{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":13,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":13,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0ea802b8004a","filters":{"venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging"}},"results":[{"id":"W2922871176","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2019023","title":"A variational gamma correction model for image contrast enhancement","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Image Enhancement Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Pixel; Gamma correction; Regularization (linguistics); Contrast (vision); Computer science; Benchmark (surveying); Uniqueness; Energy functional; Artificial intelligence; Image (mathematics); Algorithm; Image quality; Function (biology); Mathematics; Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01207813805170176,"gpt":0.2321716633949416,"spread":0.2200935253432398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002906573,0.0001188628,0.0001138567,0.00008216049,0.00009469027,0.0002085871,0.0001821396,0.00002076479,0.0000253772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001434966,0.0001189923,0.00003577011,0.00008424706,0.00002798409,0.001184412,0.000115209,0.00007179139,0.00002354429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005823914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004480238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002537448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003376902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990666,0.00001339102,0.000185476,0.0003463998,0.0001504803,0.0002376696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995031,0.00003394728,0.00009583476,0.0001982025,0.0001269827,0.00004193047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003808292,0.0002309197,0.001620105,0.0002842055,0.00005913932,0.000003938894,0.003867543,0.001657826,0.8179285,0.0470571,0.03153668,0.09571595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005005344,0.00003583162,0.00004029692,0.00004437669,0.000004358253,0.000006660016,0.00001363888,0.9672005,0.02257348,0.007323594,0.002106215,0.0001505302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002621024,0.00003872419,0.9935027,0.0006533231,0.0004153631,0.0006573452,0.00000277587,0.0001659371,0.001942815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4842955,0.00002531763,0.5106173,0.001025308,0.00004735681,0.0002181492,0.000009173865,0.00001490712,0.003747005],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9655427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4852365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013789928","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2020026","title":"Unique determinations in inverse scattering problems with phaseless near-field measurements","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Uniqueness; Scattering; Inverse problem; Inverse scattering problem; Inverse; Field (mathematics); Near and far field; Surface (topology); Mathematical analysis; Boundary (topology); Boundary value problem; Physics; Mathematics; Optics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1271326548530213,"gpt":0.3276563870187518,"spread":0.2005237321657304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007548848,0.000369142,0.0004579646,0.00015563,0.0002055323,0.0002100543,0.0002853643,0.00008523865,0.00008471539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004943753,0.0003360493,0.00006249876,0.0006269279,0.0002371173,0.0006797589,0.0002250477,0.0005277902,0.00001732344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001044259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008728963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003607024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002489124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976,0.0002037589,0.0005951818,0.0006402922,0.0003937017,0.000567096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987304,0.0002728442,0.0002539932,0.0003049856,0.0001343417,0.0003034476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004637758,0.001537875,0.4888375,0.01001348,0.0005782947,0.0005115244,0.07427346,0.005357325,0.2483286,0.007439876,0.01082932,0.1518289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01832432,0.0014353,0.001126479,0.007394904,0.0005880727,0.0003848028,0.005666405,0.6768877,0.05204972,0.1913462,0.03952192,0.005274161],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6967847,0.0003610125,0.259322,0.02042765,0.0004848563,0.004979325,0.00002602026,0.001069352,0.01654512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6103716,0.00005207362,0.3853453,0.003724295,0.00006918278,0.0002472286,0.000004339029,0.0001149956,0.00007102852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6715304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042143729","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2020041","title":"Nonlocal regularized CNN for image segmentation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Softmax function; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Convolutional neural network; Feature (linguistics); Segmentation; Pooling; Convolution (computer science); Image segmentation; Image (mathematics); Computer vision; Artificial neural network","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02611435537777641,"gpt":0.2547765550000879,"spread":0.2286621996223115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006140399,0.00008240224,0.00008245864,0.00002140787,0.000134597,0.0001139995,0.0001758519,0.00001217869,0.00000256338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001512481,0.00008104875,0.000027378,0.0001674972,0.00004578365,0.0006863609,0.000121333,0.00006026442,0.00001225119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001286384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001225265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004898108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.280524e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993215,0.00001163248,0.000132438,0.0003000741,0.00007337618,0.0001609905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996334,0.0000359813,0.00006027706,0.0001340527,0.00004404933,0.00009223101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002243947,0.00004152035,0.00036219,0.0001532115,0.00002115613,0.000009277681,0.002907007,0.001640517,0.6143061,0.04042165,0.01123931,0.3288757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005642745,0.00001990993,0.00002283562,0.000009415166,0.000005293281,0.00000648377,0.00003710094,0.9720115,0.006655465,0.008687613,0.01186646,0.0001136165],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007969807,0.00005954239,0.984719,0.01362128,0.00004218998,0.0004061016,0.000002281173,0.0001375401,0.0002150676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07212665,0.00003332542,0.9230172,0.004510592,0.00009705067,0.0001379498,0.00001022044,0.00001366512,0.00005332612],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.970371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3305072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2608236734","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2017023","title":"Time-invariant radon transform by generalized Fourier slice theorem","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Radon transform; Fourier transform; Mathematics; Fractional Fourier transform; Fourier inversion theorem; Invariant (physics); Mathematical analysis; Discrete-time Fourier transform; Fourier analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01223187604580848,"gpt":0.2101391348969016,"spread":0.1979072588510932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005070736,0.0001847114,0.0001908385,0.00006567728,0.0007856286,0.0003882927,0.0003176182,0.00004764653,0.001045289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002978184,0.0001482742,0.0000610627,0.00003969286,0.0003632928,0.000855559,0.0000262007,0.0001655081,0.0001334984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005386195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002367687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01169293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004176158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988975,0.00004406595,0.0001933639,0.0003277733,0.0001843195,0.0003529669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993165,0.00003044524,0.0001239439,0.0003456412,0.00003255348,0.0001509529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000698622,0.00003433141,0.03543568,0.00008703155,0.0000607173,0.00004165822,0.0017855,0.00005023029,0.005547869,0.0003937524,0.2727424,0.683751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001129157,0.00005342957,0.0013739,0.0001071428,0.00004080746,0.00006695935,0.0001727743,0.5322049,0.005073139,0.008788605,0.4505007,0.0004884665],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5864895,0.00590359,0.008977889,0.0572754,0.001519577,0.001774198,0.000414559,0.001259671,0.3363856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788643,0.00103043,0.007846416,0.007447347,0.0001555692,0.000005000743,0.0001063215,0.00001902406,0.004525585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6832625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048124370","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2020045","title":"A new initialization method based on normed statistical spaces in deep networks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Neural Networks and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Initialization; Computer science; Norm (philosophy); Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Applied mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02316471512978922,"gpt":0.2645463437617822,"spread":0.241381628631993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001068689,0.00009118826,0.0001006116,0.00004351185,0.00006346891,0.0001885346,0.0001487614,0.00001989339,0.00001478866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002035207,0.00008400023,0.00001437428,0.0003587684,0.00001880388,0.0002369969,0.00006988907,0.0001254428,0.000005104482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001113058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002821266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001280261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003805618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992408,0.00005024721,0.0001466306,0.0002896006,0.00009674944,0.0001759638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995761,0.0001086433,0.00004567725,0.0001108786,0.0000170583,0.0001416782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000169164,0.00004382112,0.00477873,0.00004023257,0.000005387935,0.0000321951,0.001324242,0.5717209,0.0003664427,0.07732838,0.005682141,0.3386606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003439503,0.00002497718,0.0004794039,0.00002643795,0.000002867896,0.000001770818,0.00001338619,0.9924737,0.00003064505,0.002943865,0.003558773,0.0001002222],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001894151,0.00004782827,0.9897245,0.009375117,0.00004229444,0.0001618229,8.194077e-7,0.00006034295,0.0003979295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5691754,0.00003063623,0.4215719,0.009058435,0.0001137985,0.00002208264,0.000009032246,0.0000108284,0.000007891912],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.568986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.342543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962906349","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2018029","title":"On a gesture-computing technique using electromagnetic waves","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Gesture; Electromagnetic radiation; Acoustics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008773334623270755,"gpt":0.2100521137315274,"spread":0.2012787791082567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001010257,0.0001410625,0.0001138059,0.0001562875,0.0001376504,0.00006374178,0.00008129409,0.00005440107,0.00001789356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002230963,0.0001338381,0.00002228553,0.0001860565,0.0001189928,0.0001078349,0.0000406439,0.000154247,0.00001046757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003960652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007193136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003077401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004151144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993371,0.00001028554,0.0001417396,0.0001666076,0.00007363717,0.0002705831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997644,0.00001721751,0.00002393911,0.0001279884,0.00003435829,0.0000320782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001028924,0.00003238113,0.002431554,0.000324101,0.0000508503,0.00003171351,0.002169705,0.01071479,0.9386275,0.008297238,0.002227205,0.03508271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002669666,0.00009219626,0.0001798825,0.0002048435,0.00001481567,0.00009122824,0.0001172373,0.8380817,0.151196,0.007773942,0.001656046,0.0003251395],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7714658,0.0005511045,0.2185234,0.0001054788,0.0002796652,0.0004232089,0.000001772952,0.001729768,0.006919749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875189,0.00002820687,0.01220706,0.0001254007,0.00006700758,0.000006239521,0.000001095988,0.0000289903,0.00001707685],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8273669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5457759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963374770","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2019040","title":"Two gesture-computing approaches by using electromagnetic waves","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Trajectory; Electromagnetic field; Gesture; Point (geometry); Field (mathematics); Inverse problem; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01285965478512218,"gpt":0.1924159598792097,"spread":0.1795563050940875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000943091,0.0001558481,0.0001497317,0.000091233,0.0000732288,0.00009035681,0.00009114977,0.00004263463,0.00001846201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006487996,0.0001515598,0.00002730649,0.0001451395,0.00005119216,0.0001933534,0.0000513037,0.000164326,0.00001352045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003459494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006434098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005552243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002648816,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992498,0.00001094359,0.0001585724,0.0001945834,0.00008284065,0.0003033114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999777,0.00001542782,0.00002882,0.0001296533,0.00001458641,0.00003451187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006061437,0.00003983683,0.05525692,0.0008546762,0.0001082132,0.000009348812,0.002955023,0.1510492,0.7154974,0.00319824,0.002452591,0.0685725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003822419,0.00001398817,0.0001171316,0.00005519775,0.00001323424,0.00002487423,0.0003813673,0.9796427,0.01700277,0.000549971,0.001569516,0.0002469881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777772,0.002841435,0.01385203,0.00007208297,0.0001840086,0.0002449147,0.000002164773,0.0006812661,0.004344909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949768,0.00006977947,0.004751638,0.00007060535,0.00002714231,0.000002529726,0.000005769767,0.00003228734,0.00006350544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8285935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6180427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2760554898","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2017044","title":"Multiplicative noise removal with a sparsity-aware optimization model","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Multiplicative noise; Image restoration; Computer science; Speckle noise; Noise (video); Convexity; Algorithm; Noise reduction; Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Image processing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03345752168795616,"gpt":0.26342165127563,"spread":0.2299641295876738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002796908,0.0001274117,0.0001295127,0.00006345719,0.0006389741,0.0006712297,0.0004578749,0.00002334727,0.000002224259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004297225,0.0001054366,0.00002474227,0.0000607185,0.0001346417,0.001597421,0.0003061782,0.0001147723,0.00000402051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001954549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005006212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001635159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006893687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991348,0.00003554148,0.0001105043,0.0003700086,0.0001413061,0.0002078798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990538,0.00001994935,0.0001459799,0.0005528546,0.0001227081,0.0001047086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009672489,0.0001466169,0.007181178,0.0001498009,0.00007070052,0.0003300129,0.01025498,0.8133508,0.01421299,0.007114862,0.0009293832,0.146162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007399798,0.00001505268,0.0001565985,0.00007188653,0.00000936127,0.00006588828,0.00002163708,0.9958168,0.0005906012,0.002059049,0.000287188,0.000165932],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002387834,0.00005589225,0.9936275,0.001193737,0.00004458995,0.0001531817,0.000001416269,0.00007697559,0.002458909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1757987,0.00002826316,0.8232862,0.0004479103,0.00002292143,0.000008504767,0.000001325476,0.00001073288,0.0003953897],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.182466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6472683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788072175","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2018018","title":"Numerical method for image registration model based on optimal mass transport","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Translation (biology); Transformation (genetics); Computer science; Numerical analysis; Image (mathematics); Image registration; Deformation (meteorology); Rigid transformation; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Computer vision; Mathematical analysis; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02898792246777254,"gpt":0.3095170944305808,"spread":0.2805291719628083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002627552,0.0001465452,0.0001586186,0.0000590606,0.00007936222,0.00002664266,0.00006722537,0.0000309996,0.000008367708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000640965,0.00014423,0.00004704357,0.00009749262,0.00006771009,0.0001853001,0.000004627512,0.0001044066,0.000003701962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003736424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001425083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000241353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.141991e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992284,0.00001692338,0.000225791,0.0002081934,0.0001265457,0.0001941575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994837,0.0002053669,0.00004444385,0.0001223346,0.00007526296,0.00006888988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000159897,0.00001515817,0.00001294777,0.0001575512,0.000007587639,0.000001655406,0.0001582544,0.9768333,0.008667986,0.001297543,0.0001855544,0.01264641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003165696,0.00004535888,0.000005885033,0.00004848724,0.00001446359,0.000004313328,0.00001665013,0.9538893,0.003193847,0.04167755,0.0006215114,0.000166125],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000304972,0.00001322146,0.9970437,0.0002401816,0.00009388098,0.0002487161,0.00001072794,0.0001766204,0.001867994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07725027,0.000002660776,0.9223008,0.0002546888,0.000073369,0.00005124103,0.000006837737,0.00003825822,0.00002190512],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0769453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.588153,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2575400867","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2017004","title":"Reducing spatially varying out-of-focus blur from natural image","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Focus (optics); Computer science; Kernel (algebra); Image (mathematics); Image restoration; Frame (networking); Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Mathematical optimization; Image processing; Mathematics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02172331565848595,"gpt":0.2742425411141519,"spread":0.252519225455666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002410779,0.0001912685,0.000229364,0.0000938993,0.0004870068,0.0007910305,0.001027871,0.00003146849,0.000004450537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001899423,0.0001823512,0.00004965919,0.0000634294,0.0002618609,0.003599753,0.0009723343,0.0002455864,0.000006029657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003005919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005358057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001152672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002782196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986777,0.00002471297,0.0002868205,0.0005113048,0.0001963801,0.0003031259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984799,0.00004429629,0.0004218645,0.0008298899,0.0001484914,0.00007555665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006437695,0.00002733823,0.002279861,0.00007535962,0.00001976529,0.00004726686,0.0027593,0.00001489692,0.7081831,0.0007109698,0.000221898,0.2856538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007019056,0.00002697987,0.0008229192,0.0008072619,0.00002177513,0.00001999734,0.0000301178,0.7365271,0.1648465,0.09463479,0.00100901,0.000551722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00965795,0.001039257,0.9842001,0.001526895,0.0005787071,0.0001820272,0.000004056615,0.0003538202,0.002457214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4728372,0.00004261322,0.5269384,0.00008074306,0.00004999344,0.000005894196,9.562585e-7,0.00001234063,0.00003186553],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7365122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7627926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2212438951","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2017038","title":"Data driven recovery of local volatility surfaces","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Volatility (finance); Computer science; Regularization (linguistics); Local volatility; Econometrics; Mathematical optimization; Interpolation (computer graphics); Inverse problem; Context (archaeology); Implied volatility; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05876953942255148,"gpt":0.2953270969739614,"spread":0.2365575575514099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005900737,0.0002429042,0.0003961908,0.0001009875,0.00006227688,0.0001214561,0.000574876,0.0001312768,0.00001858019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008243699,0.0002504283,0.00005718887,0.00003510635,0.000124145,0.0003790678,0.0009180518,0.0004732259,0.000002123832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003466128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003599215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003190328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003546871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988474,0.0000404603,0.0003635802,0.0003819498,0.0001589314,0.0002077371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998348,0.00007775122,0.000123792,0.001304579,0.00006330935,0.00008258034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003044619,0.000005579996,0.003636551,0.001183935,0.00006385625,0.000002532701,0.0001290064,0.9830354,0.0004189358,0.000006321271,0.0006374685,0.0108774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001992064,0.000003910319,0.00142444,0.0004131297,0.00003171771,0.000001919228,0.00002830164,0.9914973,0.0001824226,0.001197279,0.004782187,0.00023812],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5290068,0.005330963,0.4603787,0.0001036462,0.001455289,0.0003869639,0.0005245316,0.0003630949,0.002449975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621133,0.001058753,0.03645172,0.000005833044,0.00007358968,0.000007252285,0.0001628919,0.00004769577,0.0000789324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4331065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392082757","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2024005","title":"A preconditioned alternating minimization framework for nonconvex and half quadratic regularization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Regularization (linguistics); Minification; Quadratic equation; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01496923650323867,"gpt":0.2381613825323262,"spread":0.2231921460290875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006850135,0.00009864591,0.00008890309,0.00009383813,0.00007529656,0.0002223594,0.00002693137,0.0000385212,0.000006908812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002448859,0.0001016594,0.00001886462,0.00007733922,0.00002874875,0.0003126332,0.00001661658,0.00007900919,0.000001204715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001720498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000616694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001509881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003515119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995267,0.000008583447,0.0001381411,0.0001633813,0.00004803188,0.0001151801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997853,0.00006365931,0.00002098776,0.00006991032,0.00002880494,0.00003133578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003469122,0.00006992237,0.003913641,0.006421864,0.0005872792,0.00006511838,0.02376611,0.06229416,0.2060724,0.2127564,0.01736801,0.4666505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009903069,0.00001039896,0.00003614899,0.0006711731,0.00002362113,0.00001663162,0.00006841386,0.9176212,0.00603508,0.07314395,0.002150183,0.0001241494],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03392256,0.00172311,0.9622165,0.0003336636,0.0002913449,0.0003365965,0.000005914636,0.0007018072,0.0004684867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9244102,0.0001767765,0.07506064,0.00009341491,0.0001055327,0.00004656063,0.00002745868,0.00003485103,0.00004460577],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8904876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.414555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944197116","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2020014","title":"Simultaneous reconstruction of emission and attenuation in passive gamma emission tomography of spent nuclear fuel","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","topic":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Attenuation; Iterative reconstruction; Projection (relational algebra); Nuclear fuel; Spent nuclear fuel; Tomography; Nuclear material; Correction for attenuation; Computer science; Nuclear engineering; Algorithm; Environmental science; Physics; Computer vision; Optics; Engineering; Nuclear physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02172772776403339,"gpt":0.2722977474727934,"spread":0.25057001970876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001633997,0.0001666693,0.0003996603,0.0002033945,0.00002710289,0.0000157994,0.00006153103,0.0001181851,0.00002705046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001547203,0.000149269,0.0000674509,0.0001560924,0.0002132465,0.00005863221,0.0002319996,0.0004375782,4.216313e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000334467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005358122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002977064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000238152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987742,0.00003154138,0.0005008816,0.0003807158,0.0001886493,0.000123994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990978,0.00005045607,0.0003698808,0.0002029612,0.0001224008,0.0001565019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001712127,0.0002442595,0.0644936,0.00762713,0.00007281464,0.00004383034,0.003774022,0.00005216663,0.6286125,0.0002039909,0.002037206,0.2926672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004286173,0.0004030608,0.01246068,0.02819134,0.000628266,0.0004282721,0.002082304,0.8646859,0.03899912,0.03613307,0.01073876,0.0009630783],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864604,0.000658961,0.001802371,0.009022152,0.00008354186,0.001173731,0.00002298524,0.00008256938,0.0006932868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803029,0.001815753,0.01759625,0.0001519882,0.00003985303,0.00001594599,0.00003789762,0.00002083986,0.00001862164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8646337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6087012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}