002479159,0.00002276079,0.000009343058,0.000154881,0.00002513496,0.003926592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994317,0.00004183246,0.00008184262,0.00002140699,0.000005897138,0.000003098763,0.00008239026,0.000003141147,0.0003288637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009163625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01822054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047036904","doi":"10.1080/10168730200000016","title":"Habits And Durability In Consumption And The Effects Of Exchange Rate Policies","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Consumption (sociology); Depreciation (economics); Monetary economics; Exchange rate; Currency; Durable good; Durability; Microeconomics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Arman Mansoorian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simon Neaime","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04506837131696666,"gpt":0.2303868406423026,"spread":0.1853184693253359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001153666,0.0002555489,0.0002866665,0.0006482833,0.0002798895,0.001487706,0.0002657451,0.0006659292,0.006127547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006805862,0.0002626307,0.0005947953,0.000701554,0.001077797,0.00151638,0.0008641729,0.0008411975,0.0003306552],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009203991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003064911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004845389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003231647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996815,0.0001265869,0.00003186221,0.0000490123,0.00003952694,0.00007156777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946991,0.002624656,0.001604348,0.0004861278,0.0001693751,0.0004163625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002549296,0.0007057286,0.3588558,0.0002898012,0.0006731348,0.001863393,0.003071055,0.1532294,0.004663013,0.3812798,0.002238651,0.09058079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002530925,0.000658908,0.5530155,0.0001277582,0.0004020521,0.000721957,0.001360494,0.06626858,0.002106999,0.3638872,0.01108038,0.0001170094],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9710035,0.001278947,0.005884562,0.001152533,0.00003248789,0.00001923809,0.0003037873,0.00003801332,0.02028691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950501,0.0005153994,0.0003116911,0.00004480262,0.00002647424,0.00000567034,0.00006620058,0.000007691009,0.003971985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006127547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02049863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013674682","doi":"10.1080/10168730802700277","title":"International Productivity Differences and the Roles of Domestic Investment, FDI and Trade","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Productivity; Developing country; Foreign direct investment; Granger causality; International economics; Demographic economics; Investment (military); Monetary economics; International trade; Macroeconomics; Econometrics; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"Gouranga Gopal Das","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiranya K. Nath","is_ca":false},{"name":"Halis Murat Yildiz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03222172044242355,"gpt":0.2269267075223488,"spread":0.1947049870799253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001182967,0.0002568009,0.0002216489,0.002797324,0.0002043219,0.001241604,0.0001879414,0.0002121779,0.002004345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00543798,0.00008562367,0.0003752151,0.003854188,0.0007657325,0.001123149,0.0006821612,0.000437219,0.0002933351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009168132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003083745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00230791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002060511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995494,0.0001161786,0.00004221812,0.00006358698,0.0001209212,0.0001075996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943134,0.002351361,0.002213342,0.0002816456,0.0003968883,0.0004434509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001301649,0.00003673179,0.9492984,0.00005900727,0.0002362203,0.0002956631,0.0003437925,0.007150312,0.0004308823,0.01260938,0.0007558129,0.0286536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008420938,0.00006050881,0.9822732,0.00003236056,0.00004737629,0.0002382222,0.0003893325,0.007136279,0.0004241593,0.006260772,0.003112003,0.00001744865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783937,0.002263829,0.001936866,0.0003269174,0.00002752248,0.00001108867,0.0009405907,0.00002491447,0.01607458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989074,0.0002467683,0.0001530738,0.00000654951,0.00001823167,0.000002542587,0.0002732375,0.000001992375,0.0003901807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002797324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006705225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098419001","doi":"10.1080/10168730200000008","title":"Fiscal Policy And The Composition Of Private Consumption: Some Evidence From The U.A. And Canada","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Consumption (sociology); Private consumption; Harm; Crowding out; Fiscal policy; Consumer spending; Public good; Monetary economics; Goods and services; Private good; Phenomenon; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Economy","authors":[{"name":"Malley Jim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hassan Molana","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03829993371423178,"gpt":0.229294470817211,"spread":0.1909945371029792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001316384,0.0002378611,0.0006086224,0.002104587,0.003705855,0.002565063,0.001332492,0.0006636284,0.003613025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00689695,0.0002783882,0.0004880397,0.01011151,0.001943967,0.0007099454,0.001098518,0.0009699488,0.0002521211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05137253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04871262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9987562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9991935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988458,0.00009753984,0.00004933801,0.0001388239,0.0004574883,0.0004110009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994179,0.0008047233,0.0008851437,0.0003257329,0.003170038,0.0006352473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000662308,0.0001197446,0.9123874,0.0002673698,0.0003902016,0.0003190265,0.0056117,0.00342824,0.0003014387,0.01624816,0.01709901,0.04316523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006942255,0.00002755711,0.9694159,0.000157882,0.0001571795,0.00005674886,0.005236111,0.001161668,0.0003534432,0.001491906,0.02180874,0.00006343496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9524183,0.006346385,0.0002623566,0.006919309,0.00002473774,0.00004112806,0.01042631,0.0000255275,0.02353598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889287,0.0046575,0.0002688402,0.0004641207,0.00001023923,0.000008145226,0.003188514,0.00001185988,0.002462042],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05137253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3727355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085130786","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2010.525983","title":"Evaluation of the Underground Economy in Quebec: A Microeconomic Approach","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Journal","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Economics; Estimation; Work (physics); Government (linguistics); Marginal propensity to consume; Economy; Survey data collection; Labour economics; Econometrics; Macroeconomics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Bernard Fortin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guy Lacroix","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dominique Pinard","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04470232106295968,"gpt":0.2647870121990891,"spread":0.2200846911361294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001597766,0.0003291461,0.0004949647,0.002215296,0.001763732,0.00347443,0.001220301,0.0009337696,0.005028044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005594985,0.0001855126,0.0004700235,0.003411488,0.001085707,0.001309988,0.0006467442,0.0008501484,0.0001559461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05674674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0303865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9843644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9883483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987189,0.0004481448,0.0000373886,0.00008244062,0.0003919287,0.0003212909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957605,0.001389127,0.0003744832,0.0001074085,0.002088871,0.0002796893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005933263,0.0006739372,0.2462348,0.0003145992,0.0003819838,0.001543836,0.001575096,0.4253304,0.001753091,0.234312,0.01833859,0.06894832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001216671,0.0003661317,0.2946332,0.000275992,0.0002094075,0.0001357915,0.01001513,0.6509714,0.001887822,0.01894522,0.02229002,0.000148296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9308984,0.001076112,0.004208782,0.002990612,0.00002754557,0.0002375396,0.003136951,0.00004636944,0.05737777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934232,0.0002248331,0.0008215672,0.00005607763,0.00000627315,0.00002153536,0.0003445928,0.000008924553,0.005092985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05674674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4117283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}