{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"34b10c98850d","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques"}},"results":[{"id":"W2957305577","doi":"10.1007/s11416-019-00338-7","title":"A Cyber-Kill-Chain based taxonomy of crypto-ransomware features","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Salford Manchester","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Computer security; Taxonomy (biology); Malware; Biology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Tooska Dargahi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pooneh Nikkhah Bahrami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mauro Conti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giuseppe Bianchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loris Benedetto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009104240919380079,"gpt":0.2354682402076756,"spread":0.2263639992882955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101396,0.0008842748,0.000374282,0.008329568,0.002436467,0.003909578,0.001182552,0.001822958,0.005944509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004716457,0.0002945719,0.0007624211,0.004463555,0.003061994,0.008266135,0.002489343,0.001938795,0.002133813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002003945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002283489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004024568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002954238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978422,0.0003076071,0.0002265357,0.0002767605,0.001007868,0.0003390122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995229,0.001075004,0.0009985577,0.0006891412,0.001660396,0.00034789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001712704,0.0002470714,0.07019167,0.0009215992,0.00004861966,0.00224274,0.01157112,0.006065997,0.007593984,0.5195224,0.01560529,0.3658182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000299802,0.000749766,0.06649599,0.002035505,0.0001390924,0.01443878,0.0169311,0.0530736,0.007162168,0.2775663,0.5611321,0.0002456004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3422303,0.0058198,0.4093219,0.004614535,0.0003119909,0.001554791,0.002114489,0.002347815,0.2316845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7436721,0.004163189,0.2069644,0.0006551573,0.0001412451,0.0005881536,0.004118903,0.0002903239,0.03940652],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008329568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01988637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076952382","doi":"10.1007/s11416-014-0222-y","title":"Sliding window and control flow weight for metamorphic malware detection","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Opcode; Computer science; Malware; Control flow; Sliding window protocol; Compiler; Feature (linguistics); Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Window (computing); Operating system; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Shahid Alam","is_ca":true},{"name":"İbrahim Soğukpınar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Issa Traoré","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Nigel Horspool","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006507935392993599,"gpt":0.2258057382333638,"spread":0.2192978028403702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008227454,0.0006656709,0.0006180292,0.001573705,0.0003520502,0.0007111636,0.000630665,0.0004730638,0.002095982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00311715,0.0002400308,0.0004157884,0.0009526051,0.0002815014,0.001055862,0.000600993,0.0006197834,0.0003370763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004019898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006698093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003694622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003149741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994531,0.00006842528,0.00003921064,0.0001014843,0.0002689636,0.00006881814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986776,0.0005480027,0.0001302095,0.0001845502,0.0003832676,0.00007636902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001151318,0.0003044095,0.003769134,0.00009010897,0.00007609603,0.000086735,0.00009560395,0.03571531,0.07407822,0.005370773,0.001647928,0.8776143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000173434,0.0001887649,0.00287867,0.000008601079,0.00003619422,0.00006951228,0.00002790768,0.9725832,0.02144652,0.001636,0.001091456,0.00001591747],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1410518,0.0008497121,0.854066,0.00009454008,0.0001520036,0.00009097095,0.000102769,0.002462853,0.001129397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7963881,0.0003300981,0.1993182,0.00004196198,0.00007920162,0.0000732853,0.0001804799,0.0001290264,0.003459698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003694622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007346213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062181586","doi":"10.1007/s11416-014-0218-7","title":"Reversing the operating system of a Java based smart card","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute of Steel Construction","keywords":"Computer science; Java Card; Operating system; Code (set theory); Smart card; Java; OpenPGP card; Embedded system; Programming language; Smart card application protocol data unit; Java applet; Set (abstract data type)","authors":[{"name":"Guillaume Bouffard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Louis Lanet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01139985873317793,"gpt":0.2524353208183007,"spread":0.2410354620851228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000523865,0.0002850507,0.000186985,0.0003639487,0.0004229354,0.00098772,0.0007063834,0.000596108,0.00611812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002456053,0.0002042803,0.0002339698,0.0001765422,0.0008061047,0.001333407,0.0006244712,0.001315752,0.001491584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002230409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006216754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005071391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006371536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995165,0.00008129086,0.00003580352,0.000071381,0.0001880875,0.0001069563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998415,0.0002933777,0.0001378901,0.000830619,0.0002341158,0.00008891542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002412588,0.000545997,0.01144313,0.0003306845,0.00006800601,0.001753619,0.0009852054,0.007602161,0.5071357,0.1177655,0.01117396,0.3387834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003330709,0.002026601,0.0139709,0.0001680059,0.0002251409,0.003440667,0.0005485404,0.08818126,0.7370759,0.04551177,0.1082712,0.0002468538],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7052871,0.0005080057,0.2419879,0.0013054,0.00190556,0.0003077073,0.0002043168,0.01076934,0.03772454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9390464,0.0001582162,0.04703953,0.000316868,0.00005132219,0.00003622929,0.0001016783,0.0005774368,0.01267232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00611812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02046716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142515469","doi":"10.1007/s11416-013-0183-6","title":"Detecting machine-morphed malware variants via engine attribution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Computer science; Heuristics; Morphing; Set (abstract data type); Attribution; Cryptovirology; Face (sociological concept); Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Computer security; Programming language; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Radhouane Chouchane","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalia Stakhanova","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Walenstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arun Lakhotia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007616468304329786,"gpt":0.2328550062554915,"spread":0.2252385379511617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007525807,0.000692571,0.0007668578,0.004821387,0.0005651542,0.001129263,0.0008215659,0.0008978436,0.001059081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004612814,0.0003582448,0.0006285362,0.002024894,0.0004238173,0.001933893,0.001050786,0.0006682819,0.0006522114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003374849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003727809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008216402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001085865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987149,0.0001237253,0.00009235835,0.0002933268,0.0006239893,0.0001516276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995594,0.001176195,0.00115856,0.001078956,0.0008162899,0.0001760007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009784547,0.0007058291,0.1894017,0.0002668329,0.0003810106,0.001513708,0.0003633442,0.03408342,0.160186,0.005446657,0.002431243,0.6042418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002333482,0.0003526554,0.07933725,0.00003104417,0.0002126532,0.003336747,0.0001872946,0.7692291,0.1386517,0.006108563,0.002434816,0.00009481947],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8299361,0.0006170458,0.1606236,0.00009842602,0.0001547045,0.00009580531,0.0005604216,0.005244369,0.002669417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9758902,0.0001180068,0.02250036,0.00001666603,0.00003083016,0.00001003543,0.0003288403,0.00008141061,0.001023656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004821387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0039801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412481451","doi":"10.1007/s11416-025-00567-z","title":"Multiscale and Kolmogorov entropies as effective features for malware detection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Chaos control and synchronization","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Northern Borders University; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Malware; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Mahdieh Abazar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farnoush Manavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"May Altulyan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Arselene Ayari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reza Boostani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.001852850857130206,"gpt":0.2407164729874332,"spread":0.238863622130303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062705,0.0004107242,0.0004470771,0.002277373,0.0002671973,0.0008497403,0.0003207634,0.0005316163,0.0006093113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003504932,0.0002080766,0.0003894419,0.0007246473,0.0007278777,0.001378696,0.0007855151,0.0006140929,0.0001128735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003401383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002067619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005960254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007866361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997715,0.00005255097,0.00001415902,0.00003419977,0.00009093503,0.0000366008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980549,0.001080667,0.0003957957,0.0001407979,0.0001826473,0.0001452219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001381509,0.000558286,0.05022297,0.0005274341,0.0004240611,0.001087594,0.0006866977,0.296799,0.189569,0.1590462,0.004327821,0.2953694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007962378,0.0001074224,0.01824211,0.00001574754,0.00004357782,0.000155873,0.00004905383,0.962241,0.004293937,0.01436068,0.0004387851,0.00004381393],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7257649,0.001483704,0.2678837,0.0003495498,0.0001271613,0.00004366588,0.0002950838,0.0004046131,0.003647611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893267,0.0001955609,0.009762739,0.00002362399,0.00008773644,0.00001061856,0.0000673397,0.00002883644,0.0004968523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002277373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003316224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119538890","doi":"10.1007/s11416-013-0190-7","title":"A mathematical exploitation of simulated uniform scanning botnet propagation dynamics for early stage detection and management","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Botnet; Computer science; Testbed; Subgraph isomorphism problem; Graph; Identification (biology); Data mining; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer network; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Julian Rrushi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali A. Ghorbani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01172944122858044,"gpt":0.2466465734163231,"spread":0.2349171321877427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001318163,0.0007099214,0.001147567,0.00136012,0.000817858,0.001075478,0.001616575,0.002230954,0.004147866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009661224,0.0007282569,0.001047778,0.0006912384,0.001388877,0.001685538,0.001415967,0.001272602,0.0002845397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001452926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001471243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0133551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007436804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999736,0.0001041233,0.00001104784,0.00003845491,0.00005928528,0.00005110248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943152,0.00449427,0.0003981349,0.00018236,0.0004290825,0.0001809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001371909,0.00002097761,0.0003353068,0.00002228188,0.000009524276,0.00003279468,0.00002974553,0.9791648,0.0003223603,0.01860517,0.0002139029,0.001229394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000170373,0.000002393211,0.00002029429,0.000001533681,0.000001419929,0.000003664765,0.000001956697,0.9988404,0.00002026886,0.001072004,0.00003306818,0.000001377795],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1713726,0.0006706879,0.7965419,0.001536055,0.0001744917,0.0001463612,0.0003011919,0.0004907763,0.02876596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.946284,0.000309066,0.04581586,0.0001625932,0.00006218897,0.0001265802,0.00009505693,0.0001002394,0.00704443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0133551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02655476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}