{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":39,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":39,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"3f8eabba8428","filters":{"venue":"Journal of English Linguistics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2161950325","doi":"10.1177/0075424208316648","title":"Regional Phonetic Differentiation in Standard Canadian English","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Atlas (anatomy); Geography; Taxonomy (biology); American English; Regional variation; British English; Linguistics; History; Genealogy; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Charles Boberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02682260153193031,"gpt":0.2796755685648237,"spread":0.2528529670328933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001206702,0.0002831795,0.0004773938,0.004085126,0.00318152,0.002255079,0.0007747111,0.0002500165,0.002163421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004995288,0.0002178325,0.0003091251,0.00538562,0.002225701,0.0005511388,0.001785933,0.0004471097,0.0002032783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008694752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01033879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9031501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9656993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972934,0.000187173,0.0001900015,0.0006697369,0.001072254,0.0005874221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970562,0.0004578639,0.000235719,0.000252856,0.001798423,0.0001988801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009454278,0.00006363961,0.500663,0.0005327722,0.000227425,0.001740595,0.2141756,0.001381123,0.05708234,0.01465106,0.003204502,0.2053325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004263468,0.00003115618,0.9744729,0.00003141117,0.00004210903,0.0003126597,0.01842966,0.0002974558,0.001080474,0.0004014262,0.004853188,0.00004328026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829851,0.000482005,0.0006213346,0.00008316238,0.00001187371,0.00002002032,0.0008752735,0.00002058135,0.01490061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983928,0.0001447319,0.0003583666,0.00001546652,0.00000271545,0.000007807533,0.0003513534,0.00001413278,0.0007126713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09684992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1948406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111399096","doi":"10.1177/00754240122005512","title":"Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Linguistics; Language change; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Laurel J. Brinton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0723763229130231,"gpt":0.2514987282562124,"spread":0.1791224053431894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00211557,0.0001550854,0.0002695226,0.001284998,0.002241915,0.007471205,0.0008494261,0.001140508,0.00808202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01165557,0.0003697893,0.0002488351,0.001239651,0.007042813,0.009745372,0.002956383,0.001812627,0.0005197627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002827524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003311348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0143411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01081894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982308,0.0008230597,0.00004531926,0.0002851069,0.0002424915,0.0003731935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948384,0.002459914,0.0005185666,0.0003855618,0.00124923,0.0005481894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003115593,0.0001477685,0.04028574,0.000110682,0.00003084115,0.0007385274,0.2448088,0.00070059,0.005675976,0.6617032,0.001882705,0.04360374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005783078,0.0001362913,0.1356795,0.0001813153,0.00006462272,0.0006623361,0.1996333,0.002521318,0.003112413,0.6155351,0.04232762,0.00008838052],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8537738,0.0006501607,0.007623799,0.008103891,0.00004473844,0.00004731644,0.0002581162,0.00008232364,0.1294158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971107,0.0001376402,0.0008701553,0.00008871233,0.000008850871,0.00001403123,0.00004819422,0.00005298726,0.001668792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0143411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02851528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037048750","doi":"10.1177/0075424205286006","title":"The Markers of Habitual Aspect in English","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Discourse marker; Past tense; Simple (philosophy); Psychology; History; Epistemology; Philosophy; Verb","authors":[{"name":"Robert I. Binnick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01640773835252205,"gpt":0.2345316930590215,"spread":0.2181239547064995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009452825,0.0002560821,0.0003257345,0.001185411,0.001237251,0.003234573,0.0004788396,0.0005284796,0.00461906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002981547,0.0004352238,0.0002255774,0.00156653,0.003292238,0.006816464,0.002135351,0.001027967,0.0005051522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008441259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004332607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001780107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001931804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992424,0.0002552117,0.00007787333,0.000137653,0.0001925991,0.00009424183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985225,0.0004854549,0.0002199167,0.0003376361,0.0003317936,0.0001027715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001137311,0.00003689991,0.00619205,0.0001628553,0.00002040214,0.0005997183,0.0375229,0.0002351155,0.007255638,0.9072503,0.00161325,0.03899723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006210134,0.0001360245,0.0374028,0.0002828911,0.00009060561,0.002546783,0.01713127,0.003277899,0.00956506,0.7529501,0.1763894,0.0001651226],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5367252,0.002984385,0.0488589,0.002283783,0.000194529,0.00007920536,0.0004959339,0.0005681819,0.4078099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914126,0.0003795119,0.003120709,0.0001277542,0.00005702935,0.00001792899,0.0001072692,0.0001271651,0.004649937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00461906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01545233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019129849","doi":"10.1177/0075424210367484","title":"The Stuff of Change: General Extenders in Toronto, Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Semantic change; British English; Varieties of English; Happening; Sociology; Australian English; Psychology; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true},{"name":"Derek Denis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02968123472497652,"gpt":0.3237942655860482,"spread":0.2941130308610717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004886527,0.0003494944,0.0005055153,0.002292794,0.004391884,0.001804429,0.0005519939,0.0003679426,0.00274495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001647087,0.0002464362,0.0002634608,0.006788559,0.002089567,0.0007011179,0.001499896,0.0006579561,0.0002019584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03008118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02180942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9942563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9985184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993777,0.00005005909,0.00004434499,0.000122953,0.0001910744,0.0002138073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998519,0.0002703831,0.0002254149,0.00007294904,0.0006370699,0.0002751698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004652155,0.00004039814,0.5556982,0.0005974226,0.0001224263,0.005121547,0.3450963,0.000515433,0.008686473,0.005886388,0.009363822,0.0684064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005104722,0.00002089889,0.9065372,0.00007927456,0.00004085038,0.0004707169,0.07517201,0.0002005454,0.0004384925,0.0001531025,0.01684475,0.0000371274],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989603,0.001311839,0.0001267237,0.0003514107,0.00001139404,0.00001707145,0.002621318,0.000009636242,0.005947696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946048,0.000991198,0.0001856359,0.00008825812,0.000004649122,0.000008182185,0.001692891,0.00001460963,0.002409839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03008118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2182552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200556519","doi":"10.1177/00754242211046316","title":"Accent Bias and Perceptions of Professional Competence in England","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Perception; Ethnic group; Psychology; Competence (human resources); Population; Social psychology; Salient; Linguistics; Sociology; Political science; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Erez Levon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Devyani Sharma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominic Watt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amanda Cardoso","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yang Ye","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.035587961861192,"gpt":0.3409567496806485,"spread":0.3053687878194565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001285333,0.0000966826,0.0002217737,0.0007038765,0.0008425873,0.001370932,0.0001869846,0.0002497201,0.003002638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004644261,0.0001545578,0.00008161904,0.0004486704,0.001107373,0.0006487945,0.001456156,0.0003737732,0.0002252434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009260309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004093085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04246667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07650746,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993691,0.0002196393,0.00006148912,0.00009297046,0.0001531547,0.000103692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966851,0.0009975631,0.001243097,0.0001120399,0.0004278706,0.0005343154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001651404,0.00003754354,0.7556326,0.00005144981,0.00001965409,0.0006501621,0.2325766,0.00003564739,0.003102938,0.0004026789,0.0002437893,0.007081883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003119622,0.00006044549,0.9315094,0.00002756137,0.000004430055,0.0002153281,0.06672951,0.00003756348,0.0001301854,0.00008354997,0.001188401,0.00001057394],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991118,0.00005531955,0.00001915711,0.00003990115,0.000001713765,0.000001385915,0.00001421516,3.279563e-7,0.000756179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994922,0.00005441009,0.00001412154,0.00001640857,0.000001908473,0.000001661675,0.00001159145,6.394863e-7,0.0004070091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04246667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08443898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166851034","doi":"10.1177/0075424204269752","title":"Contextualizing St. John’s Youth English within the Canadian Quotative System","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Vernacular; Mainland; Varieties of English; Linguistics; History; Norm (philosophy); Sociology; Geography; Gender studies; Political science; Law; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra D’Arcy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0313904970922613,"gpt":0.2908996588880633,"spread":0.259509161795802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001310665,0.0002403977,0.0003271605,0.002432132,0.007679387,0.00317312,0.0006472789,0.0003390165,0.002017992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002715569,0.0001784089,0.0001410085,0.003349239,0.007266378,0.00100857,0.002090537,0.0007099004,0.00009567868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0385265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02719101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.977591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9942046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998752,0.0002679393,0.00004602711,0.0002412455,0.0002655734,0.0004271254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981012,0.0006070375,0.0001802996,0.0001131342,0.0008096319,0.0001887226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001061767,0.00002094956,0.08612253,0.0002246789,0.00002876858,0.001671798,0.7898354,0.0004086074,0.007952648,0.07116465,0.004101095,0.03836277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007176116,0.00003353816,0.3288162,0.0002151596,0.00005509846,0.0007505717,0.5456947,0.0007120441,0.002356624,0.002888352,0.1183873,0.00008325167],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957342,0.0007927852,0.001005802,0.0009106894,0.00002550168,0.00002351254,0.0004538159,0.00001441502,0.0394314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973555,0.0001990083,0.0004405121,0.0000548834,0.000002628887,0.00000605329,0.0001025238,0.00001175855,0.001827335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0385265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2795306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092207525","doi":"10.1177/0075424211414808","title":"The Written Questionnaire as a Sociolinguistic Data Gathering Tool","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Psychology; Data collection; Relation (database); Equivalence (formal languages); History; Computer science; Sociology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Dollinger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06277196259250001,"gpt":0.3332674110528602,"spread":0.2704954484603602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02956687,0.0005006657,0.0005353321,0.003853149,0.0009281115,0.001411728,0.0008267428,0.000460711,0.006648402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05686623,0.000396908,0.000282054,0.002804201,0.001496313,0.001168416,0.001518802,0.0008532315,0.002449651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008351722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002500238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002735152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005458278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9616733,0.03025865,0.002917876,0.0009677212,0.003819184,0.0003633484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9151072,0.05103865,0.005046655,0.008981928,0.01867258,0.001152988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008175787,0.001753358,0.1320802,0.003564732,0.00009948812,0.0008341478,0.07221933,0.00170095,0.04953707,0.009946546,0.03503709,0.6924096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006659146,0.01005354,0.5591077,0.002438352,0.0001522478,0.00149992,0.1011527,0.01198599,0.03991329,0.0124881,0.2600741,0.000468114],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5895328,0.0005871346,0.2916253,0.002625336,0.0009831445,0.04936926,0.01383112,0.001466021,0.04997995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5871804,0.0007876796,0.3193772,0.001356501,0.0002968997,0.06877812,0.004633419,0.0002951859,0.01729453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02956687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1563664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790379877","doi":"10.1177/0075424217753987","title":"Joining the Western Region: Sociophonetic Shift in Victoria","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Generalizability theory; Geography; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Feature (linguistics); Scale (ratio); Set (abstract data type); History; Linguistics; Cartography; Psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Rebecca Roeder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sky Onosson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra D’Arcy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03213872285659806,"gpt":0.3177803623174676,"spread":0.2856416394608696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009031167,0.0001660771,0.0004018524,0.001502683,0.006993575,0.003231819,0.0009733017,0.000656584,0.002292742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002451255,0.0002854768,0.0001791948,0.003423475,0.0022537,0.0009175949,0.003321245,0.001004717,0.0002911751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01420053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01063778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9306138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9798132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998382,0.0002924512,0.00004289443,0.0002735747,0.000392559,0.0006166854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983686,0.0002023371,0.0001962389,0.00006231468,0.0006904053,0.0004801835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001451265,0.00004153977,0.1523116,0.00008301299,0.00002596846,0.0009888242,0.8084492,0.00006678772,0.00582454,0.00265085,0.001302004,0.02811057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000216923,0.00003429973,0.4788236,0.0000733514,0.00001133162,0.0003089655,0.5076758,0.0001883887,0.0002252021,0.0002470939,0.01236294,0.00004691562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952881,0.0001912709,0.00006286848,0.0002114946,0.000007041415,0.00001075101,0.00007914328,0.000002894091,0.004146391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979672,0.0001668079,0.00009368936,0.00007145179,0.000002407073,0.000007542715,0.00005987513,0.000006830013,0.00162413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9306138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1395897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2932785723","doi":"10.1177/0075424219831353","title":"A Closer Look at the Short Front Vowel Shift in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vowel; Linguistics; American English; Variation (astronomy); Front (military); Identity (music); Psychology; History; Geography; Acoustics","authors":[{"name":"Charles Boberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01277158090968611,"gpt":0.2660481945530873,"spread":0.2532766136434012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003532121,0.0002607581,0.0002644811,0.002576833,0.004479381,0.001574899,0.0004171324,0.0003966489,0.002702758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001061455,0.0001314305,0.0003052436,0.003864581,0.001185741,0.0003518427,0.0008998322,0.0006284389,0.0003058617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01057031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01293029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9698172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9914801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991906,0.00004480152,0.00002648136,0.0000979442,0.0003507691,0.0002893847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989486,0.0001066773,0.00009627273,0.00002599866,0.0006559263,0.0001665415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008192285,0.00006910392,0.708891,0.0004532607,0.0001232078,0.00266745,0.09550935,0.000651826,0.04817529,0.00431679,0.004925206,0.1333983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003083303,0.00004605712,0.9399132,0.0000474171,0.00002364879,0.0003660524,0.0417883,0.0001894256,0.001387795,0.0001486785,0.01604596,0.00004045724],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834936,0.001108377,0.0002597558,0.000559437,0.00003981122,0.00001310318,0.0006306017,0.000009710554,0.01388557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946154,0.0008062597,0.0002787457,0.0001543924,0.00001111625,0.000003819121,0.0003292866,0.00001143664,0.003789475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03018284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0766933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022344000","doi":"10.1177/00754240022004929","title":"Short-a in Cincinnati","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; History; Art","authors":[{"name":"Charles Boberg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie Strassel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02499029429613084,"gpt":0.3216675312140132,"spread":0.2966772369178824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005624464,0.0004782316,0.0002794458,0.001261262,0.004656537,0.002611882,0.0008187321,0.0007312639,0.1489791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001454315,0.0002147075,0.000200256,0.003141126,0.0009127468,0.00148399,0.002213635,0.0008187157,0.0169279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004080938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002498119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08002251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1901013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995302,0.0000612654,0.00005043035,0.0001558733,0.0001156454,0.00008656822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989036,0.0001091085,0.0001479706,0.0001469289,0.0003659497,0.0003263869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006001717,0.0001601691,0.03917388,0.001110692,0.00006978829,0.003190683,0.01874122,0.0003259342,0.005969833,0.06792405,0.5141031,0.3486306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006444232,0.00002569676,0.02783075,0.00008528394,0.000008059315,0.0001841944,0.003667186,0.00003626971,0.0002868758,0.0005486194,0.9673104,0.00001014384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07336008,0.01042415,0.001163815,0.009573019,0.004658188,0.0002021803,0.008428372,0.0003119733,0.8918782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1913198,0.003224371,0.00115487,0.001802798,0.0004985408,0.0002112007,0.003620212,0.0001977304,0.7979705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1489791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4983847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004233409","doi":"10.1177/0075424211418976","title":"On the Use of <i>As If, As Though</i> , and <i>Like</i> in Present-Day English Complementation Structures","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación","keywords":"Complementizer; Variation (astronomy); Adverbial; Linguistics; Complement (music); Varieties of English; History of English; American English; History; Old English; Minor (academic); British English; Early Modern English; Corpus linguistics; Art; Syntax; Complementation; Humanities; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"María José López-Couso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Belén Méndez-Naya","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07571881392094323,"gpt":0.3248696046229099,"spread":0.2491507907019666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00297952,0.0001778776,0.0001710591,0.002254186,0.00261637,0.002429531,0.0005955742,0.0005080143,0.004178968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006008571,0.0002591555,0.0001260587,0.002461586,0.006320911,0.003651635,0.001689838,0.001004926,0.0002817234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002867037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001523303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02578705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0869997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984949,0.0006489925,0.00007904598,0.0002744592,0.0003371842,0.0001654263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9900473,0.006880345,0.001379812,0.0006153164,0.0009064235,0.0001708734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004026092,0.0001539109,0.1162482,0.0004353256,0.0000595663,0.0007202168,0.5486653,0.0003104511,0.01732832,0.2062177,0.002306281,0.107152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000314789,0.000153136,0.5765073,0.0004696636,0.0001154487,0.001541321,0.2921124,0.001194738,0.009068072,0.01787083,0.1007982,0.0001373319],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9314106,0.0008123833,0.00211836,0.0005568865,0.00001568772,0.00002548234,0.0001655479,0.00001282057,0.06488224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967017,0.0003584377,0.0007424229,0.00007056828,0.00001039714,0.00001291336,0.0001284967,0.00002516192,0.001949898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02578705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05127394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074529067","doi":"10.1177/0075424213502810","title":"Linguistic Insecurity Forty Years Later","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology; Linguistics; Index (typography); Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Dennis R. Preston","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01896464599259353,"gpt":0.2933064006859971,"spread":0.2743417546934036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001224103,0.0003728927,0.0002700326,0.001558299,0.001936181,0.002341917,0.0003471766,0.0007270991,0.007801842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003460173,0.0001680157,0.0002988919,0.001086606,0.003006171,0.002296017,0.002632669,0.00215204,0.001089772],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004818333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002770068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04123085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05507299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992643,0.0001496806,0.00006175439,0.0001784767,0.000216399,0.0001294248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985845,0.000313159,0.0002295424,0.0001080834,0.0005454792,0.000219369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002783184,0.00009827064,0.1147968,0.0005151813,0.00009554603,0.001891205,0.08270428,0.0005357058,0.002543292,0.1837459,0.05721203,0.5555836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006757198,0.0001393304,0.1517145,0.0007851251,0.0000264291,0.001352222,0.01712504,0.0001719614,0.0008575069,0.008164052,0.8195858,0.00007139069],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6686558,0.06013647,0.005173718,0.06457785,0.006035615,0.00009997527,0.002407615,0.0001113383,0.1928017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8705233,0.03037913,0.00199031,0.005977189,0.001589855,0.0001080432,0.001292742,0.00006107199,0.0880785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04123085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08198172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010806217","doi":"10.1177/0075424203257833","title":"The Gerund and the to-Infinitive as Subject","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Infinitive; Linguistics; Gerund; Verb; Predicate (mathematical logic); Philosophy; Causative; Mathematics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Duffley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01904409896513703,"gpt":0.2442195008286833,"spread":0.2251754018635463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00179545,0.0005143419,0.0005594597,0.001533735,0.001765296,0.003699988,0.0005721942,0.000805121,0.006317066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003998303,0.0003398547,0.0003055868,0.00128192,0.004054839,0.00652161,0.002677981,0.001838847,0.0009398101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006728525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007625333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001683058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985712,0.0005533015,0.000113431,0.0003349178,0.0003073068,0.0001197882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984304,0.0009622848,0.0001271172,0.000315351,0.0001254397,0.00003930373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001540506,0.00006044663,0.003745588,0.0002841298,0.00001532559,0.0007087341,0.02660865,0.0001753832,0.006801466,0.9177963,0.002933122,0.04071693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008987552,0.0002164106,0.02569415,0.0004788794,0.00009271751,0.007460428,0.0327997,0.003488367,0.01978735,0.4068024,0.5029503,0.0001394952],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4984938,0.001773762,0.02192257,0.001873799,0.000600139,0.00008767965,0.0004975443,0.0002790006,0.4744717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855575,0.000459926,0.002471566,0.0002398208,0.0001166404,0.00003518217,0.0003268138,0.0001881264,0.01060427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006317066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02113271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038424152","doi":"10.1177/00754240022005018","title":"Gerund versus Infinitive as Complement of Transitive Verbs in English","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Humanities; Infinitive; Gerund; Linguistics; Verb","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Duffley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03452196402145997,"gpt":0.2689264570060469,"spread":0.234404492984587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001794757,0.0005344687,0.0005238281,0.001351604,0.00172954,0.005455517,0.0006395449,0.00137985,0.005064872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025484,0.0005961416,0.0004960201,0.001121123,0.004748331,0.006708332,0.001769494,0.0009192362,0.000478915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001736733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009133374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005550422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007936402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986047,0.0007124305,0.0001423879,0.0002066327,0.0002172512,0.0001165789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978433,0.001477737,0.0001609119,0.0001763391,0.000292304,0.00004945404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001058558,0.00002694502,0.001966052,0.000170706,0.00001313236,0.000362384,0.01433607,0.0002281867,0.004239269,0.9665602,0.0006921684,0.01129897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001921078,0.0003547044,0.02211049,0.0005150918,0.0001899039,0.005886792,0.03500199,0.00879219,0.01309743,0.7708508,0.142786,0.0002224973],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7036258,0.004225425,0.0578082,0.00155249,0.0001979327,0.00009182314,0.0004044314,0.0002827145,0.2318112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871519,0.0005556466,0.005864976,0.0001480271,0.00005100045,0.00003684947,0.0001404069,0.0001076713,0.005943691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005550422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01694369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319598474","doi":"10.1177/00754242221145164","title":"Exploring the Vowel Space of Multicultural Toronto English","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto Mississauga; Connaught Fund","keywords":"Multiculturalism; Immigration; Vowel; Gender studies; Repertoire; Sociology; Cohesion (chemistry); Geography; Linguistics; History; Media studies; Art; Literature; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Derek Denis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vidhya Elango","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nur Sakinah Nor Kamal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Srishti Prashar","is_ca":true},{"name":"María Velasco","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07530204482226759,"gpt":0.3238930548223543,"spread":0.2485910100000867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004256386,0.0002352408,0.0001865823,0.001218496,0.002006298,0.00161093,0.0003230467,0.000246406,0.002207389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001216628,0.0001422835,0.0001265734,0.001429471,0.001732106,0.0004351165,0.00171565,0.0002518371,0.0001368974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00296066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001863279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4170245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.763469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99964,0.00008411215,0.0000185487,0.00008334797,0.00008205156,0.0000918692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992099,0.000286649,0.0001453022,0.00006532124,0.0001826897,0.0001101204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002002064,0.00002378458,0.2685387,0.0001799305,0.00004879242,0.001226049,0.6608355,0.0002200183,0.03273438,0.002486029,0.00059284,0.0329138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002269661,0.00003287012,0.738608,0.0000380136,0.00001968538,0.0004342269,0.2545925,0.0002874765,0.001078765,0.0001740291,0.004710756,0.00002144958],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997256,0.00007133505,0.0001125574,0.0000259818,0.000001665505,0.000003982477,0.00008742596,0.000001939554,0.002439217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991292,0.00005949731,0.0001218614,0.00001007005,0.000001415869,0.000003928508,0.00009531884,0.000003844647,0.0005748947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5829755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8291943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999453917","doi":"10.1177/0075424219896397","title":"Foreign (a) in North American English: Variation and Change in Loan Phonology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vowel; American English; Mid vowel; Linguistics; Vowel length; Pronunciation; Phonology; Variation (astronomy); History; Psychology; Formant; Astrophysics","authors":[{"name":"Charles Boberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03494132452090481,"gpt":0.2987776182650439,"spread":0.2638362937441391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005266763,0.0001494386,0.0001498364,0.001303001,0.001653911,0.0007728096,0.000334438,0.0002861652,0.001475044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002171971,0.0001553909,0.0001193696,0.001305817,0.00105417,0.0002676892,0.0006943505,0.0002379164,0.0002011735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001165704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001132078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3378423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7121969,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994579,0.00007996233,0.00003443095,0.0001275281,0.0002017343,0.00009842178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982517,0.0004240542,0.0002461749,0.0001150726,0.0006854365,0.0002774751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005987071,0.0001142716,0.7831401,0.0001547009,0.00007157687,0.001165937,0.0859595,0.0001460653,0.07107019,0.0008080946,0.0009435369,0.05582735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000183568,0.00002612724,0.9866642,0.000005930047,0.000008903005,0.0003298961,0.01091919,0.00006561469,0.0006079394,0.00003122525,0.001329181,0.000009892422],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988581,0.00004844199,0.0000382669,0.00001204394,0.000001925637,0.000002821768,0.00003311753,0.000002270314,0.00100301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990487,0.00008056985,0.000148239,0.000009432943,0.000001413267,0.000004020743,0.00007447266,0.000004620835,0.0006286098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3378423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6717516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111252854","doi":"10.1177/0075424214521425","title":"The Extremes of Insubordination","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Adverbial; Adjunct; Linguistics; Dependent clause; Ellipsis (linguistics); Meaning (existential); Complement (music); Style (visual arts); State (computer science); Sociology; History; Philosophy; Computer science; Literature; Art; Epistemology; Sentence","authors":[{"name":"Laurel J. Brinton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0279747615755264,"gpt":0.270085624742161,"spread":0.2421108631666346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002737382,0.0003338938,0.0003492243,0.0008452729,0.003852132,0.005207285,0.001001552,0.001317928,0.004187752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006410014,0.0004173359,0.0002440687,0.0007133469,0.01397291,0.00889004,0.005718563,0.002680377,0.0005325652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001908506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001118804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002230426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002230911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968737,0.001487787,0.0001235477,0.0004925904,0.0006151182,0.0004072229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973774,0.001353643,0.0002276675,0.0005510891,0.0003634932,0.0001266919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005364639,0.0000103865,0.0006656702,0.00003059044,0.000003743741,0.0002803286,0.04724089,0.00003955177,0.001352348,0.9372621,0.0005496039,0.0125111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003482285,0.0001029888,0.004819413,0.0002566706,0.00003825413,0.00152118,0.05458499,0.002134083,0.006418846,0.7538008,0.1762316,0.00005641003],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4415527,0.002467177,0.0698005,0.005123132,0.0002323282,0.00007485849,0.00007682,0.0002952213,0.4803773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904027,0.0001623432,0.002615547,0.0002233465,0.00004305726,0.00001843836,0.0000209857,0.00008460833,0.006428881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005207285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01447684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094374500","doi":"10.1177/0075424209340313","title":"Hip-hop in a Post-insular Community","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Vernacular; Sociology; Ideology; Sociolinguistics; Linguistics; Gender studies; White (mutation); Focus (optics); Unit (ring theory); History; Politics; Political science; Psychology; Law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Sandra Clarke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Hiscock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02699396761646594,"gpt":0.3221050829044282,"spread":0.2951111152879622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000577333,0.0004212505,0.0005169757,0.001168305,0.02749015,0.003538616,0.001067745,0.001162867,0.008417931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001109143,0.0003109634,0.0001489663,0.001329798,0.006401692,0.001515375,0.006041071,0.002534523,0.0006339324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008536013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009356288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.50967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8263576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985949,0.0002201461,0.00001262971,0.000115478,0.0001127492,0.000944131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989352,0.00008465829,0.00009962207,0.00004107087,0.0001475373,0.000691916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001613553,0.0005782514,0.06554197,0.00007029758,0.00001094125,0.006874617,0.8900919,0.00004282596,0.000871894,0.006640951,0.006203793,0.02291113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001012857,0.0001101965,0.02794567,0.00005935694,0.000006015615,0.0006169041,0.958525,0.00003893614,0.00009184329,0.0003020244,0.01227871,0.00001522998],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906046,0.0001866261,0.00003706387,0.0009482231,0.00003946354,0.00002241046,0.00002711118,0.000005578756,0.008129024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989527,0.0002328925,0.00005651407,0.0005115127,0.00001918139,0.00002015287,0.00003797788,0.000006789011,0.009587969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.50967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9864354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031868128","doi":"10.1177/0075424208317127","title":"A Dialect Turned Inside Out","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Aside; Negotiation; Sociology; Phenomenon; Geography; Sociolinguistics; Genealogy; Gender studies; Linguistics; History; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Kirk Hazen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Hamilton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04667500316058597,"gpt":0.3190363392151673,"spread":0.2723613360545813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002302596,0.000229,0.0001989366,0.0002945204,0.004630588,0.001819105,0.0001951593,0.0004293965,0.007667398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005322339,0.00009578202,0.0001797376,0.0003578639,0.001560984,0.001237551,0.00127326,0.001033392,0.001014502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007855947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005882041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0196162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02961314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997837,0.0000477144,0.000007699025,0.00006646574,0.00003153979,0.00006281248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998164,0.00002793371,0.00001733967,0.00002710373,0.00006960944,0.00004174023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003164872,0.00005406192,0.06669395,0.0001699484,0.00004688943,0.01017889,0.6672741,0.00005567238,0.02547096,0.1074026,0.02228074,0.1000558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008393756,0.0001627128,0.08915118,0.0002155962,0.00006817983,0.007219882,0.3450444,0.0001118299,0.003404474,0.005365737,0.5491901,0.00005756933],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8208361,0.0007031526,0.0009995127,0.003048209,0.001098102,0.00001786927,0.000172165,0.0000466908,0.1730783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9374121,0.000220763,0.0003482959,0.0006538806,0.0000535746,0.000007778265,0.00005506936,0.00004461167,0.06120384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0196162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03900409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140166192","doi":"10.1177/0075424209339924","title":"“Aren’t We Proud of Our Language?”","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Vernacular; Variety (cybernetics); Commodification; Character (mathematics); Media studies; Sociology; Mainland; Linguistics; History; Advertising; Art; Literature; Computer science; Business; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Ruth King","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jennifer Wicks","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02269840016773845,"gpt":0.3388766390607659,"spread":0.3161782388930275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001971239,0.0003551631,0.0002613712,0.0006777922,0.009993411,0.007854997,0.0009207973,0.001379502,0.003142472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004117042,0.0001416043,0.0001603815,0.0008956058,0.033864,0.005022465,0.001802678,0.00441371,0.0008243505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.010522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006910226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2431161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3100117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975637,0.0009696553,0.00004138429,0.0002713063,0.0005643277,0.0005896853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982615,0.0003778377,0.0002310678,0.0001267425,0.0007334751,0.0002693394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004501208,0.00001965791,0.006123297,0.0001077134,0.00001777567,0.0007229653,0.6202498,0.00007008269,0.0006825952,0.2782119,0.05559763,0.03815156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004753829,0.00002251489,0.01021893,0.0002308206,0.00001892477,0.0007150091,0.519585,0.0001137371,0.0005005525,0.01668067,0.4518777,0.00003137437],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2618375,0.01252033,0.006362798,0.219443,0.002420966,0.00004789423,0.0001713734,0.0001015288,0.4970946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652937,0.001338026,0.0006203876,0.006946154,0.0003258807,0.00001411949,0.00004313808,0.00005779509,0.02536088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2431161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.483402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004952918","doi":"10.1177/0075424219881487","title":"A <i>Cool</i> Comparison: Adjectives of Positive Evaluation in Toronto, Canada and York, England","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Predicative expression; Attributive; Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Field (mathematics); Variation (astronomy); Sociology; History; Computer science; Mathematics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true},{"name":"Katharina Pabst","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02930033726634557,"gpt":0.3173086254904569,"spread":0.2880082882241113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004805182,0.0003085404,0.0003444203,0.0025548,0.003228001,0.002225654,0.000447088,0.0003101072,0.003416805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002443985,0.0001349331,0.0002460123,0.004814448,0.003246945,0.0007638726,0.001426194,0.000563327,0.0003555029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01735384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006664567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9465935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.984692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992663,0.00008823035,0.00005298132,0.0001384325,0.0002481571,0.0002058879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972693,0.0005882006,0.0004335982,0.0001387838,0.001187059,0.0003830368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001657255,0.00006471213,0.4985268,0.0007305776,0.0002026588,0.003077934,0.3870901,0.0006229667,0.03505377,0.01114902,0.01279649,0.04902767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001110367,0.00002718127,0.8383767,0.00007266028,0.0000469992,0.0003469712,0.142389,0.0002352315,0.001421214,0.0001972709,0.01681451,0.00006113231],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900156,0.0003939435,0.0001962949,0.0001290669,0.00001931546,0.00001496199,0.00136166,0.00001146604,0.007857645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964672,0.00014278,0.0001828251,0.00003606538,0.000004859577,0.00001231364,0.0009426671,0.00002590224,0.002185362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05340654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1259115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971453831","doi":"10.1177/0075424219865933","title":"“They used to follow Ø river”: The Zero Article in York English","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Zero (linguistics); Linguistics; Feature (linguistics); TRACE (psycholinguistics); History; Rule-based machine translation; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Laura Rupp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02682020065013206,"gpt":0.2948882011871761,"spread":0.268068000537044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006280324,0.0001339087,0.0001514281,0.0008668693,0.001189988,0.001430604,0.000280643,0.0002397831,0.002726765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003111594,0.0001827766,0.00007111021,0.0006823363,0.00313141,0.001390245,0.00124562,0.0004582159,0.000339683],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001284885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006981249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08304219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1796661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996299,0.0001283338,0.00003598746,0.00008569894,0.00006412216,0.0000560115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976012,0.001196248,0.0005398517,0.0001570147,0.0003287442,0.0001770804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002725277,0.00007294732,0.3645115,0.0002126979,0.00003407712,0.002328386,0.5596855,0.0001842311,0.01570553,0.01916532,0.001653454,0.03617384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001694618,0.0001102265,0.7407553,0.0001387487,0.00005173243,0.00277379,0.228019,0.00108504,0.003462535,0.00234562,0.02115175,0.00008934854],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974119,0.00008730289,0.000186365,0.00009222158,0.000004086346,0.000001907385,0.00003627192,0.000003012784,0.002177094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987287,0.00005465039,0.0001341529,0.000007132552,0.000001525207,0.000001712897,0.00003820521,0.00000957463,0.001024269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08304219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1651177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2315614137","doi":"10.1177/0075424216634795","title":"Phonological Transfer as a Forerunner of Merger in Upstate New York","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transfer (computing); Lexeme; Linguistics; Phonology; Class (philosophy); History; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Aaron J. Dinkin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03637646127053121,"gpt":0.3048176247478139,"spread":0.2684411634772827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003594015,0.0001109691,0.0001912118,0.001092917,0.002116414,0.001576985,0.0003738215,0.0004158795,0.006049554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002187659,0.0002437982,0.0001185094,0.001026235,0.002146788,0.002060737,0.002853151,0.0009776689,0.0002640049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003095965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001345345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1050806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1873649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996514,0.00006228328,0.00002599899,0.00006363788,0.0001028954,0.0000938627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993072,0.0002493192,0.0001710408,0.00006937308,0.0001250429,0.00007805043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009964278,0.000394484,0.3134063,0.0001542774,0.0000396558,0.004621877,0.2939317,0.00123267,0.06741922,0.125172,0.002508874,0.1901224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003118179,0.000226777,0.8785444,0.00005894601,0.00004954945,0.001139429,0.06428306,0.003946787,0.009050355,0.01274694,0.02984219,0.00008047856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852433,0.00006699323,0.0004191914,0.0001548294,0.000006612096,0.000008027325,0.00002145529,0.00001299256,0.01406651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971054,0.0000456866,0.0002600099,0.00001556028,0.000002643768,0.000005164276,0.00003048185,0.000007943851,0.00252702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1050806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2089379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048577546","doi":"10.1177/0075424220938937","title":"“The woman in the background”: Gendered Nouns in CNN and FOX Media Discourse","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Gender Studies in Language","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Ideology; Noun; Democratization; Linguistics; Critical discourse analysis; Sociology; Sociocultural evolution; Politics; Psychology; Political science; Democracy","authors":[{"name":"Lex Konnelly","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05098662610741897,"gpt":0.337395498066086,"spread":0.286408871958667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002574765,0.0002620114,0.0002436221,0.001606444,0.0048575,0.004548119,0.0003034539,0.0008395835,0.003026951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005616477,0.0001785219,0.0001093663,0.001479021,0.007967262,0.003853452,0.001751161,0.0009235959,0.0002285302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00626196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001237974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03511276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05450151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983431,0.001050522,0.00005414072,0.0001871927,0.0002219968,0.0001431042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996085,0.002884374,0.0004031586,0.0001606167,0.0002953861,0.0001714217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001266278,0.00001749658,0.0109242,0.00008371176,0.000007253474,0.0004653377,0.9050608,0.00004886358,0.003454176,0.06788818,0.001605623,0.01031787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001039782,0.00004799079,0.03836088,0.0002903274,0.00003183629,0.0005285649,0.8092368,0.0006854818,0.003123615,0.007736724,0.1399095,0.0000379397],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8960438,0.0008946368,0.002067103,0.004167545,0.0001396774,0.00002170103,0.0002037221,0.00002397353,0.0964378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965698,0.0001899104,0.0003346363,0.0001619758,0.00003703851,0.00001049684,0.00005631756,0.00002352531,0.002616282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03511276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06981677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106600304","doi":"10.1177/0075424214539702","title":"Functional Partitioning and Possible Limits on Variability","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Variety (cybernetics); Linguistics; Vernacular; Varieties of English; Adjective; Alternation (linguistics); History; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Noun; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra D’Arcy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02894154534877959,"gpt":0.2933514413132962,"spread":0.2644098959645166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007265153,0.000418995,0.0009052757,0.002756508,0.002430069,0.005092756,0.001784283,0.000917702,0.005367508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03000626,0.0007990588,0.0005779609,0.002205223,0.01151143,0.006999707,0.005687959,0.001524738,0.0007171675],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00164939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008544579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002812688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00318777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9850652,0.007437632,0.0009131804,0.004098314,0.001648284,0.0008375503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9763379,0.01410708,0.001130662,0.006255388,0.001751837,0.0004170624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003843285,0.00005865193,0.03966872,0.0005947103,0.0001642821,0.0006926844,0.06022688,0.001737396,0.02651544,0.7221313,0.001590503,0.1462352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007453479,0.000204424,0.1218915,0.0003944818,0.0001161907,0.002470433,0.02633962,0.01091068,0.008649049,0.778095,0.05066032,0.0001937579],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7149261,0.002015613,0.1510662,0.002468045,0.00007615088,0.0001377882,0.0006413216,0.0005103665,0.1281585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873532,0.0001244368,0.01086299,0.0001205016,0.00002756862,0.000096306,0.0002698906,0.000197369,0.0009477825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007265153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03842223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293341010","doi":"10.1177/00754242221109856","title":"Prevelar Vowel Raising and Merger in Manitoba English","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Raising (metalworking); Vowel; Voice; Coda; Linguistics; Mid vowel; Contrast (vision); History; Geography; Formant; Mathematics; Acoustics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Sky Onosson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02765029900315324,"gpt":0.2949452582822339,"spread":0.2672949592790807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003239624,0.0003641448,0.0002943576,0.001643532,0.002931365,0.001237354,0.0005879968,0.000285968,0.001452218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009328831,0.0003474637,0.0001976924,0.002049296,0.001126484,0.0002727253,0.0009696536,0.0002979371,0.0002067037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004234031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005371276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8678262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9634326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996423,0.00004232226,0.00002002306,0.00008002622,0.00009076534,0.0001245364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993263,0.000101269,0.0001422411,0.00003145107,0.0002542751,0.0001444725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000182377,0.00004901332,0.8967342,0.00007626045,0.00005341128,0.001221359,0.06087706,0.00008384244,0.02615561,0.0001638194,0.0001809431,0.01422205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002122322,0.0000242845,0.9846861,0.00001385951,0.00001651455,0.0002614397,0.01379869,0.00007076307,0.000465831,0.00001828203,0.000632233,0.000009885309],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988983,0.0001000526,0.00004905229,0.00002829701,0.000001657927,0.000007260415,0.00008022851,0.000002173066,0.0008328931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986361,0.0001677678,0.0001896293,0.00003314087,0.000001888015,0.000008204051,0.0001299714,0.000004472784,0.0008288312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1321738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2659044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2611963515","doi":"10.1177/0075424217701182","title":"The Development of <i>And Stuff</i> in Canadian English: A Longitudinal Study of Apparent Grammaticalization","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Victoria","keywords":"Grammaticalization; History; Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Genealogy; Sociology; Philosophy; Art; Visual arts","authors":[{"name":"Derek Denis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05035804735644583,"gpt":0.346744355574805,"spread":0.2963863082183592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002762514,0.0004227119,0.0004269516,0.002784458,0.009045095,0.003476868,0.001561303,0.0007114636,0.00262986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007148595,0.0005738608,0.0004072971,0.003943917,0.003580883,0.002115585,0.002738545,0.001878601,0.0003292723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02486362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02662751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9960478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998379,0.0001746694,0.000058947,0.0002081169,0.0006751553,0.0005040766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994505,0.0004941249,0.0007729092,0.0002126482,0.003303483,0.0007118615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008029021,0.000083618,0.3962682,0.0000783467,0.00003323339,0.0005646445,0.5797965,0.0000912762,0.001567106,0.002245984,0.00159372,0.01759706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002447781,0.00004662347,0.7569297,0.0001077212,0.00002527425,0.0002031611,0.229924,0.0001677228,0.0003037439,0.0002381329,0.01198085,0.0000706806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949844,0.0004954233,0.0001423093,0.0003876727,0.000009807647,0.00002208099,0.0004840112,0.00000514043,0.003469202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955397,0.0004915666,0.0002833881,0.00009109327,0.000003994192,0.00002354988,0.0004922595,0.00001257697,0.003061747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02486362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1803991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009595820","doi":"10.1177/00754240022004811","title":"Describing Spoken English: An Introduction","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; History; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Charles Boberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0329035497622649,"gpt":0.2966366949953845,"spread":0.2637331452331196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001325446,0.002124525,0.001721699,0.004097401,0.002469573,0.007286355,0.002290627,0.00396269,0.01450155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002013267,0.001229006,0.001517642,0.00370305,0.00543508,0.01166024,0.00360994,0.005717085,0.005963434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002723497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00222881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004144153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005828969,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992722,0.0002459655,0.0001339341,0.0001719521,0.00009759917,0.00007847243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986942,0.0007313109,0.00006904075,0.00007220981,0.0002843574,0.0001488632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000898184,0.0003068368,0.002261509,0.002767459,0.00007789348,0.001256467,0.01231835,0.001787766,0.005022671,0.5616567,0.1062585,0.306196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000113602,0.00008649693,0.002338585,0.001679017,0.00002625346,0.001810807,0.002532497,0.001078896,0.0007272267,0.0909958,0.8986338,0.00007936005],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01230849,0.5484926,0.2247937,0.02909043,0.01597628,0.0005925058,0.002485829,0.0008826239,0.1653776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1495455,0.4906562,0.1770913,0.0177119,0.03325114,0.002201349,0.005637989,0.002092833,0.1218119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01450155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04851252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898267256","doi":"10.1177/0075424218805524","title":"Constructions Waxing and Waning: A Brief History of the Zero-Secondary Predicate Construction","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Predicative expression; Verb; Noun phrase; Predicate (mathematical logic); History; Schematic; Noun; Nominalization; Present perfect; Verb phrase; Computer science; Literature; Philosophy; Art; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Frauke D’hoedt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hendrik De Smet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubert Cuyckens","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0194652399183172,"gpt":0.2141069718794175,"spread":0.1946417319611003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001554804,0.0003864994,0.0003765384,0.002958167,0.002012636,0.003799712,0.0006221315,0.001135941,0.003760062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002677694,0.0004211539,0.0003007683,0.003142636,0.01079303,0.006559475,0.002088842,0.002837604,0.000866816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003775279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001652669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007141115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006725012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988784,0.0005137846,0.0001020002,0.0002315888,0.0001468728,0.0001273598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981753,0.001446231,0.00009043382,0.0001301081,0.0001034189,0.00005460589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004313485,0.00001576912,0.001616797,0.0005618985,0.000009672139,0.0005610385,0.02755845,0.0001812552,0.0007018863,0.8704586,0.003743513,0.09454791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004152538,0.00004550892,0.005089497,0.0008444361,0.0000113105,0.0017579,0.004164711,0.0003622412,0.001387063,0.09064069,0.8956572,0.00003519634],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07203449,0.4241174,0.04762649,0.0115439,0.001946341,0.0001381905,0.0004221475,0.0002307548,0.4419402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7155592,0.2105361,0.01701836,0.002417903,0.001968694,0.0001774006,0.0006231187,0.000373942,0.05132522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007141115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02739173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895970894","doi":"10.1177/0075424218801058","title":"Interview with Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade","year":2018,"lang":"nl","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Art; History; Linguistics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Carol Percy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0304534576681205,"gpt":0.3081489842535072,"spread":0.2776955265853867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002539987,0.0009191897,0.0009503528,0.001154038,0.004841833,0.002021812,0.0008247324,0.004271401,0.04450973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01849622,0.0007451955,0.000273208,0.001099647,0.001854405,0.003935006,0.002618479,0.007805715,0.01909172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002439857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002023697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01476003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01975697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988297,0.0005562688,0.00006601846,0.0002025045,0.0001637828,0.0001817967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922719,0.003243482,0.0004002212,0.0001545762,0.002091527,0.001838292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002404282,0.00008593711,0.001898333,0.0003036924,0.00001141629,0.003215443,0.06704026,0.0002246252,0.00177797,0.001874324,0.9110662,0.01226142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000263957,0.00005246608,0.003219915,0.0003342189,0.000009347967,0.001150944,0.1591408,0.0002089535,0.0004567895,0.001368618,0.833964,0.00006756093],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.05857334,0.01691632,0.003692235,0.8453357,0.02529963,0.0005517714,0.006472247,0.0004151394,0.04274353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3010352,0.01280781,0.003404597,0.2904394,0.006905651,0.002925518,0.00242455,0.0007740478,0.3792833],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04450973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1488999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118459256","doi":"10.1177/0075424220979126","title":"“He loved his father but next to adored his mother”: <i>Nigh</i> ( <i>ly</i> ), <i>Near</i> , and <i>Next</i> ( <i>To</i> ) as Downtoners","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Participle; Degree (music); Linguistics; Locative case; Adjective; Meaning (existential); Verb; Adverbial; Middle English; Prosody; History; Philosophy; Noun; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Laurel J. Brinton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02163215592001203,"gpt":0.2903163217249569,"spread":0.2686841658049449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003797793,0.0006512232,0.0002022642,0.0002838068,0.001773811,0.001202982,0.0003143609,0.0006554836,0.009894456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006742917,0.000191302,0.0001574104,0.0002757635,0.00184631,0.002012555,0.001090833,0.001266423,0.004100097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009319404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003799065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005737029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01651196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999692,0.0001157175,0.00001553411,0.00006907198,0.00006016245,0.00004761462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997899,0.00005025221,0.00003005224,0.00001805932,0.00008215963,0.00002962111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003069762,0.00005805677,0.01021029,0.0005583438,0.0000559041,0.003038868,0.3072877,0.0001386517,0.01946007,0.4684856,0.1162689,0.07413068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000108265,0.0000692717,0.009101304,0.00009412984,0.00001465132,0.00297835,0.04434723,0.0002536842,0.002546698,0.005432878,0.9351052,0.00004584421],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3370852,0.002549211,0.0287841,0.008687246,0.00279006,0.0001893364,0.002257231,0.0008683059,0.6167893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8147564,0.0008608627,0.006648068,0.002020311,0.0002664666,0.0001032383,0.001288995,0.000595479,0.1734602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009894456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03310025,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411373800","doi":"10.1177/00754242251341318","title":"<i>Buddies</i> , <i>Dudes</i> , and <i>Bros</i> of Ontario: Trends and Patterns of Vocative Change","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"History; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jeremy M. Needle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02336964342840048,"gpt":0.3038765027060662,"spread":0.2805068592776657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005434321,0.0002445437,0.0002601167,0.003054921,0.002740891,0.001475604,0.0005655619,0.0002441853,0.002788644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00230016,0.0002341595,0.0001715143,0.005464968,0.002000351,0.0007094567,0.001152681,0.0003424416,0.0002931313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01840196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01468336,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9758542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9949718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994969,0.00004908464,0.00002867899,0.0001231016,0.0001577092,0.0001444202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981551,0.0003759093,0.0004985461,0.00008292888,0.0006909927,0.0001965728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001877462,0.00001477781,0.6271254,0.0005793876,0.0000618769,0.0007888371,0.2968085,0.0001710997,0.008283701,0.002510873,0.006141803,0.057326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002275065,0.000009231506,0.9092518,0.00008652813,0.0000229207,0.0001949376,0.05649289,0.0001188117,0.0006675133,0.00008867449,0.0330397,0.00002471144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852953,0.001556072,0.0003742961,0.0002835952,0.00001399869,0.00002393785,0.004101878,0.00002009573,0.008330951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892075,0.001297194,0.0006445175,0.00006422441,0.000006885141,0.0000250316,0.002561685,0.00003098655,0.006162059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02414584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1335162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021710639","doi":"10.1177/00754240022005036","title":"Diffusion of Dialect Words from New Orleans","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Ethnology; Art; History","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Currie Hall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01827975195138597,"gpt":0.2917793042887636,"spread":0.2734995523373776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001081183,0.0002014045,0.0003400027,0.004789425,0.001331478,0.00249079,0.0004171153,0.0002583899,0.002545391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003920691,0.0001833743,0.0001788793,0.004823604,0.0008804519,0.001107347,0.002358353,0.0006426236,0.0004033518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003173752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001400545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1933836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4208686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993435,0.0001318102,0.00008869985,0.0002109509,0.0001375887,0.00008738817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970995,0.001011026,0.0004663256,0.0001714471,0.0009931154,0.0002586473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006472159,0.00006898108,0.2432326,0.0008216453,0.0001676631,0.001884585,0.5076848,0.0002449672,0.02738851,0.004451172,0.001865875,0.211542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009663469,0.00006567092,0.8679004,0.0002553159,0.00006058827,0.0009471122,0.08245264,0.0002649908,0.002584281,0.0004586367,0.04493935,0.00006133802],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912807,0.001482527,0.0001905931,0.0001777691,0.00001947923,0.00001342932,0.0005023354,0.00000484452,0.006328182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901827,0.002237656,0.0006117994,0.0001114088,0.00002173088,0.00003182941,0.001145521,0.0000254298,0.00563188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1933836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3845159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416195674","doi":"10.1177/00754242251392215","title":"Interview with Jack Chambers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"American Sports and Literature","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"","authors":[{"name":"Tony Pi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01277005351156558,"gpt":0.2312197297807281,"spread":0.2184496762691625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002658861,0.0007306969,0.0006985096,0.001527277,0.01221315,0.003726047,0.0009596833,0.005057147,0.114318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01573545,0.0006887462,0.0002652065,0.001119344,0.00159211,0.003705129,0.002628823,0.008452926,0.04177147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004043808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004366856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04321213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09117769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987223,0.0004458303,0.00003857613,0.0002070981,0.000235379,0.0003507923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948105,0.001478674,0.0002280397,0.00009907268,0.001836721,0.001546955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004917241,0.00002066495,0.0004925528,0.0000440141,0.000001444618,0.0003246784,0.00617859,0.00002211113,0.0002701562,0.000934814,0.9859957,0.005666072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007732147,0.00001614799,0.001671261,0.00008682148,0.000002599251,0.0001309152,0.0391112,0.00003141013,0.0001189122,0.0005006219,0.9583045,0.0000178112],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01607452,0.008004027,0.0008303332,0.8166939,0.01823594,0.0003465175,0.00191308,0.0002769353,0.1376247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05092348,0.002777658,0.0005179587,0.2946259,0.002744083,0.0006214517,0.0004854557,0.0002673339,0.6470367],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.114318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3824319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117488219","doi":"10.1177/00754242251401239","title":"Book Review: Comparative Variation Analysis: Grammatical Alternations in World Englishes Comparative Variation Analysis: Grammatical Alternations in World Englishes by SzmrecsanyiBenediktGrafmillerJason. Cambridge University Press (hardback), 2023. xviii +218. ISBN: 9781108491563.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"World Englishes; Variation (astronomy); Comparative method; Comparative literature; Varieties of English","authors":[{"name":"Marisa Brook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02300869239117603,"gpt":0.3228290861210415,"spread":0.2998203937298655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001009798,0.001298648,0.002463392,0.00597104,0.0005410381,0.002593468,0.001589108,0.001772782,0.04215083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00463585,0.0006835148,0.0007533371,0.0126552,0.001292672,0.003888294,0.001248895,0.002230634,0.01361597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001220479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002253574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00528973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00816369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992439,0.000172036,0.0001104779,0.0001467259,0.0002831737,0.00004389305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996384,0.002236792,0.0002117665,0.00008925601,0.0009450929,0.000133007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003584366,0.00002139102,0.00009194642,0.005613148,0.00006461969,0.00004191207,0.0001035607,0.00009910776,0.0002053441,0.003028577,0.7479457,0.2427489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002017647,0.0000305655,0.001520919,0.00442356,0.00006637349,0.0004754283,0.00009596554,0.00005826519,0.000117282,0.002919586,0.9902515,0.00002029047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008200587,0.9860453,0.0005369863,0.003074015,0.004670974,0.00001269945,0.0002248574,0.00004080596,0.005312326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001460948,0.9700947,0.001304004,0.002158984,0.006668529,0.00006345427,0.0008370386,0.00008982901,0.01732245],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04215083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1410086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307884135","doi":"10.1177/00754242221126533","title":"Reflections From Editors of Journal of English Linguistics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Translation Studies and Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Applied linguistics; Sociology; Philosophy; History","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra D’Arcy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter J. Grund","is_ca":false},{"name":"William A. Kretzschmar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles F. Meyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne Curzan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin M. Queen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew J. Gordon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05800104933629836,"gpt":0.3155992341893435,"spread":0.2575981848530451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04876659,0.001841805,0.002526389,0.003653035,0.02147572,0.03820001,0.005121398,0.04776098,0.01361781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.139476,0.001933237,0.002137704,0.004408585,0.01347314,0.03045194,0.01439708,0.08560408,0.004789618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01051144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02743339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01410744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02989946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9621578,0.009787048,0.004076791,0.004572121,0.01269565,0.006710502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7522877,0.1027622,0.01236349,0.005297913,0.07117645,0.05611214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005779837,0.00003483898,0.0003011032,0.0001588695,0.00001744849,0.0003456504,0.004345391,0.00002166061,0.0001216649,0.004213744,0.9867586,0.003623149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003316264,0.00002169446,0.0005109879,0.0004044352,0.00002155191,0.0001205049,0.008527193,0.00002995538,0.000126281,0.001775592,0.9883822,0.00004645167],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003007921,0.003975572,0.0000576769,0.9070728,0.08734994,0.000005521571,0.00002438033,0.00001125724,0.001202049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008035486,0.005688126,0.0002801618,0.823818,0.1490996,0.0000418735,0.00004593088,0.000160113,0.01283075],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04876659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2579054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110517309","doi":"10.1177/0075424207311249","title":"Book Review: Brinton, Laurel J., and Arnovick, Leslie K. (2006). <i>The English Language: A Linguistic History</i> . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"History","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Dollinger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01471987545222737,"gpt":0.2494045112775299,"spread":0.2346846358253026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001204092,0.001554067,0.002401003,0.005818277,0.000805287,0.003145906,0.002733632,0.002766944,0.05724637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005761369,0.0006719505,0.0007965094,0.008025918,0.001093678,0.003604245,0.001477436,0.004210067,0.0718004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002524572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004175212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01041812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02582448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992829,0.00006920964,0.00007555681,0.0001082079,0.0004000044,0.00006418689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995662,0.001342904,0.0003326937,0.0001066532,0.002140634,0.0004150415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001066689,0.00000384812,0.00002683201,0.0007803514,0.000007185396,0.00002029242,0.00001623424,0.00001863277,0.00002869363,0.0003380855,0.9530956,0.04565352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006856191,0.000004731085,0.0001504925,0.0009260596,0.00001165866,0.0001589465,0.00001872712,0.00000712723,0.00002424228,0.0002455071,0.9984396,0.000006212581],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008982378,0.9077598,0.0003611275,0.02966388,0.0406207,0.00004231729,0.0008008552,0.0001042135,0.02055733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001208055,0.8607526,0.0005945833,0.01937415,0.02054408,0.00007374703,0.001069358,0.0000992724,0.09628417],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05724637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1915082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021163675","doi":"10.1177/00754240022004901","title":"Language in Canada","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; History; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Margery Fee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01128476954443679,"gpt":0.2773215343954678,"spread":0.266036764851031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038066,0.0003433455,0.0004446916,0.002811816,0.01060258,0.003781469,0.0008097281,0.0006633208,0.03252168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001396355,0.0002577699,0.0003411765,0.007647553,0.001055292,0.0007559068,0.001569985,0.001245436,0.002418727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.07288867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1351189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9982384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9992875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987607,0.0000713328,0.00004342314,0.000159079,0.0002994118,0.0006660484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986498,0.00006695722,0.00005543642,0.00002536189,0.0008312558,0.0003711187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003613716,0.0001202792,0.1409102,0.0006462494,0.0001126317,0.003085763,0.03538363,0.001011181,0.001741876,0.195046,0.3900808,0.2315001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025021,0.00002558316,0.2453574,0.0003343846,0.00004048826,0.0003943723,0.0238848,0.0003884324,0.000396979,0.002577135,0.7265065,0.00006886102],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4114535,0.01848054,0.0006955982,0.02961346,0.000948481,0.0001611065,0.03752585,0.000277843,0.5008436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7398603,0.005529588,0.0009712112,0.001876964,0.00006149915,0.00005637154,0.004528667,0.00009533309,0.2470201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07288867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5288468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391540461","doi":"10.1177/00754242231226391","title":"A Welcome and a Thank You","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Educational Leadership and Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"History; Linguistics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra D’Arcy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter J. Grund","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05202581011429742,"gpt":0.3719854634555851,"spread":0.3199596533412877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007674335,0.002699165,0.003030907,0.001732891,0.01212811,0.01505878,0.002360559,0.01233474,0.08651898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06208112,0.001070776,0.002519904,0.0005573303,0.004233868,0.008141403,0.01399027,0.03369884,0.1040136],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002510427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007783081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001939673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005963191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9881182,0.003043088,0.0005325789,0.001393141,0.004831513,0.002081519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8408239,0.007839261,0.003954419,0.003811947,0.07110656,0.07246389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004177246,0.000048059,0.0002750693,0.00005180424,0.00001743512,0.00041422,0.0004394306,0.0000210654,0.000456961,0.001907092,0.9889048,0.007422336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005002195,0.00006588431,0.0007076127,0.0001774127,0.00001871785,0.0009926317,0.003393711,0.00009988522,0.0001422744,0.002626335,0.9916408,0.00008471555],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.001127166,0.00319342,0.001285629,0.4173656,0.5625377,0.0001433914,0.0003177351,0.000723828,0.01330557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01216438,0.001854009,0.004124634,0.364947,0.16801,0.0003568676,0.0004321199,0.001389802,0.4467211],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08651898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2894348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}