{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":44,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":44,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"4563641546ea","filters":{"venue":"International Higher Education"}},"results":[{"id":"W2128176306","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2003.33.7391","title":"Updated Definition of Internationalization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":417,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wellesley Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Higher education; Political science; Quality (philosophy); Regional science; Business; Public administration; Sociology; International trade; Epistemology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05180975277292232,"gpt":0.3662775883752127,"spread":0.3144678356022904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035233,0.00007648207,0.00007996493,0.000179941,0.00006931357,0.00005050893,0.0002618358,0.00006730558,0.002124658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000129645,0.00008529004,0.00003499252,0.0003075151,0.00008252885,0.0004820146,0.00002161319,0.00005194026,0.0002123117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004926174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001506948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001252305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008065068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986177,0.00007796514,0.0002981783,0.0001581004,0.000735408,0.0001126668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982202,0.00003364812,0.0002410018,0.0001062547,0.001284083,0.0001147805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002072759,0.0002938441,0.03025426,0.000002427027,0.0000251889,1.904193e-7,0.004917764,0.00001723705,0.00005871552,0.8798171,0.08228038,0.002312122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002450384,0.00001210153,0.05898689,0.0000276376,0.000007483331,8.317874e-7,0.001028825,0.000004837352,0.0001859035,0.07229105,0.8671003,0.0001091246],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1762379,0.0002065073,0.0008207693,0.01704921,0.0142004,0.0002427057,0.00001667215,0.000103181,0.7911227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9632429,0.000046047,0.004499095,0.0007255787,0.0007978464,0.00004548911,0.0003610718,0.000009745797,0.03027217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8075261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965599234","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2011.62.8532","title":"Five Myths about Internationalization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":233,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Mythology; Unintended consequences; Business; Track (disk drive); Element (criminal law); Political science; International trade; Engineering; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02903437094878515,"gpt":0.373032017023989,"spread":0.3439976460752038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003969508,0.0001125917,0.00008692183,0.0001774658,0.0001625174,0.0001848528,0.0004048245,0.00008651331,0.002643827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002077368,0.0001238041,0.0000447949,0.0002977723,0.00008927697,0.0007034756,0.00003558993,0.00008673064,0.00100708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001059883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002108562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001511352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998247,0.00009089203,0.0002816926,0.0002540292,0.0009383029,0.0001881174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982365,0.0000514247,0.0001878291,0.0001422836,0.001164717,0.0002172295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019009,0.000297323,0.02178017,0.000002469862,0.00003518793,7.528784e-7,0.01618163,0.00004910964,0.00001620703,0.6114511,0.3409011,0.009265915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002123706,0.000008260879,0.06599947,0.00002807522,0.000005562725,0.000001208478,0.001918546,0.00001063875,0.00003350837,0.01202756,0.9196109,0.0001439368],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05334493,0.0005224575,0.0007133355,0.04242198,0.02843195,0.0003180066,0.00001254736,0.0001931819,0.8740416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7174841,0.00008632483,0.001670269,0.002540873,0.002399373,0.000104381,0.0001645522,0.00001363858,0.2755365],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6641391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891105677","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10715","title":"Internationalization of Higher Education: Past and Future","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Mainstream; Competition (biology); Higher education; International education; Appeal; Curriculum; Process (computing); Political science; Internationalization of Higher Education; Business; International trade; Economic growth; Economics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01326383821291046,"gpt":0.3485830083973877,"spread":0.3353191701844772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002115233,0.0001295047,0.0001148561,0.0002144949,0.0002183901,0.00009930163,0.0003104082,0.0001105747,0.008784524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002211069,0.0001372352,0.00003976003,0.0003556053,0.0002659132,0.0005403401,0.00004042753,0.00007534365,0.0001326208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003060561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001239174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005796608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006662264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985226,0.00007306076,0.0003487682,0.0002842529,0.0006146006,0.0001566887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980731,0.00004626611,0.0002944197,0.0001648549,0.001303052,0.00011828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000199072,0.0003789149,0.05944049,0.00001063216,0.00004009756,8.677387e-8,0.004612177,3.010518e-7,0.00008849813,0.7937847,0.1122522,0.02937198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000964632,0.00001344724,0.3159578,0.00003416441,0.00000766325,9.455848e-7,0.0004819832,6.19061e-7,0.00008336929,0.008347264,0.6748754,0.0001008685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1650627,0.001676256,0.0001109518,0.1053477,0.05524556,0.0004823452,0.00002112303,0.0001222198,0.6719312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8175111,0.0002609539,0.001771656,0.002291186,0.01445342,0.00007512956,0.00009566338,0.00001516506,0.1635257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7854375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9921216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255049624","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10679","title":"Internationalization of Higher Education: Past and Future","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Mainstream; Competition (biology); Higher education; International education; Appeal; Curriculum; Process (computing); Internationalization of Higher Education; Political science; Business; International trade; Economic growth; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01326383821291046,"gpt":0.3485830083973877,"spread":0.3353191701844772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002115233,0.0001295047,0.0001148561,0.0002144949,0.0002183901,0.00009930163,0.0003104082,0.0001105747,0.008784524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002211069,0.0001372352,0.00003976003,0.0003556053,0.0002659132,0.0005403401,0.00004042753,0.00007534365,0.0001326208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003060561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001239174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005796608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006662264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985226,0.00007306076,0.0003487682,0.0002842529,0.0006146006,0.0001566887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980731,0.00004626611,0.0002944197,0.0001648549,0.001303052,0.00011828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000199072,0.0003789149,0.05944049,0.00001063216,0.00004009756,8.677387e-8,0.004612177,3.010518e-7,0.00008849813,0.7937847,0.1122522,0.02937198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000964632,0.00001344724,0.3159578,0.00003416441,0.00000766325,9.455848e-7,0.0004819832,6.19061e-7,0.00008336929,0.008347264,0.6748754,0.0001008685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1650627,0.001676256,0.0001109518,0.1053477,0.05524556,0.0004823452,0.00002112303,0.0001222198,0.6719312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8175111,0.0002609539,0.001771656,0.002291186,0.01445342,0.00007512956,0.00009566338,0.00001516506,0.1635257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7854375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9921216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1837180523","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2010.60.8503","title":"Expansion and Differentiation in Chinese Higher Education","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Diversity (politics); Higher education; Discipline; Political science; Economic geography; Economic growth; Geography; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02373410845281753,"gpt":0.3581466099976017,"spread":0.3344125015447842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000312487,0.0001331056,0.0001120261,0.0002557398,0.0001098452,0.0001412646,0.0002003233,0.0001052768,0.001037114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007617183,0.0001326437,0.00002574132,0.0003591795,0.00006295509,0.0007264592,0.00003446312,0.0001073555,0.000125289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007747747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001726197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002983215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004087312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985518,0.0001090884,0.0002906575,0.0002910638,0.0005777671,0.0001796639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990816,0.00004919016,0.0001562,0.0001353266,0.0003915479,0.0001861505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000391952,0.0009998219,0.7195011,0.00001021659,0.0000168173,4.551888e-7,0.01345655,0.000009435482,0.0001315657,0.1980233,0.04310966,0.02470185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002046653,0.000006955781,0.635565,0.00003261088,0.000003146502,5.621143e-7,0.0005663831,0.000003172689,0.00000967388,0.0174769,0.3460183,0.0001126858],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8721915,0.0007154723,0.0000156909,0.02437171,0.01494146,0.0002585688,0.000002648384,0.00005679102,0.08744614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90661,0.000124393,0.0006199697,0.001252036,0.001529902,0.0001488155,0.0001025603,0.00001272594,0.08959959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3029086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1493033897","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2014.77.5672","title":"Affirmative Action Initiatives Around the World","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Affirmative action; Legislature; Political science; Race (biology); Criticism; Action (physics); Higher education; Public administration; Equal opportunity; Quarter (Canadian coin); Economic growth; Sociology; Law and economics; Law; Economics; Gender studies; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1460793694301993,"gpt":0.4045841700373207,"spread":0.2585048006071213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004317661,0.00004904854,0.00004022388,0.00006929879,0.0003738389,0.0001044535,0.0002410936,0.00002854261,0.001447747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008302745,0.00004097431,0.0000338184,0.0001570964,0.000123669,0.0005739955,0.0000231623,0.00008747826,0.0002416653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001781106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000117817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001633608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001818448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991422,0.0002660567,0.00009454881,0.0001055791,0.0003010967,0.0000905174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994001,0.0001925997,0.0000950004,0.0000812848,0.0001946434,0.00003639343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009336607,0.0001222942,0.01813754,0.0000024162,0.00002670822,3.224347e-8,0.01338429,0.00001246106,0.0000228927,0.9443397,0.01775253,0.006189812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005573193,0.00000529139,0.2714523,0.0000066157,0.000005896229,1.011195e-7,0.005334911,0.00001385224,0.00005862777,0.02612011,0.6968935,0.00005308952],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1659468,0.0000188797,0.0003538907,0.04611648,0.00646769,0.000123297,0.000004246361,0.00005263628,0.7809161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9528066,0.00001341291,0.00009814653,0.001469808,0.001618556,0.00001391063,0.0000206775,0.000002595469,0.04395633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9182196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126388068","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2010.59.8491","title":"Regional Education Hubs -- Rhetoric or Reality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Rhetoric; Work (physics); Higher education; Distribution (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Knowledge production; Political science; Knowledge base; Regional science; Business; Public relations; Sociology; Knowledge management; Engineering; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09187388238424325,"gpt":0.3169467738239097,"spread":0.2250728914396665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002497942,0.0001583997,0.0001040298,0.00037649,0.00009897187,0.0002326148,0.0004084389,0.0001508509,0.002000337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008488619,0.0001573012,0.00004467824,0.0006016786,0.00003835836,0.002210386,0.0001034333,0.0002096889,0.0006262651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007729591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007356322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008495475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002923738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984949,0.00001369427,0.0002855527,0.0003129962,0.0007375224,0.0001553591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981729,0.00002279225,0.0003488939,0.0002439641,0.001175843,0.0000356124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009392029,0.0005729026,0.01993395,0.00001516631,0.00002890489,7.412284e-7,0.00005850302,0.0000687748,0.00005021009,0.4381463,0.5368376,0.004192987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003361978,0.000006924,0.04739687,0.00003596508,0.00002227651,0.000004113316,0.0003673871,0.0002614565,0.00001520825,0.01881879,0.9325397,0.0001951078],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2917054,0.00005754963,0.0007222304,0.06672092,0.01931791,0.0004493417,0.00001006395,0.0002840275,0.6207326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8715891,0.000003100444,0.0005203643,0.008545374,0.006654663,0.0000383462,0.0004707172,0.0000222905,0.1121561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5798837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2575704889","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2017.88.9686","title":"Missing but Needed: Research on Transnational Education","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Regional science; Higher education; Economic growth; Public administration; Sociology; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1762454196453923,"gpt":0.5343054745865542,"spread":0.3580600549411619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006893994,0.0001125668,0.00008201067,0.0002596903,0.002011932,0.0009033462,0.0008420032,0.0001256104,0.00239645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005776842,0.0001138049,0.00006696627,0.0001280877,0.0003315913,0.0007569595,0.00003040267,0.0002355708,0.0003472585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007737712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001988129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007449513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003292343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979661,0.0001759549,0.0002176934,0.0003164312,0.001060615,0.0002631697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972803,0.0001343459,0.0001701414,0.0003390561,0.001872197,0.0002039712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001776796,0.0005728198,0.0006521859,0.00000360385,0.00001408016,2.110661e-7,0.005254265,0.000003494461,0.0002740035,0.9042315,0.06304937,0.02592666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001466644,0.00001125842,0.1010915,0.00004269618,0.000005452333,0.000001194374,0.007854511,0.000004925009,0.0001933286,0.01937161,0.8711483,0.000128579],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2599138,0.00006045419,0.000003157777,0.2774677,0.01657802,0.0002454201,0.000008604791,0.00004775634,0.4456752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8677682,0.00003290946,0.000507354,0.002068876,0.002733624,0.0001026791,0.00009296558,0.00001095074,0.1266825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8848599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1708972246","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2012.69.8635","title":"Study Abroad Fever Among Chinese Students","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Travel-related health issues","field":"Medicine","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Study abroad; Political science; Business; Psychology; Mathematics education; Economic growth; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04465142567179358,"gpt":0.4719046911257228,"spread":0.4272532654539292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002224869,0.0001330192,0.0001529582,0.0001986061,0.00003407036,0.0000413915,0.0002193972,0.00007457501,0.0006890672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007424862,0.0001131277,0.00003624204,0.000143531,0.00002973532,0.0002100094,0.00004957084,0.000194835,0.0005073844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004148115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003040445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00117081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000684601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984345,0.00004278058,0.0003086383,0.0002502339,0.0008212205,0.0001425688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989082,0.00002420732,0.0001086876,0.0002369125,0.0004800473,0.0002419249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006970112,0.002280003,0.9706623,0.00000712311,0.000106427,0.00001049958,0.003117937,0.00000514267,0.00001596342,0.0001773252,0.02299837,0.0005492372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001576308,0.0001463166,0.961687,0.00005346679,0.00004043681,0.00001354819,0.0005526933,0.00000732077,0.0000103303,0.0003939102,0.03542531,0.00009337901],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665521,0.0001883777,0.000004608792,0.00298579,0.005238112,0.0005765042,0.000003337129,0.00009114758,0.02436007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9229295,0.000005709781,0.0002247447,0.0007355227,0.001168885,0.00009700153,0.0001082716,0.0000235373,0.07470687],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0503468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7544802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1551981396","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2014.75.5435","title":"Canada’s Immigration Policies to Attract International Students","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Health Workforce Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Economic shortage; Immigration policy; Government (linguistics); Political science; Economic growth; Bolster; Public administration; Development economics; Business; Economics; Geography; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03032765543490082,"gpt":0.4719973851795673,"spread":0.4416697297446665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003700626,0.0001796469,0.0001633623,0.0002048724,0.0003181768,0.00004789596,0.0007676513,0.0001156694,0.003269705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001748279,0.0001806783,0.00003918048,0.0001840183,0.00001838882,0.0002482487,0.0001471198,0.0002770427,0.000884734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002024268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001593694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5857062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3699191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974745,0.0001799796,0.0006129172,0.0003336349,0.001013596,0.0003854015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998211,0.0002294318,0.0002683935,0.0002764302,0.000758358,0.0002564084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006032753,0.0001760465,0.3597672,0.00002061443,0.00004352806,4.453619e-7,0.0009938272,0.00007203063,0.0001434789,0.04605441,0.5870981,0.00557004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001620635,0.00001650663,0.4003592,0.0001153743,0.000004731593,7.071768e-7,0.000413432,0.00002805392,0.0000205886,0.0004675942,0.5983108,0.0001008999],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6729242,0.00004696536,0.0002171485,0.1262182,0.03617486,0.0007572689,0.0000694575,0.0001245447,0.1634673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8700351,0.0000149001,0.0004778928,0.02442573,0.003342866,0.0002324643,0.000313939,0.00002471328,0.1011325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2157871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1889490597","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2013.71.6089","title":"Finally, an Internationalization Policy for Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Government (linguistics); International education; Political science; Higher education; Internationalization of Higher Education; Public administration; Business; Key (lock); Core (optical fiber); International trade; Economic growth; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04140761542736146,"gpt":0.396370112076774,"spread":0.3549624966494125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003176472,0.00009565719,0.00007435435,0.0001363319,0.0001699126,0.0001292011,0.0003846395,0.00005626737,0.0004895216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002833125,0.0001078135,0.00002699631,0.0002277581,0.00004103352,0.0005743206,0.00001768347,0.00004619726,0.00003125645],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002389519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01763067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5461518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3539955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985699,0.00005851236,0.0002351702,0.0002223553,0.0007305265,0.0001835389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981574,0.00005612839,0.0001539258,0.0001244563,0.001271825,0.0002362737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002654868,0.0002105474,0.01552945,0.00000293522,0.00002159665,2.264963e-7,0.003852896,0.00007757525,0.000009922986,0.7206022,0.2529239,0.006742164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002249351,0.00001404618,0.04193341,0.0000113109,0.000003982573,6.938973e-7,0.0009066549,0.0000276896,0.00003287663,0.02143116,0.9352845,0.0001287222],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2299519,0.0003581911,0.004227964,0.2807936,0.05561607,0.001491874,0.0001437475,0.0002719141,0.4271448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86079,0.000018544,0.002466622,0.004789376,0.004677642,0.0002291398,0.0004750052,0.00001576073,0.1265379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6991711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9879385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122322978","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2008.50.8004","title":"International Student Mobility and the United States: The 2007 Open Doors Survey","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Doors; Destinations; China; Political science; Census; International education; Geography; Economic growth; Population; Regional science; Higher education; Demography; Sociology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0961225652096559,"gpt":0.4632111524881376,"spread":0.3670885872784817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00240029,0.00009180073,0.00008042999,0.00005359773,0.0002881649,0.0006860361,0.001185066,0.00004533894,0.0008628906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000726975,0.00005314145,0.00002898843,0.0002348538,0.0004338681,0.0003648409,0.0001916104,0.0001167468,0.00008073685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003863348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003696093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1155373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003226891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982663,0.0005846932,0.0002264776,0.0001982832,0.0005935851,0.0001306867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977202,0.0003443562,0.0001451119,0.0001748451,0.001487838,0.0001276019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002285405,0.0007643828,0.0472565,0.000001734435,0.0001617817,2.731448e-7,0.1334088,0.000169052,0.000002135009,0.2906402,0.5255677,0.001798894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004747977,0.000004084541,0.2644468,0.000005386374,0.000007299009,7.871765e-7,0.01902293,0.00004520807,8.3163e-7,0.002034455,0.7138996,0.00005779442],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6638951,0.0001851972,0.000009290156,0.1912881,0.02170377,0.0009178518,0.0000423321,0.00003973082,0.1219186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9535038,0.0002031792,0.00008475062,0.005736048,0.0007392616,0.0001367104,0.0003909388,0.000005615922,0.03919966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2896087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9448047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1885022276","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2011.65.8580","title":"The Arab Spring: A Higher Education Revolution Yet to Happen","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Spring (device); Corporate governance; Political science; Higher education; Political economy; Mass education; Development economics; Sociology; Economics; Law; Management; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03936846804212701,"gpt":0.3712443968522579,"spread":0.3318759288101308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007182104,0.0001502147,0.0001018841,0.0001446966,0.0004869246,0.00033805,0.0006435596,0.00009583599,0.0008259256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002064967,0.0001338937,0.00005475527,0.0004716949,0.00009572982,0.0005253395,0.00006318362,0.0001327377,0.001828325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001744371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004249726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005109265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004756654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978983,0.0001356729,0.0003510325,0.0003378354,0.0009702729,0.0003068859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980392,0.00008375217,0.0002103886,0.0003008229,0.00102063,0.0003451875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002715968,0.00025564,0.01311795,0.00000206666,0.00002087751,1.449981e-7,0.003313286,0.00001064925,0.00003927237,0.4780901,0.4931995,0.0119233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001007308,0.00001271455,0.1845421,0.00003854184,0.000006725514,6.326159e-7,0.0008575091,9.628801e-7,0.00003228225,0.01528268,0.7989783,0.000146856],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1075167,0.00152306,0.0001190184,0.3015266,0.0739237,0.0009419962,0.000007543076,0.0002012079,0.5142401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6322732,0.00007494802,0.001523538,0.003569826,0.002901176,0.0003354317,0.00003144207,0.0000164949,0.359274],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5247565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132703345","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2010.58.8469","title":"Academic Freedom and Public Intellectuals in China","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Academic Freedom and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"China; Political science; Academic freedom; Public administration; Development economics; Political economy; Sociology; Economics; Law; Higher education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06236556284438425,"gpt":0.3773167199344675,"spread":0.3149511570900833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005159097,0.00006401293,0.000066749,0.0001854354,0.00005511998,0.00005212152,0.0002701382,0.0001485425,0.0004557656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005668208,0.00006668932,0.0000142599,0.0001786346,0.0001956009,0.0003956271,0.00004049159,0.0002413454,0.00007747496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003168406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000611698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00444634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000294518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990901,0.0001043864,0.0001803705,0.0001388466,0.0003060955,0.0001801594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994747,0.00009611949,0.00006164746,0.0000602718,0.0001335262,0.0001737584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005387477,0.00005399308,0.09968296,0.00000171219,0.000006329399,2.360518e-7,0.01096673,0.000003597184,0.00001293982,0.8092747,0.07540538,0.004585999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000176194,0.000008927826,0.07045932,0.00001879848,0.00000270355,0.000001904476,0.001998184,0.0000431042,0.000005202127,0.08829522,0.838897,0.00009340757],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5752712,0.00118768,0.00005987317,0.0620474,0.01021122,0.000163001,0.000005796761,0.00005609205,0.3509977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9744117,0.0002191362,0.0001895417,0.0006861404,0.002069932,0.00002005995,0.00001630218,0.000006594562,0.02238066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7634916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6721566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1956059377","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2014.75.5439","title":"Internationalization of Higher Education in Post-Soviet Ukraine","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Ukrainian; Internationalization; Political science; Curriculum; Outreach; Government (linguistics); Higher education; Operationalization; Position (finance); Economic growth; Business; International trade; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01179854066910391,"gpt":0.3515394224856913,"spread":0.3397408818165874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005194943,0.000151624,0.0001634127,0.0004384205,0.00009946695,0.00007514242,0.00045982,0.0001252023,0.007401331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001746836,0.0001689263,0.00006511147,0.0004684639,0.0001068223,0.0006123305,0.00003688521,0.0001166522,0.0001657061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005271603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002363343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003568971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004736297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979743,0.00017518,0.0005509314,0.0003191753,0.0007729515,0.0002074575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981149,0.0001275742,0.0003834001,0.0002077199,0.00106195,0.0001044958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003259118,0.001064543,0.08629734,0.00001842791,0.00003054485,1.251212e-7,0.003521738,0.00003819021,0.0003786803,0.8334724,0.03813454,0.03701087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001856872,0.00001344595,0.4054337,0.00007004178,0.000005487632,4.035404e-7,0.000275567,0.000006741597,0.00009030208,0.009516327,0.5842772,0.0001252014],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3447162,0.0006709318,0.0002528944,0.04189466,0.024184,0.000573318,0.00001876726,0.0001017791,0.5875875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8583561,0.0001046344,0.001335573,0.002622133,0.001525088,0.0001116684,0.0002752609,0.00001801462,0.1356516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8239561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891633799","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10716","title":"Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Battle; Quarter (Canadian coin); Faith; Worry; Political science; Higher education; Study abroad; Advertising; Public relations; Business; History; Law; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01741267151220083,"gpt":0.3669651306559207,"spread":0.3495524591437199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001497867,0.00005211373,0.00005756949,0.00007047646,0.0001880591,0.00003080305,0.0004679879,0.00002569788,0.002347265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002461532,0.000042945,0.00005632235,0.0001288636,0.0003863323,0.0001583324,0.00005652761,0.00005274321,0.00007684156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002778089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003192727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008051625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001253219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991175,0.00005869283,0.0001201032,0.0001041268,0.0005098381,0.00008975332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992377,0.00007090983,0.0001443907,0.00008415106,0.0004357678,0.00002706282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009374878,0.0004222745,0.05375087,0.00000588463,0.0001691357,3.798827e-7,0.09885943,0.000005497822,0.0004759462,0.8127417,0.02708681,0.006388292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000202163,0.00003246323,0.2491428,0.00003285252,0.0000134716,5.555061e-7,0.04806089,0.00000324108,0.0009893506,0.004556134,0.6968631,0.0001029916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7713163,0.00005003799,0.000008527968,0.01012499,0.007376214,0.00006144409,0.000006061418,0.00001494919,0.2110415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9440106,0.00004743129,0.00004234814,0.000227575,0.001607005,0.000003232669,0.000005877289,0.000004199439,0.05405178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8081856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2572740633","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2017.88.9692","title":"Christian Universities Grow in Africa","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Religion, Society, and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Face (sociological concept); Political science; Higher education; Development economics; Economic growth; Sociology; Social science; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03175517587699168,"gpt":0.346773317472525,"spread":0.3150181415955333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001803426,0.00004615101,0.00004454387,0.00006357793,0.0003936997,0.0001602903,0.0003723713,0.00004951124,0.0005044588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002063898,0.00005100916,0.00002875946,0.00004129335,0.0001210747,0.0003471192,0.00003198476,0.00005070719,0.00008321519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005429484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005797768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0386763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007407255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994054,0.00002768238,0.00008686994,0.0001140128,0.000253904,0.0001120883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996132,0.00002640435,0.00008368554,0.0001083985,0.0001240481,0.00004429957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001347426,0.0002262409,0.0449647,0.000005551521,0.00003663504,0.000002891696,0.2624376,0.000004691702,0.00002283432,0.3565563,0.3347053,0.001023822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000857911,0.000002569296,0.514175,0.00001809986,0.000002055248,1.35529e-7,0.03053019,0.000001723707,0.000007058194,0.01564472,0.4394709,0.00006177022],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5672788,0.0005709531,0.00001188951,0.0191914,0.005568011,0.00007685524,0.00000209811,0.00002559158,0.4072744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9707322,0.0005487362,0.000285212,0.0001618245,0.000626581,0.00001037159,0.000009397054,0.000003442019,0.02762221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4692103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9677252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2297083925","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2016.85.9241","title":"The Rise and Fall of Brazil’s Science Without Borders","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Science and Science Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Regional science; Science policy; Economic growth; Development economics; Public administration; Sociology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02069287799373313,"gpt":0.4180084749985597,"spread":0.3973155970048265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001296081,0.0000478217,0.00004150128,0.0001228112,0.0006263466,0.0001500391,0.0006172176,0.00002429381,0.0001230822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004157729,0.0000281143,0.00001727579,0.0004052696,0.002286833,0.0009009037,0.00003649926,0.0000295666,0.00002558485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001616356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00146171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00126372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004149114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987475,0.00004398686,0.0001430574,0.000197743,0.0006915618,0.0001761914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989944,0.0001725104,0.0001179942,0.0001376114,0.0004866479,0.00009085506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000991423,0.00007910798,0.221834,0.000001124848,0.000004498147,3.337654e-8,0.005589382,5.083551e-7,0.006430164,0.6044517,0.004718215,0.1568815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008715711,0.00001346849,0.4023941,0.00002578682,0.000002993769,6.400433e-7,0.002623774,0.000008356049,0.0006680709,0.01873299,0.5753688,0.00007385568],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8640231,0.0001969876,0.00005582274,0.07297664,0.005365619,0.0001226041,0.000001395281,0.0000176617,0.05724013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980109,0.0001880688,0.0002206092,0.0001504731,0.0003133389,0.00001744278,2.257544e-7,0.00000235647,0.01899846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5857186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8425933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1582431188","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2015.79.5850","title":"Ukraine: The New Reforms and Internationalization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Transformative learning; Autonomy; Political science; Higher education; Internationalization of Higher Education; Economic system; Public administration; Economic growth; Business; Sociology; International trade; Economics; Law; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02998373177372218,"gpt":0.3623056353490922,"spread":0.3323219035753699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003894465,0.00007962168,0.00005412583,0.00007879431,0.0001752611,0.0001835988,0.000291797,0.00005072972,0.0007439611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001599913,0.00006065402,0.00002098552,0.0002010033,0.00008932031,0.0004816471,0.00003764646,0.00007113126,0.0001578048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004497136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001608357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002377337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002753137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988698,0.00005271934,0.0001854149,0.0001667051,0.0006031572,0.0001222527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991224,0.00004991094,0.0001225224,0.000111921,0.0004247093,0.0001685094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001049592,0.00006362701,0.01153477,0.000001040182,0.00001673847,1.624482e-7,0.01277515,0.000007615231,0.000007628553,0.6463171,0.3143621,0.01490357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000158396,0.000005976557,0.058084,0.0000127557,0.000004307177,0.000002090109,0.001178913,0.000005654023,0.00001614846,0.03550696,0.9049456,0.00007920841],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07407745,0.001134753,0.0009042453,0.3182334,0.01884621,0.000426196,0.000005089692,0.0001351317,0.5862375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7778527,0.000182895,0.0008944605,0.003327119,0.002499714,0.00004410559,0.00005099983,0.00000920774,0.2151388],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7037752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8145853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2404262709","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2016.86.9362","title":"The State of Internationalization in Canadian Higher Education","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Scope (computer science); State (computer science); Higher education; Scale (ratio); Political science; Internationalization of Higher Education; Business; Economic growth; International trade; Economics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01366442443455043,"gpt":0.3350244610861298,"spread":0.3213600366515794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005252631,0.0001053386,0.00008542171,0.000306146,0.0001948338,0.0000869404,0.0004844334,0.00006143747,0.002055056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316354,0.0000776508,0.00004062758,0.0003884188,0.0001462411,0.0004980492,0.00002097804,0.00006260813,0.0001563617],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00190444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0062239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2020145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1861513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983919,0.0001155866,0.0004176294,0.0002179655,0.0005784354,0.0002784567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984984,0.0001791552,0.0002537191,0.0001774836,0.0007299476,0.000161299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001890685,0.0002246148,0.1558529,0.000003790839,0.00002539475,2.186973e-7,0.002212595,0.000007471084,0.0001408948,0.7073096,0.03306547,0.1011382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008820844,0.000003528799,0.3811385,0.00005866856,0.000001727628,2.013704e-7,0.00007997199,6.113817e-7,0.00007116754,0.025347,0.5931408,0.00006967518],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3857661,0.001318095,0.0000840931,0.2216668,0.04081347,0.000803959,0.00004597866,0.00006885514,0.3494326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7682043,0.0003454864,0.0001281002,0.0007478487,0.0005558174,0.0001260479,0.000026641,0.00001043259,0.2298553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6819626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169890244","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2006.43.7891","title":"GATS: The Way Forward After Hong Kong","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Learning Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Higher education; Quality (philosophy); Economic growth; Public administration; Development economics; Business; Public relations; Regional science; Economics; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04932482771081797,"gpt":0.4081957370940754,"spread":0.3588709093832574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008995872,0.00009918139,0.00006881273,0.00008124171,0.0002459658,0.0003314932,0.0005238766,0.00007618472,0.003473012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004770868,0.000081161,0.00005118795,0.0002676224,0.0001731911,0.0009112157,0.00004151036,0.000195233,0.00147194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004452379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009275293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001865573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002491594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983422,0.0002970241,0.0002042098,0.0002179928,0.0007389886,0.0001996217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985575,0.0002522665,0.000181051,0.0002172867,0.0006271718,0.0001646864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008905534,0.0005776008,0.2757295,0.000006719947,0.0001115291,0.000002173541,0.09110692,0.00008092986,0.00002685375,0.249973,0.3649735,0.0173221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008440594,0.000008040942,0.1316487,0.00001386265,0.00001285006,0.00000137069,0.004347788,0.0000039694,0.00001143923,0.00364379,0.8601297,0.00009403038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3518462,0.0006462249,0.00008374918,0.2386435,0.02455007,0.0003246877,0.000004048633,0.0001553179,0.3837462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8428811,0.00002177722,0.000505805,0.00194045,0.003219692,0.0001505849,0.00001853529,0.00001398231,0.1512481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4951562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143962537","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2012.66.8591","title":"Canada's Egalitarian Debate","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Salient; League; Contrast (vision); Political science; League table; Higher education; Public administration; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02510298541326021,"gpt":0.2966566722801154,"spread":0.2715536868668552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001293372,0.00003006442,0.00003169616,0.0001280881,0.0001751992,0.0001611715,0.0001774286,0.00002786519,0.001936793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006280668,0.00004209853,0.00001463697,0.00009107606,0.00007203991,0.0001738107,0.000007965617,0.00004232979,0.0001312995],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003504243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01486306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9994137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993712,0.0000338062,0.00007774064,0.00008416463,0.0003433808,0.00008965271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994918,0.00001292095,0.00003527257,0.00006133079,0.0002277435,0.0001709255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002172854,0.00002055349,0.0007549617,5.441155e-7,0.000006043954,0.000001210661,0.001348324,0.000003048688,0.000001645806,0.2545521,0.7404122,0.002897106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000482969,0.000001842156,0.01281157,0.000003724378,0.000002710753,5.471645e-7,0.0004884257,9.823916e-7,0.000001013138,0.003613786,0.9829761,0.00005100512],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01524661,0.0002483389,0.000005978314,0.07346642,0.01646005,0.00006234412,0.00001729339,0.00002609266,0.8944669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6417268,0.000008132702,0.00006025106,0.001605388,0.001188051,0.000009459579,0.00002595835,0.000003580113,0.3553724],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6264802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1911789569","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2013.71.6088","title":"China's Confucius Institutes-More Academic and Integrative","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"General partnership; China; Meaning (existential); Diversity (politics); Resource (disambiguation); Order (exchange); Unit (ring theory); Political science; Sociology; Transformation (genetics); Management; Epistemology; Psychology; Business; Law; Mathematics education; Philosophy; Computer science; Biology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0353935204430071,"gpt":0.3957758227265058,"spread":0.3603823022834987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002414205,0.0001040916,0.00008755319,0.0001056755,0.0001452524,0.00008992782,0.000243396,0.00009278667,0.0003527388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001651122,0.00009722141,0.00002150031,0.0001813594,0.0001892196,0.0005627415,0.00003402353,0.0001653009,0.0001144466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003601013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001706007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002982856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009889157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989068,0.00005689128,0.0001910213,0.0002167787,0.0004829522,0.0001455462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992817,0.00002424224,0.0001222891,0.00008687687,0.0002828139,0.0002020958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003436842,0.0002090214,0.08259034,0.000005567594,0.00004050321,0.000001359776,0.085046,0.000005761444,0.00007309482,0.7182887,0.08769383,0.02601142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001618681,0.000008419762,0.3211987,0.00004679884,0.00000464906,0.000001890487,0.0028407,0.000002105905,0.00005028108,0.008591511,0.666984,0.000109104],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5465592,0.001039483,0.0001271354,0.09012413,0.01565617,0.0003413566,0.00001119875,0.0001166147,0.3460247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9509299,0.0001649484,0.0008055876,0.001663569,0.00127347,0.00007483314,0.00003913442,0.000007624118,0.04504091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7096972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4509206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1685387612","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2013.73.6113","title":"Strengthening Higher Education in Laos","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; Internationalization; Capacity building; Elite; Higher education; Economic growth; Developing country; Business; Front (military); Political science; Development economics; International trade; Economics; Geography; Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03833912355199849,"gpt":0.381551909263936,"spread":0.3432127857119375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004351768,0.0001284402,0.0001079998,0.0002592213,0.0001070265,0.0001437299,0.0003709428,0.00010586,0.003141715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008284205,0.0001423762,0.00003744309,0.000401481,0.00006501269,0.0006641241,0.00003121347,0.0001405326,0.0005759401],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001367929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005658794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004576507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000431143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982982,0.0001124215,0.000347513,0.0002883297,0.0007144018,0.000239182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988871,0.00005852439,0.0001787846,0.0001659211,0.0005054573,0.0002041924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002698717,0.001036713,0.1877262,0.000005466444,0.00002127028,7.428912e-7,0.01197889,0.00003090353,0.00003716636,0.5203474,0.2363389,0.04244946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001807037,0.000006441465,0.2301426,0.0000428927,0.000003350576,5.127779e-7,0.001376808,0.000001345168,0.00002214722,0.01318849,0.7548977,0.0001371276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3206593,0.0006938413,0.00001797538,0.03701948,0.02929706,0.0003065464,0.000004447284,0.0001034596,0.6118978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7260181,0.00003845952,0.001369459,0.001646772,0.002113256,0.0001267797,0.00006616041,0.00001290867,0.2686081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5185587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1526679674","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2014.76.5528","title":"Systematic Changes in China","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Meritocracy; Elitism; China; Interpretation (philosophy); Relevance (law); Higher education; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01200012885084484,"gpt":0.3290956275798965,"spread":0.3170954987290517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005143883,0.00007107361,0.0001009619,0.0001555486,0.00008991007,0.00007722868,0.0002573418,0.00005077663,0.001406645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001460355,0.00007106377,0.0000219614,0.0002184718,0.00003552541,0.0001880046,0.00001402384,0.00006127011,0.0002969007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003985068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003065378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001587601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00124903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989618,0.0001272605,0.0002005873,0.0001588936,0.0004070119,0.0001444217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995108,0.00007630807,0.0001233621,0.0001117781,0.0001170222,0.00006067992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006371361,0.0003825597,0.04594088,0.0002767681,0.00002321099,3.375445e-7,0.01849211,0.00001006188,0.00006483006,0.9118403,0.0190885,0.003874067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001235449,0.000007278042,0.5434549,0.000657702,0.000004591495,5.133563e-7,0.0005768482,0.000008543747,0.00003009986,0.01235735,0.4426464,0.0001321467],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3074888,0.0003364344,0.0001123763,0.08805601,0.01937913,0.0006525974,0.000002541379,0.0001411405,0.583831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9177909,0.00005147803,0.0003774544,0.001191785,0.0005789942,0.0001829856,0.00001408374,0.000006869005,0.07980537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.899483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891512671","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10720","title":"Forget the Competition Trope","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Internationalization; Politics; Trope (literature); Nationalism; Political science; Race (biology); Political economy; Development economics; Economics; Sociology; International trade; Gender studies; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03058626316249529,"gpt":0.3931437959132255,"spread":0.3625575327507302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001591034,0.00005114818,0.00003357602,0.00003547247,0.0003894119,0.0001166287,0.0002763328,0.00003668991,0.002736825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009496629,0.00003693579,0.0000320197,0.0001357021,0.0002267216,0.0002207096,0.00001526748,0.00005018405,0.0005931917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001764439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001941059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002476692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000758764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993293,0.00006970861,0.0001074887,0.0001108785,0.0002737254,0.000108853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990413,0.00003529039,0.00006496341,0.00009606128,0.0007076465,0.00005469313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005762603,0.0001069191,0.0008785565,6.355782e-7,0.00001105159,4.104872e-8,0.01243124,5.793989e-7,0.0001192247,0.834992,0.148251,0.003203025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005865489,0.000006697169,0.05202996,0.000007393292,0.00000454546,7.304019e-7,0.002802167,0.000005199091,0.0000507632,0.003610887,0.9413724,0.00005057663],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1972202,0.00006400693,0.0000231826,0.1500846,0.02371249,0.0002074095,0.000005366733,0.00007761226,0.6286052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9052151,0.00002260634,0.0003101938,0.004146575,0.003077263,0.00003381661,0.00004222797,0.000003780046,0.08714846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8313811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751631077","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2017.91.10128","title":"The Emergence (and Perils) of Income-Targeted Free Tuition","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Learning Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Political science; Public economics; Business; Economic growth; Development economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02861286986160565,"gpt":0.419197993253778,"spread":0.3905851233921723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006119649,0.00006393538,0.00005997067,0.0000455763,0.001305992,0.0003117377,0.0008327802,0.0000526875,0.001173741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001288097,0.00005574521,0.00002905291,0.00005972066,0.0004184793,0.0007808228,0.00007958791,0.0001050805,0.00004141803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007405077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003549729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002697897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004626858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989981,0.000131345,0.0001963627,0.0001514703,0.0004068397,0.0001158509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984012,0.0002470285,0.0004712082,0.000379258,0.0004404635,0.0000608105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003145329,0.0001663123,0.3225982,0.00001030447,0.00005884332,1.868847e-7,0.01358253,0.000004273253,0.0004947152,0.6201749,0.01827301,0.02460522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000523834,0.000005602546,0.4972653,0.00001471908,0.000005837841,2.900749e-7,0.0009030154,0.00000286257,0.00006195458,0.006898891,0.4947454,0.00004367803],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7228445,0.0008692641,0.00002145471,0.1178405,0.01395574,0.0002049374,0.000007184836,0.00004325391,0.1442132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9620043,0.0005207598,0.0003869656,0.00008864229,0.0008657746,0.00003923812,0.000007130551,0.000007116968,0.0360801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6132761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W68248882","doi":"","title":"Canadian universities' strategies for internationalization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Business; Political science; Regional science; Economic geography; International trade; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01546624933908119,"gpt":0.3425487971618476,"spread":0.3270825478227664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001640221,0.00008116056,0.00005855022,0.000231957,0.00031033,0.0002166616,0.0002840865,0.0000699564,0.001941082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001879718,0.0000966716,0.00004154181,0.000176789,0.00003295754,0.0007402567,0.000004572571,0.00004482892,0.00008007111],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002097966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007183474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05103775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02520268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991313,0.0000275596,0.0001558141,0.0001746711,0.0003219931,0.0001886622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990257,0.00003830273,0.00008977098,0.0000804201,0.0006209661,0.0001448552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007479478,0.00006566855,0.001031601,0.000001227075,0.00001219448,1.921065e-7,0.004369684,0.00002644836,0.00001582802,0.9253977,0.06394851,0.005123466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001178383,0.00001163456,0.04293676,0.00001572061,0.00000466915,3.690171e-7,0.003998052,0.000009362146,0.00001296615,0.06458368,0.8881989,0.0001100898],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04122489,0.0001626066,0.00325302,0.1379079,0.01283343,0.00052221,0.00004319019,0.0001281789,0.8039246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8616145,0.00002936104,0.001712365,0.004134363,0.001195642,0.00003757667,0.0002273012,0.000005986069,0.131043],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.860814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577112458","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2014.75.5432","title":"Will China Excel in the Global Brain Race?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); China; Arms race; Political science; Economics; Sociology; Economic history; Gender studies","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01931846532851925,"gpt":0.3633029480066147,"spread":0.3439844826780954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000305034,0.00007233545,0.00005503053,0.00004335249,0.00003678261,0.00004173079,0.0002415627,0.00003737812,0.003406138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001591177,0.00005813975,0.0000333192,0.0001236156,0.00003596262,0.000136108,0.00002187782,0.0000946864,0.0002031219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001041744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003332903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008559863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006396364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992551,0.0001409986,0.0001533032,0.0001782867,0.0001550829,0.0001172246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999385,0.0003072666,0.00006186179,0.0001510383,0.00007404325,0.00002078512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000187095,0.0003799369,0.2229873,0.000003081572,0.00001569626,8.779809e-7,0.001920971,0.000003708809,0.00001060176,0.6869127,0.01819995,0.06954648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000166264,0.00001773973,0.7006193,0.00001174229,0.000002410017,0.000009972351,0.0002768088,0.00001769609,8.454864e-7,0.05430183,0.2445262,0.00004920042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5698749,0.00006837606,0.000181448,0.03533892,0.003554,0.0001040168,0.00000666046,0.00002075192,0.3908509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826425,5.562813e-7,0.00008464589,0.003770476,0.001133177,0.00007996281,0.0000425834,0.000005886422,0.01224024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6326108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1847924206","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2000.21.6896","title":"The Canada Research Chairs Program","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Higher education; Quality (philosophy); Public administration; Regional science; Library science; Economic growth; Sociology; Economics; Computer science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5635702261382207,"gpt":0.6558405463534538,"spread":0.09227032021523307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004658758,0.00005603465,0.00005060565,0.0001206389,0.0002323211,0.0004445104,0.0008560999,0.00002497374,0.001017148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008966217,0.00003371481,0.00002168702,0.0004749914,0.00007112253,0.0002612007,0.00007551741,0.0001436731,0.0004921591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006073525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005573161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05927329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1405104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953403,0.0002201174,0.0003159819,0.0001996509,0.003758691,0.0001652298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957155,0.0006163314,0.0001054412,0.000324061,0.00311369,0.0001249895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001445921,0.00008797708,0.01248839,2.992036e-7,0.000007820718,2.427579e-7,0.0001983687,0.00008964098,0.000004128947,0.06591941,0.748857,0.1723323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008857246,0.00002484058,0.07730234,0.000003419484,7.647955e-7,0.000001447038,0.00117037,0.0008799515,0.0000262197,0.02700147,0.8934604,0.00004020276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.169203,0.0003673141,0.00002846035,0.2223598,0.02422402,0.0005240298,0.000006358047,0.00004283552,0.5832441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8469449,0.000008827261,0.0002103551,0.0005702507,0.0006972729,0.0001725606,0.00001669537,0.000004249448,0.1513748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6777419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1698062437","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2013.70.8706","title":"Is Postsecondary Education Affordable?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Research Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Privilege (computing); Postsecondary education; Population; Higher education; Economic growth; Elite; Political science; Access to Higher Education; Meaning (existential); Economics; Business; Sociology; Politics; Psychology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02257259914181342,"gpt":0.4092314374066618,"spread":0.3866588382648484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002688546,0.0001395124,0.0001076717,0.0003036947,0.0004570017,0.0003533418,0.0005509982,0.0000972977,0.06069057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001247582,0.0001453369,0.00007349488,0.0003747494,0.0002094423,0.001090113,0.00005901901,0.0001653692,0.004438128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006408623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002745458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0101454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000139233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982085,0.0001265975,0.0002776062,0.0003215261,0.0007426162,0.0003231875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978417,0.0001262782,0.0001338387,0.0002470257,0.0014228,0.0002283543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000360953,0.0005532398,0.03347847,0.000009239869,0.00004774829,8.014308e-8,0.00589528,4.152086e-7,0.0001708224,0.1323747,0.793211,0.03425536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006426348,0.0000091709,0.2196045,0.00002232376,0.0000051694,6.236167e-7,0.00304304,0.000001602925,0.00007756161,0.01403181,0.7630101,0.0001298023],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.150085,0.0006027637,0.00001060909,0.1673289,0.01167832,0.0006129957,0.000009680682,0.0001206026,0.6695511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6489079,0.0001312979,0.0007792509,0.004890772,0.002005504,0.0005557312,0.00006515615,0.00001471411,0.3426497],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4988229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1566952476","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2015.79.5847","title":"International Students in Indian UniversitiesVeena","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nazarbayev University; Times Higher Education; McGill University","keywords":"Liberal arts education; Graduate students; Medical education; Political science; The arts; Health care; Post graduate; Medicine; Economic growth; Higher education; Development economics; Sociology; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0380200475907129,"gpt":0.3797187880250852,"spread":0.3416987404343723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003080833,0.00007612557,0.00006525317,0.0002219463,0.00008124678,0.0001637925,0.0006056704,0.00006707403,0.0008523891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004312555,0.00008863728,0.00003116819,0.0001361158,0.00009606239,0.0003246456,0.00005419339,0.00009273367,0.0001183893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009424544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000683726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003962259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008190025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987856,0.00005769587,0.000164306,0.0001640046,0.0006512644,0.000177128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993699,0.00002206687,0.0000726953,0.0000905136,0.0002839205,0.0001608783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002070276,0.000269595,0.0538667,0.000001391581,0.00002342192,0.000006082282,0.004107929,0.000005477238,0.000005590507,0.9390397,0.0009218424,0.001731563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003128433,0.000009080897,0.02744962,0.0000232593,0.000002950323,9.540286e-7,0.0042012,0.000003818087,0.000005687574,0.006392537,0.9615012,0.00009681531],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0409977,0.00005760857,0.00001801747,0.001248463,0.01028344,0.00009794469,0.000018601,0.00003181192,0.9472464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5918614,0.00002938869,0.00007350613,0.0004692437,0.0008620667,0.000008728557,0.00004254593,0.000004927689,0.4066482],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9605794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9333063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148216468","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2008.53.8052","title":"Jamaica's Policy Toward GATS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Higher education; Public administration; Quality (philosophy); Economic growth; Business; International trade; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06409344389530564,"gpt":0.4325131443996532,"spread":0.3684197005043475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002206395,0.00008034927,0.00006566464,0.0001515769,0.0001266819,0.0001120876,0.0003598871,0.00007563298,0.0006549088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001908181,0.00006980104,0.00004967433,0.0002529613,0.0001295865,0.0003165919,0.00003510665,0.00007436438,0.0005971095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009159924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002610739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02175446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001417877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988741,0.00004229691,0.0001603417,0.0001495154,0.0005692567,0.0002044948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989993,0.00002346088,0.00008200525,0.0001070282,0.0005153075,0.0002729152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000724912,0.0001625463,0.002773392,0.000001383917,0.00001372503,1.780973e-7,0.004909008,0.00001271675,0.000009035743,0.768129,0.2182348,0.005746923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009924312,0.000009592159,0.03385527,0.000008340246,0.00000310769,0.000001689873,0.002908229,0.000002174848,0.0000121504,0.07005403,0.8929611,0.00008507622],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05632635,0.000251768,0.00001194271,0.2235412,0.01065344,0.0001244058,0.000008429578,0.0000730869,0.7090093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8263142,0.00004159876,0.0002728937,0.003465629,0.006466601,0.00003049529,0.00004862483,0.000007568032,0.1633524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7699879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9847597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234148903","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2017.91.9774","title":"The Emergence (and Perils) of Income-Targeted Free Tuition","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Learning Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Public economics; Business; Political science; Economic growth","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02861286986160565,"gpt":0.419197993253778,"spread":0.3905851233921723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006119649,0.00006393538,0.00005997067,0.0000455763,0.001305992,0.0003117377,0.0008327802,0.0000526875,0.001173741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001288097,0.00005574521,0.00002905291,0.00005972066,0.0004184793,0.0007808228,0.00007958791,0.0001050805,0.00004141803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007405077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003549729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002697897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004626858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989981,0.000131345,0.0001963627,0.0001514703,0.0004068397,0.0001158509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984012,0.0002470285,0.0004712082,0.000379258,0.0004404635,0.0000608105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003145329,0.0001663123,0.3225982,0.00001030447,0.00005884332,1.868847e-7,0.01358253,0.000004273253,0.0004947152,0.6201749,0.01827301,0.02460522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000523834,0.000005602546,0.4972653,0.00001471908,0.000005837841,2.900749e-7,0.0009030154,0.00000286257,0.00006195458,0.006898891,0.4947454,0.00004367803],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7228445,0.0008692641,0.00002145471,0.1178405,0.01395574,0.0002049374,0.000007184836,0.00004325391,0.1442132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9620043,0.0005207598,0.0003869656,0.00008864229,0.0008657746,0.00003923812,0.000007130551,0.000007116968,0.0360801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6132761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151437820","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2009.57.8458","title":"Canadian Strategies for Internationalization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Globalization; Revenue; Diversity (politics); Government (linguistics); Value (mathematics); Business; Political science; Public relations; Economic growth; Public administration; Accounting; International trade; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04285112522276847,"gpt":0.3812325218708038,"spread":0.3383813966480353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003398296,0.00008104976,0.00006056779,0.000201979,0.0001834029,0.0002594241,0.0002939689,0.00007105336,0.00106737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001130829,0.00009196404,0.00003400617,0.0001783381,0.00004155195,0.0006947474,0.000009363118,0.0000427499,0.0001973241],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001870268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01025804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1247243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07878356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989625,0.00003745904,0.0001885323,0.0001807774,0.0004412171,0.0001895566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983281,0.00004174302,0.0000971966,0.0000885039,0.001163929,0.0002804946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007742923,0.00006065079,0.007663932,0.000001664529,0.00001527423,1.28638e-7,0.005667367,0.0000379572,0.000004444687,0.7776157,0.2062395,0.00268564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001576399,0.000007702703,0.01164177,0.00001195804,0.000003996315,4.488459e-7,0.002955266,0.00001232951,0.00001004163,0.08166852,0.9034249,0.0001054325],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02635469,0.0002973506,0.004072725,0.1033375,0.0326677,0.0006957759,0.00004591292,0.0001404625,0.8323879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.866019,0.00001902775,0.003016889,0.002543917,0.002047347,0.0002477395,0.0002821529,0.000012359,0.1258116],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8396643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229760603","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10683","title":"Forget the Competition Trope","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Internationalization; Trope (literature); Politics; Nationalism; Political science; Race (biology); Political economy; Development economics; Economics; Sociology; International trade; Gender studies; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03058626316249529,"gpt":0.3931437959132255,"spread":0.3625575327507302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001591034,0.00005114818,0.00003357602,0.00003547247,0.0003894119,0.0001166287,0.0002763328,0.00003668991,0.002736825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009496629,0.00003693579,0.0000320197,0.0001357021,0.0002267216,0.0002207096,0.00001526748,0.00005018405,0.0005931917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001764439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001941059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002476692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000758764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993293,0.00006970861,0.0001074887,0.0001108785,0.0002737254,0.000108853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990413,0.00003529039,0.00006496341,0.00009606128,0.0007076465,0.00005469313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005762603,0.0001069191,0.0008785565,6.355782e-7,0.00001105159,4.104872e-8,0.01243124,5.793989e-7,0.0001192247,0.834992,0.148251,0.003203025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005865489,0.000006697169,0.05202996,0.000007393292,0.00000454546,7.304019e-7,0.002802167,0.000005199091,0.0000507632,0.003610887,0.9413724,0.00005057663],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1972202,0.00006400693,0.0000231826,0.1500846,0.02371249,0.0002074095,0.000005366733,0.00007761226,0.6286052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9052151,0.00002260634,0.0003101938,0.004146575,0.003077263,0.00003381661,0.00004222797,0.000003780046,0.08714846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8313811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117176754","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2004.36.7422","title":"Ontario's Double Cohort","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cohort; Government (linguistics); Higher education; Political science; Public administration; Economic growth; Medicine; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03952749189032327,"gpt":0.3631169991203596,"spread":0.3235895072300363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005235961,0.00007855061,0.00007410486,0.0001153019,0.000916406,0.0001005452,0.0002850053,0.00009153808,0.003465054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002701996,0.00007490833,0.00003389039,0.0001303784,0.00008497619,0.0004057219,0.000001279708,0.0001056271,0.000754195],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001949068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03696084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.834129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9338368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988064,0.00006263478,0.0001912002,0.0001926155,0.0005342329,0.000212873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988284,0.00002736319,0.000100677,0.0001376264,0.0006820228,0.0002239227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002071723,0.0002798174,0.06305405,0.000001840668,0.00001977459,3.102923e-7,0.1386966,0.000002947009,4.382298e-7,0.7819498,0.0157482,0.0002255243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000175123,0.00001146035,0.04496377,0.000008695262,0.000007662919,0.000001287689,0.001060304,4.590347e-7,0.00001576989,0.008176985,0.9454842,0.00009432331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2900063,0.00006479358,0.0000115097,0.002750387,0.01454319,0.0002421976,0.000001181542,0.00004259986,0.6923378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4881906,0.00008631484,0.0003071844,0.0001741363,0.002336284,0.00001306546,0.00007133513,0.000006422805,0.5088146],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.929736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411330864","doi":"10.6017/895b9e0d.59115bc9","title":"Rethinking Private Higher Education for Changing Realities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education; Political science; Public administration; Economic growth; Regional science; Business; Economic geography; Economics; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03134624363126101,"gpt":0.3757126648631327,"spread":0.3443664212318717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005332628,0.0001390817,0.0001204886,0.0003994742,0.000592593,0.000229804,0.0004026296,0.0001231885,0.00172292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009008164,0.0001557588,0.00007502837,0.0004897297,0.00008077241,0.0004866017,0.00004610916,0.0001017956,0.00007816128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009923904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002633394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007676939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005116961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985259,0.00006912532,0.000329309,0.0003228417,0.0004255788,0.0003272092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987471,0.0001510939,0.0002023998,0.0001911297,0.0006335748,0.00007470601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001434742,0.0001810691,0.004541069,0.00002161631,0.00003623713,4.315369e-8,0.006594586,0.000002527059,0.00004544135,0.8585496,0.1178388,0.01217472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001185022,0.000004649528,0.03288705,0.0001470029,0.00001342964,1.498447e-7,0.0006279429,0.000001794302,0.0001111453,0.1682392,0.7977155,0.000133645],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.05504093,0.001211065,0.0007439886,0.1511936,0.06969772,0.001052737,0.00002097501,0.0002697501,0.7207692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.472773,0.00008975691,0.003278039,0.005086816,0.002192223,0.0005258838,0.0001319739,0.00001213542,0.5159101],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6903104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236160702","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.95.10680","title":"Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Battle; Quarter (Canadian coin); Worry; Faith; Higher education; Political science; Advertising; Public relations; Business; History; Law; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01741267151220083,"gpt":0.3669651306559207,"spread":0.3495524591437199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001497867,0.00005211373,0.00005756949,0.00007047646,0.0001880591,0.00003080305,0.0004679879,0.00002569788,0.002347265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002461532,0.000042945,0.00005632235,0.0001288636,0.0003863323,0.0001583324,0.00005652761,0.00005274321,0.00007684156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002778089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003192727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008051625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001253219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991175,0.00005869283,0.0001201032,0.0001041268,0.0005098381,0.00008975332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992377,0.00007090983,0.0001443907,0.00008415106,0.0004357678,0.00002706282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009374878,0.0004222745,0.05375087,0.00000588463,0.0001691357,3.798827e-7,0.09885943,0.000005497822,0.0004759462,0.8127417,0.02708681,0.006388292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000202163,0.00003246323,0.2491428,0.00003285252,0.0000134716,5.555061e-7,0.04806089,0.00000324108,0.0009893506,0.004556134,0.6968631,0.0001029916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7713163,0.00005003799,0.000008527968,0.01012499,0.007376214,0.00006144409,0.000006061418,0.00001494919,0.2110415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9440106,0.00004743129,0.00004234814,0.000227575,0.001607005,0.000003232669,0.000005877289,0.000004199439,0.05405178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8081856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242985886","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.94.10520","title":"Pathway Colleges: A New Institutional Form in Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Matriculation; Typology; Institution; Political science; Public administration; Public institution; Higher education; Public relations; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02160847045819097,"gpt":0.2483630375529657,"spread":0.2267545670947747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005219951,0.00006542481,0.00005283182,0.00009928377,0.0001130154,0.00007122545,0.0001325098,0.00001566217,0.01844792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002145759,0.00006202779,0.00001727559,0.00002910005,0.00003960296,0.0002006711,0.00001392788,0.00009857151,0.0001155826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005800675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002679436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9183985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9617134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994562,0.00001355259,0.0001413915,0.0001197634,0.0001705169,0.00009857172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997197,0.00002861594,0.00005088851,0.00006758974,0.0000916019,0.00004157643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002022822,0.00008953499,0.01085639,0.000004991805,0.00002618244,0.000004097919,0.0166529,0.00001382627,0.00002567239,0.8579189,0.05770719,0.05668006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001865425,0.00001230953,0.0194967,0.0000368493,0.000001797683,0.000003587645,0.00273479,0.00005028383,0.00003814065,0.00148875,0.9758625,0.0000877245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6805396,0.00009025847,0.000008281336,0.003041525,0.007279663,0.00005347848,0.00001098571,0.00001979239,0.3089564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8891112,8.340226e-7,0.00007259434,0.001765415,0.003495209,0.00001160267,0.00006738497,0.00000608894,0.1054696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9181553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9824494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414600499","doi":"10.6017/895b9e0d.1e627071","title":"Derisking Policies in International Higher Education: Navigating the Geopolitics of Knowledge","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geopolitics; Foreign policy; International relations; Globalization; Knowledge production","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02069152762516118,"gpt":0.4044999211909098,"spread":0.3838083935657486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004363802,0.0001423677,0.0001411228,0.0002433207,0.0002500064,0.0001374058,0.00077908,0.0001038366,0.001578627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001344826,0.0001334337,0.00007074945,0.0006810658,0.000220431,0.0003712345,0.00009228655,0.0002491598,0.00005599938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009835557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003846792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007558507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005936248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983318,0.0001310872,0.0005434807,0.000255341,0.0004964783,0.0002418453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984138,0.0002585151,0.0002867928,0.0002174792,0.0007639113,0.00005947662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000739184,0.0004950609,0.1156446,0.00001322577,0.00004152684,1.095488e-7,0.01106012,0.00001314293,0.00002019321,0.8361323,0.02291459,0.01365771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001111827,0.000002794852,0.3730684,0.0002370064,0.000007494535,3.850604e-7,0.002811323,0.000003582569,0.0001200558,0.04072816,0.5828165,0.00009314262],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.382184,0.001419727,0.00002836579,0.06181722,0.0297606,0.000329549,0.0000100135,0.00004740614,0.5244031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8580512,0.0001435538,0.0005686482,0.00234096,0.001538376,0.0001602938,0.00004450238,0.00001021721,0.1371422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7954042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807868865","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2018.0.10560","title":"Pathway Colleges: A New Institutional Form in Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Matriculation; Typology; Institution; Political science; Higher education; Public relations; Public administration; Public institution; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02160847045819097,"gpt":0.2483630375529657,"spread":0.2267545670947747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005219951,0.00006542481,0.00005283182,0.00009928377,0.0001130154,0.00007122545,0.0001325098,0.00001566217,0.01844792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002145759,0.00006202779,0.00001727559,0.00002910005,0.00003960296,0.0002006711,0.00001392788,0.00009857151,0.0001155826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005800675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002679436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9183985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9617134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994562,0.00001355259,0.0001413915,0.0001197634,0.0001705169,0.00009857172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997197,0.00002861594,0.00005088851,0.00006758974,0.0000916019,0.00004157643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002022822,0.00008953499,0.01085639,0.000004991805,0.00002618244,0.000004097919,0.0166529,0.00001382627,0.00002567239,0.8579189,0.05770719,0.05668006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001865425,0.00001230953,0.0194967,0.0000368493,0.000001797683,0.000003587645,0.00273479,0.00005028383,0.00003814065,0.00148875,0.9758625,0.0000877245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6805396,0.00009025847,0.000008281336,0.003041525,0.007279663,0.00005347848,0.00001098571,0.00001979239,0.3089564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8891112,8.340226e-7,0.00007259434,0.001765415,0.003495209,0.00001160267,0.00006738497,0.00000608894,0.1054696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9181553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9824494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403175454","doi":"10.6017/895b9e0d.12b03628","title":"Catalyzing Regional Influence: The United Arab Emirates’ and Qatar’s Bids for Educational Leadership in the MENA Region through International Education Hubs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Middle East; Political science; Ancient history; Geography; History; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1615808810614645,"gpt":0.4215416087309785,"spread":0.2599607276695139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006964908,0.0001931459,0.0001017144,0.0003120494,0.0004783006,0.0007383127,0.0007842761,0.0001338031,0.0002136696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005455028,0.0001386063,0.00008772235,0.0007283777,0.0003520717,0.00108412,0.0000349477,0.0002811559,0.00004723119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000638424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001617472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006488259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005051041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981214,0.0002143639,0.0003860185,0.0004307802,0.0005619682,0.0002854342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978921,0.0007214378,0.0001494812,0.0002146018,0.0009461937,0.00007619327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002737186,0.0003175401,0.002885593,0.00003522691,0.00005457001,3.249679e-7,0.05959369,0.00003065092,0.00006047612,0.7879972,0.1432476,0.005749737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001595761,0.00001056273,0.04510466,0.0002118254,0.0000274694,0.00002449084,0.02563338,0.0001020001,0.00001024648,0.02726621,0.9012696,0.0001800142],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2547833,0.003280636,0.00005941138,0.7041488,0.01779571,0.001140486,0.00002393111,0.00008931676,0.01867835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550643,0.0005058196,0.0005644186,0.01379248,0.002930065,0.0008281405,0.001004273,0.00001889111,0.02529163],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.760731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.980835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1708449694","doi":"10.6017/ihe.2013.73.6111","title":"The Founding of University of the Chinese Academic of Sciences","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Higher Education","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Chinese academy of sciences; China; Beneficiary; Political science; Resource (disambiguation); Sociology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03741042463476923,"gpt":0.3746773338783542,"spread":0.3372669092435849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000747527,0.0000328534,0.00004891933,0.00003543965,0.0001726042,0.000008311189,0.0005538163,0.0000294464,0.00007246048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000198148,0.0000216308,0.00003181818,0.0003547381,0.0004464145,0.0001565565,0.00003851731,0.00004861823,0.000004996138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001377162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00140711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002073828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001510711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991218,0.00008496472,0.0001439708,0.00006832543,0.0005190433,0.00006193876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990693,0.0001529242,0.000298085,0.0000670123,0.0003857172,0.00002701567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001962818,0.00008855128,0.5702646,0.000004349899,0.00001987847,1.329699e-8,0.02033806,0.00003637644,0.0002512015,0.3944437,0.01226912,0.002264459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008003817,0.000006997512,0.7152532,0.00003592954,0.00000434684,1.52431e-7,0.004997327,0.00000369219,0.0001834844,0.01803102,0.2613707,0.00003307057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9321376,0.0002813646,0.00002063864,0.01208955,0.005134481,0.00009217486,0.000002866759,0.000004575849,0.05023676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848154,0.00008671642,0.0002114317,0.00005368354,0.0001715994,0.000001088547,8.29756e-7,0.000001464728,0.01465786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3764127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3135021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}