{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":876,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":876,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"7ace423b1177","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Climate"}},"results":[{"id":"W2151328940","doi":"10.1175/jcli3800.1","title":"Climate–Carbon Cycle Feedback Analysis: Results from the C4MIP Model Intercomparison","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Victoria","funders":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","keywords":"Environmental science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate change; Climatology; Carbon cycle; Climate sensitivity; Climate model; Greenhouse gas; Transient climate simulation; Atmospheric sciences; Land use, land-use change and forestry; Climate commitment; Global warming; Effects of global warming; Land use; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Cox","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Betts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Werner von Bloh","is_ca":false},{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricia Cadule","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott C. Doney","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Inez Fung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Govindasamy Bala","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmin G. John","is_ca":false},{"name":"﻿Colin Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fortunat Joos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomomichi Kato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Kawamiya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wolfgang Knorr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Lindsay","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Damon Matthews","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Raddatz","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. J. Rayner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian H. Reick","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Roeckner","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. G. Schnitzler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reiner Schnur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kuno Strassmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew J. Weaver","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chisato Yoshikawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Zeng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007348996775340297,"gpt":0.2181440434887551,"spread":0.2107950467134148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005056449,0.001595696,0.001076667,0.001124157,0.0009559696,0.001333874,0.001503412,0.001859169,0.002831576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006190602,0.000566007,0.0021029,0.001413078,0.0007307805,0.002031448,0.001229986,0.001265361,0.0003739906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001553424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001185034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04241863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01825308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990281,0.0005039784,0.00005947052,0.0002061667,0.0001034308,0.00009895324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996057,0.002439679,0.0003005262,0.0003888746,0.0006523936,0.0001615079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001609756,0.0006910866,0.06603678,0.0003613307,0.001445877,0.0003296355,0.0003174025,0.8983914,0.004413745,0.001871995,0.007275225,0.01725571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008735243,0.0004889767,0.05021979,0.00004752099,0.0005901922,0.00004480819,0.0003743327,0.9369321,0.00521927,0.002085436,0.002979666,0.0001443655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887739,0.0002702455,0.001922543,0.0004474031,0.00008937837,0.00005537781,0.003871182,0.001075198,0.003494781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942045,0.00006198155,0.002149295,0.00009471314,0.00002403486,0.00007544229,0.002764753,0.000135708,0.000489593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04241863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08434343,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003164867","doi":"10.1175/jcli3629.1","title":"GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and Simulation Characteristics","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1723,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory","keywords":"Climatology; Climate model; Environmental science; Equator; Geophysical fluid dynamics; Atmospheric model; Longitude; Latitude; Zonal and meridional; Atmospheric models; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Atmospheric circulation; Atmosphere (unit); Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Geodesy","authors":[{"name":"Thomas L. Delworth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony J. Broccoli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Rosati","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronald J. Stouffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Balaji","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. A. Beesley","is_ca":false},{"name":"William Cooke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith W. Dixon","is_ca":false},{"name":"John P. Dunne","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. A. Dunne","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Durachta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kirsten L. Findell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Ginoux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anand Gnanadesikan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen M. Griffies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rich Gudgel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isaac M. Held","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard S. Hemler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Larry W. Horowitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen A. Klein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas R. Knutson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Kushner","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. R. Langenhorst","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyun-Chul Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shian-Jiann Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jian Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergey Malyshev","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. C. D. Milly","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Ramaswamy","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. L. Russell","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. D. Schwarzkopf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena Shevliakova","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Sirutis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Spelman","is_ca":false},{"name":"William F. Stern","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Winton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew T. Wittenberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Wyman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanrong Zeng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01799500821761203,"gpt":0.2601181664323735,"spread":0.2421231582147614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001047569,0.00149199,0.000519445,0.0005933882,0.0004529525,0.001188656,0.001832137,0.001046341,0.004348414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002590138,0.0006968639,0.0007150168,0.001382369,0.0003546666,0.001302096,0.0007460386,0.001202983,0.001634099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001528446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05324154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02763943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996247,0.0001294842,0.00002467114,0.00005708468,0.0001200764,0.0000438473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993855,0.0001995964,0.00005254872,0.0000991572,0.0002089639,0.00005423303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001075865,0.00006036554,0.003518414,0.0000706538,0.00007250279,0.000047691,0.00002793827,0.9551952,0.001221088,0.006562668,0.01884336,0.01427247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009978817,0.00001677322,0.001434674,0.00001228619,0.00002054338,0.00001258446,0.0000136449,0.9802886,0.001230297,0.002178613,0.01466928,0.00002285092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.243615,0.002157486,0.4418877,0.004159032,0.001307908,0.001624548,0.1423078,0.01843615,0.1445044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6934504,0.001410723,0.1965135,0.0009142922,0.000394404,0.002337761,0.08123727,0.003452068,0.02028959],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05324154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1058633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1907702319","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-14-00754.1","title":"Bias Correction of GCM Precipitation by Quantile Mapping: How Well Do Methods Preserve Changes in Quantiles and Extremes?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1603,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Quantile; Precipitation; Environmental science; Climatology; Downscaling; Econometrics; Climate model; Extreme value theory; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate change; Statistics; Meteorology; Mathematics; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Alex J. Cannon","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. R. Sobie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Trevor Q. Murdock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1014407629127758,"gpt":0.3358840419479325,"spread":0.2344432790351567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005204211,0.000365184,0.000430193,0.0005915753,0.0002198496,0.0008972543,0.0006153109,0.000422108,0.0009232078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01945329,0.0001593191,0.0003769281,0.001166377,0.0004277181,0.0008500743,0.0005196017,0.0006043187,0.000255862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004548234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005241258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004809052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002689131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998867,0.0005766833,0.00005443324,0.0002250586,0.0002154776,0.00006131871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950976,0.002520329,0.000627452,0.0009592336,0.0007343468,0.00006115832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004264562,0.00008820427,0.09679736,0.0002328503,0.0004449052,0.00008481049,0.0003219674,0.3192589,0.01268648,0.01102764,0.003297726,0.5553327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003712043,0.0000692058,0.04186687,0.00006445875,0.00004729126,0.0000666974,0.0001369467,0.9344617,0.009983653,0.00892324,0.004300167,0.00004268903],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3140185,0.001188168,0.6790959,0.001026209,0.0001661697,0.0000580791,0.0005127479,0.001495257,0.002438931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8605892,0.0003244992,0.1376106,0.0001535597,0.00007568548,0.00003607519,0.0003700754,0.0002547338,0.0005854897],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005204211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02752286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970103377","doi":"10.1175/jcli-3318.1","title":"Trends in Total Precipitation and Frequency of Daily Precipitation Extremes over China","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1416,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; China; Climatology; Environmental science; Yangtze river; Southern china; Chine; Trend analysis; Drainage basin; Geography; Physical geography; Geology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Panmao Zhai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hui Wan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaohua Pan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01441779589503906,"gpt":0.2672580429809082,"spread":0.2528402470858691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004810649,0.0003291612,0.0002852975,0.001910332,0.0002081554,0.0004634351,0.0002224675,0.0001218395,0.000581608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006433669,0.0001523362,0.0002415578,0.00273253,0.0001372156,0.0003102272,0.0003549114,0.0001641117,0.0001118099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006540137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006127231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03146013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03759383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997717,0.00001819896,0.00002559035,0.00007195235,0.00007619116,0.00003642211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993767,0.00006066747,0.0001809806,0.00004793204,0.0002404425,0.00009328406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006899087,0.00001628373,0.9837999,0.0000616978,0.000190628,0.00007368909,0.000122236,0.002756545,0.001934995,0.0001389255,0.000975424,0.009860696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002487421,0.000009533958,0.998288,0.000001759474,0.00001042103,0.00001105062,0.00001905433,0.001068792,0.0001084555,0.00001522854,0.0004622342,0.000003051569],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933515,0.0001831774,0.0002460707,0.00002615476,0.000004014342,0.000006280778,0.005515273,0.00003378138,0.0006337088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918348,0.0001062011,0.0002256995,0.00001196831,0.000009169493,0.00001349096,0.007412031,0.000003849818,0.0003828807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03146013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06255406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148195638","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00502.1","title":"Global Increasing Trends in Annual Maximum Daily Precipitation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Precipitation; Climatology; Environmental science; Equator; Latitude; Zonal and meridional; Tropics; Mean radiant temperature; Extreme value theory; Climate change; Mathematics; Statistics; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Seth Westra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa V. Alexander","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0166645662590649,"gpt":0.2837312454499626,"spread":0.2670666791908977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000860751,0.0002173889,0.0003053213,0.001550679,0.0001307633,0.0005851506,0.0001721681,0.0001844812,0.001073927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001918025,0.00009746823,0.0003357758,0.002559967,0.0002037177,0.0005298503,0.0004011446,0.0002356053,0.0002504058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002610469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001860265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003264896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003929296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996809,0.00005892904,0.00003974968,0.0001231583,0.00005824028,0.00003898443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984649,0.0002907219,0.0006586651,0.0001477835,0.0003552569,0.00008256167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005292119,0.000008357606,0.9885105,0.00007461995,0.0001620196,0.00005727839,0.0000949484,0.0009263189,0.001214065,0.0001530941,0.000804705,0.007941048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000161768,0.00001736098,0.9982128,0.000009419191,0.00001671299,0.00004900825,0.00006116913,0.0005147894,0.0001479003,0.00003388279,0.0009327846,0.000002583979],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872999,0.001035432,0.0007483896,0.0002042545,0.00002552929,0.000008231448,0.008513885,0.00005299735,0.002111485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939247,0.0002815693,0.0005427334,0.0000352172,0.00002874959,0.000006591828,0.005033737,0.000007686809,0.0001389319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003264896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00649178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124731444","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00558.1","title":"Climate Change from 1850 to 2005 Simulated in CESM1(WACCM)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stratosphere; Troposphere; Climatology; Environmental science; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Coupled model intercomparison project; Atmosphere (unit); Ozone layer; Climate change; Precipitation; Montreal Protocol; Sudden stratospheric warming; Atmospheric model; Meteorology; Polar vortex; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"D. R. Marsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Mills","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas E. Kinnison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Lamarque","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalia Calvo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lorenzo M. Polvani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01851152792610243,"gpt":0.2398733053617263,"spread":0.2213617774356238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009420543,0.0006207497,0.0006367192,0.000541711,0.0005897715,0.0009779087,0.001116901,0.00114921,0.001948911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001921332,0.0003685715,0.001035568,0.001914555,0.000439276,0.0005270085,0.000380192,0.0007854702,0.0004775476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002509411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001315326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.168382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1008407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997336,0.00008917935,0.00001595945,0.00007439051,0.00003402518,0.00005279939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992393,0.0001956044,0.0001248831,0.0001230612,0.0002320865,0.00008517042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004216564,0.0001996716,0.1306764,0.00009902508,0.0005077873,0.0001754586,0.00007774978,0.854338,0.001046886,0.001304628,0.00812846,0.003024406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041758,0.0001786273,0.2491914,0.00003393799,0.0002268521,0.00007257462,0.0001720713,0.7401593,0.002013548,0.0006169372,0.006819001,0.00009824592],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799051,0.0001109937,0.0006757563,0.0002679426,0.00004810158,0.00002281823,0.01653348,0.0001713513,0.002264468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845592,0.00005929595,0.0007874321,0.0000786621,0.00001878587,0.0000421076,0.01390009,0.0000300943,0.000524301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.168382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3348038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048217351","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00579.1","title":"Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle Feedbacks","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Representative Concentration Pathways; Context (archaeology); Radiative forcing; Climatology; Greenhouse gas; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Earth system science; Carbon cycle; Climate change; Forcing (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Geology; Ecosystem; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Malte Meinshausen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vivek K. Arora","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Anav","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spencer Liddicoat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reto Knutti","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005066426600149592,"gpt":0.2172275832992844,"spread":0.2121611566991348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002726507,0.00113378,0.0002811275,0.0008126357,0.0003508889,0.001383007,0.0006859233,0.0008917086,0.001708748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005429775,0.0005158733,0.0008795945,0.001290136,0.0003668009,0.00129745,0.0006638061,0.0006702234,0.0003440808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002033392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007951486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02283324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01028987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990841,0.0003859326,0.00006224906,0.0001782861,0.0001988745,0.00009052263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984583,0.0006622038,0.0002360108,0.0001699381,0.0004088064,0.0000647028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002986991,0.00002796922,0.06330003,0.0001110585,0.0003165192,0.0001174894,0.00005633152,0.9160077,0.002648972,0.004048311,0.002927811,0.0101391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009771338,0.0001003386,0.08814719,0.0001592213,0.0002017962,0.00009516101,0.0001956852,0.8784655,0.01074185,0.009789377,0.01185127,0.0001548591],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9507129,0.0008507497,0.01653327,0.001365943,0.0002011488,0.0000339922,0.01521072,0.0008470378,0.01424416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99511,0.0001542165,0.001584426,0.00009962359,0.00001848939,0.00001896051,0.002790367,0.00004241268,0.0001814932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02283324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04540062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131957523","doi":"10.1175/jcli4066.1","title":"Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the IPCC Ensemble of Global Coupled Model Simulations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine; Office of Science; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Climatology; Precipitation; Environmental science; Climate extremes; Climate model; Climate change; Subtropics; Snow; Atmospheric sciences; Global warming; Latitude; Sea surface temperature; Ensemble average; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Viatcheslav Kharin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gabriele C. Hegerl","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02277866105832734,"gpt":0.2897816007186385,"spread":0.2670029396603111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002004647,0.001133054,0.0009480023,0.0008517328,0.0006859279,0.001278954,0.001125604,0.001301571,0.002107954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003447106,0.0005774157,0.001336263,0.001854113,0.0003356271,0.00151355,0.0007014394,0.001298738,0.0005080965],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00138737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001386112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05971035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03075122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992834,0.0003189848,0.00004536207,0.0001516952,0.0001181391,0.00008240915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991475,0.000325865,0.00008505327,0.0001192572,0.000243916,0.00007832591],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001426596,0.000082011,0.01310766,0.00005684346,0.0003410146,0.00007737362,0.00001926748,0.9713727,0.0002705567,0.001029383,0.00760259,0.005897867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001408503,0.00004965427,0.01369265,0.00002372068,0.0001040459,0.00001147245,0.00001993447,0.9817989,0.0003621077,0.001242544,0.002511336,0.00004273429],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8541235,0.00121539,0.02295117,0.001147035,0.0007717542,0.0003265755,0.09283278,0.00197606,0.02465567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615874,0.000409406,0.007210574,0.0002054885,0.00009215528,0.0004815182,0.02848906,0.0001413791,0.001383045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05971035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1187256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127599527","doi":"10.1175/jcli3689.1","title":"Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1027,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Climatology; Thermohaline circulation; Intertropical Convergence Zone; Environmental science; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation; Climate model; Ocean current; Northern Hemisphere; General Circulation Model; Climate change; Tropical Atlantic; Representative Concentration Pathways; Southern Hemisphere; Hindcast; North Atlantic Deep Water; Meteorology; Geology; Oceanography; Sea surface temperature; Precipitation; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Ronald J. Stouffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianjun Yin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan M. Gregory","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith W. Dixon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Spelman","is_ca":false},{"name":"William J. Hurlin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew J. Weaver","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gregory M. Flato","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hiroyasu Hasumi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aixue Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johann Jungclaus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Igor Kamenkovich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders Levermann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marisa Montoya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shigenori Murakami","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Nawrath","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akira Oka","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Y. Robitaille","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrei Sokolov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guido Vettoretti","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. L. Weber","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01920879907668612,"gpt":0.2560776184324569,"spread":0.2368688193557707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001135635,0.0003197634,0.0002912801,0.0004404872,0.0003768925,0.0008720675,0.0005851411,0.0008680605,0.001336925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003776256,0.0002429869,0.0009374999,0.0003870879,0.0004641053,0.0007651271,0.0004993713,0.0006604837,0.0001290282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008363776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004584027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01838397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009648781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997575,0.00007452613,0.00002018432,0.0000746586,0.000032305,0.00004088442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989614,0.0005445046,0.0001651206,0.00009477813,0.0001512948,0.00008289739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005258177,0.0003341296,0.4870014,0.0001530242,0.0008730504,0.0004177802,0.0002684543,0.4673368,0.02747806,0.002637347,0.001573362,0.01140074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005569199,0.0001471234,0.3391297,0.00002093601,0.0001211839,0.00005228526,0.0002851529,0.6543936,0.004067771,0.0009947771,0.0006930474,0.00003879745],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997689,0.00007834385,0.0006536809,0.0002351337,0.00002230607,0.00001130613,0.0003154175,0.00003276689,0.0009620775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995264,0.00003229744,0.0001635095,0.00001920326,0.000007028827,0.000006009781,0.000133569,0.000008299226,0.0001037842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01838397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03655392,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086925429","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00494.1","title":"Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":748,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Earth system science; Climate model; Carbon fibers; Carbon cycle; Climatology; Atmosphere (unit); Greenhouse gas; Atmospheric sciences; Forcing (mathematics); Climate change; Climate system; Climate sensitivity; Flux (metallurgy); Positive feedback; Carbon flux; Radiative forcing; Meteorology; Geology; Computer science; Chemistry; Oceanography; Ecosystem; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Vivek K. Arora","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. J. Boer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"James R. Christian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon B. Bonan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricia Cadule","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomohiro Hajima","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Ilyina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Lindsay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry Tjiputra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tongwen Wu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004917917246455964,"gpt":0.1849220635783213,"spread":0.1800041463318653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001845571,0.0008862486,0.0005006865,0.001014697,0.0004932898,0.0009597021,0.001034424,0.0008259979,0.001078762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004344958,0.0004844206,0.0008627907,0.001143188,0.0004238599,0.00116104,0.0006473193,0.000573662,0.0001110194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001824166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006684962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05322687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0264157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996018,0.0001719101,0.00003434853,0.00008044121,0.0000621,0.00004953689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987265,0.0007407535,0.0001478855,0.00009709777,0.0002034348,0.00008428924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000133827,0.00003901104,0.02713439,0.00005684264,0.0001961008,0.00004173811,0.00005573283,0.9660689,0.001430756,0.001733706,0.0006893612,0.00241967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000558834,0.00004218707,0.01919941,0.0000147253,0.00006343015,0.00001378647,0.00003920196,0.9776393,0.0009187385,0.001388485,0.0005989508,0.00002578512],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859628,0.0004074175,0.006112207,0.0003485787,0.00003852342,0.00004020319,0.003354638,0.0004890071,0.003246627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997014,0.00007947811,0.001592457,0.00003374429,0.000006341259,0.00002559325,0.00105086,0.00003214993,0.0001654319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05322687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1058341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074063924","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-11-00375.1","title":"Precipitation Climatology in an Ensemble of CORDEX-Africa Regional Climate Simulations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":684,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Centrum fÖr Personcentrerad Vård; University of Delaware; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Goddard Space Flight Center; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Downscaling; Climatology; Precipitation; Climate model; Diurnal cycle; Environmental science; Climate change; Annual cycle; Magnitude (astronomy); Meteorology; Geography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Grigory Nikulin","is_ca":false},{"name":"﻿Colin Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filippo Giorgi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ghassem Asrar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthias Büchner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruth Cerezo‐Mota","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ole B. Christensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michel Déqué","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jesús Fernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Hänsler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erik van Meijgaard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick Samuelsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laxmi Sushama","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04598357795504868,"gpt":0.3091337343825313,"spread":0.2631501564274826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008767316,0.0006018211,0.0006090091,0.0005993893,0.000439532,0.0007072503,0.0005582588,0.0004937255,0.000773438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001831055,0.0002359749,0.0004932224,0.0007097056,0.0001948568,0.0005597824,0.0004267508,0.0003720027,0.0001034685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00125745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008151127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07241835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04367598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997923,0.00006748204,0.00001440888,0.00005803008,0.00003529986,0.00003253821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993945,0.0001970344,0.00007135446,0.00009764147,0.0001864205,0.00005302001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002367993,0.00009803399,0.05844672,0.00003773608,0.0002548134,0.0001599852,0.00003959115,0.9285852,0.001412548,0.0005048665,0.001043621,0.009180031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006565401,0.00007019547,0.02666263,0.00001171673,0.00006329905,0.00002429164,0.00003089003,0.9706017,0.001207442,0.0001970651,0.001048232,0.00001691638],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953179,0.0001436316,0.00117094,0.00007679368,0.00001855524,0.00002795507,0.001446387,0.0001168208,0.00168105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949196,0.00007445912,0.002670513,0.00002155832,0.000009093445,0.00003224217,0.001929769,0.00001788224,0.0003249013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07241835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1439936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108165704","doi":"10.1175/2010jcli3772.1","title":"Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: The Main Driver of Twentieth-Century Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Southern Hemisphere","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":663,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hadley cell; Ozone depletion; Climatology; Tropopause; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Polar vortex; Ozone layer; Southern Hemisphere; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Jet stream; Northern Hemisphere; Greenhouse gas; Stratosphere; Ozone; Climate change; General Circulation Model; Geology; Meteorology; Jet (fluid); Geography; Oceanography; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Lorenzo M. Polvani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darryn W. Waugh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gustavo Correa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seok‐Woo Son","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008639070004875592,"gpt":0.2137989846750234,"spread":0.2051599146701478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002409905,0.0001601077,0.0001427906,0.0004706373,0.000209277,0.0004310429,0.0001513266,0.0002015786,0.0009621576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005952119,0.00006541977,0.0002151161,0.0006901089,0.0001317047,0.0002961705,0.000296186,0.0002037146,0.00007363472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000625095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003570065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04392651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04677192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999604,0.000006403466,0.000001801106,0.00001001277,0.00000789904,0.00001355333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998209,0.00002480126,0.00008584178,0.000009235852,0.00003227844,0.00002704457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002519534,0.00003397312,0.9691215,0.0001019496,0.0001701288,0.0003089487,0.0002253872,0.005364749,0.0102025,0.0008321194,0.001047134,0.01233966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009432877,0.00001217991,0.9958989,0.000008348926,0.00002552462,0.00002755817,0.00006832091,0.002470656,0.0004810953,0.0001363628,0.0008578399,0.000003749325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997334,0.0007365119,0.0001776006,0.0002755892,0.00001121704,0.000003332753,0.0006159817,0.00001122029,0.0008345956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999049,0.0003261397,0.00005904296,0.00002163025,0.00001525083,0.000002409603,0.0003596624,0.000001813106,0.0001648992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04392651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08734167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086393147","doi":"10.1175/2008jcli2665.1","title":"The Response of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover to a Changing Climate*","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":642,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ouranos","funders":"","keywords":"Snowpack; Snow; Northern Hemisphere; Precipitation; Climatology; Environmental science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate change; Snow cover; Snow line; Elevation (ballistics); Snow field; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Physical geography; Geology; Geography; Meteorology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Ross Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip W. Mote","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01624842672913928,"gpt":0.2480213019112704,"spread":0.2317728751821311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008915127,0.0003260097,0.0002661818,0.0003097178,0.0002380559,0.0006114087,0.0002196964,0.0002796972,0.001092706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001583615,0.0001444113,0.0006169254,0.0003742945,0.0001625092,0.0003236888,0.0003339674,0.0002300821,0.0001604513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006941053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002350471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02287438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01208839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997538,0.00008259188,0.00001357015,0.00006979225,0.00003425168,0.00004605316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994398,0.0002448187,0.0001005345,0.00007332831,0.00007767129,0.00006378266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007619486,0.0001746874,0.6992179,0.00008180517,0.0008576883,0.000411171,0.0001770367,0.2610292,0.02457139,0.000460293,0.002011745,0.01024528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003134941,0.0002084155,0.8377562,0.000008759455,0.00007497617,0.0001312255,0.0001594317,0.1546309,0.005460566,0.0004425385,0.001069112,0.00002667037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975644,0.00004908584,0.000323464,0.00006892814,0.000008121838,0.000009286591,0.0009691836,0.00005133718,0.0009561746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993035,0.00001220705,0.00006567893,0.00001650338,0.000002814692,0.000003342479,0.0004947264,0.000004496806,0.00009670387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02287438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04548246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179906961","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0606:oioasa>2.0.co;2","title":"Observed Impact of Atlantic SST Anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":596,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"North Atlantic oscillation; Climatology; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Atlantic Equatorial mode; Gulf Stream; Oceanography; Geology; Tropical Atlantic; North Atlantic Deep Water; Atlantic hurricane; Environmental science; Sea surface temperature; Thermohaline circulation; Tropical cyclone","authors":[{"name":"Arnaud Czaja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claude Frankignoul","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05164139462632161,"gpt":0.2551918020241718,"spread":0.2035504073978502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003065176,0.0001416336,0.0001400333,0.0002701593,0.0002216086,0.0004804014,0.0001399068,0.0001885494,0.001931497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002308727,0.0001270469,0.0001712875,0.0004860022,0.0001971961,0.0002645378,0.0004006934,0.0003276277,0.0001952325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004654151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002443826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01393962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02761324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998357,0.00002764893,0.00001778907,0.00004484369,0.00004318268,0.00003086089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988034,0.0004213999,0.0003854582,0.0001167542,0.0001602996,0.0001128283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001923196,0.00002984973,0.979596,0.00002282502,0.00007572394,0.0001053476,0.00009919487,0.0007271201,0.01093515,0.0001790693,0.0004365138,0.007600847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002108546,0.00001082897,0.9992732,0.000001403853,0.000004925752,0.00001180683,0.00001874358,0.0002342641,0.000217739,0.00001686256,0.0002065154,0.000001564503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976383,0.00008248041,0.00006316067,0.00009621378,0.000009673752,0.00000206743,0.0007510697,0.00001204423,0.001345098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992079,0.00005661094,0.0000332691,0.00001873778,0.000008210096,0.000001579279,0.0005215215,0.000003291248,0.0001488834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01393962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02771693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174215247","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2671:taortt>2.0.co;2","title":"The Arctic Ocean Response to the North Atlantic Oscillation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":592,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of East Anglia; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"North Atlantic oscillation; Climatology; Arctic sea ice decline; Arctic dipole anomaly; Arctic; Arctic ice pack; Sea ice; Environmental science; Arctic oscillation; Oceanography; Arctic geoengineering; Subarctic climate; Precipitation; Storm track; Geology; Northern Hemisphere; Storm; Antarctic sea ice; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Robert R. Dickson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy J. Osborn","is_ca":false},{"name":"James W. Hurrell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Meincke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johan Blindheim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bjørn Ådlandsvik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Torgny Vinje","is_ca":false},{"name":"Г. В. Алексеев","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wieslaw Maslowski","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008089512454783667,"gpt":0.2160203117496904,"spread":0.2079307992949067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004134416,0.0001311498,0.0001721718,0.0003089377,0.000379686,0.0006790956,0.0001232937,0.0002339105,0.0008722674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001653253,0.000091586,0.0001985089,0.0003935497,0.0001678656,0.0001674245,0.0005422857,0.0002282334,0.0002256428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004224938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003988683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02514762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0378378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997517,0.00007956428,0.00001868654,0.00004959552,0.00004718647,0.00005320386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995498,0.00007466459,0.0001355712,0.00004510851,0.0001312251,0.0000636586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007290507,0.00008580458,0.9362144,0.0001027819,0.0002932283,0.0003298124,0.0009921601,0.005709569,0.02412976,0.0006374662,0.002552623,0.02822321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005644196,0.00003863882,0.9956987,0.00001160681,0.00001747161,0.00004262647,0.0004266005,0.001006831,0.0003758823,0.0001199694,0.002249409,0.000006742076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950615,0.0002633696,0.00009726876,0.0002494765,0.00003174528,0.00000442202,0.0007251278,0.00001128647,0.003555786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982811,0.0003038295,0.00006847141,0.00007520845,0.00002291463,0.000005161477,0.0007248509,0.00000473324,0.0005136987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02514762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05000246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168288884","doi":"10.1175/jcli3538.1","title":"Effects of Temperature and Precipitation Variability on Snowpack Trends in the Western United States*","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":581,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean","keywords":"Snowpack; Climatology; Environmental science; Precipitation; Pacific decadal oscillation; Snow; Snowmelt; Cru; Latitude; Climate change; Longitude; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Geography; Meteorology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Alan F. Hamlet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip W. Mote","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martyn Clark","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dennis P. Lettenmaier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01108813599786154,"gpt":0.2461921766455386,"spread":0.2351040406476771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005384461,0.0002003821,0.000194068,0.0003281491,0.0002134371,0.0005397908,0.0001720338,0.0001712048,0.000548759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00115724,0.000107869,0.0002914,0.0005337862,0.0001410737,0.0002309669,0.0002615108,0.000186794,0.00007351727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006619248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004500628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.158497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998296,0.00006379416,0.00001423445,0.00003653695,0.00003207579,0.00002376613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995042,0.0001672694,0.0001097841,0.00003605964,0.0001290442,0.00005372712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001621826,0.00005354495,0.9810629,0.00001663472,0.0001306953,0.00008907132,0.00009442998,0.01223584,0.000971436,0.0000838765,0.000576777,0.004522578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009945009,0.00005765363,0.974226,0.00001125919,0.00003718445,0.000020549,0.0001802364,0.02446361,0.0004311517,0.00005846428,0.0004970831,0.000006944861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988918,0.00007254897,0.00009712644,0.00005567171,0.000008785389,0.000002582488,0.0004989485,0.00001043516,0.0003621111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992421,0.00004736548,0.00006635621,0.00001761242,0.000003841383,0.000003695307,0.0005404135,0.000002515203,0.00007609621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.11483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2283233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085856887","doi":"10.1175/jcli3320.1","title":"Estimating Extremes in Transient Climate Change Simulations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":550,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Climate change; Precipitation; Generalized extreme value distribution; Climate model; Context (archaeology); Extreme value theory; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Viatcheslav Kharin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04854972664820692,"gpt":0.3001605947943756,"spread":0.2516108681461687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001404,0.0003901155,0.0004251004,0.0007203649,0.0002705996,0.0007014524,0.0005941822,0.0005790165,0.0008084491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006944404,0.0003102772,0.000495374,0.0009058801,0.0003037638,0.0007117433,0.0005650096,0.0006338415,0.0001221667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007479613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003980301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0159572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008768799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995895,0.000194814,0.00002491912,0.00009852452,0.00004887599,0.00004337074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972259,0.001938647,0.0002843675,0.0002060357,0.0002505412,0.00009444182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007638897,0.00002355143,0.02375614,0.00001826229,0.00006807043,0.00004260031,0.00004091408,0.9707062,0.0004936096,0.0008686887,0.0002080237,0.003697547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009049381,0.00002805656,0.008322482,0.000006156082,0.0000118897,0.000008471083,0.00003333989,0.9898512,0.000476113,0.001040517,0.0002029515,0.000009617228],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9563075,0.00008809714,0.0397135,0.00007853372,0.00001258547,0.0000465652,0.001683162,0.0003761137,0.001694021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994993,0.00002492124,0.00392192,0.000006698435,0.000003864421,0.00002997453,0.0009034393,0.00001562464,0.0001004882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0159572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03172863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978626005","doi":"10.1175/2009jcli3053.1","title":"The Seasonal Atmospheric Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Late Twenty-First Century","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":549,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Environmental science; Arctic sea ice decline; Arctic; Atmospheric circulation; Snow; Forcing (mathematics); Precipitation; Cryosphere; Ice-albedo feedback; Latitude; Drift ice; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Clara Deser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Tomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Alexander","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Lawrence","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007091624735374947,"gpt":0.2273803259293658,"spread":0.2202887011939908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051816,0.0003863123,0.0002999699,0.0002907219,0.0002634726,0.0006444661,0.0003096818,0.0006118357,0.0008817099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001193473,0.0002212898,0.0006449829,0.0003246503,0.000177374,0.0003523016,0.0003444742,0.0004157963,0.0001847527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000682115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003877514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02087807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01431846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998664,0.00002736087,0.000008449329,0.00003285259,0.0000280499,0.00003688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.00008852012,0.00007383539,0.00001883204,0.00009385286,0.00005614385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001260539,0.0002680163,0.6760336,0.0001367657,0.0006367803,0.0005708275,0.0002163796,0.2885653,0.02286894,0.0006178975,0.001121361,0.007703526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001161083,0.0005255413,0.7856825,0.00002304788,0.0002056689,0.0001213825,0.0002805882,0.2029807,0.007685884,0.0004316125,0.001881675,0.00006528983],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987825,0.00005393018,0.0002095728,0.00006857979,0.000009153614,0.000003124868,0.0004944788,0.00001616696,0.0003625634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986526,0.00006336788,0.0001473583,0.00002298888,0.000005607033,0.000009363125,0.0008798305,0.000004605324,0.0002142524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02087807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04151309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963796430","doi":"10.1175/jcli3366.1","title":"Avoiding Inhomogeneity in Percentile-Based Indices of Temperature Extremes","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":511,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Percentile; Resampling; Classification of discontinuities; Environmental science; Monte Carlo method; Statistics; Base (topology); Climatology; Period (music); Return period; Climate change; Sampling (signal processing); Meteorology; Mathematics; Computer science; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriele C. Hegerl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jesse Kenyon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0160161813411765,"gpt":0.2569855099546814,"spread":0.240969328613505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005258779,0.000222155,0.0005134798,0.0008455326,0.0003083251,0.000852362,0.0005699685,0.0003927108,0.0004132493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02674651,0.0002749554,0.0003016508,0.0008867651,0.0005271251,0.0008823112,0.0009612115,0.0006655215,0.000136898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005293647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007161921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003034497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00301666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984099,0.0009110176,0.00007609159,0.0001697345,0.0003260725,0.000107187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9861401,0.009418703,0.00146061,0.001859666,0.0009038103,0.0002171022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003688634,0.00006910574,0.06564018,0.00006103128,0.0001559301,0.0001269852,0.0002043661,0.8203663,0.007319306,0.01797399,0.0006059885,0.08710807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009174566,0.00005863219,0.01417622,0.00001200766,0.00001580824,0.00008416916,0.00002060183,0.9732512,0.002936305,0.008949841,0.0004655613,0.00002046698],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4411539,0.0001279888,0.5564929,0.00008341527,0.00001576618,0.00003594513,0.0001082022,0.000454417,0.001527533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9495396,0.00002850262,0.05004903,0.00001639024,0.00001030935,0.00002248782,0.0001565824,0.00003926739,0.0001378668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005258779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02781147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101455581","doi":"10.1175/2007jcli2048.1","title":"The North Pacific Oscillation–West Pacific Teleconnection Pattern: Mature-Phase Structure and Winter Impacts","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":466,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Teleconnection; Climatology; Storm track; Geopotential height; Pacific decadal oscillation; Arctic oscillation; Geology; Anomaly (physics); Forcing (mathematics); Atmospheric circulation; Zonal and meridional; Middle latitudes; North Pacific High; Empirical orthogonal functions; Siberian High; Sea surface temperature; Environmental science; Storm; Precipitation; Oceanography; Northern Hemisphere; East Asia; Geography; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Megan Linkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sumant Nigam","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01215686476281708,"gpt":0.2419489952256713,"spread":0.2297921304628542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002037102,0.0001582082,0.00009650776,0.0004229491,0.0001303353,0.0004292283,0.0001162063,0.0001447249,0.001271612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009565153,0.00005853285,0.0001145437,0.0008283645,0.0001389726,0.0003390294,0.0003146644,0.0001812628,0.0001263387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001816537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001759325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009714727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01422598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999225,0.00001080918,0.000007846635,0.00002140441,0.00002267738,0.00001470041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994959,0.00006649573,0.0001829504,0.0000376247,0.0001261427,0.00009093033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001076991,0.00002901706,0.9847692,0.00001134773,0.00004693204,0.00006315368,0.00007997522,0.000521897,0.002075507,0.0001623145,0.0006872085,0.01144578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001657891,0.000009136716,0.9991868,0.000001174928,0.000002648519,0.00001165196,0.00003293234,0.0005035201,0.00004507662,0.00003553944,0.0001688656,9.907624e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967749,0.0001263137,0.0001947648,0.000088986,0.00001051633,0.000008236427,0.0009772286,0.00001181618,0.001807227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988272,0.0000584408,0.00008060755,0.00001961697,0.00001425808,0.000004642645,0.0007441704,0.000004487207,0.0002465481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009714727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01931638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050368832","doi":"10.1175/jcli3898.1","title":"Climate Variability, Fish, and Fisheries","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Marine and fisheries research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":460,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Island University","funders":"","keywords":"Pelagic zone; Groundfish; Population dynamics of fisheries; Fishing; Fisheries science; Pacific decadal oscillation; Fishery; Population; Fish stock; Climate change; Fisheries management; Environmental science; Abundance (ecology); Geography; Coastal fish; Anchovy; Sea surface temperature; Oceanography; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Ecology; Biology; Coral reef fish","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Lehodey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jürgen Alheit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manuel Barangé","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Baumgartner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grégory Beaugrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth F. Drinkwater","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Marc Fromentin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven R. Hare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geir Ottersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Ian Perry","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Roy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carl D. van der Lingen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francisco E. Werner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009543865529651929,"gpt":0.2431354117420221,"spread":0.2335915462123702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004239662,0.0001963413,0.0001977169,0.0009756553,0.0002712953,0.0009596802,0.0001466385,0.0002821024,0.003196554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00146504,0.00008434616,0.0002386677,0.001589164,0.0004564392,0.0005114558,0.000709642,0.0004479706,0.0003390757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005232802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002901343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006916325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005094047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997944,0.00006280962,0.0000120614,0.00007042862,0.00003421958,0.00002606786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991829,0.0002808824,0.0002359221,0.00003958356,0.0001266833,0.0001339344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007110027,0.00005161297,0.9019681,0.0001842877,0.0006041783,0.0002358863,0.0001923811,0.007147599,0.0005348849,0.01493914,0.01043447,0.06363637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007967776,0.0000421012,0.9506583,0.0001313571,0.00009556876,0.0001282361,0.0003941208,0.006256329,0.0001306973,0.02390729,0.01821932,0.00002864532],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8317094,0.08729529,0.004588405,0.01843239,0.0009671621,0.00002582838,0.006758603,0.0001636001,0.05005929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897898,0.006844799,0.0002859911,0.0004175424,0.0003878817,0.000008485143,0.0005408108,0.000009034644,0.001715754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006916325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0137521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178352276","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3760:citeia>2.0.co;2","title":"Changes in the Extremes in an Ensemble of Transient Climate Simulations with a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean GCM","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":452,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Precipitation; Climate change; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Forcing (mathematics); Transient climate simulation; Snow; Abrupt climate change; Atmosphere (unit); Greenhouse gas; Global warming; Downscaling; Meteorology; Effects of global warming; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Viatcheslav Kharin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02251430692517023,"gpt":0.2597978865704882,"spread":0.237283579645318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007673696,0.0004282658,0.0006691993,0.000479621,0.0006604163,0.001010999,0.0008332042,0.0009452971,0.0007763462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002107902,0.0004612649,0.0009474989,0.0008067203,0.0004589774,0.0008431287,0.0005950695,0.0008976284,0.0001164335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001282436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009120812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05458947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03169099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997761,0.0000571829,0.00001731772,0.00006967656,0.00003377243,0.00004612745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999252,0.0003065182,0.00008808717,0.00009865615,0.0001298614,0.0001248597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005564676,0.0002201481,0.06785845,0.00004471287,0.0004820914,0.0001848291,0.0001422202,0.9197773,0.003082056,0.001170803,0.001401898,0.005078913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009916553,0.00008919781,0.02636755,0.000009149695,0.00009955194,0.00002643349,0.0000695815,0.9713111,0.0008507861,0.0005371793,0.0005114191,0.00002878103],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959143,0.00006751441,0.001881085,0.0001007745,0.00002577219,0.00001281775,0.0009777679,0.0001095898,0.0009104108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974409,0.00004440576,0.00113466,0.00002247487,0.000009719151,0.00002778009,0.001180653,0.00001958888,0.0001196898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05458947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1085435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997550531","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-19-0084.1","title":"Future Global Meteorological Drought Hot Spots: A Study Based on CORDEX Data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":445,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan Spinoni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paulo Barbosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edoardo Bucchignani","is_ca":false},{"name":"John J. Cassano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tereza Cavazos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ole B. Christensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erika Coppola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason P. Evans","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beate Geyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filippo Giorgi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Panos Hadjinicolaou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniela Jacob","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jack Katzfey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Torben Koenigk","is_ca":false},{"name":"René Laprise","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Lennard","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Levent Kurnaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Delei Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marta Llopart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niall McCormick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gustavo Naumann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grigory Nikulin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tuğba Öztürk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans-Juergen Panitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Burkhardt Rockel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvina A. Solman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jozef Syktus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fredolin Tangang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claas Teichmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Vautard","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Vogt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katja Winger","is_ca":true},{"name":"George Zittis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Dosio","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03025270781978831,"gpt":0.2967460950849954,"spread":0.2664933872652071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001492175,0.0004778088,0.0003964285,0.001076172,0.0004118453,0.0009366548,0.0005867545,0.0006259203,0.0008081052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003001925,0.0002676785,0.0006237734,0.001892108,0.0003295744,0.001009947,0.0006695914,0.0005516559,0.0001402218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002013896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006999229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1003605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0833416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994866,0.0001638394,0.00004709587,0.0001455004,0.00008125642,0.0000757615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982066,0.0005671214,0.0004111953,0.0002399089,0.0004059589,0.0001691093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003249499,0.000200716,0.9469479,0.00008042836,0.0002021539,0.0005736179,0.000260267,0.04059221,0.001197489,0.0007237741,0.001857934,0.007038544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006392171,0.00009132798,0.8482429,0.00003279527,0.00008830749,0.00010653,0.0003908796,0.147385,0.001274733,0.0001567972,0.002131055,0.00003558057],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997729,0.00007118631,0.000142212,0.00006765331,0.000007027672,0.00001728493,0.00152791,0.00002277298,0.000414922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932034,0.0001107162,0.0007152267,0.00003653177,0.00001942796,0.00002934285,0.005641107,0.00001248962,0.0002316919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1003605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1995527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993979961","doi":"10.1175/jcli3587.1","title":"The Thinning of Arctic Sea Ice, 1988–2003: Have We Passed a Tipping Point?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":442,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Arctic ice pack; Arctic sea ice decline; Sea ice; Climatology; Ice-albedo feedback; Thinning; Canada Basin; Arctic; Arctic geoengineering; Oceanography; Environmental science; Antarctic sea ice; Geology; Sea ice thickness; Drift ice; Cryosphere; Geography","authors":[{"name":"R. W. Lindsay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jinlun Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01087749622523929,"gpt":0.2303041366923389,"spread":0.2194266404670996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002150299,0.0003238178,0.0005599388,0.0005918592,0.0005291568,0.001726157,0.0009028693,0.001491642,0.003448169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007956028,0.0002188522,0.0004604202,0.0008648707,0.0007180482,0.001390836,0.0007320986,0.001181463,0.0004977781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001453131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008058766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02012875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01662579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994898,0.00007315735,0.00005107971,0.0001625531,0.0001136747,0.0001097167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972133,0.0004499001,0.0009101398,0.0001564894,0.0008263805,0.0004438058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007897297,0.0001638095,0.9000452,0.0002295699,0.0002001733,0.0009951437,0.001180483,0.006638437,0.00295638,0.001408878,0.004160184,0.08123212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000333844,0.0001674644,0.9863862,0.0002173615,0.00004305595,0.0002109522,0.001538715,0.005480758,0.0005696207,0.001227462,0.004089246,0.00003573496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919528,0.002118322,0.0004948936,0.002396213,0.00009799493,0.00001393905,0.0004153697,0.00003819012,0.002472177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998295,0.0004649307,0.0002416335,0.0002729992,0.00006432108,0.000005254789,0.0002985706,0.00001304956,0.0003443386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02012875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04002321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179279138","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2103:trtati>2.0.co;2","title":"Tropical Rainfall Trends and the Indirect Aerosol Effect","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":426,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Northern Hemisphere; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Precipitation; Cloud albedo; Southern Hemisphere; Climate model; Tropics; Sea surface temperature; Albedo (alchemy); Sulfate aerosol; Tropical cyclone; Cloud cover; Climate change; Geology; Geography; Meteorology; Stratosphere; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Leon Rotstayn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrike Lohmann","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360186956293813,"gpt":0.2373902763473735,"spread":0.2237884067844354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000163542,0.0001946681,0.0001231804,0.0002700754,0.0001216165,0.000455082,0.0001729547,0.0001945508,0.002294606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008003237,0.000133303,0.0002442778,0.0005057385,0.0001527472,0.0003177583,0.0003636811,0.0003106656,0.0001656624],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003744581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002254191,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007494223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00969092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999262,0.00002008924,0.000006044437,0.00001732273,0.00001484008,0.00001550714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996991,0.000107393,0.0000986602,0.0000224139,0.0000372277,0.00003526962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004959247,0.00009118202,0.8646554,0.0001793808,0.0003517646,0.0003923615,0.0003631148,0.09680434,0.008612021,0.005582339,0.001575047,0.02089712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001043178,0.0001955642,0.9260045,0.00002953248,0.0002034677,0.0001751661,0.000204214,0.06341713,0.003884287,0.001624526,0.004137378,0.00001992053],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944646,0.0002045553,0.0002812976,0.0001407571,0.000005141509,0.000004793894,0.001199326,0.00002231458,0.003677295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985039,0.0002097182,0.000137703,0.00001153172,0.00000717895,0.000003842179,0.0007414029,0.000009687927,0.0003750454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007494223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01490116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082237299","doi":"10.1175/2008jcli2554.1","title":"Lifetime of Anthropogenic Climate Change: Millennial Time Scales of Potential CO2 and Surface Temperature Perturbations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":417,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Anomaly (physics); Climatology; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Persistence (discontinuity); Carbon cycle; Climate model; Climate system; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kirsten Zickfeld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Álvaro Montenegro","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Archer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrin J. Meißner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew J. Weaver","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006318679865015529,"gpt":0.2142886263736102,"spread":0.2079699465085947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001377418,0.0003782459,0.0003719355,0.0003246001,0.0006538507,0.0009213121,0.0005640572,0.001057222,0.00219109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005130384,0.0003405655,0.0007942708,0.0003903985,0.0007451341,0.001437238,0.001000157,0.001281012,0.0001152766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009629154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005408445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008264744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005608672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998735,0.00003694373,0.000008106465,0.0000270559,0.0000206294,0.00003371534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984472,0.0009489937,0.0002015396,0.0001200648,0.0001016185,0.0001806051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005250543,0.0001643979,0.09275486,0.00007766342,0.0004625396,0.0003029348,0.0001298875,0.8858538,0.005403114,0.007735257,0.001231737,0.005358761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006220944,0.0002244304,0.04806823,0.00002686617,0.0001207575,0.000075683,0.0001462133,0.9454731,0.001447961,0.00356925,0.0007298997,0.00005526092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940057,0.0002577477,0.0027943,0.000478638,0.00003371686,0.000007430822,0.0004547947,0.00007127017,0.001896262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993184,0.00005335361,0.0002818492,0.0000235727,0.000005467721,0.000007143694,0.0001833133,0.00001376862,0.0001131469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008264744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0164333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2566089477","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-16-0720.1","title":"Assessment of MERRA-2 Land Surface Hydrology Estimates","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":413,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Snow; Precipitation; Climatology; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Rolf H. Reichle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clara Draper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qing Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manuela Girotto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarith Mahanama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Randal D. Koster","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriëlle De Lannoy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02173828368572576,"gpt":0.271262010536403,"spread":0.2495237268506773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00591402,0.0008181187,0.0005025197,0.00175546,0.0002377715,0.001288196,0.0006512068,0.0005478444,0.000910435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008016547,0.0002637674,0.0004559633,0.001035242,0.0001487183,0.001557614,0.0006278226,0.0003500676,0.0006123576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005254686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005428336,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006650456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007578234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979177,0.0006807722,0.0001697508,0.000307399,0.0008129955,0.0001114063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942722,0.001107405,0.0007612908,0.0007140251,0.002925059,0.0002199125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008385009,0.0002028054,0.6580256,0.0002995504,0.0005639084,0.0004165604,0.0004651105,0.1624193,0.01202671,0.001720748,0.009420405,0.1536009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001527033,0.0003689461,0.6425935,0.0001116484,0.0001271926,0.0002615414,0.0003915602,0.3256803,0.009051948,0.0005345877,0.02061177,0.0001142751],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9407942,0.001297708,0.02824806,0.0006064767,0.0000814904,0.0002230418,0.01309,0.001944512,0.01371446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9588001,0.0003493171,0.02585513,0.0001032436,0.00004569258,0.00008851767,0.01310852,0.0002049824,0.001444527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006650456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0312767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147297523","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-11-00705.1","title":"Quantifying the Relevance of Cyclones for Precipitation Extremes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":411,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich","keywords":"Climatology; Precipitation; Cyclone (programming language); Environmental science; Extratropical cyclone; Storm; Middle latitudes; Storm track; Flood myth; Northern Hemisphere; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Stephan Pfahl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heini Wernli","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06731135568427103,"gpt":0.3208537334621526,"spread":0.2535423777778816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005551282,0.0002239686,0.0001750271,0.001426333,0.0001749212,0.0006262312,0.0001420678,0.0002817709,0.000916247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002551671,0.000108692,0.0002062338,0.001180948,0.0001721914,0.0005009156,0.0004878943,0.0002853217,0.0001258779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001854689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001369774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003111801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004360597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997213,0.00008434005,0.00002768756,0.00007766103,0.00004744341,0.00004154553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983842,0.0007510008,0.0004833092,0.0001413104,0.0001352065,0.000104925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009420631,0.00001902282,0.9744996,0.00003390389,0.00009775525,0.00007163791,0.00004665846,0.0131623,0.001802743,0.0003969367,0.0007350084,0.009040094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003194079,0.00002734335,0.9753932,0.00001228638,0.00002467307,0.00005928184,0.00009173811,0.0227502,0.0003945925,0.0004413221,0.000794284,0.000007924487],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931313,0.0001960748,0.001439519,0.00007079134,0.00001097159,0.00001019701,0.003479356,0.00002991867,0.001631803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997883,0.00007032776,0.0004152056,0.000007388137,0.00001418243,0.000004647351,0.001532882,0.000002984659,0.00006948377],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003111801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006187379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2301934489","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-15-0611.1","title":"Impact of Ural Blocking on Winter Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasian Anomalies. Part I: Blocking-Induced Amplification","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":403,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Climatology; Arctic oscillation; Arctic; Anomaly (physics); Sea ice; Subarctic climate; Geology; Arctic ice pack; North Atlantic oscillation; Anticyclone; Arctic dipole anomaly; Arctic sea ice decline; Bay; Latitude; Siberian High; Oceanography; Atmospheric sciences; Northern Hemisphere; Antarctic sea ice; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Dehai Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yiqing Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yao Yao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aiguo Dai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Simmonds","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian L. E. Franzke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02085108137529045,"gpt":0.2626797843014869,"spread":0.2418287029261965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007966684,0.0003108665,0.0003093038,0.0003312758,0.0004004583,0.0006540134,0.0003100782,0.0001650118,0.001586446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001524071,0.00009687474,0.0004248741,0.0003939297,0.0003581549,0.0002505649,0.0005700135,0.000217953,0.0001710542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007905975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006209382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03604362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03744743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995583,0.0001344839,0.00003318745,0.00006082177,0.00007201318,0.0001412193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987858,0.0002688589,0.0004676682,0.0001148446,0.0001872773,0.0001755265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009576276,0.0001200388,0.9546456,0.00007001834,0.0002036841,0.0005260895,0.0004074927,0.004469802,0.0221504,0.0005402315,0.0004243922,0.01548471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004305823,0.0001042946,0.9953767,0.000005175035,0.00003050307,0.00004936977,0.0002782473,0.002315425,0.001290901,0.00003650025,0.0005041261,0.000004344298],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983608,0.0001077948,0.00008341511,0.00002893458,0.000005696551,0.000004506975,0.00009700049,0.000009494801,0.001302213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996446,0.00003953299,0.00004352604,0.000006823184,0.000004262455,0.000002308574,0.00008034559,0.000003066207,0.0001755731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03604362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07166761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112555833","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-19-0892.1","title":"A Global, Continental, and Regional Analysis of Changes in Extreme Precipitation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":389,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Global Water Futures; Australian Research Council; China Meteorological Administration","keywords":"Precipitation; Climatology; Extreme value theory; Environmental science; Generalized extreme value distribution; Confidence interval; Physical geography; Geography; Geology; Meteorology; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Qiaohong Sun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seth Westra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa V. Alexander","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06557967209102303,"gpt":0.2792193319584958,"spread":0.2136396598674728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007132018,0.0002278436,0.000286259,0.001344655,0.0001528403,0.000523899,0.0002204785,0.000137056,0.0008394832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001089167,0.0001121527,0.0005103477,0.002581797,0.0001281648,0.0004384945,0.0005713589,0.0002386791,0.0002440452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001835422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001672555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0098256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009918895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999744,0.00006119943,0.00002022239,0.00008464212,0.00005053816,0.00003936002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992741,0.0001018539,0.000180748,0.0001191114,0.0002664966,0.00005777973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009296655,0.00001933461,0.9730017,0.00005284157,0.0005031856,0.00008522446,0.0001254631,0.00413502,0.002848553,0.0001568867,0.001237229,0.0177415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001399426,0.00001282774,0.9971507,0.000004353451,0.00004128542,0.00002656324,0.00006559579,0.001224544,0.0002190408,0.00003089697,0.00121942,0.000003375128],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896845,0.0003639999,0.001512582,0.00006594856,0.00001337,0.00001132669,0.006213199,0.00006362185,0.002071441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920894,0.0001571086,0.001697095,0.00002049315,0.00001748525,0.00001324039,0.00565021,0.00002334564,0.0003316313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0098256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01953679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057110560","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00623.1","title":"Effect of Anthropogenic Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes on Climate and Land Carbon Storage in CMIP5 Projections for the Twenty-First Century","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":383,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Climatology; Climate model; Land cover; Forcing (mathematics); Greenhouse gas; Earth system science; Albedo (alchemy); Land use; Climate change; Subtropics; Representative Concentration Pathways; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lena Boysen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vivek Arora","is_ca":true},{"name":"Juan Pablo Boisier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricia Cadule","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louise Chini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Claußen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Veronika Gayler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bart van den Hurk","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. C. Hurtt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Etsushi Kato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathalie de Noblet‐Ducoudré","is_ca":false},{"name":"Federica Pacifico","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia Pongratz","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Weiß","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006602413500766088,"gpt":0.2275680875964218,"spread":0.2209656740956557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00167065,0.001085948,0.0004482306,0.0007727995,0.0004051062,0.001506153,0.0009671601,0.0009619632,0.001478955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00174575,0.0003692046,0.001456661,0.001592001,0.0004315852,0.0009038294,0.000607031,0.0005910511,0.00031112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002626999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001650184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08617756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0525324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999543,0.0001259412,0.00003251406,0.00009755916,0.0001029025,0.00009815138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993364,0.0001710823,0.000101549,0.00007051414,0.0002296163,0.00009086901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001076562,0.0001893633,0.1884734,0.0004503363,0.001132405,0.0004610767,0.0001033003,0.7862045,0.00479792,0.002952039,0.003876704,0.01028231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004097602,0.0004105666,0.3562385,0.0001507256,0.0007663393,0.0002132369,0.0004043925,0.6154387,0.01116283,0.00200923,0.01256712,0.0002285328],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809028,0.0006652654,0.001359087,0.0005261104,0.00008782178,0.0000283418,0.01336087,0.0002023774,0.002867353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920329,0.00030006,0.0007308727,0.000085864,0.00002105991,0.00003728185,0.006417616,0.00003345584,0.0003408733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08617756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1713519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979615854","doi":"10.1175/jcli3631.1","title":"GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":369,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Equator; Climatology; Sea surface temperature; Climate model; Precipitation; Zonal and meridional; Geology; Environmental science; Boreal; Forcing (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Latitude; Oceanography; Geography; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Andrew T. Wittenberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Rosati","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ngar‐Cheung Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey J. Ploshay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01388938129056813,"gpt":0.2383514327346466,"spread":0.2244620514440784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007423048,0.001791179,0.0009069514,0.0006380292,0.0004240036,0.001118466,0.002292446,0.001088261,0.006751734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001012636,0.0008187804,0.001165171,0.002565168,0.0003513662,0.001319924,0.0007294787,0.001782355,0.003295759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001282366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1346899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06872876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997696,0.0000561432,0.00001800547,0.00005929372,0.0000546006,0.00004236359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996424,0.00004059618,0.00003930981,0.00007941292,0.0001415452,0.00005671317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004755782,0.0002172672,0.01552399,0.0004961183,0.0005690774,0.0001961751,0.0001370223,0.6990171,0.002719441,0.006410324,0.2361818,0.03805603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001227741,0.00007077168,0.02754952,0.0001293101,0.0002590476,0.00006396713,0.0001203261,0.8116104,0.003221839,0.006972764,0.148622,0.0001523317],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1159106,0.001864645,0.04182815,0.002372278,0.001069442,0.0005460864,0.7858015,0.01614852,0.03445878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3399777,0.001593712,0.05527934,0.0006707553,0.0002582269,0.001583374,0.5820396,0.003346751,0.01525063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1346899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2678118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177083907","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3213:dmosft>2.0.co;2","title":"Data-Based Meridional Overturning Streamfunctions for the Global Ocean","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":367,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"North Atlantic Deep Water; Upwelling; Circumpolar deep water; Oceanography; Geology; Thermohaline circulation; Antarctic Intermediate Water; Downwelling; Water mass; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation; Gulf Stream; Ekman transport; Atlantic Equatorial mode; Climatology; Deep ocean water; Hydrography; Antarctic Bottom Water; Geostrophic wind","authors":[{"name":"Lynne D. Talley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph L. Reid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Robbins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02686495810440764,"gpt":0.2605581405327256,"spread":0.2336931824283179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005470508,0.0009052054,0.0002779197,0.001684767,0.0002252395,0.0008804107,0.0005685588,0.0003648524,0.00643199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002463477,0.0001907544,0.0005096855,0.00230058,0.0001356014,0.0007245989,0.0003587565,0.0005493302,0.004112756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007156736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008444923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01481427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01445847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997404,0.00002894603,0.00002797448,0.00006646793,0.0001095196,0.0000266668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991034,0.0001310721,0.000124417,0.0001671288,0.0004435891,0.00003045114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003034687,0.0002500482,0.214182,0.0006236708,0.0002475079,0.000268077,0.0004559491,0.2869584,0.008955419,0.02483989,0.09221277,0.3707028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000137994,0.0001022624,0.1549898,0.0001237543,0.00005499451,0.0001815041,0.0001816227,0.6615726,0.01056055,0.01095491,0.1610369,0.0001030487],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2698791,0.0006918864,0.2755913,0.0003193521,0.0002582931,0.0007189542,0.4039514,0.02181637,0.02677339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4645018,0.000850417,0.1332399,0.00008039329,0.00008001758,0.0009431203,0.3895082,0.001546718,0.009249466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01481427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02945608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112866571","doi":"10.1175/2008jcli2515.1","title":"An Observed Connection between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":359,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Madden–Julian oscillation; Climatology; Extratropical cyclone; Rossby wave; Geopotential height; Northern Hemisphere; Outgoing longwave radiation; Geology; Anomaly (physics); North Atlantic oscillation; Convection; Tropical cyclogenesis; Quasi-biennial oscillation; Teleconnection; Environmental science; Troposphere; Precipitation; Geography; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Cyclone (programming language); Meteorology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Hai Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gilbert Brunet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacques Derome","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04186816804402647,"gpt":0.2507945344804113,"spread":0.2089263664363848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002299277,0.00007778212,0.0001140889,0.0002577969,0.0001956626,0.0003705005,0.0001012798,0.0001266455,0.001547705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001436112,0.00007337194,0.0001088247,0.0003889596,0.0001638481,0.0001264886,0.000319597,0.000245858,0.0001315112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001815295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001445264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00391892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005163455,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999148,0.00001661776,0.000008342063,0.00002684379,0.00001905664,0.00001440151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999228,0.0001826075,0.0003246269,0.00006645345,0.0001020732,0.00009626173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001400433,0.00002631277,0.9869735,0.000022155,0.00006381141,0.00009598505,0.0001595667,0.0002751199,0.005109394,0.0004464845,0.0004783748,0.006209374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002560668,0.00001115719,0.9990895,0.000002212643,0.000005766191,0.00002748022,0.00002531925,0.0002744331,0.00008021494,0.00005351454,0.0004265241,0.000001408634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976014,0.0002365028,0.0002617857,0.00009147383,0.00002436369,0.000003518069,0.0002425222,0.00001586154,0.001522445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995584,0.00004041547,0.00008567566,0.00001211804,0.00001571568,0.000002006484,0.0001562875,0.000001674017,0.0001276507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00391892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007792234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117217770","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00341.1","title":"Diagnosing Present and Future Permafrost from Climate Models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":355,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Biological and Environmental Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Arctic; Climatology; Climate change; Climate model; Snow; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"A. G. Slater","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Lawrence","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02674943151659856,"gpt":0.239886222679971,"spread":0.2131367911633724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007113337,0.0004973882,0.0002968549,0.0005889048,0.0002675603,0.001055303,0.0005379558,0.0006121676,0.0008026345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002409477,0.0003154234,0.0005388499,0.0005905626,0.0002207602,0.0006130096,0.0004716662,0.000497181,0.0001463238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001268347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000945325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02974325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03439626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997572,0.00007553798,0.00002152264,0.00007979671,0.00003870039,0.00002716029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992125,0.000388804,0.0001043736,0.00008618465,0.0001358013,0.00007235582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001109052,0.00005090838,0.164247,0.00004069463,0.00021148,0.00006227862,0.00006345083,0.8217573,0.001293936,0.0005680462,0.0005976324,0.0109963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001795542,0.00001686521,0.02809568,0.00001269963,0.00003319869,0.00001751776,0.00004217218,0.9695658,0.0009629814,0.0006531446,0.0005667236,0.00001529899],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847837,0.0001462393,0.009076136,0.0001615767,0.00001468248,0.00002793836,0.002683268,0.0003986286,0.00270781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945418,0.00004021033,0.003731997,0.00001831542,0.000007222397,0.00001124376,0.001484906,0.00002260449,0.0001417041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02974325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05914026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108888189","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-19-1013.1","title":"Changes in Annual Extremes of Daily Temperature and Precipitation in CMIP6 Models","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":351,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; National Natural Science Foundation of China; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Precipitation; Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Climatology; Pooling; Forcing (mathematics); Climate model; Surface air temperature; Mean radiant temperature; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Meteorology; Computer science; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Chao Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis W. Zwiers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guilong Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ying Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Wehner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02407558671196103,"gpt":0.2497798193704064,"spread":0.2257042326584454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001483159,0.0005160593,0.0002526748,0.0005993487,0.0002418924,0.0006775541,0.0005429646,0.0005003004,0.000748541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003162508,0.0002385774,0.0006140916,0.0008840608,0.0002151098,0.0006635677,0.000420374,0.0004555612,0.0001449642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005881817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001986737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005899799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003733909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999701,0.000103075,0.00002158791,0.00007297135,0.00005612725,0.00004526044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993405,0.0002719557,0.0001019544,0.0001008468,0.0001256635,0.0000590094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003488842,0.0001072036,0.1866465,0.00008680737,0.0004351721,0.0002022085,0.00009944487,0.7942197,0.003511633,0.002148655,0.002856579,0.009337248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003718003,0.0001078486,0.1331098,0.00002077816,0.00005562386,0.0001153913,0.00006451103,0.8600426,0.002762209,0.001364346,0.0022803,0.00003936968],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944483,0.0001824469,0.001860265,0.0001322573,0.0000247936,0.000008143814,0.001955054,0.0001317104,0.001257076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997268,0.00007511987,0.0008289636,0.00001824336,0.000009721165,0.00001064568,0.001651016,0.00001832332,0.0001200064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005899799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01173091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145255150","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00554.1","title":"Twenty-First-Century Compatible CO2 Emissions and Airborne Fraction Simulated by CMIP5 Earth System Models under Four Representative Concentration Pathways","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":350,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Environmental science; Earth (classical element); Fraction (chemistry); Earth system science; Atmospheric sciences; Earth science; Geology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Chris Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eddy Robertson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vivek K. Arora","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena Shevliakova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomohiro Hajima","is_ca":false},{"name":"Etsushi Kato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Kawamiya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spencer Liddicoat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Lindsay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian H. Reick","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Roelandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joachim Segschneider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry Tjiputra","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0133164621775981,"gpt":0.2230401910305015,"spread":0.2097237288529034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00117002,0.001469427,0.0006309361,0.0008449882,0.0007452789,0.001242252,0.001187969,0.001962465,0.001210686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00164366,0.0005536866,0.001782974,0.001493626,0.0006957146,0.001035606,0.0004823485,0.00109594,0.0002187558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002487578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001176875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09462883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03693684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997082,0.0001039706,0.0000157187,0.00007214746,0.00002897393,0.00007097725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992605,0.0003356292,0.00009053593,0.00008440737,0.0001278741,0.0001010846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000178163,0.00007822711,0.01589554,0.00003276703,0.0001876986,0.00008040729,0.0000246152,0.980305,0.0007009919,0.0007102917,0.000730658,0.001075525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002248477,0.0001020906,0.01932004,0.00001747696,0.0001287848,0.00002770874,0.00008334367,0.97673,0.001820066,0.0007322254,0.0007553996,0.0000579901],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99279,0.0001020675,0.001079943,0.0001860838,0.00002661419,0.00002449935,0.003527846,0.0001571092,0.002105851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967392,0.00006047903,0.0009268059,0.00004028246,0.000008254085,0.00003971895,0.001954901,0.00002408183,0.0002062606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09462883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.188156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160436992","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-13-00169.1","title":"Origins of the Solar Radiation Biases over the Southern Ocean in CFMIP2 Models*","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":350,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Advanced Foods and Materials Network; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; European Commission; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine; U.S. Department of Energy; Met Office; Langley Research Center; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Shortwave; Lidar; International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project; Climate model; Cloud fraction; Cloud top; Climatology; Satellite; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Cloud height; Cloud computing; Atmosphere (unit); Cloud albedo; Cloud feedback; Shortwave radiation; Radiative transfer; Cloud cover; Remote sensing; Climate change; Radiation; Climate sensitivity; Geology; Geography; Computer science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Alejandro Bodas‐Salcedo","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. D. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Ringer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isabelle Beau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason N. S. Cole","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Louis Dufresne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tsuyoshi Koshiro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Björn Stevens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Z. Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tokuta Yokohata","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01124337320215309,"gpt":0.222047945505797,"spread":0.2108045723036439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001111848,0.0008914257,0.000459991,0.0005573842,0.000470201,0.001212415,0.000829277,0.0008676577,0.001756964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002498787,0.0004732772,0.0006836262,0.0007763644,0.0004061756,0.0006646611,0.0006945255,0.0006857757,0.0002673151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001191086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007716137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05745962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03131096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996802,0.0001071995,0.00002113647,0.00007890732,0.00004992856,0.00006273928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990828,0.0003720097,0.0001256692,0.0001331143,0.0001970684,0.00008930132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003109342,0.0001238125,0.1346811,0.00006097645,0.0002652693,0.0001674308,0.0001403531,0.8480321,0.005017014,0.001981294,0.002105742,0.007113983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000150386,0.00007802051,0.05651585,0.00002996783,0.00006246946,0.00003977293,0.0001086997,0.9373362,0.002658554,0.001286921,0.001694901,0.00003834461],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915646,0.0001201754,0.001844099,0.0003223548,0.00002774404,0.00001401143,0.001101987,0.0002546491,0.004750268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979528,0.00004824454,0.0007350088,0.00005556864,0.000009619367,0.00001465752,0.0007316477,0.00006356605,0.0003889303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05745962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1142504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070541435","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00490.1","title":"Is a Decline of AMOC Causing the Warming Hole above the North Atlantic in Observed and Modeled Warming Patterns?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":348,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Branco Weiss Fellowship – Society in Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Ocean gyre; Climatology; Global warming; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Forcing (mathematics); Climate change; Convection; Climate model; Environmental science; Geology; Thermohaline circulation; Oceanography; Geography; Subtropics; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Sybren Drijfhout","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geert Jan van Oldenborgh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Cimatoribus","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04917801775023708,"gpt":0.2740256384618924,"spread":0.2248476207116553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007708818,0.0002327847,0.0002592306,0.000449574,0.0002537351,0.0007742451,0.0002810773,0.0004102683,0.001788721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002004135,0.0001986212,0.0006559454,0.0004455356,0.0003125062,0.0004883014,0.0003340301,0.0003923448,0.000223508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005051828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002587654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02993337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02834048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998381,0.00002721777,0.00001656446,0.00006410287,0.00001519687,0.00003869518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994161,0.0001651632,0.000173482,0.00006553254,0.00008983166,0.00008987074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001459895,0.0000359119,0.9803374,0.00003256701,0.0001461894,0.0001153196,0.00007143506,0.00981661,0.004775418,0.0001929829,0.000380762,0.00394941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009072531,0.0000255906,0.9808835,0.00001072941,0.00002732333,0.00003355644,0.00009322044,0.01809375,0.0003916979,0.0001121111,0.0003110758,0.000008429072],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983285,0.0001082593,0.0003250903,0.0001785523,0.00001143325,0.000004642523,0.000446321,0.00002819394,0.0005690256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994892,0.00002332257,0.00007812087,0.00002044346,0.000007400763,0.000001798953,0.0003118842,0.00000563586,0.00006216808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02993337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05951828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099424815","doi":"10.1175/2007jcli1725.1","title":"Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling and Links with Eurasian Land Surface Variability","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":345,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stratosphere; Troposphere; Extratropical cyclone; Climatology; Geopotential height; Arctic oscillation; Polar vortex; Northern Hemisphere; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Sudden stratospheric warming; Atmospheric circulation; Snow; Quasi-biennial oscillation; Atmosphere (unit); Geology; Precipitation; Meteorology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Judah Cohen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mathew Barlow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Kushner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kazuyuki Saitô","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009120886584844806,"gpt":0.2412551122750733,"spread":0.2321342256902285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003398956,0.0001629777,0.0001640559,0.0005510873,0.0001579742,0.0006928612,0.0001434567,0.0001164939,0.001484085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001433439,0.00008674712,0.0001440883,0.0006258732,0.0002437266,0.000343492,0.0004262538,0.0001985738,0.00008255461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002673375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001708314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01582035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01249769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998908,0.00003037872,0.000007959329,0.0000258523,0.00001869192,0.00002621768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993016,0.0002329045,0.0002586513,0.00003776,0.00008146094,0.00008769456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009078426,0.000008814839,0.9853394,0.00001203788,0.0001480416,0.0001489969,0.0004500347,0.001666074,0.003591483,0.0003749327,0.000130884,0.008038638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002223852,0.000008302001,0.9975576,0.000003931245,0.00001098858,0.00005540955,0.0001123268,0.00161522,0.0001537518,0.0002364823,0.0002413315,0.000002330261],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988482,0.0001013885,0.000116633,0.00003994373,0.000001297683,6.84783e-7,0.00006534083,0.000004928209,0.0008216402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997979,0.00002360521,0.000048411,0.000003018724,0.000001401006,4.02424e-7,0.00003918391,0.000001090999,0.00008493714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01582035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03145653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155647793","doi":"10.1175/2010jcli3404.1","title":"Chemistry–Climate Model Simulations of Twenty-First Century Stratospheric Climate and Circulation Changes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":340,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Ames Research Center; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; National Institute for Environmental Studies; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; Ministry of Education, India; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Stratosphere; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Ozone depletion; Environmental science; Downwelling; Ozone layer; Climate model; Northern Hemisphere; Arctic; Polar vortex; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Polar night; Oceanography; Geology; Upwelling","authors":[{"name":"Neal Butchart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene Cionni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Veronika Eyring","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theodore G. Shepherd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darryn W. Waugh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hideharu Akiyoshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Austin","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Brühl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martyn P. Chipperfield","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eugene C. Cordero","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Dameris","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Deckert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandip Dhomse","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. M. Frith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rolando R. García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Gettelman","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. A. Giorgetta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas E. Kinnison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Feng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Mancini","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. McLandress","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven Pawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanni Pitari","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Plummer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eugene Rozanov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabrizio Sassi","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Scinocca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kiyotaka Shibata","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. Steil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wenshou Tian","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01105628810733818,"gpt":0.227906046349589,"spread":0.2168497582422508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007810597,0.0008213917,0.0008013742,0.0004261286,0.0008374027,0.001187361,0.001266479,0.002008042,0.002650604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001561691,0.0006135189,0.001268689,0.0007847979,0.0008911412,0.0008069647,0.0007029709,0.001239105,0.0003164987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002166655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001815786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05456516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02731031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997416,0.00009665341,0.00001184629,0.00005294882,0.00002906917,0.00006789886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999027,0.0003867357,0.0001251692,0.0000948064,0.0001523901,0.0002138099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002295486,0.000140734,0.007365272,0.00002365837,0.0001301378,0.00005836737,0.00003048899,0.9894503,0.0009164148,0.0006236924,0.0004306288,0.0006007878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000423854,0.0002239738,0.009074846,0.000007952581,0.00007739553,0.00001843187,0.00007635332,0.9874564,0.0009997013,0.0005846193,0.001015005,0.00004146103],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941643,0.0001036421,0.0008672093,0.0003067836,0.00005078807,0.00003031162,0.001430506,0.0001115386,0.002934853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974357,0.00007950338,0.0007487383,0.00006578477,0.00001353161,0.00004548,0.001059287,0.00002021244,0.0005317769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05456516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1084951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2229929537","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-15-0304.1","title":"Forced and Internal Components of Winter Air Temperature Trends over North America during the past 50 Years: Mechanisms and Implications*","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":334,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Forcing (mathematics); Latitude; Atmospheric circulation; Climate model; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Clara Deser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Terray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam S. Phillips","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008244548677399717,"gpt":0.2299194963710864,"spread":0.2216749476936866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009426003,0.0003284136,0.0003023147,0.0005987421,0.0004346392,0.000861629,0.0004758908,0.0003766425,0.0009114298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00176718,0.0002873731,0.0009326654,0.0005708595,0.0006874216,0.0008364043,0.0008305245,0.0003442539,0.00006630755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008037696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005744704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0312292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03961643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998214,0.00003640246,0.00001645033,0.00007184388,0.00002636811,0.0000276827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991233,0.0001914673,0.0003205403,0.0001220959,0.0001587014,0.00008400944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008253712,0.00005592992,0.968706,0.00005100653,0.0003780081,0.0001217101,0.0003102917,0.009742168,0.01057485,0.001353371,0.0002829482,0.008341291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001235477,0.0000276274,0.9680395,0.00001672811,0.0001025274,0.00003614367,0.0002047858,0.02873242,0.001567616,0.0008385879,0.0003995697,0.00002212461],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972904,0.0002697112,0.001199053,0.0002145464,0.00001326102,0.000007617103,0.0002830819,0.00003863034,0.0006836724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994011,0.00008486094,0.0002786769,0.00001326645,0.000007997087,0.000004003303,0.000138344,0.000004577941,0.00006719861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0312292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06209487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048273455","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-13-00761.1","title":"Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in China by the CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":334,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Precipitation; Environmental science; Climatology; Representative Concentration Pathways; Climate change; China; Ensemble average; Scale (ratio); Mean radiant temperature; General Circulation Model; Climate extremes; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Botao Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiuzi Han Wen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ying Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lianchun Song","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuebin Zhang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01088960943978836,"gpt":0.2420357693260539,"spread":0.2311461598862656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008492015,0.0006320167,0.0002186978,0.0006276673,0.0002667758,0.0004542037,0.000400335,0.0003351625,0.0009477432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00087617,0.0001602315,0.0007091981,0.0008961726,0.0001246587,0.0004388359,0.0003452135,0.0002306215,0.0001442296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007700539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03762791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02226814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998335,0.00004309935,0.000008616286,0.00003807054,0.00004282341,0.0000339675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997907,0.00003157998,0.00003559556,0.00002465595,0.00008573815,0.00003174567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001533672,0.00004270924,0.1543158,0.00005843872,0.0002454215,0.0001483605,0.00008017215,0.8187053,0.002015636,0.001570883,0.002379529,0.02028441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004333147,0.00006517989,0.1874165,0.00002642008,0.0001096877,0.00004409514,0.00009664811,0.8047055,0.002448162,0.001126393,0.003875193,0.00004292908],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839878,0.0002832829,0.008463733,0.0002342539,0.0000402248,0.00002086264,0.003973407,0.0001611993,0.002835278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944193,0.0001487715,0.001741198,0.00003250969,0.00001230083,0.00003550116,0.003120949,0.00001143905,0.0004779238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03762791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07481778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164907207","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-11-00103.1","title":"The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":334,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Climatology; Climate model; Snow; Albedo (alchemy); Permafrost; Snowmelt; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"David M. Lawrence","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith W. Oleson","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Flanner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher G. Fletcher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Lawrence","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel Levis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sean Swenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gordon B. Bonan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06374642818944681,"gpt":0.2944392025386169,"spread":0.2306927743491701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003903373,0.0007916371,0.0007353878,0.001160311,0.0006063504,0.001564973,0.001531149,0.0007014808,0.001906674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005383459,0.0004564773,0.0008169467,0.002998293,0.0006814733,0.001747923,0.0008349813,0.001151693,0.0004739444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004854364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003639585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1223052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05452606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990047,0.0003199712,0.00004547861,0.0001420752,0.0004078067,0.00008000416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979285,0.0003376624,0.0001897253,0.0003003862,0.00104762,0.0001961021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004115257,0.0001042692,0.03092874,0.0002303851,0.0003325,0.0001070176,0.00006212795,0.8987971,0.0008277531,0.008063132,0.02675213,0.03338332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002945076,0.0001403771,0.03553669,0.000116178,0.0001668955,0.00004080581,0.00008650964,0.8880213,0.00388036,0.003812626,0.06780034,0.0001034612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7994073,0.00458448,0.03582838,0.004807606,0.001009957,0.0003376812,0.09447079,0.003287808,0.05626595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9333774,0.0009132337,0.02379262,0.0002576164,0.0001179141,0.0001693035,0.03774172,0.0004847772,0.003145452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1223052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2431866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046177159","doi":"10.1175/2011jcli4066.1","title":"Temporal and Spatial Variability of Great Lakes Ice Cover, 1973–2010*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":330,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Empirical orthogonal functions; Climatology; Environmental science; Forcing (mathematics); Sea ice; Spatial variability; Arctic ice pack; Physical geography; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jia Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuezhi Bai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haoguo Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne H. Clites","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie C. Colton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brent M. Lofgren","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01718691177655194,"gpt":0.2159686346722077,"spread":0.1987817228956558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001990305,0.0001649893,0.0001030571,0.0007996438,0.0001972042,0.0003861196,0.0001531385,0.0001551042,0.0005234066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000437116,0.00009793416,0.0002146486,0.001358402,0.0002071573,0.0002048158,0.0003305745,0.0001691714,0.0001929013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001067282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005969111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1533882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3634286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999076,0.000007461937,0.0000102441,0.00002260928,0.00003017791,0.00002195632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994893,0.00004552585,0.0002203716,0.00002308152,0.0001566774,0.00006494409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005619798,0.00001013533,0.9945124,0.00003143513,0.0000803085,0.00007705632,0.0002429067,0.0003936213,0.000981575,0.00003410436,0.0009018114,0.00267831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.544074e-7,0.000003538902,0.9993641,0.000001802547,0.000004171508,0.00001585395,0.00004335551,0.0001519636,0.00006899008,0.000002286635,0.0003422598,0.000001068248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954519,0.0002536589,0.0000525703,0.00006246779,0.00000673863,0.000002600457,0.003360981,0.00001066132,0.0007983765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995699,0.0001460961,0.0000629308,0.00001914907,0.00001171512,0.000006787353,0.003642078,0.000002470925,0.0004096854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8466117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3049908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017121670","doi":"10.1175/jcli3619.1","title":"Dipole Anomaly in the Winter Arctic Atmosphere and Its Association with Sea Ice Motion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":328,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Anomaly (physics); Climatology; Geology; Archipelago; Arctic oscillation; Sea ice; Arctic; Arctic dipole anomaly; Arctic ice pack; Atmosphere (unit); Arctic sea ice decline; Oceanography; Drift ice; Northern Hemisphere; Geography; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Bingyi Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jia Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"John E. Walsh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004777622245872741,"gpt":0.1913000892310721,"spread":0.1865224669851994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002539771,0.0001619694,0.0001453841,0.001340211,0.0001838759,0.0005769545,0.00008709775,0.0001069764,0.0004827004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007797534,0.00005541833,0.0002318548,0.001340576,0.0001218474,0.0001794273,0.0002421317,0.0001736367,0.0001277169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002467894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002300794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01199457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01038575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998598,0.00002029015,0.00001542645,0.00003599333,0.00003783655,0.00003075545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995168,0.00009590282,0.0001595317,0.00003388654,0.0001289991,0.00006476336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005447871,0.00001460135,0.9895124,0.000008789281,0.0000374191,0.0001068079,0.00005510075,0.0008797267,0.002236381,0.0001283299,0.0003404751,0.006625568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003148632,0.00001292118,0.9943403,0.000003783537,0.00001625865,0.0001004237,0.00009370958,0.003958895,0.0005024504,0.0001063679,0.0008571935,0.000004390645],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996923,0.0001376648,0.0007809192,0.0000484089,0.00001902911,0.000004231876,0.0009874569,0.00004558199,0.001053695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988006,0.00004308711,0.0002133208,0.000003344907,0.0000119609,0.000001262696,0.0008152489,0.000002921636,0.000108231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01199457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02384949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077042386","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00476.1","title":"Constraining the Ratio of Global Warming to Cumulative CO2 Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations*","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":327,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Climatology; Greenhouse gas; Global warming; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; Carbon dioxide; Climate sensitivity; Carbon cycle; Climate system; Chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Nathan P. Gillett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vivek K. Arora","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Damon Matthews","is_ca":true},{"name":"Myles Allen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1418905739770965,"gpt":0.3358979379348309,"spread":0.1940073639577344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001522029,0.0007861913,0.0003114859,0.0005382759,0.0003757159,0.0006155045,0.0008549021,0.0008099974,0.001052674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004371591,0.0003396667,0.0006185748,0.0008113324,0.0003264065,0.0007941672,0.0004622397,0.0006322884,0.0001649069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009260402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007764894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05338731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02544456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997351,0.0001034068,0.00001478454,0.00008428669,0.00002390205,0.00003846948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989593,0.0005855373,0.0001140503,0.0001455853,0.00012117,0.00007423718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001355734,0.00005547948,0.03480105,0.00005731078,0.0001665358,0.00004644675,0.00002276491,0.9570668,0.001518381,0.001378064,0.00111309,0.003638596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006761854,0.00002303971,0.01565932,0.00002385808,0.00005017953,0.000009637502,0.00002228919,0.9795105,0.002147318,0.00118916,0.001272145,0.00002491006],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9702882,0.0002570283,0.01782438,0.0003913812,0.00004512146,0.00003520181,0.005247314,0.0004285176,0.00548282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950345,0.00004755432,0.003174525,0.0000433125,0.000009746952,0.00003099209,0.001546464,0.00003244154,0.00008054791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05338731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1061531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022831624","doi":"10.1175/2009jcli3062.1","title":"Empirical Orthogonal Functions: The Medium is the Message","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Empirical orthogonal functions; Curse of dimensionality; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Mode (computer interface); Interpretation (philosophy); Statistical physics; Function (biology); Variance (accounting); Computer science; Climatology; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Adam H. Monahan","is_ca":true},{"name":"John C. Fyfe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maarten H. P. Ambaum","is_ca":false},{"name":"David B. Stephenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerald R. North","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04065427514699529,"gpt":0.287172579753372,"spread":0.2465183046063767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004790332,0.0004874007,0.0009389548,0.001131663,0.0006962396,0.005165929,0.0009467667,0.001519876,0.002965254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02729441,0.0002963462,0.0003167088,0.001321026,0.007068208,0.008607944,0.002213841,0.003851509,0.0008221685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008159128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007667664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005921986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002770252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980197,0.0009013634,0.000128524,0.0002388464,0.0006367397,0.00007489463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9874728,0.008661401,0.0008912495,0.001375686,0.001413683,0.0001852857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004443996,0.000009467173,0.0005839912,0.0003143174,0.00003950156,0.00011879,0.0003792674,0.001890855,0.0006398032,0.9244029,0.008467318,0.06310932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008658632,0.00002142983,0.0004944087,0.00028743,0.00001542701,0.0001252797,0.0003020116,0.005092928,0.0003900244,0.9645988,0.02864001,0.00002378402],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.05160079,0.08484778,0.6438001,0.1285597,0.01122141,0.00008317499,0.0008259782,0.0004380285,0.07862303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8368649,0.04837074,0.081096,0.0108694,0.01000548,0.0002010767,0.0003451784,0.0002519064,0.01199534],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005165929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965893780","doi":"10.1175/jcli3829.1","title":"The HAMMONIA Chemistry Climate Model: Sensitivity of the Mesopause Region to the 11-Year Solar Cycle and CO2 Doubling","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":309,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","keywords":"Mesopause; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Climatology; Solar cycle; Environmental science; Thermosphere; Northern Hemisphere; Radiative forcing; Tropopause; Mesosphere; Atmospheric physics; Meteorology; Physics; Stratosphere; Geology; Solar wind; Ionosphere","authors":[{"name":"Hauke Schmidt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guy Brasseur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Charron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisa Manzini","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. A. Giorgetta","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Diehl","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. I. Fomichev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Douglas E. Kinnison","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. R. Marsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Walters","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008193283494648016,"gpt":0.2076630703342825,"spread":0.1994697868396345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002730875,0.0006454035,0.0006544717,0.0001931196,0.0003650411,0.0008749973,0.0008082911,0.0008614628,0.001721121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005766419,0.0002334637,0.0006130759,0.0002120216,0.0003808554,0.0003514309,0.0004751776,0.0005475088,0.0001582363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009113715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008444883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06884698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02897374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998899,0.00003718151,0.000004917561,0.00002653743,0.000009519995,0.00003200561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996777,0.0001506079,0.00002990941,0.00003223582,0.00004123941,0.00006841423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002336223,0.00005604028,0.007390343,0.0000306914,0.00005541999,0.00008442725,0.0000151115,0.988613,0.001439737,0.0006809518,0.0004491034,0.0009514295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001003744,0.00009487668,0.005538778,0.000004493938,0.00002869199,0.00001083863,0.00002432432,0.9929708,0.0006788233,0.0001806761,0.0003527948,0.00001471321],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909737,0.0001508641,0.001807451,0.0001641968,0.00004311472,0.00002913637,0.001749199,0.0001474106,0.004934972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978352,0.00004965965,0.0007465795,0.00003073271,0.000007731785,0.00001913763,0.0006627165,0.00001290356,0.0006352771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06884698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1368925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053144247","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00584.1","title":"Long-Term Climate Change Commitment and Reversibility: An EMIC Intercomparison","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Russian Academy of Sciences; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Natural Environment Research Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climatology; Emic and etic; Term (time); Environmental science; Climate change; Coupled model intercomparison project; General Circulation Model; Geology; Oceanography; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Kirsten Zickfeld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew J. Weaver","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Alexander","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Crespin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil R. Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"А. В. Елисеев","is_ca":false},{"name":"Georg Feulner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thierry Fichefet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris E. Forest","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Friedlingstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hugues Goosse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip B. Holden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fortunat Joos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Kawamiya","is_ca":false},{"name":"David W. Kicklighter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hendrik Kienert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katsumi Matsumoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"И. И. Мохов","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erwan Monier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steffen M. Olsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahé Perrette","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Philippon-Berthier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andy Ridgwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Schlosser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Schneider von Deimling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gary Shaffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei Sokolov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Renato Spahni","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Steinacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaoru Tachiiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Tokos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masakazu Yoshimori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Zeng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fang Zhao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1351148414715115,"gpt":0.3030982856790512,"spread":0.1679834442075398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00568329,0.0006130846,0.0005697175,0.0009138951,0.0006496481,0.001395352,0.001671196,0.001357008,0.001731653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006083807,0.0003200617,0.001186668,0.002042209,0.0005153588,0.002502777,0.001631265,0.001300578,0.0001578361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00171512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001128047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02351113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01078636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988334,0.0006987115,0.00005820644,0.0002180839,0.0001141932,0.00007744131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975151,0.001225337,0.000205091,0.0005326021,0.0004067651,0.0001151153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001495114,0.000598321,0.0768029,0.0002078219,0.00109927,0.0003000597,0.0007291354,0.8562654,0.005338657,0.01284924,0.00548206,0.03883198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005066287,0.000936948,0.09876589,0.00009252771,0.000643621,0.00008201363,0.001196924,0.856759,0.01231646,0.01071965,0.01778013,0.0002001503],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738259,0.0003291351,0.01005392,0.0008384233,0.00009281983,0.0001223237,0.004426003,0.0002222353,0.01008932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863533,0.0001653117,0.008973955,0.0001887018,0.00004576856,0.000111266,0.003378666,0.00005730283,0.0007258066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02351113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04674858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}