{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":41,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":41,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"0ae93f826983","filters":{"venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education"}},"results":[{"id":"W4361205834","doi":"10.1177/03064190231166665","title":"Exploring natural language processing in mechanical engineering education: Implications for academic integrity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Computer science; Extant taxon; Automation; Cheating; Academic integrity; Natural (archaeology); Natural language; Engineering ethics; Software engineering; Artificial intelligence; Data science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan Lesage","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert W. Brennan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Elaine Eaton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Beatriz Moya Figueroa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brenda McDermott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jason Wiens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kai Herrero","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06078129438859478,"gpt":0.3752472311078585,"spread":0.3144659367192637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002065422,0.0001424095,0.0002036579,0.0006412076,0.00009051555,0.00008024459,0.0007145934,0.0003237258,0.00001553423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004748476,0.0001502912,0.0001295104,0.0005801339,0.00001826644,0.0008833123,0.00005092689,0.002002918,0.000008824161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000645259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001390447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001639709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003031939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983568,0.00005445651,0.0006247038,0.0001917633,0.0004700653,0.0003022142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984228,0.0004342051,0.0002338326,0.00009210185,0.0006603944,0.0001566575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001206762,0.0003938408,0.0003954667,0.0002316735,0.000101039,0.000008333104,0.01644921,0.003424758,0.04210255,0.4912944,0.00392196,0.4415562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00550662,0.0005011591,0.05962865,0.01502027,0.0004388249,0.0009937021,0.0914842,0.3516004,0.02596967,0.08050115,0.3639358,0.004419538],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8184195,0.00249532,0.08305075,0.06557494,0.02874362,0.0009241503,0.00003207034,0.0004211316,0.0003385515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880542,0.0004591947,0.007962619,0.0002007901,0.002990189,0.0001221245,0.00003121658,0.00002463468,0.0001550501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4371366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8701795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793492139","doi":"10.1177/0306419018754396","title":"Misconceptions in engineering thermodynamics: A review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Mathematics education; Epistemology; Psychology; Physics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Sepehr Foroushani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06642654636120034,"gpt":0.4410693050444815,"spread":0.3746427586832812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001991187,0.0001852148,0.0005755773,0.0006394438,0.00004189813,0.00008308555,0.001033866,0.0001916816,0.0003992429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003072224,0.0001720136,0.0003285412,0.0005139979,0.00003477844,0.0002697541,0.00003637117,0.0005638516,0.00005047388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009004907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003140605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008026504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003665695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978916,0.0001636365,0.000910664,0.0001836935,0.0006389261,0.0002114592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982245,0.0003663819,0.0005471172,0.0001518757,0.0005398719,0.0001702376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003017586,0.0003026834,0.000001591253,0.00426215,0.0001409748,0.000008710355,0.001513284,0.00008832553,0.000004187838,0.03501674,0.004525668,0.9541327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004982413,0.00001519539,0.000002833743,0.03936761,0.00007376361,0.00005409369,0.0001740151,0.0001412237,2.649784e-7,0.0001095581,0.9598555,0.0001561403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001211902,0.9848664,0.002060053,0.001120353,0.01117351,0.000264445,0.000004810388,0.00002178761,0.0004765753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001308615,0.9951479,0.001473471,0.0001486244,0.002797209,0.00003664077,0.0000147554,0.00002370833,0.0002268589],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9553298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7014511,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2780234937","doi":"10.1177/0306419017749581","title":"Chemical exergy of ideal and non-ideal gas mixtures and liquid solutions with applications","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Process engineering; Ideal (ethics); Ideal gas; Thermodynamics; Ideal solution; Chemical thermodynamics; Computer science; Engineering; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajinder Pal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008796696238721221,"gpt":0.245925640873659,"spread":0.2371289446349377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001215187,0.0001327251,0.0002157673,0.00007547932,0.00007375597,0.00004810088,0.000380447,0.00009121733,0.00001393487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003151658,0.0001105406,0.0000678891,0.00004074603,0.0001035494,0.0001926342,0.0001446994,0.000300603,0.000001156716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007773253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008696094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007350791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001549079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990466,0.00000605468,0.000368407,0.0001465737,0.0002821413,0.0001502727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989635,0.0001155097,0.00023989,0.0001853685,0.0003313217,0.0001644331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001601537,0.0002270352,0.00002256409,0.00008933287,0.0001475094,0.000002057892,0.00009595607,0.0008968362,0.9588009,0.0319824,0.000175413,0.007399872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001824191,0.0004114562,0.0005740719,0.001374714,0.0002435972,0.0006956715,0.0001160096,0.06649558,0.9121296,0.007998712,0.00742491,0.0007115159],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8131464,0.0009927914,0.1804937,0.003580392,0.0008081065,0.0002273699,0.00002790286,0.00004831001,0.0006750912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907948,0.0001328445,0.008377771,0.00003593757,0.0005854383,0.00002103846,0.000006702362,0.00001783433,0.00002757478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1776485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4507715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2587475762","doi":"10.1177/0306419016689501","title":"Demystification of the Gouy-Stodola theorem of thermodynamics for closed systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Second law of thermodynamics; Thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Work (physics); Mathematics; Irreversible process; Laws of thermodynamics; Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Mathematical economics; Calculus (dental); Theoretical physics; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajinder Pal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01098862594157989,"gpt":0.2601476504948489,"spread":0.249159024553269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003397801,0.00008195563,0.0001468271,0.0001035244,0.00003183862,0.00004586106,0.0006319326,0.00007264873,0.000005003305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007475529,0.00006299845,0.00010961,0.00004306317,0.00001927839,0.0002369199,0.0000179587,0.0001100369,3.45777e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001024967,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005889794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.880309e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991178,0.0000125248,0.0004925228,0.00005692405,0.0002577538,0.00006245974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983799,0.00007886878,0.0005197847,0.0001964718,0.0007949405,0.00003003725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006494921,0.0001373912,0.00008319884,0.0002415833,0.0002074861,1.174171e-7,0.0002538115,0.5572285,0.1866796,0.2410545,0.0002797103,0.01376905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003564995,0.00003727736,0.00162074,0.0004044762,0.00003841746,0.00001584428,0.00009267154,0.9375809,0.05698913,0.002078686,0.0006966787,0.00008871794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1318891,0.0002431373,0.8590755,0.0003862897,0.007673915,0.0002403842,0.00002650159,0.00002284325,0.0004422821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956071,0.00007165645,0.004009132,0.000007937224,0.0002337301,0.00001158586,0.000007131837,0.00001764013,0.00003411855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.863718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2569002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2602364393","doi":"10.1177/0306419017697413","title":"On the Gouy–Stodola theorem of thermodynamics for open systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Confusion; Second law of thermodynamics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Entropy (arrow of time); Calculus (dental); Mathematical economics; Applied mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajinder Pal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0143747116058735,"gpt":0.2752400305700426,"spread":0.2608653189641691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000578944,0.0000863477,0.0001414556,0.0000772397,0.00004451321,0.0001795932,0.001207052,0.00004937364,0.000007239161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005274244,0.00006333429,0.00008572911,0.00001924118,0.00001040183,0.000171993,0.00005699058,0.0001432553,0.000001113948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001170978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000645342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001336473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001191015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993286,0.000009556375,0.000314389,0.00005999685,0.0002038546,0.00008359414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990326,0.0002384942,0.0002082512,0.0002125747,0.0002699372,0.0000381493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003252524,0.00005169905,0.000004754627,0.00003360113,0.0001428593,7.147503e-7,0.00006865645,0.1434273,0.01515087,0.836522,0.000380121,0.004184964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003411937,0.00007243339,0.0002692145,0.0004544127,0.00002117793,0.00003073819,0.00007089651,0.9826915,0.002285706,0.01260168,0.001056898,0.0001041902],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4055284,0.000306618,0.5723822,0.001291828,0.0176137,0.0005167563,0.00003921289,0.00003099108,0.002290311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977207,0.00004356309,0.001785802,0.00002388485,0.0003295437,0.00001679327,0.000003161862,0.00002431008,0.00005222802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8392642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2582697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216846263","doi":"10.1177/03064190211055431","title":"Archimedes’ principle with surface tension effects in undergraduate fluid mechanics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Buoyancy; Surface tension; Mechanics; Fluid mechanics; Hydrostatic pressure; Statics; Float (project management); Hydrostatic equilibrium; Tension (geology); Classical mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Marine engineering","authors":[{"name":"David Naylor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Tsai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004165986965052279,"gpt":0.2508867393564244,"spread":0.2467207523913721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001025792,0.0000998974,0.0001522828,0.00005003546,0.00001670279,0.00002759169,0.0001336658,0.00001905417,0.0000190679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004041138,0.00008228329,0.00006477061,0.0001050621,0.000008109158,0.0001055549,0.00005818945,0.0001806362,0.000004217393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008057097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000143974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001130927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.977517e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992499,0.00002542619,0.0002315254,0.0001080243,0.0002745616,0.0001105639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993892,0.0001095768,0.00009188939,0.00007320828,0.0002711116,0.00006503014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003688624,0.0004280003,0.0002087162,0.00001265493,0.0001220659,0.00001441899,0.00007544212,0.009040822,0.08854177,0.9003659,0.00002540171,0.001127877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00149257,0.0002213558,0.0004559151,0.0008721355,0.00004800203,0.00006788244,0.0003739886,0.03274072,0.2926419,0.6702881,0.0004881396,0.0003092827],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6124132,0.0002911908,0.3803718,0.002073802,0.002653773,0.0001351839,0.000004678207,0.00001828677,0.002038091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934005,0.000009997165,0.006201298,0.00004466231,0.0002749022,0.000003743819,0.000009287,0.00001292928,0.00004265716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3809873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3355415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2314987373","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.35.2.1","title":"A Freshman Engineering Curriculum Integrating Design and Experimentation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology","keywords":"Curriculum; Teamwork; Class (philosophy); Engineering; Quarter (Canadian coin); Engineering management; Course (navigation); Engineering design process; Mathematics education; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Pedagogy; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Management","authors":[{"name":"Elizabeth DeBartolo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Risa Robinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01123467863043208,"gpt":0.2962700854630758,"spread":0.2850354068326437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006175266,0.0001762428,0.0001680556,0.0004716287,0.00001800675,0.00007336057,0.0002308339,0.00009541633,0.00003287975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003001758,0.0001824901,0.00006400972,0.0001575783,0.000007359726,0.000305129,0.00001941916,0.000310197,0.000004447247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002422032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007124853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000954749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001207581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998844,0.0000112624,0.0005335709,0.0001106917,0.0003085127,0.0001919731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991966,0.0001719413,0.00009993754,0.00009045073,0.0002664457,0.000174631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005991571,0.0004178604,0.0003173957,0.0002408784,0.0005167316,0.00004053354,0.003158389,0.4560934,0.4125078,0.04201648,0.003173527,0.08145703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001201842,0.0002340284,0.00292998,0.0008533366,0.00007537512,0.001063047,0.001634394,0.8228658,0.1449545,0.0004675645,0.0228481,0.0008719431],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2123614,0.0006687076,0.7802489,0.0001385577,0.006270407,0.00009727857,9.295827e-7,0.0001321047,0.00008173873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8737426,0.0001013309,0.1252094,0.00004210297,0.000833121,0.000008574771,0.000006102309,0.00004052098,0.00001627017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6613812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7441732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177188188","doi":"10.1177/03064190211025954","title":"A build-at-home student laboratory experiment in mechanical vibrations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Set (abstract data type); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Bifilar coil; Computer science; Simple (philosophy); Multimedia; Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"G. S. Schajer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005848340459577884,"gpt":0.2748044215104282,"spread":0.2689560810508503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002593081,0.0001874583,0.0002388158,0.0003138696,0.00001934717,0.00006534007,0.0003575234,0.00009802251,0.0001697098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001549669,0.0002149476,0.0001088229,0.0002688286,0.000007425752,0.0002771566,0.00009403349,0.0004134634,0.00001598447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00117617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001764441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002174939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002695675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983806,0.00003335065,0.0006573246,0.0001648826,0.0005560651,0.0002077805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991924,0.00009787524,0.00008871994,0.0001711897,0.0002979246,0.0001519204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001301594,0.0002995224,0.0001082807,0.00002475448,0.0001227034,0.00007585203,0.0003941639,0.3074872,0.685758,0.004764385,0.000339748,0.0006123573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001602852,0.000133853,0.003108312,0.0007048141,0.00003608473,0.0005497953,0.0009046155,0.1146972,0.8577533,0.0002213013,0.01961276,0.0006750808],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534868,0.002132859,0.03365191,0.0004332459,0.009826968,0.0001117347,0.00001065326,0.0001523359,0.0001934768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817482,0.0001503812,0.01734383,0.00007062232,0.0005431948,0.00003061287,0.00001519252,0.0000545963,0.00004332423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.19279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8765307,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2313362036","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.32.2.2","title":"Quick-Return Mechanism Design and Analysis Projects","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Mechatronics Education and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Computer science; Crank; Four-bar linkage; Motion (physics); Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Ron P. Podhorodeski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Nokleby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan D. Wittchen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01245278780241689,"gpt":0.2601484758271641,"spread":0.2476956880247472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003080974,0.0001282758,0.0001751099,0.0005184906,0.00002315291,0.00006984539,0.0002710175,0.00007775459,0.00003598415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001043647,0.0001279211,0.0001013147,0.0003458008,0.000007647413,0.000192763,0.00001923169,0.00021714,0.000006502657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002584244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002113439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005933508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001185363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990414,0.00001352873,0.0003929237,0.000116253,0.0003057623,0.0001300962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992839,0.00006266457,0.0001095127,0.0001232508,0.0002740634,0.0001466313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000244643,0.0003523749,0.00003110036,0.00005206276,0.001495774,0.000005635274,0.0008782481,0.5007863,0.06367211,0.4209679,0.0004179943,0.01131601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002734788,0.000351421,0.002012062,0.0004660229,0.001406414,0.0007783736,0.0009482621,0.7213224,0.1713191,0.08911394,0.008252889,0.001294401],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07899398,0.0002522019,0.9178676,0.0008804942,0.001744478,0.0001287756,0.000002941443,0.00007485077,0.00005467517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9135124,0.0001843582,0.08587143,0.00007503451,0.0002844576,0.0000239132,0.000009784154,0.00002102621,0.00001758042],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8345184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5216473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2320280295","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.38.3.3","title":"Use of Linear Graphs and Thevenin/Norton Equivalent Circuits in the Modeling and Analysis of Electro-Mechanical Systems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Thévenin's theorem; Equivalent circuit; Mechanical system; Computer science; Network analysis; Domain (mathematical analysis); Electronic circuit; Coupling (piping); Nonlinear system; Linear system; Control engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Clarence W. de Silva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02001199515303856,"gpt":0.2720596230921013,"spread":0.2520476279390628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005905199,0.00006809063,0.0001644024,0.0003953178,0.00001767686,0.00003925409,0.0004083298,0.0000505878,0.000001242535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001574181,0.00005339918,0.00007144219,0.0003864438,0.00001163489,0.0002688858,0.00005036997,0.0002298852,6.857465e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002177232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008067869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005698061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004086369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989868,0.00002974372,0.0004542175,0.0001125186,0.000340678,0.00007607882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990496,0.0002108607,0.0002145379,0.0001448028,0.0003347009,0.00004548846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009840333,0.0003890373,0.0004034143,0.00002565058,0.0003254939,0.000001972264,0.0004278393,0.1230929,0.09037967,0.776568,0.00001231303,0.008363853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009749027,0.00004495508,0.002595922,0.0000450035,0.0000562907,0.00007383789,0.00003515134,0.9937829,0.000726129,0.002441596,0.00005093372,0.00004973368],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5420433,0.0001080832,0.4571089,0.0003731503,0.0003080043,0.00004986897,0.000002888724,0.000003899619,0.000001840914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818631,0.0001118282,0.01793182,0.00001916847,0.00005878426,0.000006297898,0.000003139145,0.000003595969,0.000002224682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.87069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2177555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2968256635","doi":"10.1177/0306419019868801","title":"A systematic approach for modeling multi-physics systems","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Domain (mathematical analysis); Domain model; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Focus (optics); Physical system; Realization (probability); Domain engineering; Artificial intelligence; Domain knowledge; Physics; Mathematics; Software","authors":[{"name":"Clarence W. de Silva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01333498553783572,"gpt":0.2574198859702846,"spread":0.2440849004324489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003390581,0.0001628424,0.0002910365,0.0001721239,0.00001113329,0.00007784063,0.0003670316,0.00008470962,0.000003478593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001539573,0.0001617105,0.0001471529,0.00008274821,0.000002465693,0.0002530119,0.00002010302,0.0002344642,0.000008637712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000342809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004994774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002271381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.349524e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987976,0.0000130873,0.000580273,0.0001103763,0.0003395437,0.0001590961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999266,0.00009211718,0.0001192078,0.00013397,0.000306681,0.00008208204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006552767,0.00006613971,0.000004647461,0.002575755,0.0001836713,4.675119e-7,0.0001023573,0.9679118,0.02554447,0.003480229,0.0000253264,0.00009863068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003793715,0.00003442752,0.000002442594,0.001690678,0.00002829744,0.0000747396,0.0002064241,0.9956793,0.001658219,0.00002143051,0.00006869406,0.0001560287],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02325487,0.0009173946,0.9681056,0.000009689737,0.007134075,0.0003889974,0.000003150179,0.0001151861,0.0000710782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8871285,0.00002225112,0.1120544,0.000008234448,0.0005933675,0.00006721914,0.00001200373,0.00006221951,0.00005176957],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8638737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6594361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281750844","doi":"10.1177/03064190221105078","title":"Visiting central heating plant and mechanical rooms in buildings: A case study of virtual tours to foster students’ learning in a distance course","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Pace; Course (navigation); Virtual learning environment; Reading (process); Multimedia; Computer science; Mathematics education; Engineering; Air conditioning; Medical education; Architectural engineering; Psychology; Mechanical engineering; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Louis-Gabriel Maltais","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis Gosselin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006286321330386513,"gpt":0.2759882995417756,"spread":0.2697019782113891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007058842,0.000166523,0.0002786246,0.000455033,0.00003200923,0.00004674846,0.0003221155,0.00004129711,0.00001306775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000226454,0.0001988146,0.00004575805,0.000274663,0.00000438403,0.0001846908,0.0001822267,0.0007587877,2.308032e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007207903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005317459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008571768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003699446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982045,0.0000662892,0.0007239052,0.0001777869,0.0005869949,0.0002405543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994285,0.0001737001,0.0001321218,0.00008209499,0.0000629123,0.0001206517],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000585098,0.0004849392,0.005115509,0.00002199381,0.0000651163,0.0004498119,0.005330535,0.9644946,0.02045587,0.0003161371,0.000008142788,0.003198849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003391663,0.001655004,0.007515619,0.001092887,0.00004472497,0.004939323,0.06446645,0.9115734,0.004305681,0.00004262919,0.0003482999,0.0006243395],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835834,0.0001480687,0.0145496,0.00006591326,0.001404751,0.0002016588,0.000003902726,0.00003799588,0.000004705024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972987,0.000007340248,0.002442209,0.00002246127,0.0001420965,0.00004021717,0.000002989958,0.00004051391,0.000003445666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05913591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8107423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979146433","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.30.4.5","title":"Electro-Mechanical Design Engineering: A Progress Report and Future Directions for Mechatronics Education","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Mechatronics Education and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Mechatronics; Electronics; Engineering; Bachelor; Graduation (instrument); Engineering management; Manufacturing engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering education; Mechanical design; Mechanical engineering technology; Vocational education; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yusuf Altıntaş","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Croft","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01151405503692738,"gpt":0.2616534840788651,"spread":0.2501394290419377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040722,0.0002365585,0.0002438596,0.0004006883,0.00005531407,0.0001162743,0.0003509477,0.0001736306,0.00006878628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002338545,0.0002516106,0.0001440754,0.0002482326,0.0000110323,0.0002900902,0.00002252719,0.0003696086,0.000007231255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003865839,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002578979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001539572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.858356e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998453,0.00001832457,0.0006847674,0.0002262372,0.000358908,0.0002587908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985631,0.000137474,0.0002102284,0.0002223295,0.00062463,0.0002422042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008173082,0.002199669,0.00002033308,0.0003667717,0.0009797732,0.00001139359,0.0007377776,0.01864597,0.03613072,0.550827,0.04222302,0.3477758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006101585,0.0001782147,0.00008258348,0.0001709784,0.000126814,0.001725698,0.0001476759,0.3644965,0.007650203,0.003099257,0.621219,0.0004929673],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01755185,0.009013895,0.9431956,0.009820065,0.01874126,0.00109103,0.00002186939,0.0004430516,0.0001213365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6665216,0.004316551,0.3210308,0.000165665,0.006656714,0.000757248,0.00008435637,0.0001663252,0.0003006857],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6489698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327198913","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.33.1.3","title":"An Efficient Monte Carlo Approach for Determining Shape Factors","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Statistical physics; Dynamic Monte Carlo method; Simple (philosophy); Monte Carlo method in statistical physics; Monte Carlo molecular modeling; Computer science; Hybrid Monte Carlo; Mathematical optimization; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Mathematics; Physics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Biglarbegian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02007929844959449,"gpt":0.2688656377444356,"spread":0.2487863392948411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000251405,0.0001284482,0.0001528728,0.0001454083,0.00001821404,0.00005787889,0.0003037733,0.00006978552,0.00001595629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001573364,0.0001184975,0.0001014841,0.00005888693,0.000004257314,0.0002094839,0.000009919427,0.0001554892,0.000001343774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002410479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004877677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001459979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.568616e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990085,0.000008263782,0.0003722192,0.0001001834,0.0003575016,0.000153271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993364,0.00006235021,0.00007205179,0.00008705161,0.0003029012,0.0001392692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001312447,0.0001594167,0.00005698128,0.00002061806,0.00006638315,4.021729e-7,0.0001266407,0.9660081,0.009697535,0.0004483554,0.00003161146,0.02337089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002913866,0.00005691969,0.0006471373,0.00005848984,0.00002127609,0.00001564533,0.0001097967,0.9897153,0.007919014,0.00001352128,0.001023578,0.0001279851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7152069,0.0001332692,0.2821682,0.00004599186,0.002255001,0.00008643196,0.000004495395,0.00005103307,0.00004869976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9196627,0.00000979269,0.07952566,0.00002155395,0.0007298081,0.00001237785,0.000005155626,0.00002937177,0.000003598224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2044558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4832186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2318289201","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.29.1.5","title":"Teaching the Environmental Impact of Industrial Processes","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Industrial ecology; Environmental impact assessment; Process (computing); Engineering; Secondary sector of the economy; Business; Engineering management; Environmental planning; Ecology; Environmental science; Computer science; Economics; Sustainability; Economy","authors":[{"name":"Marc A. Rosen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01784666572994999,"gpt":0.2964271548689426,"spread":0.2785804891389926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002499497,0.0001094111,0.0001260128,0.0001807997,0.00001511406,0.00002538306,0.000353605,0.00006599694,0.0001061978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002631551,0.00008277743,0.0001101837,0.00009187831,0.000009653872,0.0001762029,0.00001539085,0.0003476256,0.000004259562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002165522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001920178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002100361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.568908e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991655,0.00001512088,0.000376439,0.00005558859,0.0002834781,0.0001038411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999499,0.0001296426,0.0001105555,0.00009469502,0.00009601294,0.00007014022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204287,0.0007982879,0.004846748,0.0001080956,0.001078237,0.00001116518,0.002274796,0.7618708,0.08782972,0.00330368,0.006571251,0.1311868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008440644,0.002354397,0.07528003,0.003956761,0.000711943,0.009120991,0.003157902,0.4179997,0.0848317,0.003443628,0.3872864,0.003415973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765877,0.0004883512,0.01758201,0.000397793,0.004627173,0.00007563019,0.000007680693,0.00004453773,0.0001891545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978632,0.0001778971,0.0006973754,0.00001724799,0.0011635,0.000004573415,0.000007243975,0.00002125993,0.00004769174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3807151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3375566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897260750","doi":"10.1177/0306419018791526","title":"Biomedical engineering undergraduate education: A Canadian perspective","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"St Joseph's Health Care; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Scope (computer science); Engineering education; Engineering ethics; Context (archaeology); Health systems engineering; Biological systems engineering; Engineering; Engineering management; Pedagogy; Computer science; Sociology; Civil engineering software","authors":[{"name":"Nikolas K. Knowles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Isha DeCoito","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004944152719046721,"gpt":0.2397673741990809,"spread":0.2348232214800342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002592009,0.0002114908,0.0001994738,0.0008793111,0.00003314328,0.0000828186,0.0005137791,0.0001729302,0.0001164734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004456982,0.0002146226,0.0001129758,0.0004153691,0.00003433167,0.0002853471,0.00002349732,0.0004018453,0.00006844196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001220234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001420005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000967407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001163203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985394,0.00001077266,0.000496668,0.0001623858,0.0004916437,0.0002991423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981993,0.00005705239,0.0000777984,0.0001634163,0.0009354244,0.0005669566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001407666,0.002599165,0.0002999359,0.0009259902,0.00300822,0.00008948457,0.004532249,0.02743766,0.1343608,0.4130519,0.204058,0.2094958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001525654,0.000683078,0.004404859,0.002428569,0.0002180493,0.002277077,0.001810779,0.2384776,0.01646942,0.01143863,0.7184233,0.001842937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3479497,0.004818884,0.3684499,0.03923967,0.229805,0.0007918508,0.00007081014,0.001346354,0.007527792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829702,0.00009983958,0.01127027,0.0002102398,0.005281954,0.0000162277,0.00002165015,0.0000520009,0.00007758467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6350205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8752057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980379979","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.31.3.2","title":"A Novel Approach to the Teaching of Planar Mechanism Dynamics – A Case Study","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Planar; Crank; Complement (music); Class (philosophy); Computer science; Operator (biology); Dynamics (music); Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Motion (physics); Physics; Computer graphics (images)","authors":[{"name":"Rosario Sinatra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jorge Angeles","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01157669606422064,"gpt":0.2492355984398618,"spread":0.2376589023756412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008173831,0.0001456899,0.0002019127,0.0002446146,0.00003155012,0.00004325224,0.000395928,0.00006206719,0.000004514665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003441231,0.0001169302,0.0000930731,0.0001291936,0.000003638263,0.0001125014,0.00002233542,0.000359696,0.000001484854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002231812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008785313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005020045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000120465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998757,0.00003258379,0.0005321956,0.0001085595,0.0004321979,0.0001374489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926,0.00009590762,0.0001278465,0.0001779338,0.0002259075,0.000112378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008341118,0.0006061601,0.000006768059,0.00002408419,0.0001940071,0.00003290319,0.0009380637,0.5584531,0.002993308,0.4343365,0.00006890148,0.002337866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005974722,0.0002210859,0.00002504187,0.0001050136,0.0000823441,0.008312624,0.005989153,0.9814743,0.0004631923,0.002232276,0.0002663077,0.0002312126],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07985607,0.00002529441,0.9164759,0.00009490924,0.003059757,0.0001956834,0.000006188559,0.00002698815,0.0002592304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7670586,0.00000378489,0.2326877,0.00003131372,0.0001609723,0.00001175673,0.000002293501,0.00002568605,0.00001800111],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6872025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4768277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189013827","doi":"10.1177/03064190211034165","title":"An improved de Laval nozzle experiment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Isentropic process; Shock (circulatory); Compressible flow; Rocket engine nozzle; Mechanics; Flow visualization; Compressibility; Computer science; Duct (anatomy); Flow (mathematics); Simulation; Physics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas Goodman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian J. Leege","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Johnson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005098788449345436,"gpt":0.2668078638876061,"spread":0.2617090754382607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001960539,0.0001332824,0.0001442723,0.0001392906,0.00001372425,0.00007552974,0.0003099439,0.00007984364,0.00008448366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001433074,0.0001512645,0.00009045941,0.00009358681,0.000005234312,0.0002803366,0.0000244939,0.0002935962,0.00000583975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004404981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001800584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005341835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.828329e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990728,0.00001855017,0.0003531662,0.0001046425,0.0002793425,0.0001715315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993313,0.00004034875,0.00005912693,0.0001413827,0.0002593361,0.0001685373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007031154,0.0001234097,0.00001743836,0.00001418614,0.00007523126,0.00001895128,0.0002182904,0.1968028,0.7980872,0.001035355,0.0001871896,0.003412938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002996414,0.00006580196,0.0002291589,0.0001117736,0.00001311099,0.0004490784,0.0002405395,0.3134544,0.6784433,0.00008587667,0.006429268,0.0001780629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6925498,0.001520429,0.2940923,0.0002822707,0.01086559,0.00006997422,0.000004079626,0.0002610166,0.0003545496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383095,0.0000870327,0.06052488,0.00005224873,0.0009247681,0.00000920058,0.00001082349,0.00004605329,0.00003550325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2457597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6168386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2925689611","doi":"10.1177/0306419019831393","title":"Revival of water table experiments in fluid mechanics courses, part I","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Fluid mechanics; Mach number; Compressible flow; Compressibility; Fluid dynamics; Nozzle; Mechanics; Division (mathematics); Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Epistemology; Arithmetic","authors":[{"name":"Oleg Goushcha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005877294879911881,"gpt":0.2588448716545021,"spread":0.2529675767745902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001654309,0.00008710923,0.0001814951,0.00007721464,0.000007119334,0.00001285178,0.000201758,0.00002224081,0.0003705001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001222925,0.00006837606,0.00007879337,0.00004910742,0.000006660312,0.0001398124,0.00005633476,0.0001122475,0.00001560355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006122205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005111508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002084565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.349428e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991643,0.00001363914,0.0003665132,0.00008334131,0.0002625029,0.0001097058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995537,0.00003184466,0.0001089029,0.00007434778,0.0001884702,0.00004270804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000450618,0.0005361121,0.0002789085,0.00001421402,0.0001241017,6.679594e-7,0.0002168955,0.001644577,0.259339,0.7369675,0.0001637482,0.000669265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001136685,0.0001914909,0.00005364369,0.0005509957,0.00002551203,0.000006294199,0.0009393133,0.005479217,0.8571275,0.1316189,0.00264388,0.0002264796],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704952,0.0003299504,0.01346932,0.0004454959,0.006743241,0.000209736,0.00001371762,0.00001012242,0.00828323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989156,0.00001028264,0.0005550847,0.00002172165,0.0003743159,0.000005996539,0.00001056841,0.00001017647,0.00009631652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6053486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4056716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321688415","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.28.1.6","title":"Some Observations on Carnot Cycle as the Genesis of the Heat Pipe and Thermosyphon","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Carnot cycle; Thermosiphon; Thermodynamics; Heat engine; Thermodynamic cycle; Heat pipe; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Boiling; Physics","authors":[{"name":"K. C. Cheng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006797369781733235,"gpt":0.2460582318817359,"spread":0.2392608621000027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001066883,0.00007205494,0.00008858927,0.00002748963,0.00003922248,0.00002035029,0.0002494352,0.00002138154,0.0001003384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004712634,0.00004472735,0.0000694078,0.00005703625,0.00001242412,0.00007681134,0.00001994978,0.0001483787,0.000002087002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003450761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006942615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007090384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.14417e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993841,0.00002048262,0.0002322638,0.00006594593,0.0002292821,0.00006790714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995006,0.0001398842,0.00008607034,0.0001029837,0.000132031,0.00003839035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003779829,0.0001841382,0.00006294835,0.000004685543,0.0001001456,3.746814e-7,0.0002100696,0.02244462,0.02271955,0.8841334,0.00002636055,0.07007589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001156102,0.000326164,0.02234859,0.0004867578,0.0001492327,0.00005193343,0.0006703835,0.2444011,0.02452307,0.7011853,0.004312057,0.0003893493],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763265,0.00008117278,0.0202052,0.002103664,0.00103047,0.00007612918,0.00001916698,0.00000385967,0.000153867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984221,0.00003642663,0.0008824241,0.0001617377,0.0003991783,0.000005002672,0.000002561041,0.000009916518,0.00008068223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2219565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1823928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283162963","doi":"10.1177/03064190221109508","title":"In-house low-cost water table prototype to practically analyse the modelling compressible flow in a fluid engineering course","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Hydraulic flow and structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic jump; Supersonic speed; Choked flow; Nozzle; Supercritical flow; Compressible flow; Compressibility; Mechanics; Hydraulics; Fluid dynamics; Fluid mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering","authors":[{"name":"Sílvia Armengol","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gustavo Raush","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pedro Javier Gamez-Montero","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00775137527705341,"gpt":0.25109886472529,"spread":0.2433474894482366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005802042,0.0001510658,0.0001991293,0.000392228,0.0000291476,0.00006867479,0.0005021086,0.00004939016,0.0001135602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001115607,0.0001210747,0.00006727371,0.0002907864,0.000003919187,0.0002799241,0.00007454526,0.0006335543,0.000006894277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004244818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001265796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004074747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009473834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985761,0.00003122134,0.0005372182,0.0001310209,0.0004728828,0.0002515551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994751,0.00009181749,0.00004840398,0.0001475336,0.00013344,0.0001037633],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006154707,0.0001045218,0.00001711596,0.00002133812,0.00004933866,0.00002971366,0.0004999728,0.9823143,0.01531916,0.0003923498,0.0003158027,0.000874839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003346909,0.00004045849,0.00008204453,0.0000920384,0.00001237846,0.0001120482,0.00008595496,0.984528,0.00690856,0.0001427716,0.007514122,0.0001469164],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6237882,0.0002262737,0.3667001,0.002378131,0.0061275,0.0006246485,0.000009719385,0.00009753358,0.00004788574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913068,0.0000181323,0.007937664,0.0001565364,0.0003775794,0.0001358129,0.00000525771,0.00004674793,0.00001539972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3675187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4937281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2329678519","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.40.4.4","title":"Linear-Graph Modeling Paradigms for Mechatronic Systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Modeling and Simulation Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechatronics; Computer science; Control engineering; Graph; Domain (mathematical analysis); Bond graph; Systems modeling; Graph theory; System dynamics; Theoretical computer science; Modeling and simulation; Systems engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Software engineering; Simulation; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Clarence W. de Silva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02912686827845568,"gpt":0.2960208536902241,"spread":0.2668939854117684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000991413,0.0001043766,0.0001657324,0.0002658268,0.00002978024,0.0001031543,0.0006287468,0.000073367,0.000002387144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002018622,0.00009542654,0.0001413444,0.0001073147,0.000002167545,0.0006781683,0.00003416934,0.0001403547,0.000004842492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001665419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000163588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000113023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3102e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986541,0.00002712296,0.0005626004,0.0001115365,0.0004551613,0.0001894267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986744,0.000121997,0.0002356076,0.0001611318,0.0006559978,0.0001508955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008878466,0.00009059872,0.00001373638,0.00001892524,0.00006104208,2.574101e-7,0.0001621635,0.7591976,0.0008737046,0.2369137,0.0001138015,0.002545632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002482889,0.00003409294,0.000005015103,0.0001101436,0.000009988308,0.00009920375,0.00003505139,0.993823,0.0002676474,0.00128751,0.003981699,0.00009834509],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01539217,0.0008220664,0.9704843,0.0004008424,0.01272281,0.0001131943,0.000001886429,0.00004127813,0.00002146074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.935091,0.00002141319,0.06283466,0.0000462925,0.001936608,0.0000178157,0.000004419686,0.00001253758,0.00003528133],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9196988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3891381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063367427","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.33.4.3","title":"A Project in the Determination of the Moment of Inertia","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Moment of inertia; Work (physics); Moment (physics); Inertia; Component (thermodynamics); Inertial frame of reference; Computer science; Industrial engineering; Mechanical engineering; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ron P. Podhorodeski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul Sobejko","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007846600813563413,"gpt":0.2511407791775777,"spread":0.2432941783640143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003472604,0.0000620058,0.00009961888,0.0001519669,0.000004981353,0.000009303267,0.0003716247,0.0000383713,0.000006564157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001127541,0.00004001212,0.00007123351,0.0001366546,0.000005820601,0.00009995301,0.00001702341,0.0001436428,3.356641e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001094561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007293611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008172956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000604943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991156,0.00001827405,0.0004296626,0.00003827451,0.0003374899,0.00006072188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995359,0.00006207189,0.0001409992,0.00009434814,0.0001530758,0.00001361798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002256414,0.0003500202,0.00006752918,0.00009275476,0.0000576884,0.000001355464,0.001352597,0.8128325,0.06169452,0.05910038,0.0001997463,0.06422837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004416735,0.00007720346,0.002532966,0.000391231,0.0000284618,0.0001054934,0.0002298123,0.9741889,0.01941029,0.001413055,0.001076906,0.000104006],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3599354,0.0001861356,0.6349863,0.001358297,0.003080439,0.0002347224,0.000004141866,0.00001276914,0.0002017605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683998,0.00003585477,0.03133922,0.0000302166,0.0001711808,0.000005749065,0.000001042992,0.000007923759,0.000008965148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6084644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1631647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011027913","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.29.3.1","title":"Use of an Electronic Classroom in Instruction at Undergraduate Level","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Computer science; Graphics; Computer graphics; Multimedia; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Science and engineering; Computer graphics (images); Engineering; Engineering ethics; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"William L. Cleghorn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01584431438302757,"gpt":0.261489339496161,"spread":0.2456450251131335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001764839,0.0001298628,0.000167014,0.0004250052,0.000008819192,0.00002538554,0.0002354696,0.00008385136,0.00002277878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316646,0.0001457409,0.00006767968,0.0001865499,0.00000752296,0.0005578269,0.00002543465,0.0003286992,0.000003263747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009228415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006668653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002333819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001866318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988843,0.00001783066,0.0004986303,0.0000956385,0.0003278423,0.0001758165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995002,0.00005980336,0.0001132605,0.0001073644,0.0001423021,0.00007702585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004419935,0.0001027081,0.0003073773,0.00001761162,0.00006522073,0.000007659634,0.00008229083,0.7994976,0.1871742,0.003198394,0.00003608276,0.009466671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001268685,0.0002756003,0.009953395,0.0004964489,0.00002792221,0.00120406,0.0001166626,0.8496138,0.1234975,0.001000639,0.01210397,0.0004413781],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9629401,0.0001495078,0.03419993,0.0001101986,0.002455777,0.00005342922,0.00000214557,0.00005206899,0.00003685588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883076,0.0002061076,0.01114379,0.00001119023,0.0002387285,0.000004810663,0.00001130132,0.00003738954,0.00003910497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06367674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.594314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326390883","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.39.2.4","title":"Stagnation Pressure, the Bernoulli Equation, and the Steady-Flow Energy Equation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Inviscid flow; Bernoulli's principle; Stagnation point; Stagnation pressure; Mechanics; Stagnation temperature; Energy–depth relationship in a rectangular channel; Physics; Reynolds number; Potential flow around a circular cylinder; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics; Chézy formula; Open-channel flow; Turbulence; Heat transfer; Mach number","authors":[{"name":"Ali Vakil","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sheldon Green","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01257857028982427,"gpt":0.2077778689107013,"spread":0.195199298620877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005749682,0.0001152333,0.0001174038,0.0001277563,0.00003585611,0.00007108145,0.0003355306,0.00006294694,0.00004483522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002221925,0.00007500802,0.00007135905,0.00009270949,0.0000235003,0.0002521875,0.00002967786,0.0001948726,0.000002950424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007048974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005356633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004140538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003833656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989738,0.00003855147,0.0004084821,0.00008074092,0.0003969521,0.0001014413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991559,0.0001787854,0.0001332312,0.0001212931,0.0003594391,0.0000513963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001027841,0.0001395622,0.00002906795,0.00003020444,0.0004373048,0.00000169706,0.001215944,0.3995298,0.00106259,0.5521115,0.0009006762,0.04443891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005087247,0.00003076746,0.0006086758,0.00005068634,0.00005669002,0.00004017994,0.00003846213,0.9858654,0.0005079971,0.007265224,0.004938938,0.00008825611],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02454248,0.00247955,0.9622013,0.001721958,0.007944088,0.0002031949,0.00001010176,0.00007404638,0.0008233024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995008,0.0005364175,0.003633427,0.0001091098,0.0005429036,0.00001669512,0.00001162311,0.00002251645,0.0001193358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9704655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3058738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293661083","doi":"10.1177/03064190221123536","title":"Studying transient heat transfer in a cylindrical pin fin with radiation and convection","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"","keywords":"Fin; Thermal conduction; Convection; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Convective heat transfer; Thermal radiation; Radiative transfer; Thermodynamics; Radiation; Transient (computer programming); Materials science; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermal; Simple (philosophy); Optics; Physics; Computer science; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Massimiliano Zanoletti","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Godard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007354818788893647,"gpt":0.2200029227807682,"spread":0.2126481039918745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002640428,0.0000966333,0.0001322696,0.0003390243,0.00002584085,0.00002774235,0.0001060099,0.00003629162,0.00003826086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001965998,0.00009814341,0.00003586989,0.000192354,0.000004900775,0.0001971712,0.000006031442,0.0003181549,3.503122e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003296422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008325855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001428251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006069848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991219,0.00003165066,0.0003365866,0.00008155574,0.0003249219,0.0001033939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997565,0.00004903533,0.000009102529,0.00004237866,0.00007801494,0.00006503613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009754518,0.0001669653,0.0001500644,0.00002689992,0.00006056,0.000008686877,0.001263009,0.9754775,0.01091395,0.0008849278,0.00003241569,0.01091753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003550687,0.000652168,0.009440986,0.0002137909,0.00006712862,0.0007736948,0.001112429,0.9696864,0.009893301,0.00009250692,0.004100448,0.0004164149],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6390989,0.0002570215,0.3586472,0.0004691345,0.001331998,0.000125401,0.000003836445,0.00003177851,0.0000347356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984733,0.0001477308,0.001127298,0.00005108435,0.0001368277,0.00002904695,0.0000111846,0.00002060147,0.000002859409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3593745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4002172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736919943","doi":"10.1177/0306419017720427","title":"Quantification of irreversibilities in practical cyclic processes using exergy analysis and Gouy-Stodola theorem","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Second law of thermodynamics; Thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Process engineering; Refrigeration; Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajinder Pal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02023783943642453,"gpt":0.3120330566550645,"spread":0.2917952172186399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002968255,0.00009111558,0.0002139102,0.0003555628,0.00001964602,0.00004518037,0.0002048001,0.00005899786,0.000006787728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007452031,0.00008754626,0.00005785362,0.0001186296,0.00001975373,0.0004376562,0.00002149033,0.0001226009,2.738894e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001160991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007514747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005430961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001915139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992079,0.00001252711,0.0004135088,0.00008503166,0.0001989305,0.0000821463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999183,0.0001265857,0.0002405891,0.0001425858,0.000263617,0.00004363398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086377,0.0002404733,0.00362144,0.0005610077,0.001000732,0.00001087595,0.0008017559,0.7931842,0.1526408,0.03599146,0.00001478017,0.01184613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005905395,0.00004772186,0.03116783,0.0008600989,0.0002492404,0.000182862,0.0007511562,0.9396853,0.02119692,0.004677895,0.0002722639,0.0003181239],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7013534,0.0002762213,0.2971309,0.00008452146,0.001053503,0.00004174577,0.000003444666,0.00001240477,0.00004390116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895493,0.0001807758,0.01008941,0.000002487689,0.0001505736,0.000002612655,0.000002700922,0.00001326644,0.000008819286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.288196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3570033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004434656","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.31.1.6","title":"Visual Aid Depicting Mechanical Vibration Systems to Enhance Student Learning","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Animation; Vibration; Computer science; Displacement (psychology); Mechanical system; Set (abstract data type); MATLAB; Trajectory; Boundary (topology); Function (biology); Boundary value problem; Control theory (sociology); Control engineering; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Control (management); Engineering; Computer graphics (images); Acoustics; Mathematics; Programming language; Physics; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Mina Hoorfar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Homayoun Najjaran","is_ca":true},{"name":"William L. Cleghorn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005112620933231682,"gpt":0.2960637494759382,"spread":0.2909511285427065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006201026,0.0002290338,0.0002601588,0.0003750237,0.00003978655,0.0001517899,0.0003636065,0.0001183316,0.00003897712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007748525,0.0002532979,0.0001092155,0.0002296793,0.000004559206,0.0003546628,0.00003955784,0.0005993341,0.00003404436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006288513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007991338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004333856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.762384e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998079,0.00005910361,0.0007268631,0.0001849826,0.0006862563,0.0002637721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990568,0.0001477166,0.0001473083,0.0001138811,0.0003063654,0.0002279463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009464645,0.00008389641,0.00005105005,0.00002802382,0.0001034532,0.000006969066,0.0002130314,0.7523924,0.2393053,0.00575068,0.00007354825,0.001982227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007919475,0.0005846014,0.000475918,0.00109611,0.00007036216,0.0007132819,0.001707696,0.4719505,0.4773607,0.0001151832,0.0441395,0.0009941467],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4178906,0.0004428398,0.5697111,0.00007729621,0.01121233,0.0001599004,7.301934e-7,0.0002130944,0.0002920167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793595,0.00004384671,0.01960741,0.00003801917,0.0007846841,0.00002991879,0.0000049039,0.0000729342,0.00005878786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5614688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376113903","doi":"10.1177/03064190231174438","title":"On the origin of the ground effect","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ground effect (cars); Airfoil; Common ground; Curvature; Lift (data mining); Simple (philosophy); Solver; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Vortex; Computer science; Mechanics; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Psychology; Social psychology; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Lisa Long","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jaime G. Wong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01023446193287784,"gpt":0.2792313701126509,"spread":0.2689969081797731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005472586,0.00007118861,0.00008780196,0.0001404616,0.00001802858,0.00002706716,0.000517328,0.00003989983,0.00002000172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004136483,0.00004162735,0.0001033235,0.0002456365,0.00001257354,0.00005137758,0.00003788678,0.0002833112,0.00001221618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001371223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005746475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004689368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001556106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991334,0.00002413941,0.00023192,0.0000466559,0.0004695069,0.00009436141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992619,0.0003691085,0.00005427946,0.0001238333,0.0001571458,0.0000337479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003659469,0.0000749043,0.00007937433,0.00006538988,0.0002732729,0.000004892212,0.0001331612,0.5564169,0.1376626,0.29081,0.004002894,0.0104399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002493792,0.00009511097,0.006789227,0.0002534714,0.0000152514,0.00003596538,0.00003243258,0.979844,0.006399084,0.004667526,0.001518487,0.0001000041],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886896,0.00003560784,0.005216652,0.001176717,0.004593181,0.00008258232,0.000004474736,0.00002685788,0.0001743018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995045,0.00005540603,0.00009391131,0.00002371786,0.0002202855,0.000006178045,0.000002244049,0.00001641514,0.00007734625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4234271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1697514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095383976","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.34.3.5","title":"Use of Frequency-Domain Concepts in the Analysis and Design of Mechanical Vibrating Systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanical impedance; Transmissibility (structural dynamics); Mechanical system; Mechanical vibration; Vibration; Frequency domain; Mechanical design; Domain (mathematical analysis); Computer science; Frequency analysis; Mechanical engineering; Acoustics; Vibration isolation; Structural engineering; Electrical impedance; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"C. W. de Silva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01403395036697414,"gpt":0.2552586487980052,"spread":0.2412246984310311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004709988,0.000117796,0.000294891,0.0005416872,0.00000923928,0.00004458935,0.0002344967,0.00007452714,0.00001038704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001874161,0.00009507147,0.0001199441,0.0005088773,0.00001579865,0.0002249241,0.0000118219,0.0001788464,1.925752e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008027954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004230219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001827884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008971963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998611,0.00006004673,0.0007638449,0.00008399304,0.0003845085,0.00009654628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990454,0.0003694772,0.0002131591,0.0001088499,0.0002264983,0.00003657697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007653385,0.0000300527,0.0001147385,0.00003198213,0.0002701491,0.000002355141,0.0001095507,0.9084722,0.07254265,0.01772566,0.00002706007,0.0006659226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002655819,0.00004635332,0.004613619,0.0001660213,0.0001900164,0.00006178772,0.0003172258,0.9809923,0.0120775,0.001091476,0.00003879249,0.0001393677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2638522,0.0002687094,0.7351881,0.00006696893,0.0005292391,0.0000662272,0.000005394328,0.00001387458,0.000009303207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.962334,0.00004240225,0.03745726,0.000008192978,0.0001304772,0.000005412885,0.00000816679,0.00001157595,0.000002464265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6984819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3876902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200340158","doi":"10.1177/03064190211058379","title":"Unordinary: An evaluation of lecture-free activities using a repertory grid","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"University of Prince Edward Island","keywords":"Repertory grid; Formative assessment; Summative assessment; Construct (python library); Experiential learning; Personal construct theory; Mathematics education; Psychology; Ranking (information retrieval); Preference; Grid; Descriptive statistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Libby Osgood","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03742078437870527,"gpt":0.3645833776684249,"spread":0.3271625932897196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005892091,0.00008067993,0.0001397991,0.0001626937,0.00001739777,0.00002762242,0.000238458,0.0000668733,0.0004943961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008223243,0.00007731737,0.0000928943,0.000092214,0.00001150475,0.0001791415,0.00003044481,0.0001911886,0.000001221476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001462479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004654625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004705775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004891351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987676,0.0001583549,0.0003078358,0.0001181293,0.000564456,0.00008362228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980648,0.0001128226,0.0002677591,0.0001353346,0.001369595,0.00004972603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005856476,0.002827566,0.002370302,0.00008597052,0.001990514,0.00007104254,0.006910428,0.02663287,0.4384274,0.05386464,0.0009095454,0.465324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0140919,0.003676163,0.2189671,0.004636576,0.002849216,0.008109727,0.03809815,0.2151029,0.4185732,0.06144017,0.01204834,0.002406594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9759553,0.0005845327,0.01671319,0.0003070982,0.006118583,0.00004096949,0.000006133531,0.000008972253,0.0002652331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962875,0.00001384731,0.002499821,0.00005034327,0.001074288,0.000003788924,0.000013336,0.00001184435,0.00004519918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4629174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5413291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4327969682","doi":"10.1177/03064190231163487","title":"Active learning approach to enhance rotor dynamics understanding: A classroom demonstration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Presentation (obstetrics); Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Rotor (electric); Dynamics (music); Work (physics); Mathematics education; Engineering; Test (biology); Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Pedagogy; Psychology; Medicine; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Lorenzo Bernardini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Egidio Di Gialleonardo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01350064385660531,"gpt":0.2788442531045714,"spread":0.2653436092479661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002850016,0.00016983,0.000175285,0.0005578056,0.00003270744,0.00007776068,0.0003377317,0.0001012605,0.00001048872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003209737,0.0001923528,0.00009190204,0.0004206825,0.0000069435,0.0003054518,0.00004066024,0.0005048831,0.00003121113],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00143363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007248267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002700141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.819743e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987426,0.00001909701,0.0004080454,0.00014467,0.0004693307,0.0002162748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994012,0.00009984492,0.00009366251,0.00009216187,0.000158701,0.0001544152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001921681,0.00005091995,0.00001996026,0.00003135408,0.0001065445,0.000003580993,0.0003596348,0.9334268,0.05086541,0.008808892,0.0003571653,0.005950544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001738395,0.00008451416,0.000249597,0.0002131715,0.00001513598,0.00007960832,0.001052952,0.975555,0.01996584,0.000321824,0.002038229,0.0002502655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1319936,0.00004568246,0.8616419,0.000245265,0.004289145,0.0001614223,0.000003850105,0.0004034714,0.00121563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801965,0.00003756083,0.01899574,0.00001887449,0.0005309675,0.00003143493,0.00003368534,0.00005964507,0.00009558802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8482029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7843918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080247836","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.37.3.3","title":"A Perpetual-Motion Machine Problem for Teaching Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Buoyancy; Fluid mechanics; Work (physics); Hydrostatic equilibrium; Mechanics; Motion (physics); Statics; Calculus (dental); Mathematical proof; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Physics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"David Naylor","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003742510083032021,"gpt":0.2528298958947723,"spread":0.2490873858117403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001914358,0.00009450987,0.0001203003,0.00005962429,0.00004007922,0.000035683,0.0001280746,0.00002199471,0.00001166498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003105357,0.00008145277,0.00008110663,0.00002389644,0.000005588558,0.0001210125,0.00002212472,0.0001433918,6.363622e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005074541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000279902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005480327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.703758e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994263,0.00001157136,0.0002325277,0.00008733027,0.0001536976,0.00008857044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995832,0.00005694496,0.0001115932,0.00004405608,0.0001487638,0.00005544762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027154,0.0002203315,0.00000521512,0.000004825507,0.0000650848,1.542497e-7,0.0002106063,0.0004296283,0.02054592,0.9496291,0.00002693114,0.02883505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004677566,0.0002132276,0.00003368227,0.0001024438,0.00003319174,0.00001195605,0.0003204638,0.1038351,0.003174732,0.891307,0.0003731304,0.0001273805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03541717,0.0001525609,0.9593666,0.001639664,0.0009770115,0.0001529803,0.00001409992,0.00001649548,0.002263431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844556,0.000007233109,0.01479576,0.00006931791,0.0006198393,0.000006952718,0.00001495098,0.00000939254,0.00002097582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9490384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3321548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332611436","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.37.3.8","title":"An Easily Understandable Introduction of Surface Tension to Engineering Students","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Surface tension; Surface (topology); Tension (geology); Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics education; Engineering drawing; Mathematics; Engineering; Materials science; Composite material; Physics; Geometry; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Junfeng Zhang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00981560251610323,"gpt":0.2742091446691641,"spread":0.2643935421530609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003603529,0.00008910961,0.0001350873,0.0002254402,0.00001908291,0.00005932183,0.0003350756,0.00004194328,0.0001943616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002840763,0.00008568174,0.00005433042,0.0002031083,0.00000496143,0.0005419425,0.000006021864,0.0001425364,0.00001952287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006516463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007832365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004832553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006027431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987549,0.00002125329,0.0004232357,0.0001172577,0.0005714445,0.0001119429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989952,0.00005839837,0.0001690825,0.0001117113,0.0005104752,0.0001550659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011268,0.0002067623,0.002135305,0.000004905206,0.00003911926,0.00000237872,0.000174209,0.7483179,0.2369852,0.0005730084,0.0005677928,0.01088073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001493654,0.003318505,0.4248092,0.0005259367,0.000113367,0.0005029257,0.001277622,0.3648805,0.1893587,0.001302366,0.01171115,0.00070611],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9645226,0.00004054695,0.03052576,0.002028676,0.002765055,0.00007262164,0.000005636664,0.00002306627,0.00001603844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818445,0.00001062598,0.01751204,0.000108345,0.0004843489,1.551421e-7,0.00001226232,0.000004648912,0.00002300605],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4226739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991020622","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.35.2.6","title":"Software Demonstration of Disc Cam Mechanisms for Mechanical Engineering Education","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Software; Computer science; Engineering drawing; Software engineering; Engineering; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Mina Hoorfar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Homayoun Najjaran","is_ca":true},{"name":"William L. Cleghorn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.012107289920017,"gpt":0.2927030204717329,"spread":0.2805957305517158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00121816,0.0002838923,0.0003854393,0.0007699819,0.00003607358,0.00006863544,0.0006212952,0.0002637861,0.00004456081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001262195,0.0002950729,0.0002752664,0.0003651872,0.00001292876,0.0004216025,0.0000451563,0.0004738506,0.000005146534],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000400514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004186997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008104918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003699364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974074,0.0000180376,0.001202468,0.0002201026,0.0007830806,0.0003688733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976891,0.0004569859,0.000235534,0.0002469434,0.001068105,0.0003033327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000166092,0.0007067418,0.00001184955,0.0006734291,0.0004549328,0.000004639481,0.0001389519,0.1300711,0.5119643,0.2555772,0.001058084,0.09917268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001401286,0.0005772436,0.0003547189,0.001243319,0.0001579735,0.0003188803,0.0002819004,0.4502648,0.5304953,0.007683438,0.006391358,0.0008297999],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02542706,0.0002801064,0.9667294,0.0001926683,0.006815741,0.0003207854,0.00002085907,0.00015426,0.00005910337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7877197,0.00007193683,0.2110148,0.0000304391,0.0009400251,0.00004520996,0.00005176695,0.00007750804,0.00004858078],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7622927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327620930","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.37.2.1","title":"Two Case Studies for the Effect of Beam Offset in Finite Element Calculations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Offset (computer science); Finite element method; Beam (structure); Structural engineering; Engineering; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Nader G. Zamani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nima Gharib","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. N. Kaloni","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01061407910134208,"gpt":0.316015583347207,"spread":0.3054015042458649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003625356,0.00009972199,0.0001940013,0.0002517897,0.00001722479,0.0000168454,0.0001849197,0.0000311644,0.000006510671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000692909,0.00007311831,0.000131084,0.0001529294,0.000006448325,0.00009619717,0.00001121039,0.0001521631,5.188257e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002013043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002436582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001508606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000758876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991434,0.00001477758,0.0004620118,0.0000640491,0.0002221137,0.00009370602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998851,0.0006766904,0.0001106953,0.00009057089,0.0002371599,0.00003390381],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002928392,0.0000214112,0.00006204919,0.00003173952,0.0003274322,0.00001287348,0.0001440572,0.9627164,0.02206868,0.00121626,0.0001245816,0.01324521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00145641,0.0003651452,0.001828955,0.0003577007,0.0002730278,0.0006902138,0.000237561,0.8504738,0.1427485,0.0009074659,0.0004518921,0.0002092856],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9531052,0.001065103,0.04239844,0.0006351802,0.002549137,0.0001987724,0.000009994083,0.00002657349,0.00001156749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966994,0.00005897326,0.002877494,0.00001762749,0.0003127213,0.00001299315,0.00000486947,0.000009285654,0.000006614126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1206798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2981678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2781643526","doi":"10.1177/0306419017749801","title":"Comparison of entropic and exergetic methods of quantification of loss of power due to irreversibilities in real processes using the Gouy–Stodola theorem","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy production; Chemistry; Statistical physics; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rajinder Pal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0285513507717768,"gpt":0.3675676007261712,"spread":0.3390162499543944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004686587,0.00007659703,0.0002349354,0.0002852821,0.000007301603,0.000007819365,0.0002044777,0.00005051925,0.00001772546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000760682,0.00006311489,0.000037483,0.0002435011,0.00004240126,0.0001604225,0.00001834818,0.00009109435,1.085146e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006760427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001156413,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002264659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006171299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989054,0.00003920444,0.0007031308,0.00006547182,0.0002278213,0.00005899178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983868,0.0001870029,0.0003242865,0.00008654288,0.0009872635,0.00002813276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002055289,0.0004124467,0.00223863,0.0007944845,0.0001578096,2.871533e-7,0.009048898,0.3118611,0.6294091,0.03884447,0.00004711637,0.006980135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002640003,0.0001916924,0.004182747,0.0007734862,0.00003494943,0.00001768992,0.001863141,0.2337766,0.75753,0.001221997,0.0000500886,0.00009368801],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5859477,0.000208658,0.4131583,0.00005731064,0.0005221117,0.00006505665,0.000003256516,0.000004300398,0.00003335724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9608175,0.00008098653,0.03903137,0.000004094485,0.00004931871,0.000002073422,0.000002190666,0.000009201424,0.000003252743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3748698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2573751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387160966","doi":"10.1177/03064190231203692","title":"Pattern recognition as a learning strategy in the study of engineering dynamics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Memorization; Dynamics (music); Cronbach's alpha; Sample (material); Value (mathematics); Cognition; Computer science; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning; Pedagogy; Developmental psychology","authors":[{"name":"Simon Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kashif Raza","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmad Ghasemloonia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Catherine Siew Kheng Chua","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05043260281856538,"gpt":0.3822287196285995,"spread":0.3317961168100341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001916271,0.00005676781,0.00008894062,0.0004071432,0.00004226639,0.00006271018,0.0004347541,0.00004380587,0.00006037344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001678032,0.00005004244,0.00004219168,0.0005090464,0.00001055629,0.0002089433,0.00001582,0.0002943923,0.000012725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001612608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003395251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007853882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002709877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987233,0.0001268774,0.0003425781,0.00007777303,0.000613665,0.0001158584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990483,0.0003627279,0.0001718946,0.0000544992,0.000314441,0.00004813386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006791529,0.002705181,0.01120906,0.00005240584,0.0001635617,0.00004806162,0.1455425,0.229075,0.002116282,0.02834463,0.0006541506,0.5800212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001661283,0.001141513,0.09996327,0.0006287969,0.00006377682,0.0001258291,0.6751772,0.2096384,0.0003285776,0.004380046,0.006371013,0.0005202987],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936516,0.0000120572,0.001820951,0.001825227,0.002303326,0.0001112203,7.709727e-7,0.00001839259,0.0002565024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993224,0.00004577759,0.00006990404,0.00003998732,0.0004480249,0.00001033796,0.000006088694,0.000006057759,0.00005144645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5795009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2040672,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402995373","doi":"10.1177/03064190241286667","title":"A new twist on torsion: A connection between vector calculus and mechanics of materials","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Elasticity and Material Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Torsion (gastropod); Twist; Calculus (dental); Connection (principal bundle); Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Pure mathematics; Geometry; Physics; Orthodontics; Anatomy; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Alvaro A. Espinosa Maldonado","is_ca":true},{"name":"Allan T. Dolovich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01079566910992457,"gpt":0.2512042020592107,"spread":0.2404085329492862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001911273,0.00009841162,0.0001633937,0.000208767,0.000008093859,0.00006442914,0.0001141839,0.00007797247,0.00004429211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001215289,0.00009362514,0.00004604659,0.00006789339,0.000002792217,0.0001522307,0.0000176282,0.0001344389,0.000004215397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001202205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007849732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002006618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.195774e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992367,0.0000101957,0.0003719608,0.00007946492,0.0002238244,0.00007785487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996166,0.00008895134,0.00005436087,0.00004855384,0.0001092318,0.00008231058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006368294,0.00004118516,0.000001432153,0.0003344373,0.0002855091,0.00000884506,0.0002585914,0.03868787,0.8264011,0.1195902,0.0005986854,0.01372844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004992018,0.0003837927,0.0001359151,0.00268274,0.0001374217,0.0002078011,0.00006578156,0.1136635,0.8734114,0.004609418,0.003901098,0.0003019123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5629013,0.0002947402,0.4252041,0.0002796182,0.01115673,0.00005933336,0.00001481963,0.00007044431,0.00001885791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994906,0.00008699379,0.003525822,0.00001169685,0.001427155,0.00000205588,0.000006210023,0.00002189142,0.00001217011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4320047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3817922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361276866","doi":"10.1177/03064190231164715","title":"Observed practices of design engineers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Connotation; Thematic analysis; Best practice; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Documentation; Computer science; Management science; Qualitative research; Management; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Libby Osgood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clifton R. Johnston","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06706053050672287,"gpt":0.3263393305212744,"spread":0.2592788000145515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008106299,0.0001062504,0.0001519122,0.0004473355,0.000009677691,0.00003789183,0.0003703455,0.00007028276,0.00008010006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00186323,0.0001091622,0.00008326385,0.0003670561,0.000006183318,0.0004632717,0.00001516722,0.000229492,0.00003705229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001079145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002020176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003890792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.221225e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998887,0.00003634344,0.0004784412,0.00007252586,0.0004058629,0.0001198278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984111,0.0005688429,0.0003594217,0.0001095588,0.0004568031,0.00009426339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009368638,0.0002754608,0.00004714476,0.0001691222,0.0005640644,0.00001619934,0.0008835821,0.7491572,0.1847418,0.009949906,0.02434513,0.02975674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001474546,0.0003295572,0.005536985,0.0007684551,0.0002252049,0.0005176222,0.001764977,0.7116133,0.1724165,0.002777336,0.1018136,0.0007618707],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2961081,0.001023187,0.6589023,0.003906934,0.0381935,0.0003434971,0.00001190917,0.0005545333,0.0009560314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801803,0.0003757259,0.0186974,0.00004010854,0.0005554076,0.000008969075,0.00000911396,0.00003113212,0.000101898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6840722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4451506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2320976025","doi":"10.7227/ijmee.36.4.1","title":"Integrated Coal and Steel Production in Nova Scotia","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Materials Engineering and Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nova scotia; Nova (rocket); Coal; Production (economics); Environmental science; Engineering; Geography; Waste management; Archaeology; Economics; Aeronautics","authors":[{"name":"J.C. Jones","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01258976552406116,"gpt":0.2401335644016482,"spread":0.227543798877587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002121775,0.0001076545,0.0001446635,0.0004038028,0.000008905669,0.00002839942,0.0001310272,0.00006394103,0.00002248933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001899,0.0001072135,0.00002709358,0.0001454111,0.000009257312,0.0002459654,0.00001206323,0.0002168386,0.000003674963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001294333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007686915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001922907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005190187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992493,0.000009590684,0.0003591987,0.00008234193,0.0001960351,0.0001034899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996444,0.00002761851,0.0000556379,0.00005440096,0.0001574611,0.00006050034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001038531,0.0002596393,0.001254221,0.0003418025,0.00017629,0.00006504967,0.001044176,0.5518658,0.4087217,0.00142763,0.0016589,0.03308101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003318018,0.0003716198,0.05415442,0.004755286,0.0000902971,0.01081101,0.0005527766,0.4749134,0.4286111,0.001089255,0.01957695,0.001755866],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776567,0.0004579346,0.01477311,0.000163593,0.006768582,0.00004706197,0.000001590103,0.00006037065,0.00007110141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926745,0.0001587648,0.006593002,0.00001333855,0.0005071354,0.000001775475,0.000004592448,0.00002104461,0.00002588343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0769523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4372038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}