{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8ca6e9ee2925","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment"}},"results":[{"id":"W4389740163","doi":"10.5141/jee.23.076","title":"The US National Ecological Observatory Network and the Global Biodiversity Framework: national research infrastructure with a global reach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Battelle; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biodiversity; Environmental resource management; Observatory; Geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Environmental planning; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Katherine M. Thibault","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine Laney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kelsey M. Yule","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nico M. Franz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paula Mabee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04345898626022703,"gpt":0.283938306323213,"spread":0.2404793200629859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00244664,0.00008233652,0.0001170411,0.000008853069,0.0008561484,0.00003997641,0.0001971948,0.0001225821,0.00200465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002274452,0.000042339,0.0000356382,0.0002023964,0.001724814,0.00007188853,0.0003631771,0.0003146011,0.000115405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001232825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003760319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009109712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001433395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984441,0.0002305806,0.0001675411,0.0001402515,0.0007441062,0.0002734364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992346,0.0004592379,0.0001195958,0.00006172583,0.00003313549,0.00009177293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003114222,0.0000384538,0.9246268,0.000001257446,0.00004558771,0.00001746619,0.00005072763,0.001925918,0.000001739188,0.008869708,0.06375727,0.0003536382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005979634,0.0001403749,0.9123403,0.000001953994,0.0000110307,0.00009829982,0.0004187452,0.0001034856,2.685889e-7,0.0282809,0.05796197,0.00004470041],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835338,0.0001467675,0.00001199179,0.01308076,0.0001229471,0.000114071,0.00005937615,0.00000498904,0.002925281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967799,0.001772654,0.0001537615,0.00116032,0.00008119782,0.000007922322,0.000007678692,0.000001350589,0.00003527451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01941119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3215488370","doi":"10.1186/s41610-021-00210-0","title":"PollMap: a software for crop pollination mapping in agricultural landscapes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Pollination; Ecosystem services; Agriculture; Habitat; Software; Ecology; Agroforestry; Computer science; Biology; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Ehsan Rahimi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shahindokht Barghjelveh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pinliang Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Arshadi Pirlar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Mehdi Jahanbakhshian","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02398552420676022,"gpt":0.1880214037282472,"spread":0.164035879521487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112681,0.00004835736,0.0001256264,0.000007364031,0.00008419824,0.000009377189,0.0000327672,0.00004554372,0.00005693044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004035576,0.00001765976,0.00003767374,0.00003980846,0.00001428941,0.00004630489,0.00002563436,0.00005437254,0.00000148694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001873907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000269364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002336772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003976184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996188,0.00002169405,0.0001468057,0.00006776099,0.00004382115,0.00010114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997485,0.0001244971,0.00008156287,0.000004175036,0.00001576326,0.00002551097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007690724,0.0002527259,0.7438959,0.0000159448,0.0000674335,0.00007479834,0.0003257706,0.0000941758,0.2230716,0.0001723708,0.0010297,0.03092267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002171539,0.0001690379,0.9878572,0.00001043372,0.000007349078,0.00006140149,0.0005040249,0.000005643131,0.0004237732,0.0004390706,0.01025874,0.00004620806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954482,0.0009245039,0.000007191131,0.00348956,0.00003782509,0.00003660363,0.000009252226,0.000001666879,0.00004516689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983994,0.0008500909,0.0003923683,0.0001044009,0.0001196068,0.000002634887,0.000005496005,2.059672e-7,0.0001258067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2439613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07201439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947145004","doi":"10.1186/s41610-019-0116-5","title":"Effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on the allelopathic potential of common ragweed","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","topic":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; Seoul National University","keywords":"Allelopathy; Ragweed; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Botany; Biology; Sesquiterpene; Germination","authors":[{"name":"Jichul Bae","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chaeho Byun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yun Gyong Ahn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jung Hyun Choi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dowon Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hojeong Kang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004308611370649367,"gpt":0.1823318598950998,"spread":0.1780232485244505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005062501,0.00007268916,0.0002236803,0.000003215158,0.00004648558,0.000002027828,0.00009959597,0.00007387561,0.0004516312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001978878,0.00002309317,0.00008374721,0.00003413419,0.00006946582,0.00002331181,0.00002971274,0.0001770813,0.000005029691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001704559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003187215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001437643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009058387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992391,0.000246711,0.0002555915,0.00006616264,0.0001033435,0.00008910352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991395,0.0004675038,0.0003199511,0.00003658543,0.000009545356,0.00002691823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009786229,0.0002798433,0.08467977,0.00001629464,0.0001194018,0.00001226257,0.0001449733,0.001575677,0.9061988,0.00006745122,0.00003468532,0.005892234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004488652,0.00818218,0.9425337,0.00003547568,0.00005857378,0.00005733381,0.0001612579,0.0002398617,0.04741606,0.000215467,0.0005750149,0.0000761512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988268,0.00007985504,5.013322e-7,0.0005790631,0.0001538413,0.0001139974,0.000002046396,0.000001108178,0.0002427772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996539,0.0001516427,0.000007667239,0.00006126823,0.00004328433,0.000001896159,0.000001068558,5.49734e-7,0.0000786684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8587827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4945045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395045175","doi":"10.5141/jee.24.011","title":"Regeneration and leaf traits variation of <i>Rhododendron campanulatum</i> along elevation gradient in western Nepal Himalaya","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Ecotone; Elevation (ballistics); Range (aeronautics); Biology; Canopy; Specific leaf area; Population; Tree line; Climate change; Ecology; Botany; Shrub","authors":[{"name":"Dipesh Karki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bijay Pandeya","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rachana Bhandari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dikshya Basnet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Balkrishna Ghimire","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shreehari Bhattarai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bharat Babu Shrestha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01231099148619401,"gpt":0.2076880745860098,"spread":0.1953770830998158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004699104,0.00006319706,0.0001327871,0.0001261235,0.00003107135,0.00001687027,0.00003022464,0.00006232723,0.00007617929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001868465,0.00005186816,0.00001947087,0.00003893773,0.00004360141,0.0001934182,0.000005900209,0.0001032804,0.000003969279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001631887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001861107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006549648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001112387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999319,0.00009589433,0.0002905651,0.0001002672,0.00009669546,0.00009761253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996446,0.0001645131,0.0001163177,0.00003046121,0.000004360129,0.00003975127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001135912,0.00002491622,0.9649352,0.00003633057,0.00002040847,0.00004041617,0.0008827911,0.01208754,0.003053027,0.00003563139,0.00001352999,0.01875664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002461672,0.00037541,0.9940702,0.0000310923,0.00002500371,0.0001455719,0.00004428639,0.004349534,0.0001782132,0.0002715562,0.0002162532,0.00004670449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975145,0.001555782,0.0001778094,0.0005035379,0.0001622355,0.000057226,0.0000070852,0.000002403979,0.00001946262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978606,0.001531203,0.0004972506,0.00002585568,0.00004673317,3.5432e-7,0.000006202727,0.000001918829,0.00002989266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02913503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2115122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310184511","doi":"10.5141/jee.22.069","title":"Soil properties and molecular compositions of soil organic matter in four different Arctic regions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; Korea Polar Research Institute; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Soil organic matter; Organic matter; Arctic; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Soil water; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Sujeong Jeong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sungjin Nam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ji Young Jung","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0262385462501649,"gpt":0.1841682529216729,"spread":0.157929706671508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001150978,0.00005476185,0.0001408856,0.00006409296,0.00009521746,0.000005163462,0.00004840711,0.00002220934,0.004559684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002376851,0.00004164118,0.00002363184,0.00002206525,0.00008364519,0.00003764505,0.00003029578,0.0001382596,0.000004996128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001072387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007317217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001146388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001431557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994967,0.00008458074,0.0001786128,0.00006587805,0.00007687593,0.00009737437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999773,0.00004149309,0.00009453131,0.00004448539,0.000003081505,0.00004344896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004859753,0.00005982022,0.9906368,0.00001968108,0.00001962041,0.00005684615,0.000489646,0.0027281,0.005738254,0.000004070928,0.00009698818,0.0001016311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003250705,0.0003840118,0.9972559,0.00001085153,0.00002590774,0.0003679747,0.0004306051,0.0003936844,0.0001628637,0.0004314024,0.0001621635,0.00004956948],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958036,0.0009427414,0.000004870002,0.003047392,0.00006540758,0.00004475765,0.00003738217,5.137805e-7,0.00005336801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985033,0.0009931261,0.00001171901,0.0004263214,0.00001324243,0.000001117505,0.00001291001,0.000001656374,0.00003664937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00661915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}