{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ae408d1a81f0","filters":{"venue":"International Journal of Rural Management"}},"results":[{"id":"W2317638116","doi":"10.1177/0973005215599280","title":"Market Separations for BOP Producers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Business; Domestic market; Industrial organization; Bottom of the pyramid; Market segmentation; Separation (statistics); Factor market; Market development; Market microstructure; Market share; Marketing; Market economy; Economics; Order (exchange); International trade; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Ramendra Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sharad Agarwal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pratik Modi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02818542724537551,"gpt":0.2806975267610957,"spread":0.2525120995157202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001308558,0.0001972749,0.0002002401,0.0008249934,0.0109753,0.003375692,0.001247988,0.001463861,0.009746523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004933276,0.0002540333,0.0001841916,0.00109472,0.004132977,0.003644695,0.00454647,0.001666029,0.0005180434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004991661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004423147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01058565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02646803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998319,0.0005041382,0.00004687449,0.0002135329,0.0003868363,0.0005296472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99738,0.0008677517,0.0006961329,0.0001562634,0.000375456,0.0005244024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004483907,0.000598808,0.1222725,0.0006233004,0.00003316185,0.02120661,0.4377816,0.002129964,0.01639003,0.2517296,0.01181829,0.1349676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003145158,0.0003586781,0.1083567,0.0002172504,0.00002306847,0.003258672,0.6113649,0.00309173,0.004817296,0.04040178,0.2279964,0.00008210462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9399183,0.000216363,0.004225479,0.002763849,0.00002866134,0.00009379428,0.00004733648,0.00002566248,0.05268058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908639,0.0001030425,0.001829656,0.0001216563,0.00001055459,0.00003400605,0.00003677998,0.000008785169,0.006991625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0109753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03621721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171067841","doi":"10.1177/0973005214526504","title":"Abattoirs, Meat Processing and Managerial Challenges","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Regional Development and Management Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Meat packing industry; Overhead (engineering); Food processing; Agricultural economics; Marketing; Economic growth; Engineering; Economics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Sylvain Charlebois","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amit Summan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0268004882522013,"gpt":0.2253270847264342,"spread":0.1985265964742329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005517316,0.0002033963,0.000274281,0.0007361756,0.007051101,0.004945521,0.001668792,0.001605653,0.008575997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008428829,0.0003271998,0.0002332183,0.001628933,0.003241633,0.002295404,0.001700056,0.001421729,0.0007230196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02668985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03490958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5138124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.737076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940457,0.001453149,0.0002131909,0.0004609811,0.001537884,0.002289047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9885778,0.002644439,0.002473215,0.0002482394,0.00263336,0.003422858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004009971,0.0007922362,0.6392429,0.001436274,0.00008391428,0.006723157,0.06889811,0.002234685,0.003206566,0.03987458,0.06645037,0.1706562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001530569,0.0002449611,0.6113082,0.0009945625,0.00001836481,0.0008901561,0.2255113,0.0008651838,0.0002744797,0.006349766,0.1534434,0.00008444204],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8627833,0.00574343,0.001482397,0.07567324,0.0003345708,0.0001558689,0.0005756607,0.000031782,0.05321973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794236,0.002341068,0.0009990205,0.004203747,0.000101702,0.00004061872,0.0001405072,0.00001217339,0.01273759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5138124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9781018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391574501","doi":"10.1177/09730052231221332","title":"Between ‘the Technical’ and ‘the Social’? The Case of Farm Ponds for Supplemental Irrigation in Burkina Faso and Mali","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Irrigation; Geography; Water resource management; Economic growth; Socioeconomics; Agricultural economics; Business; Political science; Agroforestry; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Economics; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"María José Guillén Araya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javiera Araya-Moreno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yacouba M. Coulibaly","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Barthélémy Savadogo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01053765030957637,"gpt":0.3250725264706461,"spread":0.3145348761610697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002585424,0.0004767578,0.0003804869,0.00113928,0.0157738,0.007390771,0.001088514,0.004666546,0.005165246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003789131,0.0003199095,0.0002793989,0.001822769,0.01160865,0.005197735,0.005694689,0.002132449,0.00026556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01034329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004796159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06115022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1145743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961965,0.002460504,0.00005105937,0.0001557305,0.0001492296,0.0009869415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975006,0.001503314,0.0003429112,0.0000771979,0.000193522,0.0003825345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235433,0.0003040401,0.03451782,0.0003463061,0.0000383453,0.04856348,0.5444616,0.002957624,0.002648139,0.3445324,0.002515811,0.0189909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001569154,0.00006703666,0.01225504,0.0004549642,0.00001927357,0.001674472,0.9211735,0.001494541,0.000416799,0.017773,0.04462037,0.00003540776],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9129748,0.00171729,0.003884193,0.02151752,0.00004523045,0.00009690448,0.00005079192,0.00001007024,0.05970325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969321,0.0003355193,0.000569,0.0003235674,0.000008329459,0.00002712894,0.000006584502,0.000002652336,0.001795107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9842262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1215886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124243917","doi":"10.1177/09730052241274413","title":"Brand Adoption by BoP Retailers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"Piyush Kumar Sinha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saurabh Rawal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aakriti Sinha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01194398437508883,"gpt":0.2544193658914246,"spread":0.2424753815163358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000573396,0.0001084469,0.0001187877,0.0005599001,0.0006276051,0.001210512,0.0001736579,0.0003017561,0.002472803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003465709,0.0001442981,0.000191389,0.0005511616,0.0003202757,0.0008230916,0.0006141098,0.0006262517,0.0002836256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005328069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003068372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007444591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01225964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995322,0.000104668,0.00002066376,0.00007277133,0.0001757304,0.00009398245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983511,0.0005257532,0.0004192349,0.0001214473,0.0003953228,0.0001871087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002487354,0.000350469,0.9247252,0.00006452039,0.00004154989,0.0005943596,0.01899107,0.000169812,0.00707441,0.0007970781,0.0004322102,0.04651047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005353454,0.0004463293,0.9660728,0.00002665135,0.00003086499,0.0005134412,0.02704539,0.0006003847,0.001294046,0.00021818,0.003719712,0.00002685784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983399,0.00003291886,0.00004278644,0.00005244825,0.000001809407,0.000006542811,0.00001592384,0.000001598008,0.00150613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990096,0.00007111879,0.00007112727,0.0000257473,0.000002221018,0.000001986174,0.00002334738,0.00000124409,0.0007934612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007444591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01480252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558123512","doi":"10.1177/0973005216660899","title":"Book Review: Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Political science; Economic history; History; Law","authors":[{"name":"Christopher L. Atkinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00667361823752404,"gpt":0.2077198820514583,"spread":0.2010462638139342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000988904,0.001157729,0.001094833,0.004651733,0.00336639,0.005638678,0.00180278,0.004856281,0.02242929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00447578,0.0005137549,0.0004809554,0.01255326,0.002230006,0.001946155,0.001034988,0.003173271,0.003981158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04001128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05967533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8936977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9693104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988309,0.00008207245,0.0000449647,0.00009540875,0.0007452971,0.0002014404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994152,0.000822453,0.0002115433,0.00008755647,0.004210253,0.0005161383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005689483,0.000003157561,0.00008039697,0.0001599689,0.000004377981,0.00001936856,0.00003401302,0.00005938508,0.00001474897,0.000815212,0.9909108,0.007892818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006004253,0.000004518257,0.0008923871,0.0004317521,0.00001155881,0.00003180806,0.0001855384,0.00002575819,0.00002587106,0.0003186923,0.9980547,0.00001145642],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009558413,0.6555274,0.000125957,0.1689253,0.1086164,0.00005485379,0.001321291,0.00006445868,0.06440857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01280785,0.5664178,0.0002577094,0.04689661,0.04922939,0.00006122158,0.001059304,0.0001112446,0.3231588],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1063023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2903035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}