{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ae408d1a81f0","filters":{"venue":"International Journal of Rural Management"}},"results":[{"id":"W2317638116","doi":"10.1177/0973005215599280","title":"Market Separations for BOP Producers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Business; Domestic market; Industrial organization; Bottom of the pyramid; Market segmentation; Separation (statistics); Factor market; Market development; Market microstructure; Market share; Marketing; Market economy; Economics; Order (exchange); International trade; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Ramendra Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sharad Agarwal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pratik Modi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02818542724537551,"gpt":0.2806975267610957,"spread":0.2525120995157202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007058273,0.00008871309,0.0001115249,0.000356659,0.00004731468,0.0002415026,0.0003522944,0.00002059085,0.000218446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006882833,0.0000799905,0.00008233581,0.0001006218,0.00001885582,0.0008230477,0.00009201565,0.00005420826,0.00009917159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000199589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004034653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006744553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002540626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990354,0.000004227863,0.0004318631,0.00007052872,0.0003413264,0.000116666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984946,0.00001327526,0.0004135599,0.0000689256,0.0009947224,0.00001496516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002225818,0.00009118527,0.002334208,0.00002649021,0.0003836834,0.0000147735,0.0001437848,0.0003557928,0.00001397731,0.1494903,0.8235106,0.02341258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001528234,0.00001359844,0.004066267,0.00003478705,0.00003294808,0.000008091423,0.001954455,0.000794825,0.00001446914,0.01290726,0.9785228,0.0001222965],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2557688,0.0001174497,0.0300406,0.0814875,0.0373452,0.00144517,0.00001281827,0.0001208167,0.5936617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9655149,0.00001788002,0.005537105,0.00768586,0.003633054,0.00003413629,0.00003889213,0.00002018639,0.01751797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7097461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3261918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171067841","doi":"10.1177/0973005214526504","title":"Abattoirs, Meat Processing and Managerial Challenges","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Regional Development and Management Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Meat packing industry; Overhead (engineering); Food processing; Agricultural economics; Marketing; Economic growth; Engineering; Economics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Sylvain Charlebois","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amit Summan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0268004882522013,"gpt":0.2253270847264342,"spread":0.1985265964742329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004188061,0.0001074784,0.0002137229,0.0003425159,0.00005497162,0.0001040189,0.000299749,0.00002111827,0.00004321004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002285626,0.0001021972,0.00006695269,0.0000468565,0.00003990465,0.0003261548,0.000190102,0.00005891107,0.00004126346],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004600695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002156332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004401868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002359752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991584,0.000009038156,0.0004621589,0.0001141953,0.0001320839,0.0001241062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999391,0.00001738101,0.0004161319,0.00006440772,0.00007213514,0.00003899862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005630867,0.00005066485,0.003731058,0.00006658775,0.0005108707,0.00002366739,0.0003196028,0.00002856049,0.000002796168,0.8370143,0.005367123,0.1528285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001696,0.00009226116,0.1305828,0.0001940594,0.00002826045,0.0000291107,0.001459389,0.0002840156,0.00000951019,0.1401132,0.7252376,0.0002737499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1346744,0.02838567,0.04216935,0.08852563,0.01253158,0.0005794247,0.00001170174,0.00008954382,0.6930327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819177,0.01287514,0.001966306,0.0002981425,0.0004062025,0.000004313243,0.00000231158,0.00001065519,0.002519191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8472433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4167481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391574501","doi":"10.1177/09730052231221332","title":"Between ‘the Technical’ and ‘the Social’? The Case of Farm Ponds for Supplemental Irrigation in Burkina Faso and Mali","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Irrigation; Geography; Water resource management; Economic growth; Socioeconomics; Agricultural economics; Business; Political science; Agroforestry; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Economics; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"María José Guillén Araya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javiera Araya-Moreno","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yacouba M. Coulibaly","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Barthélémy Savadogo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01053765030957637,"gpt":0.3250725264706461,"spread":0.3145348761610697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001011084,0.0000541046,0.00008884084,0.00006103583,0.000157626,0.0001494299,0.0002696691,0.00002435771,0.00002525307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002513081,0.00002688214,0.00006319714,0.000086652,0.0002998427,0.0001548338,0.00009012281,0.0001111832,2.554391e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008464394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001689463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005911416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005671341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992442,0.00006397547,0.0002675269,0.00005141795,0.0002848308,0.0000880935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995631,0.0001665153,0.0001526423,0.00003529259,0.00006782556,0.00001461817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001679955,0.00001823058,0.004383549,0.00004417981,0.0003907437,0.0001352242,0.01639943,0.00001301926,0.0001057792,0.8190234,0.009101207,0.1502172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005363424,0.0002340585,0.1408744,0.0005073036,0.0004659703,0.0005335049,0.1161489,0.0004340401,0.0003116101,0.4043588,0.3304693,0.0002986148],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8767816,0.0005216289,0.0007228987,0.1189294,0.0007458468,0.0005021138,0.00006982021,0.000006130142,0.001720462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987862,0.0002238383,0.0001399911,0.0001803764,0.0004012863,0.000009258125,0.00000297257,0.000003570083,0.0002524785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4146646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1440956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124243917","doi":"10.1177/09730052241274413","title":"Brand Adoption by BoP Retailers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"Piyush Kumar Sinha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saurabh Rawal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aakriti Sinha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01194398437508883,"gpt":0.2544193658914246,"spread":0.2424753815163358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002923883,0.0001347096,0.0001404251,0.0004677716,0.00004810734,0.0006110856,0.0004000419,0.00002478865,0.0004085853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001700656,0.0001130223,0.0001622986,0.0001902031,0.00003826273,0.001189224,0.0002017372,0.0001431745,0.0002833031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001139614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007357376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000401668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001034959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986952,0.000006162251,0.0003900461,0.000103034,0.0006633276,0.0001422212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994365,0.00002078811,0.0001950626,0.00007962421,0.0002563088,0.00001170325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001333882,0.00009523286,0.03279398,0.0001487674,0.001123269,0.0005247951,0.00005541609,0.00002183153,0.0005930924,0.02011672,0.155991,0.7884024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007591533,0.0000172575,0.01896953,0.0004819416,0.0003418422,0.00004384732,0.0008016592,0.000459463,0.00002041798,0.0011448,0.9767371,0.0002229381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8780974,0.008157623,0.004682969,0.02897921,0.02203846,0.0004515556,0.00001621517,0.0002498539,0.05732671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958234,0.0004584163,0.0001081219,0.0003528889,0.0006344411,0.000005831061,0.00001447762,0.00001890515,0.002583471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8207461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5892712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558123512","doi":"10.1177/0973005216660899","title":"Book Review: Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rural Management","topic":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Political science; Economic history; History; Law","authors":[{"name":"Christopher L. Atkinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00667361823752404,"gpt":0.2077198820514583,"spread":0.2010462638139342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000158371,0.00005696111,0.0001897067,0.00003143745,0.00009530297,0.00001356889,0.0002262366,0.000004521681,0.0008846724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004328911,0.00002349381,0.0000863034,0.00001424476,0.00008369522,0.0001023581,0.0000926854,0.0000411143,0.000002484823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005799227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001711414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2808177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.651038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991426,0.00003107245,0.000393965,0.00003567338,0.0003318014,0.00006485802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993734,0.0001266747,0.0002513878,0.00004022882,0.0001856466,0.00002259696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001360976,0.00003527327,0.0004709004,0.00008194062,0.0007742643,0.00003669343,0.003398263,0.000005172774,0.000002458859,0.03203422,0.8302159,0.1328089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007785058,0.00001023838,0.0001980869,0.0004984583,0.00006832046,0.000003080196,0.0007523583,0.000004457529,8.240279e-7,0.001283167,0.9963599,0.00004255991],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01376879,0.05660172,0.000008528695,0.9254407,0.0006813969,0.00003683607,0.000004590528,9.846069e-7,0.003456493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3381987,0.5087966,0.00001909273,0.0227247,0.000398671,0.000005482863,0.000001245691,0.000005817779,0.1298497],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.902716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9686543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}