{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":224,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":224,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d9411bddb5d0","filters":{"venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education"}},"results":[{"id":"W1893523113","doi":"","title":"E-Learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":391,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Engineering ethics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Tina Benevides","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08542895772627271,"gpt":0.458037282448149,"spread":0.3726083247218762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006500198,0.00006878952,0.00009919808,0.0002456744,0.000407653,0.0002200825,0.0004671925,0.00007736385,0.00006281413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01759483,0.0000569754,0.00004603776,0.0003240212,0.0001612628,0.0006445957,0.00002609369,0.00108254,0.000004875239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001825325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008806573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001844252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001149106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975536,0.0009980974,0.0003075393,0.0001355964,0.0007780062,0.0002270923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951618,0.002737836,0.0004396949,0.00006179112,0.001534629,0.00006422501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003319828,0.0003767935,0.01580033,0.000007913954,0.00003230134,0.000006692327,0.08123496,0.00002604639,0.00001991997,0.792507,0.0003029089,0.1093531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001426185,0.0001753224,0.004138171,0.0001702635,0.000008671692,0.00001886263,0.3378749,0.00001087264,0.000004033532,0.01662652,0.6407757,0.00005399875],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5628552,0.007472487,0.03000742,0.1357978,0.00955493,0.001389502,0.000005457413,0.00008926845,0.252828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756373,0.001759494,0.02057551,0.0001455209,0.001390845,0.00001500031,0.000004064982,0.00001035662,0.0004619425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7758805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9906804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1949799969","doi":"","title":"Building and Maintaining Community in Cohort-Based Online Learning","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Humanities; Focus group; Sense of community; Sociology; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Art; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Dianne Conrad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01638080459921163,"gpt":0.3665210630711584,"spread":0.3501402584719468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002552003,0.0001041469,0.0001713026,0.000350372,0.0003934598,0.0001649249,0.0003470451,0.0000712865,0.00008913007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00243078,0.0001129594,0.00005913563,0.0002269611,0.0001129743,0.0005666986,0.0000343237,0.001395785,0.000003047535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000529504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000829502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000415057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001306831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978722,0.0007983703,0.0004626966,0.0001176779,0.0005420257,0.0002070566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982181,0.0004935319,0.0005888492,0.00006033187,0.0005369009,0.0001022691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001024847,0.0004715664,0.6230403,0.000009041311,0.0000422443,0.000007816753,0.00847539,0.04056918,0.0003353164,0.01964628,0.00009298221,0.3072074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001076345,0.0001698902,0.1851123,0.000928383,0.00003454065,0.0000250121,0.07495821,0.006374544,0.0000716533,0.001308146,0.7296284,0.0003125852],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834108,0.0003330753,0.007505039,0.006415453,0.0005499246,0.00006407752,9.930168e-7,0.00002529807,0.001695321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805315,0.0001741281,0.01755949,0.0001536448,0.001117777,0.000002481352,0.00001652792,0.00001355883,0.000430879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7295354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6064068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2893403440","doi":"","title":"Deep in the Hearts of Learners: Insights into the Nature of Online Community","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":207,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Humanities; Sociology; Credence; Political science; Ethnology; Art; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Dianne Conrad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01958735938148454,"gpt":0.3473878509562533,"spread":0.3278004915747688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001367082,0.00006841191,0.0001333945,0.0001573218,0.000224908,0.00004718649,0.0007749429,0.00007645901,0.00009779078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001753961,0.00004479881,0.0000881811,0.0003396051,0.0002100261,0.0003050754,0.00002662414,0.001366451,0.000001971002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001113628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003002706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005481816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003149717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976104,0.001096203,0.0004253901,0.00006074419,0.0007103218,0.00009691708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978189,0.0006370223,0.0007084946,0.0001178638,0.0006891745,0.00002847308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001485769,0.002916851,0.09208001,0.00004219685,0.0001461897,0.000007834017,0.5988201,0.006739178,0.0005841395,0.08898298,0.001899231,0.2076327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004274795,0.0001984162,0.05224651,0.0005051551,0.00003093637,0.00001305719,0.468067,0.0008727681,0.00008810781,0.005145452,0.4722796,0.0001254249],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777037,0.002379352,0.0002978019,0.01517211,0.000756382,0.00007156282,5.576107e-7,0.000004077425,0.003614458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976845,0.0006960626,0.0006008756,0.000181566,0.0005271225,0.00000142298,0.000007220252,0.000005428968,0.0002958365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4703804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5936627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1589460620","doi":"","title":"Distance Education in the Digital Age: Common Misconceptions and Challenging Tasks","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Confusion; Humanities; Sociology; Pedagogy; Philosophy; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Sarah Guri‐Rosenblit","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01269519205826459,"gpt":0.3548545676386098,"spread":0.3421593755803452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006740871,0.0000922735,0.0001194821,0.0001714832,0.000271611,0.0004504111,0.0003843562,0.00004966631,0.00002979125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005956033,0.00008015036,0.00005797685,0.0002028569,0.000104541,0.0007387774,0.00001066651,0.0004819539,0.000004339753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002223226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008912194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000064106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002473685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986547,0.0001912225,0.0003509112,0.0001292091,0.0005168998,0.000157073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989893,0.0001754566,0.0003985282,0.00007595135,0.0002964024,0.00006436461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004952596,0.0006212484,0.04677039,0.000006273862,0.00001928582,0.00001133959,0.0213822,0.0004204323,0.00005821158,0.2176702,0.001405032,0.7115858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002547144,0.00008533768,0.1045434,0.0003802425,0.00001482631,0.00003429903,0.08310654,0.00007036195,0.000003496922,0.008542269,0.8028116,0.0001529119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8983344,0.002859567,0.00458649,0.04737441,0.002146898,0.0002164496,0.000003482803,0.00003003573,0.04444826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961548,0.0005806208,0.000512449,0.000252557,0.001209675,0.000003730115,0.00002390725,0.000006131825,0.001256115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8014066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4343325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1939017218","doi":"","title":"A Response to the Review of the Community of Inquiry Framework","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Community of inquiry; Context (archaeology); Constructive; Representation (politics); Engineering ethics; Management science; Sociology; Focus (optics); Computer science; Data science; Psychology; Political science; Engineering; Process (computing)","authors":[{"name":"Zehra Akyol","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. B. Arbaugh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha Cleveland‐Innes","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Phil Ice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Swan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0267711070275837,"gpt":0.4060193628130762,"spread":0.3792482557854925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004021428,0.00005466187,0.0001322346,0.00007351864,0.0002339875,0.00002862808,0.0008817157,0.00003662178,0.00008067147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01122662,0.00003558307,0.0001192825,0.0003620534,0.000111622,0.0001513364,0.00003200845,0.0006390061,0.000002820419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000129528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001059256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005695593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003851451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971623,0.001585437,0.0004256582,0.00004877,0.0006928609,0.0000850091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971024,0.0006964957,0.0008714568,0.0001565984,0.001131482,0.00004161647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001854072,0.00190935,0.0388496,0.0003095725,0.0002325651,0.000003001147,0.1963969,0.002357079,0.002510565,0.1853686,0.03995653,0.5302522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001017365,0.0001688617,0.07337324,0.009035582,0.00003016736,0.000006549596,0.02979451,0.000004120116,0.0001325777,0.003444783,0.8838378,0.00007004209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7945926,0.005063123,0.00465924,0.1899209,0.002923688,0.0002085954,0.000002955355,0.000008449017,0.002620438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948528,0.001225176,0.001545743,0.001382277,0.0005465809,0.000001375049,0.000001219407,0.000003618133,0.0004412014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8438813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1628194554","doi":"","title":"E-Learning: Confusing Terminology, Research Gaps and Inherent Challenges","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Terminology; Process (computing); Computer science; Management science; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Data science; Epistemology; Sociology; Engineering; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Sarah Guri‐Rosenblit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Begoña Gros Salvat","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1155764347082242,"gpt":0.4228186653350653,"spread":0.3072422306268412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00236973,0.000100146,0.0001571578,0.0003943789,0.000423363,0.0001364615,0.0003980998,0.0001050862,0.0003007159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002006666,0.00009871866,0.00005888429,0.0001571375,0.0003366597,0.0005019459,0.00006102451,0.001012684,0.00001828561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002228596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00101813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001570424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001729958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976262,0.0007847762,0.0003728704,0.0001896488,0.0007540876,0.0002724439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974618,0.000287896,0.0004802861,0.0000703382,0.001560563,0.0001391079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001893731,0.0004631751,0.06325902,0.00002729606,0.0001156192,0.00003547487,0.06362925,0.00002658585,0.0003891195,0.2664779,0.0006461559,0.604741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002995647,0.0002784959,0.02265193,0.0003571118,0.00001748651,0.00005044858,0.1457689,0.0000248797,0.0001031124,0.004098962,0.8262028,0.0001463936],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8991539,0.005704395,0.000442795,0.00850019,0.002654643,0.0001381666,7.038557e-7,0.00004517827,0.08336002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883936,0.005810284,0.001741166,0.00002958157,0.001278469,0.000004776554,0.000003609568,0.00001432711,0.002724174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8255566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4399666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1922127570","doi":"","title":"Learning Together: Exploring Group Interactions Online","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Ligne; Collaborative learning; Sociology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Art","authors":[{"name":"Martha A. Gabriel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03369110223511865,"gpt":0.3655648237925091,"spread":0.3318737215573904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007660172,0.0001239045,0.0001619066,0.0003168693,0.0004230491,0.0002122891,0.0004405675,0.00005320713,0.0002767003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001591585,0.000128907,0.0001502833,0.0002786809,0.00008711387,0.001371367,0.00003295264,0.0009728695,0.00003459897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007311791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001064157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002696106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006058729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981237,0.0002379379,0.0004910231,0.0001676066,0.0007510161,0.0002287092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979742,0.0001795244,0.0007023526,0.00007128712,0.0009350808,0.0001375654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002889668,0.002005439,0.07216637,0.00002170438,0.0003269395,0.00005190148,0.05230438,0.04476784,0.002674336,0.1720141,0.0006171057,0.652761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004323673,0.0001357804,0.005055038,0.0004354912,0.00002632285,0.00003322117,0.0765141,0.00003862452,0.00007456755,0.001913765,0.9151734,0.0001673767],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9571241,0.0003916328,0.01786795,0.01097554,0.006834436,0.00008648039,0.000002051479,0.00008128619,0.006636503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851688,0.0007283596,0.007782063,0.00009335307,0.003867037,0.00000716812,0.00003168589,0.00002194097,0.002299575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9145563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5256675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1588611113","doi":"","title":"Mobile Learning: Transforming the delivery of education and training","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Mobile Learning in Education","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Computer science; Business; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Robyn Gorham","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008442239201180594,"gpt":0.2805326562667756,"spread":0.2720904170655951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001029829,0.0001408919,0.000175278,0.0002936544,0.0001819047,0.0002195568,0.0009693236,0.00007661906,0.00004172874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006720025,0.0001195368,0.0000984247,0.0002708704,0.0001199033,0.0009831549,0.00005184876,0.0009578405,0.00000421093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009907475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001398692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002929143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001107028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982861,0.0001638567,0.0005904284,0.0002142458,0.000583726,0.0001615864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971252,0.0003271259,0.001015657,0.0002010411,0.001238365,0.00009262359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003612075,0.0004145427,0.02012663,0.00002708635,0.00006893112,0.00000112908,0.0341447,0.001825716,0.01414159,0.06498182,0.0004341267,0.8637976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009563825,0.000856527,0.06024891,0.000845313,0.00009948639,0.001107867,0.0454849,0.0101815,0.004876175,0.01005231,0.8646319,0.0006587431],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8999538,0.0008674835,0.0870319,0.001504774,0.007586392,0.0001848959,5.831712e-7,0.00003348938,0.002836701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867401,0.0002054073,0.01134666,0.00009178207,0.0007542956,0.00003017871,0.000006949264,0.00001527297,0.0008093225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8641978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4874568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1573757825","doi":"","title":"A Path Analysis Of The Concepts In Moore’s Theory Of Transactional Distance In A Videoconferencing Learning Environment","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","field":"Psychology","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transactional leadership; Distance education; Psychology; Videoconferencing; Autonomy; Path analysis (statistics); Humanities; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Philosophy; Computer science; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Yau‐Jane Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fern K. Willits","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02109162082874631,"gpt":0.3809066085017948,"spread":0.3598149876730484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001876982,0.0001052014,0.0002734742,0.0006741011,0.00005084966,0.00001374333,0.0004968367,0.00007287787,0.0009818216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003654569,0.00009552065,0.0001800456,0.0006253805,0.0001283116,0.0001340407,0.0000212589,0.0006595558,0.000002231109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005166137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003996242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002038851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005177337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975529,0.0005316099,0.001121248,0.0001549479,0.0004901779,0.0001491225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99722,0.0006798987,0.001427996,0.0002110317,0.0004105067,0.00005059578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004322924,0.0007468225,0.8374076,0.00002043718,0.0002617826,0.000001526588,0.03542214,0.009248575,0.0004902042,0.09062339,0.00002837612,0.02531685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004746521,0.00004407955,0.9524823,0.0003084693,0.0000611281,0.000006488001,0.03927047,0.0002504488,0.00007946755,0.001146477,0.005794364,0.00008159586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9354573,0.001292204,0.05698887,0.001425695,0.001343188,0.0001545909,0.000007649814,0.000004865748,0.003325649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985566,0.0001506629,0.0004567286,0.00006699668,0.00008509507,0.00001287437,0.00001750318,0.000009931827,0.000643659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1150748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1482363376","doi":"","title":"Dissertations at a Distance: Students' Perceptions of Online Mentoring in a Doctoral Program","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Mentoring and Academic Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Best practice; Context (archaeology); Perception; Medical education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Online learning; Graduate students; Computer science; Multimedia; Political science; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Swapna Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Truly M Hardemon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01914765069981572,"gpt":0.4058483550917811,"spread":0.3867007043919654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003435519,0.000122099,0.0001832368,0.0002725659,0.00005823293,0.00006266237,0.000453448,0.00005880827,0.001125136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002175592,0.0001167433,0.00008028094,0.00020926,0.0000437187,0.0002781218,0.00004236098,0.0003574751,0.00003974098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004922679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001503667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001254093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006858994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981506,0.00009522371,0.0007649564,0.0001698292,0.0006071078,0.0002122714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984772,0.00009748033,0.0006744022,0.0001027764,0.0005394751,0.0001086628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009585807,0.001963412,0.9450865,0.00001559421,0.0001299077,0.000003785161,0.01440494,0.0001633227,0.001268853,0.003706496,0.001579761,0.03158155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006371606,0.00009962891,0.9511453,0.0004487344,0.00001754484,0.00001593463,0.01581416,0.0000342757,0.00003909898,0.0002267331,0.03139855,0.0001228964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917062,0.000277117,0.0009035422,0.0006983542,0.004895547,0.0002133497,0.000004915637,0.00001662334,0.001284345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874567,0.00006848774,0.002127526,0.00002578808,0.0004009558,0.0001072777,0.00005824723,0.0000147162,0.009740312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03145865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144443944","doi":"","title":"An Introduction to Distance Education: Understanding Teaching and Learning in a New Era","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cambrian College","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Laura A. Killam","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0132961879005941,"gpt":0.3534487556115745,"spread":0.3401525677109803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002246668,0.0001305049,0.0001668854,0.000467854,0.0005337339,0.0004371448,0.0003616716,0.00008827185,0.0001449858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003239073,0.0001427829,0.00004878213,0.0002975268,0.0000755133,0.001335476,0.00002384351,0.002037259,0.000005646481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006058763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00319888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000473054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002716062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979889,0.000471445,0.0004480975,0.0002698769,0.0005946402,0.0002270016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985229,0.0001983058,0.0004914036,0.0001005752,0.0004240412,0.0002627964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001603443,0.0004080138,0.09629365,0.00001114717,0.00002910871,0.000003892146,0.02997761,0.001960872,0.002867092,0.4615964,0.002657598,0.4040343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002775262,0.0001220885,0.01460522,0.0001961512,0.00001442747,0.00003206158,0.07489517,0.0001968555,0.0000231894,0.004604329,0.9048233,0.0002096601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8657645,0.0002198167,0.05843628,0.06264009,0.007470478,0.0001768048,7.326754e-7,0.00005492676,0.005236376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9696078,0.00005833362,0.0184053,0.00015769,0.00804124,0.000003905748,0.00001443569,0.00001866147,0.003692596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9021657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8850989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1604844398","doi":"","title":"Principles of Effective Web-Based Content for Secondary School Students: Teacher and Developer Perceptions","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchronous communication; Perception; Context (archaeology); Computer science; World Wide Web; Web content; Multimedia; Instructional design; Content analysis; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Web page; Medicine; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Michael K. Barbour","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02124865931096067,"gpt":0.3744635598522285,"spread":0.3532149005412679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00191399,0.00007562913,0.0001315931,0.0001972988,0.0001769778,0.00008022953,0.000239468,0.00005445048,0.0001836453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001928525,0.00007081367,0.00007697816,0.00009720349,0.0001078116,0.0003188772,0.0000174971,0.0002922025,0.000002497841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003245797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001408076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004605625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000301647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987319,0.0001351249,0.0003987334,0.0001087329,0.0004961157,0.0001293967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976169,0.0003270931,0.0005299033,0.00003993412,0.001388865,0.00009733051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003506958,0.0005252156,0.842868,0.00002696742,0.0001471085,0.000001866533,0.005480591,0.0002197864,0.00228653,0.01458144,0.0003300445,0.1331818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009314906,0.0001363091,0.584217,0.0002890142,0.00003355539,0.000004188898,0.03374961,0.00004283602,0.0001586261,0.0001036067,0.380231,0.0001027923],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9715936,0.0002693444,0.0223984,0.001495525,0.0008530915,0.0002106445,0.000003862166,0.00001067987,0.00316483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884472,0.00005944149,0.00797721,0.00007377074,0.0006997838,0.00001030414,0.00001086042,0.000009314573,0.002712141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3799009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2887698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1893341944","doi":"","title":"A Content Analysis of the Journal of Distance Education 1986-2001","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Viewpoints; Sociology; Library science; Art; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Liam Rourke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Szabó","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03393970510621114,"gpt":0.3453928652681916,"spread":0.3114531601619804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001457163,0.0001065245,0.0002834634,0.0004761671,0.000196018,0.00008536647,0.0007673083,0.000062991,0.0005346228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002238549,0.00008372397,0.0003395134,0.0009042316,0.0001673809,0.0005624823,0.00002420408,0.0004768343,0.000003511961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004657685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001555246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001721815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004122498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971796,0.0004708289,0.0008927683,0.00009987781,0.001187466,0.0001694982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935694,0.0002603058,0.002820866,0.000123293,0.003117976,0.0001082147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003461926,0.003014071,0.627232,0.00003805707,0.00222537,0.000005511882,0.04451464,0.008097298,0.002263559,0.0502182,0.01660353,0.2454416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000559436,0.0001734831,0.1109065,0.0007612368,0.0009858034,0.00003781716,0.06749666,0.0007880171,0.0002312776,0.0007834997,0.8170507,0.0002256307],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9605213,0.003069086,0.01254558,0.01077185,0.006168812,0.0001242804,0.000007896037,0.000008662592,0.006782533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919781,0.0009723287,0.001138964,0.0001048895,0.001141953,0.000001417408,0.000005019506,0.000009300879,0.004648039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8004472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5853745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1595247267","doi":"","title":"Motivation and Cognitive Strategies in the Choice to Attend Lectures or Watch Them Online","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Class (philosophy); Online learning; Mathematics education; Orientation (vector space); Social psychology; Goal orientation; Cognitive psychology; Multimedia; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"John N. Bassili","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04314011356325648,"gpt":0.3791969129251556,"spread":0.3360567993618991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005230255,0.00007483039,0.0000959047,0.0001034432,0.0002279315,0.0001355266,0.0002495515,0.00003862603,0.0000838124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00254259,0.00005217689,0.00003116656,0.0002517301,0.00008781936,0.0005111524,0.00001360779,0.0003552158,0.000003554266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009861565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008673858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002641951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001464087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987547,0.0002552667,0.0002531163,0.0001057216,0.0005090231,0.0001221168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983581,0.0007087514,0.0002618967,0.00003362617,0.0005906742,0.00004689171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000526766,0.0008776191,0.6616145,0.00001327058,0.0001054553,0.00004653923,0.1377118,0.001649275,0.0002944587,0.0207611,0.002940582,0.1734587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004879224,0.0001625101,0.5544012,0.00038293,0.00002177347,0.00009001567,0.2103156,0.00003839355,0.00003231416,0.001232126,0.2326809,0.0001543462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780322,0.0001235997,0.002107584,0.01731536,0.0004405836,0.0000948775,0.000002152482,0.000007883244,0.001875803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965411,0.0002299398,0.0008313152,0.0003501808,0.001173543,0.000004021476,0.00001353089,0.000006173744,0.0008501594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2297403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3043902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1776252433","doi":"","title":"Questions in the Online Learning Environment","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Face (sociological concept); Humanities; Linguistics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Judith Blanchette","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01733005265966296,"gpt":0.3638140256219442,"spread":0.3464839729622812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002793714,0.00006388065,0.00007557713,0.0001708323,0.0002311249,0.0001112645,0.0004057742,0.00004325921,0.0002398284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001531856,0.00005409218,0.00005180128,0.0001724151,0.0001034092,0.000215137,0.00001304573,0.0005196456,0.00002137179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005077072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004424398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000108903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002205033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983072,0.0002737455,0.0003968521,0.00009035993,0.0007717483,0.0001601291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989105,0.0003859265,0.0002647899,0.00005131971,0.0003165261,0.00007093378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006948888,0.001621071,0.1850526,0.000006271033,0.00004415253,0.00002070983,0.1143563,0.001145599,0.0001210938,0.5640489,0.001546524,0.1319672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001284375,0.00002978454,0.1459724,0.0001180116,0.000007079941,0.00001194839,0.08093335,0.00001028812,0.000008865072,0.005910933,0.7667929,0.00007606902],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8472778,0.0009945664,0.04904943,0.06712443,0.006110216,0.0002194257,0.000001349338,0.00003546183,0.02918737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930183,0.0003960429,0.002782354,0.0005871662,0.0009836536,0.000003302378,0.00001215504,0.000005716664,0.002211331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7652463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2625953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W337537112","doi":"","title":"The Combined Effects of Response Time and Message Content on Growth Patterns of Discussion Threads in Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation.","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentative; Argumentation theory; Humanities; Art; Political science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Allan Jeong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00858092632843716,"gpt":0.2926012463435185,"spread":0.2840203200150813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009903368,0.00007007727,0.0001372555,0.0001714606,0.0001179285,0.00006706257,0.0002165838,0.00002695243,0.00001257265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006856839,0.00004779958,0.0000398021,0.0001795377,0.00009295779,0.0002425205,0.00002774734,0.0001267769,0.00000138191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002274675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002426704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008009824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001439223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986672,0.0003257114,0.0003786126,0.00008874616,0.0004519665,0.00008770607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981713,0.0004763615,0.0006365966,0.000047176,0.0006301226,0.00003841235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006345968,0.002292464,0.5870528,0.0001297156,0.0004385148,0.0000330519,0.1264218,0.001971822,0.009732787,0.2223692,0.0004332504,0.04277869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003553083,0.0009224543,0.956377,0.002418287,0.00004524131,0.000001888527,0.02499856,0.000237004,0.004624972,0.00521589,0.001426675,0.0001789578],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921629,0.0001150229,0.002992622,0.003389045,0.0007763559,0.0001902528,0.000002366394,0.000004448177,0.0003670061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989225,0.0001703772,0.0001628739,0.00002154987,0.00009314086,0.000005160872,0.000007083328,0.000005147573,0.0006121931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3693242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.194921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1489266961","doi":"","title":"Support Services That Matter: An Exploration of the Experiences and Needs of Graduate Students in a Distance Learning Environment","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Graduate students; Sociology; Humanities; Library science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Art; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Darrell L. Cain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chip Marrara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul E. Pitre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabrina Armour","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02830767054509331,"gpt":0.3574181212752768,"spread":0.3291104507301835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001592537,0.00008455609,0.000145095,0.0002020158,0.0001315219,0.00007340263,0.000447209,0.00004182025,0.00006976574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009841123,0.00007123386,0.00004992272,0.0001820022,0.0001598025,0.001265443,0.00004239042,0.0002812841,0.000001331383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002045096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001765667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003221906,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980523,0.0002386737,0.0004833055,0.00009994142,0.0009890661,0.0001367088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985079,0.00009841241,0.001040323,0.00006776645,0.0002289765,0.00005661209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008576977,0.00022404,0.8337782,0.00001458586,0.00001802673,0.00000119829,0.150335,0.000790494,0.0003690062,0.001710167,0.000007967999,0.01266553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003056821,0.0001230973,0.3143192,0.0003374198,0.00001559515,0.000004330679,0.6608778,0.00004289876,0.0008587564,0.000415702,0.02259557,0.0001039832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944473,0.0001672366,0.00334444,0.0007600643,0.000641799,0.0000832588,6.662777e-7,0.000003941137,0.0005513218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985607,0.0003543647,0.000422329,0.00003021272,0.0001947669,0.000004130422,0.000005863401,0.000007405095,0.0004202858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5194591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2904832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1514348434","doi":"","title":"A Critique of the Community of Inquiry Framework.","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Utterance; Metaphor; Relation (database); Sociology; Cognition; Epistemology; Psychology; Humanities; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Cindy Xin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05710565305495123,"gpt":0.45957025208081,"spread":0.4024645990258587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003613831,0.00008702358,0.0001800096,0.0001643731,0.00009875926,0.00001334678,0.0005761504,0.00008603074,0.0002874139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003718026,0.0000683332,0.0001241927,0.0002173316,0.0001755871,0.0001780173,0.00004517322,0.001479823,0.000004300447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001015882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001592643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001019115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001671897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965517,0.002346013,0.0005597586,0.00005610729,0.0003590406,0.000127404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965127,0.0008496838,0.001348887,0.0002034789,0.001048247,0.00003697515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002366196,0.001416999,0.5591981,0.00003503853,0.0002511364,4.716744e-7,0.1076504,0.0001624982,0.003604953,0.2968546,0.00264069,0.02794846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002758733,0.000132509,0.9259521,0.0007220626,0.00003550315,0.00006448416,0.02800168,0.000005208464,0.001209794,0.004945049,0.03855252,0.0001032676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8907205,0.0005469579,0.09429282,0.0008094858,0.008023385,0.00004629401,0.000002198019,0.000006924726,0.005551463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918999,0.000008757173,0.006326449,0.0001693892,0.000883845,0.000003177792,0.000003557108,0.00001323334,0.0006916751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3667539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6429177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1572773552","doi":"","title":"Implications of Online and Blended Learning for the Conceptual Development and Practice of Distance Education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Ligne; Blended learning; Humanities; Sociology; Pedagogy; Educational technology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"D. Randy Garrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02283695911700021,"gpt":0.3827692384710199,"spread":0.3599322793540197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001042767,0.00008372776,0.0001484921,0.0001125775,0.0002815342,0.00005878436,0.0002317463,0.0000463871,0.00001471371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003635856,0.00007242858,0.00004533002,0.0001553423,0.0002008644,0.000452607,0.00001553687,0.0002597797,2.457893e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001250965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002329737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003105852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006870919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987122,0.0001831523,0.0004971491,0.0001246345,0.0003692338,0.0001136194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958783,0.001068234,0.001204407,0.00006099739,0.001726464,0.00006163629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002208663,0.0005375623,0.01245276,0.00001852629,0.00008755874,1.908523e-7,0.01850105,0.0004603596,0.0007856336,0.2251554,0.0003292336,0.7414508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003424681,0.0001575547,0.05176296,0.0002637994,0.00006679527,0.00001753164,0.09864514,0.00008912008,0.0001694821,0.00188369,0.8464952,0.0001062777],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7689949,0.009905056,0.1273728,0.08499408,0.001888741,0.0006514033,0.0000140237,0.00003083228,0.006148129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788092,0.0009266497,0.01894486,0.0001127628,0.0004544742,0.000006752608,0.000022915,0.000006617805,0.0007157441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.846166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4352722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1480793581","doi":"","title":"Tutor Messaging and Its Effectiveness in Encouraging Student Participation on Computer Conferences","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Psychological intervention; Intervention (counseling); Psychology; Pedagogy; Humanities; Political science; Sociology; Art","authors":[{"name":"Allan C. Tagg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie Dickinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04346308193994718,"gpt":0.4329267772155762,"spread":0.389463695275629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00184772,0.0001162607,0.0001886835,0.0003541966,0.0001112242,0.00005365815,0.0001879498,0.00004496255,0.00007503068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003734961,0.0001079206,0.00003854001,0.0001462566,0.00004567046,0.0002021262,0.00001951932,0.0005682854,0.000009923759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001900449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001567752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002848852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002375313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997761,0.001146746,0.0004020449,0.0001848438,0.0003628426,0.0001425143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983447,0.0005844029,0.0004903928,0.00005875212,0.0004778844,0.00004386358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003411475,0.0006047445,0.8817257,0.00001453257,0.0001195325,0.00004508465,0.02264513,0.004264781,0.0005556257,0.05407855,0.0001285244,0.03547661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000628523,0.000197005,0.9918466,0.0004495409,0.000009065147,0.00007162173,0.001718307,0.0004811844,0.0001171445,0.0001780488,0.004191533,0.0001113908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9643707,0.0002725899,0.02924026,0.0003900403,0.00274067,0.00007815745,5.167365e-7,0.00001472989,0.002892394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984039,0.00002483508,0.0006764977,0.00009588684,0.0004569604,0.00001309332,0.000005484863,0.00001165446,0.0003116729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1101209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4400876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1572069782","doi":"","title":"Developing Asynchronous Online Courses: Key Instructional Strategies in a Social Metacognitive Constructivist Learning Trajectory","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metacognition; Asynchronous communication; Social constructivism; Computer science; Community of inquiry; Instructional design; Constructivist teaching methods; Experiential learning; Mathematics education; Key (lock); Pedagogy; Cognition; Psychology; Teaching method; Multimedia","authors":[{"name":"Margaret L. Niess","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry Gillow-Wiles","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01798362644906058,"gpt":0.3491655441421874,"spread":0.3311819176931268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006994073,0.0001663056,0.0002622564,0.0004584615,0.0004607876,0.0003989424,0.0003612127,0.0001107073,0.000432412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00100666,0.0001766633,0.0001215849,0.0003622502,0.0002941644,0.001678451,0.00002851334,0.001007125,0.00001918462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009122276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005479896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000417619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006479059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975361,0.0005106502,0.0006247881,0.0002090263,0.0008307649,0.0002886322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969286,0.0002667914,0.0008965138,0.0000372135,0.001781412,0.00008949151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002069819,0.0008188852,0.1428862,0.00004883973,0.000427368,0.00003338139,0.03308723,0.004627598,0.0006686205,0.3168023,0.0004722964,0.4999203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001449129,0.0001735623,0.1949556,0.000704876,0.00006444937,0.000110437,0.5361046,0.0003652175,0.00005305293,0.01513378,0.2502865,0.0005986933],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730549,0.000301808,0.01278622,0.004470779,0.002209255,0.0001557982,0.000004313175,0.00003963476,0.006977221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983218,0.0001920815,0.01339113,0.00006938216,0.002594784,0.00001238298,0.00004484386,0.00001897709,0.0004583781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5030174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993122078","doi":"","title":"Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills: Two Conceptualizations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Critical thinking; Categorization; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Epistemology; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Cheryl L. McLean","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03771594148306955,"gpt":0.4665376868408195,"spread":0.42882174535775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001969212,0.0001021111,0.0001360499,0.0001846297,0.0006204288,0.0003493189,0.0005240773,0.0000572173,0.001352683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008700072,0.0001066237,0.00009220699,0.0002293696,0.0002274623,0.0007378681,0.00002950029,0.0003739418,0.00006648104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006620123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001991365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003885205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006960366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973186,0.0003878224,0.0005865882,0.0001573435,0.001328545,0.0002211502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961689,0.0006750422,0.0003566764,0.00007846202,0.002548192,0.0001727024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001506641,0.0004492493,0.006325103,0.000004376324,0.00003813455,0.000001595817,0.06067897,0.0009168459,0.00007030665,0.8693818,0.002409313,0.05970917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005442973,0.00006710175,0.002782918,0.0005878511,0.0000496032,0.00002925887,0.05987856,0.0003763686,0.0001284599,0.06233488,0.87293,0.0002906952],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3182042,0.003104517,0.2808305,0.2384466,0.03273393,0.0005027612,0.000007677422,0.0002776403,0.1258923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9523619,0.0001331289,0.03958159,0.00157906,0.003242236,0.000009012612,0.00001213278,0.00001339137,0.003067575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8705207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139498226","doi":"","title":"Changes in the Demographics and Motivations of Distance Education in Students.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residence; Pace; Demographics; Distance education; Higher education; Population; Mathematics education; Psychology; Geographical distance; Pedagogy; Geography; Sociology; Demography; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Lori Wallace","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01296554065444012,"gpt":0.3790098377637844,"spread":0.3660442971093443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002463159,0.00006693619,0.0001076792,0.0004333904,0.00009915056,0.00007554964,0.0003951309,0.00004924724,0.00001681147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001009341,0.00005884904,0.00003391536,0.0004994572,0.0001130969,0.0003216792,0.00001558945,0.0003646449,5.23732e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001698947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008415583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002002187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00854182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984915,0.0002122994,0.0003956646,0.00009845591,0.0006703117,0.0001317533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984946,0.0003616088,0.0005312617,0.00005690998,0.0005161996,0.00003946439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003586154,0.0004044961,0.868358,0.00000734071,0.00001036136,0.000001564499,0.01042368,0.00005669669,0.00006107269,0.05414221,0.00008322443,0.06641546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002146603,0.00003952374,0.7964687,0.0003304349,0.000008730242,0.000005208477,0.07585948,0.00001030124,0.00001875324,0.001821054,0.1251541,0.00006910604],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871881,0.0006913256,0.003146392,0.005841242,0.0008288829,0.0001111557,0.000001034077,0.000004079297,0.002187774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997398,0.0007127991,0.0009489162,0.0001091224,0.0004798357,0.000003845118,0.000007474968,0.000005393842,0.0003345967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1250709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4766536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1538249873","doi":"","title":"Learning in Communities of Inquiry: A Review of the Literature (Winner 2009 Best Research Article Award)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Psychology; Community of inquiry; Humanities; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Liam Rourke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather Kanuka","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1376349693756254,"gpt":0.525169462458246,"spread":0.3875344930826206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01020485,0.0002551582,0.001070959,0.000890815,0.0001333119,0.0000656492,0.001260984,0.000230143,0.0002204382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004308572,0.0001861754,0.0004237035,0.00137677,0.0002693736,0.0001818892,0.00009458914,0.005184112,0.00001463298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000370625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009491548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000877928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006801302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9871657,0.009707468,0.001707168,0.0001945833,0.0009640582,0.0002609461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9923025,0.001363387,0.00308325,0.0003718795,0.002834839,0.00004415885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007696605,0.0007439487,0.003137909,0.00746866,0.0002736599,0.000009149931,0.02262068,0.0000982952,0.000007249182,0.006314107,0.005745777,0.9535036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001632726,0.0001912082,0.001938985,0.2325075,0.00008816655,0.00009825467,0.005184581,0.000001842727,0.000001471984,0.0001798031,0.75952,0.0001249412],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002100442,0.9914868,0.0002880431,0.0007258142,0.002398421,0.0002585921,0.000006633475,0.000007970638,0.002727262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02419917,0.9709842,0.0005908455,0.00009624571,0.0007797201,0.00002123058,0.00005513685,0.00003916798,0.003234291],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9533787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1540154928","doi":"","title":"Autonomy and Responsibility: Online Learning as a Solution for At-Risk High School Students","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pace; Autonomy; Online learning; Work (physics); Psychology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Knowledge management; Computer science; Engineering; Multimedia; Medicine; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Somer Lewis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aimee L. Whiteside","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy Garrett Dikkers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01095152838767727,"gpt":0.3640939877676624,"spread":0.3531424593799852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002656071,0.0001150728,0.0001814753,0.0002151133,0.000605447,0.0002273464,0.00035419,0.00008556957,0.0001299465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009284518,0.000117476,0.00009429205,0.0001282627,0.0001032891,0.0005024161,0.00006015804,0.0005405718,0.0000153226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007761191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001281592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002573829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003458841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977602,0.0006204525,0.0004611885,0.0002198947,0.0007298979,0.0002083141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971461,0.0006078721,0.0009337454,0.0000762298,0.001066634,0.0001694615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009279028,0.000545187,0.6470823,0.00002009276,0.0001686983,0.000002145732,0.006760695,0.001478331,0.0005552491,0.02422833,0.0008663972,0.3173646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009588755,0.0003601296,0.1267451,0.0002247017,0.00006570954,0.000009810099,0.007605448,0.0009751975,0.00003275046,0.005701029,0.8571377,0.0001835603],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738655,0.0002311346,0.01793997,0.005596605,0.001477146,0.0001565681,0.000004128055,0.00003193752,0.000696972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787964,0.0002333155,0.00962487,0.0001192141,0.00205404,0.00000883335,0.00003869421,0.00001618848,0.009108422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8562713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1543862929","doi":"","title":"Online Education: Analysis of Interaction and Knowledge Building Patterns among Foreign Language Teachers.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Content analysis; Foreign language; Computer science; Mathematics education; Distance education; Qualitative analysis; Descriptive statistics; Qualitative research; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Paola Celentin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01170453672187807,"gpt":0.3869676930925267,"spread":0.3752631563706486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001331404,0.00009489445,0.0001974602,0.0007885225,0.0001310753,0.00008899736,0.0002552088,0.00006936913,0.0001521496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007799517,0.00009652965,0.0001336702,0.0005088785,0.00008746216,0.0005959515,0.00002551452,0.0003829615,0.000001018059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008123969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005854254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002353568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985915,0.0001667159,0.0005203505,0.0001406245,0.0004353848,0.0001454579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976843,0.0002642498,0.000929515,0.00007101396,0.0009451195,0.0001058187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004753935,0.000617763,0.6774893,0.00001186718,0.000386849,0.000002577573,0.02534843,0.0003029005,0.0004067883,0.01336173,0.0001126898,0.2819116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002627998,0.00007770346,0.6084298,0.0004864935,0.0003979991,0.00001065319,0.3056402,0.0003261385,0.0002362309,0.0002710959,0.08367534,0.0001854671],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785432,0.0006616164,0.01441383,0.0004211742,0.001233577,0.00005652581,0.000003679704,0.00001320604,0.004653244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943112,0.0001811736,0.00295986,0.00002530282,0.001369134,0.000001385217,0.00004792181,0.00001002118,0.001093977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2817261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3936365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164618079","doi":"","title":"Key Issues in E-learning: Research and Practice","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Key (lock); Data science; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Engineering; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Whitney Alicia Zimmerman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07931492180828312,"gpt":0.4613703629689682,"spread":0.382055441160685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004644305,0.00007673944,0.0001258609,0.0004353879,0.0002498827,0.0001719729,0.0003586069,0.0000748363,0.0002518424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01004621,0.00007803174,0.0000352629,0.00034637,0.00020102,0.001070977,0.00004218382,0.001006579,0.00002231406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000257978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009907882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007065938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000310004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973115,0.001039432,0.0003681438,0.0001554078,0.0009007499,0.0002247874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967318,0.0007112419,0.0004292951,0.00005699955,0.001964124,0.0001065047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008876047,0.001385445,0.3069103,0.00001909929,0.000104767,0.00009266624,0.1746651,0.0001515249,0.0004274645,0.3751953,0.002893739,0.1372669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002034803,0.0001663998,0.01223632,0.0001871506,0.000006796534,0.00002978236,0.1309594,0.00001680387,0.00003955566,0.004023998,0.8520463,0.00008403322],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7486538,0.003703389,0.001169954,0.03187948,0.002959478,0.0002060096,7.509504e-7,0.00004492803,0.2113822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833475,0.002035223,0.007001849,0.00004335996,0.001067771,0.000003823538,0.000003114114,0.00001173037,0.006485594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8491526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1495710893","doi":"","title":"A Principled Approach to Facilitating Distance Education: The Internet, Higher Education and Higher Levels of Learning","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; The Internet; Psychology; Humanities; Library science; Sociology; Pedagogy; Computer science; World Wide Web; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Heather Kanuka","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03568792858611121,"gpt":0.3408726414524785,"spread":0.3051847128663673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001051315,0.0001759323,0.0002355284,0.000251033,0.0003297589,0.000247848,0.0005922715,0.00008575698,0.0005712604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001121913,0.0001518408,0.0001087368,0.0004622187,0.0001711178,0.0006294379,0.00006033448,0.0006488329,0.00001702102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003951479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001059673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001225775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003504038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997468,0.0004818241,0.000681658,0.000272748,0.0008583068,0.0002374702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969236,0.0003381931,0.001020044,0.0001366625,0.001418932,0.0001625382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001121449,0.001615132,0.06219004,0.00008891393,0.0001817051,0.000001080846,0.04987355,0.001651926,0.0004333204,0.324503,0.00680733,0.5525419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002211214,0.00009059922,0.03630034,0.0004769794,0.000037615,0.00001345284,0.03649931,0.0002120721,0.00002759515,0.0008609241,0.9250555,0.0002045131],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7307133,0.01000859,0.02167315,0.03330764,0.01249452,0.0008266049,0.00001138404,0.0001016793,0.1908631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.928129,0.0001481963,0.006164263,0.0001989652,0.001760208,0.00002755784,0.00001037638,0.00002017032,0.06354133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9182481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6254901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736222600","doi":"","title":"Towards a Framework for Virtual Internationalization","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Distance education; Political science; Higher education; International education; Sociology; Ligne; Intercultural learning; Humanities; Library science; Pedagogy; Art; Business; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Elisa Bruhn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01671294611441529,"gpt":0.3752442951899677,"spread":0.3585313490755524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009105276,0.0000918716,0.000125376,0.0002253513,0.0001841572,0.0001392607,0.0004655985,0.00008789397,0.0003881021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005960691,0.00007349638,0.0001306166,0.0001474176,0.00009148374,0.000704549,0.00002068453,0.0001830655,0.00001745698],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004691601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00158579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002277162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000393039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983844,0.0001541851,0.0004171826,0.0001414169,0.0007371708,0.0001656407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966658,0.0004886904,0.0007015048,0.00006276609,0.001986717,0.00009456465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001123558,0.0001141066,0.005968978,0.000002592095,0.00005335611,0.000001007547,0.001776442,0.00008341311,0.0002077327,0.6891199,0.001382931,0.3011772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004077643,0.0001202838,0.002112541,0.0004591041,0.00001905825,0.000006560091,0.005175435,0.00003960955,0.0001767047,0.04919483,0.942164,0.0001241197],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04676227,0.0001644165,0.9193652,0.02405434,0.006467224,0.000117722,0.000007724869,0.00003382635,0.003027342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686504,0.000296351,0.02228766,0.0001569524,0.004160228,0.00001232527,0.0000139612,0.00001672309,0.0044054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9407811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7135934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1530981237","doi":"","title":"Acceptance and Resistance to Corporate E-Learning: A Case from the Retail Sector","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Resistance (ecology); Marketing; Survey research; Business administration; Knowledge management; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Lynne Rabak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha Cleveland‐Innes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02192897788403386,"gpt":0.3115460132034958,"spread":0.289617035319462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009822109,0.0001248868,0.0001591336,0.0001075277,0.0005421375,0.0003825085,0.0004071557,0.00006431868,0.0002707235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001516175,0.0001056355,0.00007281642,0.0003011552,0.0001327421,0.0004718236,0.0000370364,0.000575729,0.00001690398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002544101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007581201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006854652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00501602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980813,0.0004175522,0.0004351535,0.0002084527,0.0006551211,0.000202365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973946,0.0004674253,0.0009562141,0.000098066,0.0009682441,0.0001154768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007884945,0.0004530459,0.6757007,0.00001828336,0.0002158377,0.0005960688,0.0255324,0.002920418,0.001285737,0.1697645,0.03343158,0.08929293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002659905,0.00004624752,0.03324077,0.0002076185,0.00002917499,0.00007417457,0.02004796,0.00003929685,0.00004104752,0.004141868,0.9417012,0.0001646989],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665725,0.001397097,0.004235613,0.01869396,0.001669765,0.0001300359,0.000007326357,0.00003335312,0.007260383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822824,0.0001635296,0.004693288,0.0002013776,0.002946035,0.000006324976,0.00001459731,0.00001660114,0.009675835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9082696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4307691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1665201246","doi":"","title":"Use of Instructional Dialogue by University Students in a Distance Education Chemistry Course","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intrapersonal communication; Interpersonal communication; Psychology; Pedagogy; Humanities; Interpersonal interaction; Chemistry; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Paul Gorsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Avner Caspi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Inbal Tuvi‐Arad","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01918704835614266,"gpt":0.3669345652764066,"spread":0.3477475169202639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008115447,0.0001363125,0.0002027566,0.0002096877,0.0000711114,0.00005055198,0.0004559223,0.0000968969,0.0001712026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005719418,0.0001533653,0.00008352385,0.0003337492,0.0001242681,0.0004102298,0.00002845316,0.0007047657,0.000006330678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007298421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008934899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003031836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001821118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982302,0.0003657491,0.0005179443,0.0002086314,0.0005304515,0.0001470003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976831,0.000159083,0.001057995,0.0001284575,0.000908087,0.00006327872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001181417,0.005216799,0.8509837,0.00003986952,0.0003564876,0.00002077165,0.008651976,0.003862357,0.01068381,0.06553556,0.00423848,0.04922875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002100225,0.0001456027,0.7695937,0.0008654558,0.00005233074,0.0001360395,0.01042556,0.00001270333,0.0007162308,0.001651301,0.2139727,0.0003281716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9614577,0.0002682217,0.03318491,0.0007341332,0.003050373,0.00007350194,0.0000170579,0.00001284223,0.001201321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991976,0.00003594452,0.004478685,0.00005884015,0.0003595802,0.000002839207,0.00008914519,0.00001592141,0.002983076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2097342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6254057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622585832","doi":"","title":"The Incorporation of Quality Attributes into Online Course Design in Higher Education.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Online course; Philosophy; Psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Kathleen A. Lenert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diane P. Janes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06755312631622948,"gpt":0.4318388675395702,"spread":0.3642857412233408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002510504,0.00008655089,0.0001546885,0.0001159501,0.0006026907,0.000267478,0.0008241984,0.00006781811,0.00008087564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00362989,0.00007275339,0.00007465433,0.000119508,0.0002682617,0.0008167675,0.00003559098,0.0003653779,0.000004242595],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003419262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005003832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006442694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001816198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979061,0.0005344545,0.0006267625,0.0001178132,0.0006817363,0.0001330765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954286,0.0004586203,0.002130881,0.000168269,0.001748024,0.00006567002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002851826,0.001820546,0.3736904,0.00002418591,0.00009028118,0.000002624137,0.006094124,0.001703762,0.0005116636,0.3120933,0.002753097,0.3009308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004450477,0.00008879069,0.6093875,0.0004294249,0.00002876815,0.000002887536,0.02155316,0.00007564567,0.00009971998,0.02738679,0.3403338,0.0001685229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7984608,0.002829547,0.008563407,0.171102,0.01311492,0.0003553709,0.00000758782,0.00002527225,0.005541141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989513,0.0004151586,0.004581147,0.00006519717,0.001623705,0.000005860796,0.00001918763,0.000008371252,0.003768397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3375807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8876584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2771283635","doi":"","title":"Cultural Communication Characteristics and Student Connectedness in an Online Environment: Perceptions and Preferences of Online Graduate Students","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social connectedness; Context (archaeology); Feeling; Psychology; Perception; Pedagogy; Exploratory research; Distance education; Humanities; Social psychology; Sociology; Social science; Geography; Art","authors":[{"name":"T.C. Green","is_ca":false},{"name":"Malia Hoffmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loretta Donovan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nawang Phuntsog","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05932308665059865,"gpt":0.4202840886253313,"spread":0.3609610019747326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005535054,0.00007715131,0.000152194,0.0001055714,0.0003115029,0.0002659532,0.0005435026,0.00004318183,0.0000312364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000481318,0.00007232685,0.00002390877,0.00003169962,0.000260038,0.0008128061,0.00008070403,0.0003129344,5.213375e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001032884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001805115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002305538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00128809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986734,0.0002481505,0.0003770889,0.0001115847,0.0005006085,0.00008921584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998407,0.00008292715,0.0008839049,0.0001088294,0.0004481643,0.00006914124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000405519,0.0007581231,0.9176789,0.000006738132,0.0000269835,0.000001129381,0.01643454,0.00003440801,0.0002503867,0.001406104,0.000006818658,0.06335531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003118583,0.00007856393,0.931468,0.0002438044,0.0000195585,0.000003345172,0.06462603,0.00007203415,0.000003667815,0.0002643288,0.002839014,0.00006976979],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973819,0.0001874709,0.00006874044,0.001878318,0.0003127045,0.00007499832,0.00001478611,0.000004247196,0.00007681765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940124,0.004121908,0.001345657,0.00001280975,0.0002681926,0.000002169251,0.00008474362,0.000005427091,0.0001467391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06328554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2949404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1570581123","doi":"","title":"Educational Quality Correlates of Online Graduate Management Education","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Distance education; Quality (philosophy); Focus (optics); Computer science; Graduate education; Graduate students; Knowledge management; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Management","authors":[{"name":"Murray R. Millson","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Wilemon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03870964435118721,"gpt":0.3969062081709113,"spread":0.3581965638197241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008779222,0.000115745,0.0001930111,0.0003395978,0.0002620456,0.00004617598,0.0004834645,0.00006239792,0.0002926608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001000472,0.0001198462,0.0001433071,0.0003109978,0.0001894413,0.0005417299,0.00002938587,0.0003909142,0.00001747496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003640263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003836083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002113534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008917946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975246,0.0003075249,0.0007505378,0.0001621006,0.001091308,0.0001639698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996103,0.0002379213,0.0012995,0.0001050245,0.002141904,0.0001126835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002384069,0.00393568,0.3824917,0.00006225629,0.0002915247,0.000005920212,0.01386086,0.001040495,0.0002157862,0.3546725,0.009008924,0.234176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000497314,0.00009766566,0.540221,0.0005551193,0.00006172075,0.000051417,0.04184763,0.00004327012,0.00005260793,0.008755805,0.407555,0.0002614316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.96813,0.0007004608,0.001645192,0.01023813,0.005355669,0.0001311912,0.00000635639,0.00001860534,0.0137744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788108,0.001361935,0.008139863,0.00009046945,0.001774861,0.000006171008,0.00009159129,0.00001291704,0.009711409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.398546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6805046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3196188084","doi":"","title":"Leading the Pandemic Practicum: One Teacher Education Response to the COVID-19 Crisis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Ligne; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Art","authors":[{"name":"Amy Burns","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05881999840763804,"gpt":0.4155024383319094,"spread":0.3566824399242714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003502862,0.00009814433,0.0001162955,0.000108142,0.0006537471,0.0003899799,0.0008063206,0.00005346813,0.0005786015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02100035,0.0000719087,0.00008204936,0.0004046466,0.0001043973,0.0003606479,0.00004012237,0.0005548352,0.0001244304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009755965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005541775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000155366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000993508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971954,0.001029493,0.0004342906,0.0001722181,0.0009926008,0.0001760056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971622,0.0008934111,0.0004582882,0.0001115085,0.001029282,0.0003453233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001014454,0.000785123,0.03164574,0.00001700851,0.0001405882,0.000002322216,0.3300354,0.0006610856,0.0005777479,0.1318405,0.4654197,0.03786027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009628086,0.00003756953,0.004415783,0.00004535948,0.00002437461,0.000009569079,0.0890099,0.000006944366,0.00001329385,0.002559731,0.9036937,0.00008752222],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06498679,0.0003820725,0.0209347,0.9061049,0.003527285,0.000222763,0.000001188511,0.00003564262,0.003804665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9466009,0.0001733687,0.001332576,0.04525249,0.002427136,0.00003071055,0.000005394489,0.00001206196,0.004165395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8816141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9872462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1948657631","doi":"","title":"Disciplinary Differences in E-learning Instructional Design","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Discipline; Mathematics education; Instructional design; Cross disciplinary; Face (sociological concept); Learning design; Psychology; Computer science; Data science; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Glenn Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana Torres-Ayala","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allen J. Heindel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03715436617071587,"gpt":0.3445048881555803,"spread":0.3073505219848645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009697187,0.0001180696,0.0001912845,0.0004044528,0.0004436323,0.00009337298,0.0004461086,0.00008320832,0.0002771859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001331683,0.0001160267,0.00009553242,0.0003439531,0.0001955693,0.0007979436,0.00003368417,0.000782471,0.00001745297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004072158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002050576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008181815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007506157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976535,0.0005373997,0.0005103439,0.0001701406,0.0009071818,0.0002213912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982027,0.0003295243,0.0006261025,0.00005232653,0.0006820707,0.0001072073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002837899,0.000523534,0.8809037,0.000007768278,0.0000715215,0.00007118958,0.0171957,0.007417241,0.0002337615,0.02778286,0.0007766566,0.06473223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001257721,0.0003850838,0.4492824,0.0007490755,0.00003009696,0.0003227314,0.06501995,0.001046093,0.00008841643,0.006148041,0.4751324,0.0005379805],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703123,0.0004275668,0.01629504,0.0040115,0.003032931,0.00009395503,7.719437e-7,0.00003322375,0.005792727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856493,0.0007207182,0.008758583,0.00002590989,0.001678487,0.000005864661,0.000008806234,0.00001246427,0.00313983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4743558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4731432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1552750649","doi":"","title":"Cognitive Presence in A Virtual Learning Community: An EFL Case","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Mathematics education; Divergence (linguistics); Virtual community; Computer science; The Internet; World Wide Web; Linguistics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Sayyed Mohammad Alavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahboubeh Taghizadeh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02381351934942623,"gpt":0.3784836405740294,"spread":0.3546701212246032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001655804,0.0001102638,0.0001586849,0.0003125024,0.0004750596,0.0003187818,0.0004287183,0.00007895182,0.0004437794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004145496,0.0001148828,0.00006511933,0.0002778431,0.0001528733,0.001722823,0.00004250919,0.001492502,0.00003866393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002846161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001012097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002914729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002282852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970536,0.001541458,0.0004407345,0.0001290689,0.0006103845,0.0002247193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970146,0.0007436985,0.0005852063,0.0000697597,0.001436904,0.0001498126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000195051,0.001432835,0.2137763,0.00001363318,0.0001009714,0.0002766784,0.1224072,0.005719209,0.0004231793,0.01759374,0.0004847525,0.6375765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009905283,0.000586836,0.02360784,0.0008950269,0.00003264025,0.0004714881,0.8631657,0.00174963,0.00005218689,0.002014309,0.1060778,0.0003560242],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900538,0.0001229912,0.002752337,0.00170016,0.001044555,0.000123822,0.000001091797,0.00002485831,0.004176378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962763,0.00009536171,0.0006725953,0.00008388596,0.0008832181,0.00001217187,0.00001879568,0.00001429298,0.001943386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7407585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.648426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1841921524","doi":"","title":"Women's Experiences as Distance Learners: Access and Technology","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Qualitative research; Teleconference; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Gender studies; Humanities; Library science; Art; Social science; Engineering; Computer science; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Susan May","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.061892631136854,"gpt":0.4031074148686374,"spread":0.3412147837317834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004526288,0.00009860146,0.0001473812,0.0002841515,0.0003880062,0.0001635162,0.0005482514,0.00006632801,0.0003602176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001633642,0.00009623745,0.00003747213,0.0003654068,0.0006485815,0.000798989,0.00003575219,0.0003260761,0.00001291315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003869329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009795052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000788299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004982984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986358,0.0001388526,0.0003027143,0.0001636598,0.0005542757,0.0002046727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984601,0.0001193847,0.0004694806,0.00006879376,0.0007636597,0.0001186445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006438058,0.0002402437,0.216875,0.000006407198,0.00006526963,0.000009410552,0.7238614,0.00001264175,0.0000313641,0.03842707,0.002933194,0.01747362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001388811,0.00004437883,0.007407611,0.00005887682,0.000004217924,0.00003412198,0.6901838,0.000001766525,0.00002891374,0.001617359,0.300385,0.00009508176],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.945102,0.001677889,0.000838385,0.04481717,0.002506704,0.00006636358,4.403591e-7,0.00003779438,0.004953298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931341,0.001336795,0.0002039014,0.0002391476,0.0007897847,0.00004697402,0.000001522147,0.000008478429,0.004239281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2974518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.394413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1495157902","doi":"","title":"Social Support for Online Learning: Perspectives of Nursing Students","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Online learning; Medical education; Graduate students; Nurse education; Raising (metalworking); Nursing; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; Multimedia","authors":[{"name":"Kim Munich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02339676150634859,"gpt":0.4316605344782065,"spread":0.4082637729718579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00118937,0.0000926703,0.0001958174,0.0002075658,0.0002991759,0.0001015316,0.0004677119,0.00006845072,0.0001049123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002166038,0.00009658231,0.0001618641,0.000144727,0.0001538803,0.0003542812,0.0000162997,0.0003777779,0.000002781291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003482969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007684997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001944513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002401402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981151,0.0002758702,0.0004383269,0.0001379077,0.0008591331,0.0001736573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968931,0.0002433553,0.0009839517,0.0000410313,0.001769186,0.00006935967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005496755,0.003603513,0.1152878,0.0000331144,0.000293676,0.000001800225,0.1275679,0.001440743,0.0009356348,0.1860384,0.003574892,0.5606728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000889066,0.0004201629,0.03630331,0.0003637213,0.00007638588,0.000007490649,0.2113725,0.0001889112,0.00007761132,0.003291114,0.7468202,0.00018953],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555296,0.0002034737,0.02729483,0.007546336,0.002146325,0.0001473534,0.000004431464,0.00002911006,0.007098559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883882,0.00008535219,0.004295058,0.00002664075,0.003259358,0.000002838846,0.00002871933,0.00001521326,0.00389866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7432453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3938513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755649251","doi":"","title":"A Review of Internship Opportunities in Online Learning: Building a New Conceptual Framework for a Self-regulated Internship in Hospitality.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internship; Humanities; Sociology; Political science; Management; Art","authors":[{"name":"Diane M Sykes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Roy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1323102517138288,"gpt":0.4096942063062597,"spread":0.2773839545924309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001868818,0.0004182928,0.001460397,0.001169222,0.00007296923,0.0003439104,0.00133418,0.0002842719,0.00009854354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007241897,0.0004116078,0.0005660761,0.0003654609,0.0001029427,0.001316776,0.0001387471,0.001347212,0.000005882095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000610826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001498564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003489045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008468288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964269,0.0001736935,0.002184568,0.000366766,0.0005584366,0.000289684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916135,0.0004897979,0.006324658,0.0002678388,0.001254215,0.00004996617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001307154,0.001329967,0.009249146,0.04142737,0.0004606473,0.00002342391,0.001991521,0.0000447517,3.005575e-7,0.07534833,0.002984452,0.8670094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003280371,0.00005257841,0.0007226759,0.2379982,0.0002291368,0.00001383031,0.002719657,0.00003369539,2.152907e-7,0.003875524,0.7537293,0.0002971208],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00485271,0.9857111,0.002395913,0.001919864,0.003997312,0.0007548,0.00001092741,0.000030496,0.0003269032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03940059,0.9535945,0.001699143,0.0002355986,0.004012325,0.0000605973,0.0004455223,0.00007322134,0.0004785081],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8667123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1517025999","doi":"","title":"Teacher and Student Behaviors in Face-to-Face and Online Courses: Dealing with Complex Concepts","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Context (archaeology); Face-to-face; Facilitation; Quality (philosophy); Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Face (sociological concept); Pedagogy; Computer science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Catherine E. Cragg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean Dunning","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jaqueline Ellis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02567130466124351,"gpt":0.4009521348352838,"spread":0.3752808301740403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003985854,0.00008621465,0.0001401152,0.0001617168,0.0001807843,0.00007572019,0.0001760849,0.00003677394,0.00005488687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002359341,0.00007981892,0.00002084561,0.0001179764,0.0001381418,0.000288372,0.00002360025,0.0003289662,0.000001507091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001671314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003949965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000204724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008659991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988337,0.0001220764,0.0002710506,0.0001344761,0.0005054761,0.0001332308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991037,0.00009384076,0.0002948137,0.00003712196,0.0003543223,0.0001162566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009244186,0.0003518066,0.929847,0.000003580855,0.00003165335,0.00002486936,0.03768278,0.001986527,0.000205029,0.002188277,0.0001332411,0.02745283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007077608,0.0001969624,0.7265161,0.0003060028,0.00002270307,0.00007596041,0.1644729,0.0001294995,0.00001052267,0.00005173376,0.1073328,0.0001771117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930981,0.0003337249,0.00131014,0.004395098,0.0002687882,0.00009213396,0.000002140629,0.000009443286,0.000490408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953306,0.0003235405,0.003139383,0.00009562865,0.0003763414,0.000002300181,0.000008690094,0.000009469664,0.0007140663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2033309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3254921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145566127","doi":"","title":"The Clash of Cultures: Hybrid Learning Course Development as Management of Tension","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Humanities; Context (archaeology); Sociology; Philosophy; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Peter Cowie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Nichols","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007661828517705207,"gpt":0.346388307480309,"spread":0.3387264789626038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001503803,0.00008571433,0.0001381626,0.00009045147,0.0003617133,0.00007505347,0.0004826697,0.00004540998,0.00008612336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007387229,0.00006606534,0.00009159281,0.0001376385,0.0001621579,0.0002496507,0.00004057412,0.0006029612,0.000008974507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001226864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004561522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000109358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980782,0.0001574671,0.0005481005,0.0001071081,0.0009618843,0.0001472156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969707,0.0001880141,0.001211458,0.00007552326,0.001484835,0.00006953628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003074909,0.0007831754,0.04725829,0.00005131032,0.0004890148,0.00001750389,0.01477198,0.002110509,0.004937396,0.1684645,0.002584006,0.7582248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002532932,0.00006515425,0.01363349,0.0003781011,0.00003694667,0.00001312697,0.04084174,0.00005542608,0.00105338,0.0008812784,0.9426927,0.00009535084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775818,0.0003954798,0.001695978,0.003407097,0.003054778,0.0001063637,6.386568e-7,0.000013824,0.01374405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891251,0.0007042149,0.004729421,0.00002012295,0.0004821137,0.000002875208,0.000008177129,0.000009059521,0.004918917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9401087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2782043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883800397","doi":"","title":"Virtual worlds and gamification to increase integration of international students in higher education: an inclusive design approach","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Educational Games and Gamification","field":"Psychology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Process (computing); Metaverse; Computer science; Knowledge management; Empathy; Pedagogy; Virtual reality; Psychology; Human–computer interaction; Business","authors":[{"name":"Bo Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nigel Robb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joe Eyerman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lizbeth Goodman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03776261818379226,"gpt":0.3971453451402749,"spread":0.3593827269564827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001216801,0.0002105182,0.0002669299,0.0007504314,0.0001581392,0.0003464601,0.001370803,0.0001247052,0.000338888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007163585,0.000216825,0.00007371311,0.0001871536,0.0001296798,0.001111267,0.000114124,0.0003927045,0.00001646263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000485011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006219726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003059178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003701556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973617,0.0003195799,0.0009227379,0.0003971702,0.00082759,0.0001712788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957259,0.0001555651,0.001709379,0.0004166859,0.001805995,0.0001865136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002136396,0.007721497,0.3566459,0.00002482102,0.0003352406,0.000005311227,0.02824097,0.001712866,0.004641225,0.3495737,0.003680133,0.2452819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008388174,0.0002787824,0.9602766,0.0003315876,0.00003946444,0.00004368215,0.01223778,0.0002065017,0.0001405025,0.002039565,0.0233286,0.0002381171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9277184,0.0006162476,0.04018256,0.00785115,0.01121969,0.0006116198,0.00001640209,0.00002097647,0.01176295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837877,0.0001102821,0.007283938,0.0002834915,0.001356474,0.000106809,0.000148099,0.00002805923,0.006895154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6036307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8841866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541659453","doi":"","title":"Online Teaching and University Policy: Investigating the Disconnect","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Humanities; Political science; Context (archaeology); Workload; Face (sociological concept); Sociology; Management; Art; Social science; Geography; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Lori Wallace","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01506371281143556,"gpt":0.3500490750097703,"spread":0.3349853621983348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002179538,0.00005998071,0.00007534107,0.0001692741,0.000581849,0.0001092451,0.0003030158,0.00003543699,0.00001730105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003325055,0.00004974683,0.00004525453,0.0001559888,0.0001568371,0.0004340198,0.00003132185,0.0006406258,0.000001345979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002716667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001019495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005673557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009165013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988605,0.0003106747,0.0002111968,0.00008462014,0.0003952743,0.0001377393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998666,0.0004318124,0.0004334401,0.00004237184,0.0003362231,0.00009017822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004904361,0.0001864801,0.06985356,0.000005361982,0.00006593782,0.00001036512,0.0255504,0.0003093544,0.0003632791,0.4040526,0.0005409043,0.4990127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001712872,0.00003384888,0.03704012,0.0001539173,0.00001580973,0.00001895687,0.1169571,0.00007131424,0.00001179908,0.001855127,0.8435897,0.0000810608],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9487036,0.0001920607,0.007119254,0.03534881,0.0008396937,0.00004502875,0.000001557279,0.00001626447,0.007733746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896042,0.00009052057,0.005721301,0.0001935685,0.002378197,8.459659e-8,0.000005605787,0.000005784375,0.002000763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8430488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4475171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1546762617","doi":"","title":"A Rose by Any Other Name: Still Distance Education--A Response to D. R. Garrison--\"Implications of Online and Blended Learning for the Conceptual Development and Practice of Distance Education\".","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Rose (mathematics); Distance education; Sociology; Pedagogy; Media studies; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Terry Anderson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01709848650512846,"gpt":0.3749813389860449,"spread":0.3578828524809164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001729059,0.000167912,0.0002505239,0.0001851516,0.000387781,0.0001272294,0.0004293167,0.00007460326,0.00003494934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007892214,0.0001529577,0.00006709166,0.0003255413,0.0002719822,0.0005791107,0.0000279392,0.0003673162,0.000001059398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003167244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005308382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007212312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001326451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977165,0.0004466672,0.0007679705,0.0002647702,0.0005898911,0.0002142202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938967,0.001868143,0.001481466,0.0001427167,0.002442816,0.0001681661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003095817,0.002937498,0.03230822,0.0000608753,0.000246149,5.2325e-7,0.07022551,0.001131311,0.004256318,0.1235681,0.008393092,0.7537767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000337285,0.0001880513,0.02722303,0.000378181,0.0000530831,0.00001174433,0.07201409,0.00004711108,0.0001562751,0.0005593102,0.8988722,0.0001596637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7509481,0.01271361,0.1255653,0.1062748,0.001694042,0.001010353,0.00007702879,0.00003884889,0.001677976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720873,0.0005569627,0.0226723,0.0005010908,0.000451975,0.00003702498,0.00003861161,0.00001865982,0.003636128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8904791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9448287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992739404","doi":"","title":"Use of Instructional Dialogue by University Students in a Difficult Distance Education Physics Course","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dialogic; TUTOR; Preference; Mathematics education; Interpersonal communication; Psychology; Reading (process); Course (navigation); Pedagogy; Social psychology; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Paul Gorsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Avner Caspi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samantha Smidt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02409687290429829,"gpt":0.3817950114881798,"spread":0.3576981385838816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001438332,0.0001448881,0.0002173304,0.0002819334,0.00008149322,0.00004914601,0.0004327132,0.00009165076,0.00007893514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000621632,0.0001564936,0.00008380428,0.000499626,0.0001249022,0.0004414689,0.00002884778,0.0007261769,0.000006162384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005497481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004870648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002232848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003977652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978853,0.0005161499,0.0005931663,0.0002092442,0.0006154505,0.000180637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968138,0.000369652,0.001229002,0.0001255055,0.001394025,0.00006805768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008174279,0.002983589,0.8060033,0.00001256636,0.0001836274,0.000009678221,0.005767925,0.0005945009,0.001751721,0.06831935,0.004559419,0.1089969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000774263,0.0001072248,0.8603507,0.0002969407,0.00002964326,0.00003616754,0.007284604,0.00002048144,0.0001255028,0.0004287926,0.1303708,0.0001748537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8579943,0.0001760083,0.1361381,0.0002890695,0.004313265,0.00008436355,0.00001436046,0.00001240415,0.0009781397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906985,0.00002693405,0.005106635,0.00006733641,0.0005887193,0.000001587645,0.00009762545,0.00001723067,0.003395406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1327042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6381623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098176701","doi":"","title":"Culture and Community: Case Study of a Video-Conferenced Graduate Distance Education Program","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Jewish Identity and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Distance education; Judaism; Context (archaeology); Qualitative research; Sociology; Pedagogy; Videoconferencing; Library science; Humanities; Art; Anthropology; Geography; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Linda D Bloomberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03867842269235332,"gpt":0.3982445149928829,"spread":0.3595660923005296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002302031,0.0001019429,0.0001718273,0.0001356136,0.0005812877,0.0002230273,0.0003510519,0.00007064632,0.00001623479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001042375,0.0001024753,0.00007384045,0.0002696571,0.0001997954,0.0006206756,0.00003361981,0.0007178332,0.000001083737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002969029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008047217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004361372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006192038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998024,0.000494907,0.0005114878,0.0001156991,0.0007009413,0.0001529242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996717,0.0002097035,0.0008445412,0.0001035398,0.002002655,0.0001225992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008454452,0.008131206,0.3007587,0.00005774841,0.000241402,0.00005818814,0.4433501,0.00003399566,0.0001593148,0.04813524,0.001029437,0.1979601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005051367,0.0003907707,0.06750242,0.0002726178,0.0000599681,0.0001583976,0.8861865,0.00001406436,0.00002733948,0.002275256,0.04246028,0.00014722],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912668,0.0003654122,0.00229834,0.0004541301,0.001596394,0.0003323183,0.0000018912,0.00001945398,0.003665263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976501,0.0002165142,0.0008788193,0.00004782876,0.0004672075,0.00001440388,0.000009173777,0.000008249986,0.0007076461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4428364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6593119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2475613644","doi":"","title":"The 3 x 2 Achievement Goal Model in Predicting Online Student Test Anxiety and Help-Seeking.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","field":"Psychology","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Competence (human resources); Humanities; Social psychology; Test anxiety; Anxiety; Need for achievement","authors":[{"name":"Yan Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeff Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Li Cao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01374386664390639,"gpt":0.3490831532940382,"spread":0.3353392866501319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009627016,0.0001317671,0.000129391,0.0001550249,0.000148926,0.0001012173,0.0004218755,0.00005096044,0.00005380063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004345276,0.00008828908,0.00005403672,0.0001085908,0.00008567992,0.0002726279,0.00004736961,0.0003011526,0.000005354649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003362343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000269387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000455699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002219633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983592,0.0001350422,0.0006214434,0.000206443,0.0004752942,0.0002025938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998122,0.0004515108,0.0006865222,0.0001407217,0.0005194011,0.00007979451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001001191,0.001002516,0.9470365,0.000003999376,0.00007020461,0.000001455913,0.004662627,0.0001248706,0.000777946,0.00691585,0.0006854252,0.0386185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009368198,0.0001202224,0.9615334,0.0003146206,0.00002106225,0.00002864014,0.01498779,0.0003944165,0.0000189072,0.001013254,0.02050419,0.000126634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785536,0.0008885351,0.007851226,0.008202068,0.003500845,0.0001334757,0.00001263856,0.00001232961,0.0008453144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994301,0.0007631766,0.0003633904,0.0001711358,0.0009948863,0.00002233801,0.00001297002,0.00001709405,0.003354047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03849187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3600324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1662911497","doi":"","title":"What Makes an Effective Virtual Learning Experience for Promoting Faculty Use of Technology","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Web site; Humanities; Library science; Pedagogy; Sociology; The Internet; Computer science; World Wide Web; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Susan E. Gibson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim Peacock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01808781370302469,"gpt":0.3739173633900678,"spread":0.3558295496870431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007486093,0.0001106414,0.0001878517,0.0003154862,0.0003064838,0.0002945488,0.0003529552,0.0001008324,0.00003003394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025925,0.0001101218,0.000102234,0.0002734973,0.0001796454,0.002236524,0.00002382973,0.0004006995,0.000001627081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002417217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000485074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001262505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001587724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983695,0.0002245672,0.0004740929,0.0001855607,0.0005426724,0.0002036156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996753,0.0003182897,0.001059035,0.00006295374,0.001749599,0.0000570825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003024746,0.0007986741,0.1882526,0.00002479067,0.00009455617,0.000006330615,0.03584836,0.01223595,0.009462604,0.08042238,0.0001957083,0.6723556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008372704,0.0009768928,0.02392838,0.001143591,0.00005234999,0.00002981238,0.2470628,0.001562321,0.004816047,0.003122587,0.716103,0.0003649167],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819841,0.0001948992,0.01410499,0.001627993,0.001696806,0.0001949489,0.000002467797,0.00003530102,0.0001585096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908265,0.00007186284,0.00668972,0.00001506314,0.001041245,0.00002298637,0.00003611446,0.0000150035,0.001281464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7159073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4490636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546181404","doi":"","title":"Strengthening Deeper Learning Through Virtual Teams in E-learning: A Synthesis of Determinants and Best Practices","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Social learning; Open learning; Cooperative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Educational technology; Collaborative learning; Learning sciences; Peer learning; Knowledge management; Pedagogy; Computer science; Teaching method; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Joyline Makani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martine Durier-Copp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Deborah Kiceniuk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alieda Blandford","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02609185157610765,"gpt":0.3605736760171671,"spread":0.3344818244410594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001429096,0.0001124582,0.0002109604,0.0002622098,0.0002001676,0.0001359871,0.0003538504,0.00006644967,0.0001320291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01027816,0.00009439098,0.00006592306,0.0001790838,0.0001484566,0.001264976,0.00006429884,0.0003370346,0.000009237831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002399174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002997255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003688511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005091017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981133,0.0003919998,0.000549901,0.0001791183,0.0005731953,0.0001924787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966333,0.001045079,0.001693321,0.00005495553,0.0005121075,0.00006121769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001393239,0.0002473227,0.7276037,0.00001757059,0.00006599579,0.00000832806,0.02578988,0.0002140964,0.0009496408,0.01505856,0.00005281288,0.2298528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002005898,0.0007797966,0.07063506,0.00759839,0.0002058573,0.00004279382,0.4297424,0.0006023393,0.002444237,0.00295538,0.4821512,0.0008366525],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810812,0.0003790626,0.001757032,0.001001602,0.0009069196,0.00007178379,5.407367e-7,0.00001354069,0.01478835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919921,0.001023336,0.0006467357,0.00000871152,0.0005045215,0.000006844309,8.047471e-7,0.00001390612,0.005803043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6569687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}