{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"4a88945455ea","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Botany"}},"results":[{"id":"W2041493424","doi":"10.1155/2012/217037","title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5428,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; Oxidative damage; Cell biology; Biology; Second messenger system; Oxidative phosphorylation; Cell damage; Biochemistry; Signal transduction","authors":[{"name":"Pallavi Sharma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ambuj Bhushan Jha","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. S. Dubey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Pessarakli","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02461870138034183,"gpt":0.2436107220983081,"spread":0.2189920207179663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002500557,0.0001104582,0.0002246503,0.00003187579,0.0001049807,0.00003309805,0.0001031741,0.00006398719,0.000167691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004839655,0.00004586903,0.00005068833,0.000132815,0.0000482344,0.0004270602,0.00003515357,0.0001959683,0.000005003827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003556551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001090462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004174829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002636767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990843,0.000154819,0.0002431812,0.00009850894,0.0001873717,0.0002318544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991481,0.0003664372,0.0002648258,0.00002703966,0.00006098406,0.0001326049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002822031,0.0002444423,0.01452729,0.00000288091,0.00006576853,0.0000951078,0.0004589932,0.000006157888,0.9795412,0.003039337,0.0003253551,0.001411285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003126016,0.0001636693,0.979721,0.0000889059,0.00001309477,0.0001744721,0.002481034,0.00001561717,0.01205171,0.002151367,0.002702671,0.0001238524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978896,0.0004660662,0.0000246799,0.0005352486,0.0001016621,0.00007725337,0.0003307269,0.000004844676,0.0005699566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990252,0.0004459353,0.00008459199,0.0001227068,0.0001699062,0.000001416634,0.00001456563,8.494191e-7,0.000134798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9674895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1870485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046142554","doi":"10.1155/2010/763142","title":"Evaluation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity Using Chlorophyll <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:math> Fluorescence Imaging in <i>Lemna gibba</i>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photosystem II; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Lemna gibba; Quenching (fluorescence); Copper oxide; Fluorescence; Chlorophyll; Toxicity; Copper; Materials science; Nuclear chemistry; Biology; Botany; Chemistry; Aquatic plant; Physics; Organic chemistry; Ecology; Optics","authors":[{"name":"François Perreault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdallah Oukarroum","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura Pirastru","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louka Sirois","is_ca":true},{"name":"William Gerson Matias","is_ca":false},{"name":"Radovan Popovic","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02424403183330476,"gpt":0.2676316759082065,"spread":0.2433876440749017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003691707,0.0001334257,0.0001716623,0.00007723775,0.0001903163,0.0001472848,0.0003508632,0.0001004035,0.00009069622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006051405,0.000140052,0.0001507841,0.0002072358,0.0001919805,0.0005400927,0.0001152588,0.0002243824,0.00008869747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002751615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000309959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001114195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009477931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976701,0.0001465164,0.0007313729,0.0002230015,0.0009023648,0.000326674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983575,0.0001949045,0.0007366771,0.0003587499,0.0002196045,0.0001325796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055084,0.0001331797,0.0001371055,0.00002020098,0.00001131019,0.00001485143,0.000222448,0.0004089382,0.8805926,0.117145,0.00005087439,0.001212967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003091804,0.00005076399,0.00148201,0.0001543627,0.0001063676,0.0001143082,0.0001894015,0.2073129,0.7895966,0.0005192466,0.0000581871,0.0001066169],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989435,0.0001797935,0.0001180607,0.0002748392,0.0002904655,0.00004653558,0.00001176001,0.00001557591,0.000119454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942901,0.00003175284,0.005361342,0.00009877707,0.0001685668,0.00001877026,5.473759e-7,0.00002812385,0.000002031589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.206904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5711156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083600974","doi":"10.1155/2010/316356","title":"Endopolyploidy in Bryophytes: Widespread in Mosses and Absent in Liverworts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Bryophyte Studies and Records","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Moss; Biology; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Jillian D. Bainard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven G. Newmaster","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004905446470946184,"gpt":0.1954330192924419,"spread":0.1905275728214957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003547365,0.0000847,0.0002269814,0.00003297497,0.00003047462,0.00002316638,0.000102891,0.00006529182,0.00006527339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007756701,0.00003109916,0.00004768549,0.0002455085,0.00004474755,0.0001167712,0.00004402259,0.0003492738,0.000001495354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002030933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008454047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006586661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03449471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992147,0.00003625151,0.0003412394,0.00010401,0.0001213409,0.0001824701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995812,0.0001779778,0.0001303037,0.00002299195,0.0000302979,0.0000572653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000668477,0.000257157,0.7827337,0.000007610843,0.000008281295,0.0002820408,0.0003399982,0.000005681815,0.1223001,0.0000360994,0.0004053849,0.09355711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002931651,0.0001828235,0.9927791,0.00009280315,0.00000208935,0.00006679426,0.0005844509,0.00001937497,0.0002635406,0.0004263027,0.005210673,0.00007885046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961205,0.001466674,1.250862e-7,0.0009217624,0.001070402,0.00006160277,0.000001765434,0.000002427529,0.0003546994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997734,0.001499386,0.00008190726,0.00006709578,0.0005768036,0.000001328852,9.50251e-8,6.05579e-7,0.00003877795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2100454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9831232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080476146","doi":"10.1155/2010/718013","title":"Identification of Constraining Experimental-Design Factors in Mycorrhizal Pot-Growth Studies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Propagule; Sunflower; Colonization; Greenhouse; Symbiosis; Biomass (ecology); Cultivar; Fungus; Agronomy; Horticulture; Botany; Ecology; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Audet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christiane Charest","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03186775790424281,"gpt":0.2724599335440424,"spread":0.2405921756397995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004857332,0.00007774944,0.0001959767,0.00003333548,0.00005206814,0.00002190044,0.0001346245,0.00005165123,0.0006280803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004800377,0.00003035439,0.00008412178,0.000152656,0.00001295512,0.0001952488,0.00001438588,0.0002159411,0.000009864432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001613117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001100518,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003853181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003837217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990997,0.00007143142,0.0004878198,0.00007590653,0.0001604756,0.0001046911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980146,0.00136402,0.0003934487,0.00002392125,0.0001551882,0.00004880154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003251062,0.00007574935,0.04645362,0.000002012788,0.00001662279,0.000006643647,0.0004211444,0.000003614724,0.9518163,0.0002856337,0.0004803312,0.000405828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001522695,0.0005718358,0.07739988,0.0001495719,0.00002885286,0.0002340409,0.01294954,0.0001105868,0.9058926,0.001561273,0.0007554465,0.0001940844],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983269,0.0004681111,0.00002492629,0.0001400159,0.0007042665,0.00006275762,0.00005733218,0.000004840888,0.0002108286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994184,0.0002177623,0.0001707808,0.00001656124,0.0001327198,0.000001067145,0.00000427389,5.887056e-7,0.0000378921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04592368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6877038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096941864","doi":"10.1155/2010/268540","title":"Determining the Impact of the AM-Mycorrhizosphere on “Dwarf” Sunflower Zn Uptake and Soil-Zn Bioavailability","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Rhizosphere; Biology; Bioavailability; Hypha; Agronomy; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Audet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christiane Charest","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01163232736704392,"gpt":0.2351854028901079,"spread":0.223553075523064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005085824,0.0001151213,0.0001797394,0.000006709893,0.000199152,0.00005832183,0.0003042466,0.00007887614,0.002590459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005618568,0.00002702001,0.0002755862,0.0001465155,0.00002814478,0.0001198839,0.00004503444,0.0005019199,0.00002065339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001477345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002128271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002597352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004787114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991147,0.00009175771,0.0003338552,0.0001008242,0.0002030152,0.0001558325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978687,0.001474741,0.0003364916,0.00009197281,0.000142579,0.00008555433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001334678,0.0001443,0.5688672,0.000002766539,0.00004018432,0.000003968207,0.0001057948,0.00001532602,0.4005447,0.0000720347,0.006144952,0.02392527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007955892,0.0005714241,0.9883746,0.00006098965,0.0000280112,0.0001727779,0.0001316046,0.0001249011,0.002499136,0.0004101552,0.00745591,0.00009096735],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970208,0.0001038,5.419814e-7,0.0006271008,0.0006335846,0.00009009144,0.0001702698,0.000004629849,0.001349162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999315,0.0001129647,0.0000256677,0.00008637571,0.0003254254,6.944996e-7,0.000001837708,9.723904e-7,0.0001311136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4195074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028417417","doi":"10.1155/2012/789879","title":"The Effect of NaCl and CMA on the Growth and Morphology of<i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i>(Kinnikinnick)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Botany","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Federation of Canadian Municipalities","keywords":"Landscaping; Horticulture; Botany; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jane P. Young","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anna M. Rallings","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. Michael Rutherford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annie L. Booth","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004408851843365246,"gpt":0.1997367810196266,"spread":0.1953279291762613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001238259,0.00008544341,0.0001867952,0.00002468962,0.00009211002,0.00001583528,0.000142511,0.0000438776,0.00005282186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001926058,0.00004196825,0.00005253943,0.00007752819,0.0004458491,0.0002040267,0.00008366583,0.0001144397,0.000004085889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000220721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003680681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003710846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004597684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990309,0.000245124,0.0002784714,0.00006442806,0.0002282025,0.0001529098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989046,0.0005151514,0.0003844298,0.0001299706,0.000009824777,0.00005596497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001955799,0.00001695255,0.5193651,0.000009490721,0.00003220257,0.000002257015,0.0001648814,0.000001693952,0.4778315,0.0003745111,0.0002787705,0.001727083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004995526,0.0008426731,0.7684321,0.00003263506,0.0000553539,0.0004917426,0.00009475899,0.000005392526,0.2282345,0.0004085894,0.0008401157,0.00006251789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998269,0.0003601229,0.00001096966,0.000486233,0.0004199418,0.0001009527,0.000002737374,0.000001722995,0.000348354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996303,0.0001607183,0.00007056488,0.00004121376,0.00008406919,0.00000120921,3.891059e-8,0.000006540204,0.000005367492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.249597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1711415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}