{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":355,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":355,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"98a8bfc6eb07","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering"}},"results":[{"id":"W2122355489","doi":"10.1115/1.2234786","title":"Pressure Drop of Fully-Developed, Laminar Flow in Microchannels of Arbitrary Cross-Section","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":202,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Pressure drop; Mechanics; Inertia; Cross section (physics); Compressibility; Flow (mathematics); Drop (telecommunication); Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005563247392734162,"gpt":0.2007850532215571,"spread":0.1952218058288229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002330514,0.0001346987,0.0003023505,0.0003446289,0.00000990271,0.00001227047,0.0001108577,0.0001192442,0.00001654041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001811806,0.0001401098,0.00009305326,0.0003077055,0.00001290865,0.0002787918,0.000006879236,0.0002390524,4.132475e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002882609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001290138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003494871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988604,0.00001024762,0.0007151176,0.0000676772,0.0001775377,0.0001690812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996874,0.0000320553,0.00003897808,0.000081456,0.0001214399,0.00003863433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001501412,0.00002165733,0.00140491,0.0003361024,0.00002404211,0.000008371497,0.0001506641,0.6860052,0.3117952,0.00002156227,0.00005022582,0.0001670836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001064305,0.0001161546,0.03984747,0.0004492094,0.00004183646,0.00008876134,0.00002066302,0.5472232,0.410298,0.00002654814,0.0005970559,0.0002268378],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6921197,0.001704624,0.305364,0.0000060476,0.0004413305,0.00006405843,0.000008824925,0.00002948747,0.000262005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863753,0.0001810351,0.01315649,0.000001674157,0.0002213664,0.000001476948,0.000003456727,0.00003339886,0.00002581172],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2942556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5713512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032193049","doi":"10.1115/1.4005841","title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Hydrokinetic Turbine Based on Oscillating Hydrofoils","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbine; Mechanics; Wake; Trajectory; Kinematics; Sensitivity (control systems); Marine engineering; Power (physics); Tidal power; Control theory (sociology); Physics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Classical mechanics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006722338485633922,"gpt":0.2123182734062676,"spread":0.2055959349206337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004667705,0.0001682862,0.0003943233,0.001067444,0.00002311032,0.00001762776,0.0001452846,0.00006058607,0.0000490902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001058463,0.0001550933,0.0002095965,0.0009044984,0.00001298014,0.0001499106,0.00001759119,0.0002226407,0.000002559598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002336961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003532089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000244494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.529557e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984533,0.00001633302,0.0005664907,0.00006892061,0.0005455282,0.000349392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992774,0.0001941657,0.00007117105,0.0001224549,0.0001110638,0.0002237688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000124213,0.0000327417,0.002937041,0.00006277471,0.0004319298,0.000006774349,0.00008095067,0.9878371,0.007521781,0.0001301024,0.00008824276,0.0008581086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003204829,0.0000713538,0.01919339,0.00007931249,0.0001234491,0.00001163224,0.00001160663,0.9769428,0.002974132,0.000005601299,0.0001246159,0.0001415702],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7783074,0.0004118741,0.2200618,0.00003318742,0.0003178068,0.00003763153,0.000009660116,0.00004560957,0.000775098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835455,0.00001633396,0.01621736,0.00001370607,0.0001511445,0.000001708642,0.00001470132,0.00002824287,0.00001124399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2052382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6324521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155889980","doi":"10.1115/1.4024805","title":"Experimental and Numerical Studies for a High Head Francis Turbine at Several Operating Points","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps","field":"Engineering","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vector Institute; Uppsala Universitet; Luleå Tekniska Universitet; Energimyndigheten; Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan","keywords":"Francis turbine; Turbine; Draft tube; Mechanics; Stator; Turbulence; Rotor (electric); Computer simulation; Trailing edge; Numerical analysis; Head (geology); Impeller; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Geology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01316518408607597,"gpt":0.2502855129598229,"spread":0.2371203288737469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001218614,0.00018568,0.0003390234,0.000123751,0.00005541415,0.00005032339,0.00008547547,0.00004558509,0.00004901519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001104282,0.0001705279,0.00007091814,0.00009029351,0.00001544721,0.0003834656,0.00004369187,0.0001501838,0.000006600322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002483307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005872311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003037309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.252466e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990208,0.000007504436,0.0004640143,0.00009893186,0.0001706116,0.0002381393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994773,0.0001440836,0.00004655034,0.0000807243,0.0001268554,0.0001245047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001427792,0.00002525589,0.0001675639,0.0001949702,0.0002329482,0.000009854521,0.002209377,0.1608493,0.8323458,0.0002051147,0.002801136,0.0009443635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004705394,0.000853662,0.009328884,0.0003556674,0.00008428818,0.0005962119,0.001215639,0.7411145,0.2388359,0.0002181823,0.001735291,0.0009564066],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9413563,0.004924677,0.05249667,0.0001394227,0.0008115537,0.000179847,0.000004371588,0.00006732981,0.0000197985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9539586,0.00002583542,0.04550233,0.0000478576,0.0003433027,0.00003740123,0.000001438541,0.00004806406,0.00003517007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5935099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6953926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066701727","doi":"10.1115/1.4005423","title":"Optimal Tandem Configuration for Oscillating-Foils Hydrokinetic Turbine","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Wake; Turbine; Vortex; Mechanics; FOIL method; Upstream (networking); Tandem; Power (physics); Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Flow (mathematics); Downstream (manufacturing); Vortex shedding; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Marine engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Turbulence; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01218661020942719,"gpt":0.2254617159376289,"spread":0.2132751057282017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004220436,0.0001402561,0.0002180095,0.0001858059,0.00003142969,0.00003477748,0.0001058097,0.00006618119,0.00003572454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001392016,0.0001258605,0.0001173432,0.0001271959,0.000007298372,0.0002985618,0.00001142285,0.000173709,0.000005540769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001182342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002602385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.265954e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.90614e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988782,0.000006236306,0.0004130519,0.00005227994,0.0002462222,0.0004039804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994674,0.0000833802,0.00004189893,0.00007596135,0.00009961598,0.0002317212],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001263858,0.00001544515,0.0002326167,0.0001681162,0.00008289937,0.00000453034,0.0002089521,0.8578818,0.1360937,0.0001793169,0.002270004,0.002849987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002999821,0.0005556321,0.01355566,0.0006198764,0.0001072603,0.0004776125,0.0001202437,0.5912826,0.2929012,0.00002636036,0.09639377,0.0009599862],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5323318,0.003700373,0.461616,0.00005994154,0.001307272,0.0001295681,0.000002819523,0.0001019136,0.0007503019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9619813,0.0001126598,0.03676531,0.000008962875,0.001012287,0.00000847974,0.000003294988,0.00003553174,0.00007219486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4296495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5132441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042419732","doi":"10.1115/1.4000377","title":"Pressure Drop in Laminar Developing Flow in Noncircular Ducts: A Scaling and Modeling Approach","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Pressure drop; Duct (anatomy); Scaling; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Flow conditioning; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Thermodynamics; Anatomy; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01034054424355994,"gpt":0.1994187981867163,"spread":0.1890782539431564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003733514,0.0001498733,0.0002735618,0.0004014481,0.00001486395,0.00003427652,0.00008899841,0.00009879583,8.540375e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003542579,0.0001580499,0.00003712734,0.0003305475,0.000003604536,0.0003479967,0.000005876905,0.0003415608,1.716617e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009525285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002373858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002584122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.167924e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990234,0.00001252447,0.0004743296,0.00009941209,0.0001516509,0.0002387271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998,0.00001601819,0.00001073013,0.0000676385,0.00003997251,0.00006568977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005043318,0.00001128449,0.0001694961,0.0001701291,0.00001208968,0.00003232116,0.0008791643,0.9827896,0.01417802,0.00006055702,0.000001920707,0.001690412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005381518,0.00001966231,0.001051988,0.000391435,0.00001367676,0.00009037997,0.00006137104,0.9966429,0.0009741751,0.00002322175,0.00002415626,0.0001689145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3426945,0.002941587,0.6541167,0.00002409928,0.00007380875,0.00005720366,4.128692e-7,0.00003016841,0.00006147009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9210371,0.0005293968,0.07831164,0.00001138125,0.00008482162,0.000001429705,0.000001097395,0.00002218908,9.839689e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5783426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6445087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078780265","doi":"10.1115/1.1287267","title":"Rough Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers in Shallow Open Channel Flow","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Boundary layer; Mechanics; Open-channel flow; Boundary layer thickness; Surface roughness; Reynolds number; Surface finish; Flow (mathematics); Wake; Turbulence kinetic energy; Materials science; Geometry; Geology; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008555663351509441,"gpt":0.211302401605596,"spread":0.2027467382540866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003789923,0.0001222066,0.0002037524,0.00005604733,0.00004053947,0.00003505086,0.0004505502,0.00007258782,0.003761898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008644958,0.0001092168,0.00005737874,0.0001659025,0.00002877102,0.0006249725,0.00002987443,0.0002707254,0.00006980929],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001037903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001873955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004208177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000207598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990644,0.00001234647,0.0003415141,0.0001265278,0.0002087475,0.0002463961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997461,0.00001868382,0.00003788698,0.00009117433,0.000005443173,0.0001007504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000738671,0.00009336783,0.003984821,0.00001574203,0.00001961009,0.0003106572,0.0008157681,0.9879263,0.002329606,0.000004762512,0.0005561389,0.00386934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005754724,0.001138591,0.1463816,0.0005639369,0.0001116573,0.001122029,0.00007570544,0.5103715,0.007227175,0.00066306,0.3253144,0.001275599],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995426,0.0004916537,0.0007239265,0.0008550932,0.0001297868,0.00008944097,8.479974e-7,0.00001351823,0.00226973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969082,0.0002999431,0.002057304,0.0003221928,0.00005807132,0.000003577188,0.000001414655,0.00001398152,0.0003352773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4775548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064875383","doi":"10.1115/1.2169807","title":"Development of a Second Generation In-Flight Icing Simulation Code","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Icing; Modular design; Aerospace; Computer simulation; Accretion (finance); Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Partial differential equation; Simulation; Computational science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01657264160721858,"gpt":0.227419248129208,"spread":0.2108466065219894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002720222,0.0001040238,0.0002023055,0.0003992638,0.00001637012,0.00001206669,0.00009104842,0.00007628171,0.00001145261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005754208,0.0001021967,0.00003816142,0.0001698506,0.00000491457,0.0001879548,0.00001249661,0.0001879625,0.000002163665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001566429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002040171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.933309e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001382666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990926,0.000003948077,0.0005671927,0.00005241807,0.0001432373,0.0001405619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997374,0.00003656579,0.00006473919,0.00008152283,0.00005360683,0.00002611724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001938406,0.000006038342,0.00006612492,0.00003953938,0.00001295332,0.00000234759,0.0006684537,0.7330299,0.2463559,0.00003175484,0.0000363253,0.01974874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001930181,0.00001380202,0.0009576784,0.00009904487,0.000004705967,0.00001016975,0.00003224918,0.5812185,0.4156948,0.00000280799,0.001694781,0.00007844935],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7857822,0.0002244696,0.2136438,0.00001187258,0.000163201,0.00002818008,4.120229e-7,0.00005330998,0.00009254457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9221929,0.00001610606,0.07761082,0.000003508606,0.0001475759,8.962116e-7,7.416778e-7,0.00001762434,0.000009871602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1693389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4167461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047371878","doi":"10.1115/1.1777227","title":"Two-Phase Flow Through Square and Circular Microchannels—Effects of Channel Geometry","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Microchannel; Pressure drop; Hydraulic diameter; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Adiabatic process; Materials science; Geometry; Porosity; Square (algebra); Open-channel flow; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Reynolds number; Physics; Mathematics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00756330217656417,"gpt":0.2259492281779905,"spread":0.2183859260014263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001460067,0.0002131385,0.000437964,0.0002220788,0.00003402519,0.00001674697,0.0001080724,0.00007429042,0.000002047588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005295193,0.0002003724,0.0001435501,0.0002450981,0.00002352757,0.0002135036,0.00001570719,0.0002686088,0.000001012129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006567298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001793194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005034585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.560328e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990038,0.000006336239,0.0004279764,0.00009584004,0.0001977272,0.0002682681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996234,0.00006667442,0.00002279123,0.0001046771,0.00008561843,0.00009690304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000104755,0.00005895752,0.0000180792,0.00172957,0.0002332081,0.0001315534,0.00185088,0.5345039,0.46032,0.00006976439,0.00002625616,0.001047379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007155209,0.0006687653,0.0005255276,0.001903445,0.0002379977,0.0005256417,0.0002695542,0.02641275,0.9611903,0.0003149878,0.0002516706,0.0005440781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6701722,0.01520598,0.3138479,0.00002860784,0.0005828789,0.00007267785,0.000005521324,0.00005607185,0.00002825375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909981,0.001385271,0.007280238,0.00001290098,0.0002753027,0.000002585954,8.292874e-7,0.00004333,0.00000138153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5080911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.817095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064737154","doi":"10.1115/1.1598993","title":"Influence of Three-Dimensional Roughness on Pressure-Driven Flow Through Microchannels","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microchannel; Microscale chemistry; Materials science; Surface finish; Pressure drop; Surface roughness; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Volume of fluid method; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008668494898401576,"gpt":0.2032536906461393,"spread":0.1945851957477377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001565994,0.0001776699,0.0002994301,0.0001314302,0.00002262846,0.00001307881,0.000138518,0.00009848499,0.00002112271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005691671,0.0001671567,0.0001076594,0.0002065218,0.00001351271,0.0003275348,0.000006011145,0.0002611863,0.000002645269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003767327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003002092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001840007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.054923e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989337,0.00001409764,0.0004784124,0.00008711781,0.0002759823,0.0002107379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995437,0.00006792634,0.00003058536,0.0001292431,0.0001509753,0.00007761433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001127069,0.00002217139,0.0000882289,0.0001306042,0.000076935,0.00001010994,0.0001749542,0.9043216,0.0947007,0.000303577,0.00008330468,0.00007655031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008152443,0.0001706179,0.001100395,0.0004958417,0.00007904016,0.0001072082,0.000007188764,0.7113699,0.2841686,0.00006835519,0.001341974,0.0002756247],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5544921,0.001002017,0.4438094,0.00001330593,0.0003712792,0.00007820109,0.000007348478,0.0000479745,0.0001782798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9701091,0.00008598341,0.02964878,0.00001737704,0.00008965328,0.000002066179,0.000001075352,0.00003989488,0.000006062893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.415617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6816452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020573656","doi":"10.1115/1.4006914","title":"Three-Dimensional Effects on an Oscillating-Foil Hydrokinetic Turbine","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Chord (peer-to-peer); FOIL method; Reynolds number; Turbine; Amplitude; Physics; Materials science; Optics; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007983196755692123,"gpt":0.2020706892688695,"spread":0.1940874925131774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004172382,0.0002432794,0.0003041219,0.0002650823,0.00003742388,0.00002618693,0.0001693698,0.0001276396,0.00007971904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000573809,0.0002000331,0.0001192513,0.0001870085,0.00000801699,0.0002560685,0.0000212796,0.0003857586,0.00003742049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000739707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009741078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001468813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.226792e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987097,0.0000161269,0.0004051722,0.00008963011,0.0003864301,0.0003928734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992687,0.0001145058,0.00005570267,0.0001848402,0.00005140173,0.0003248792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031527,0.00006045377,0.0002195759,0.0001964992,0.00008008594,0.00003753538,0.0001343153,0.09595456,0.8843138,0.0004996819,0.001385073,0.01708693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001337886,0.001031704,0.005081341,0.0004872903,0.0001030444,0.0004160102,0.000006270172,0.3263498,0.6601264,0.0002231637,0.004194472,0.0006425743],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9687514,0.002209229,0.02492894,0.00005450789,0.003597335,0.00009171079,0.000001790349,0.0001497221,0.0002153636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795515,0.0000170392,0.01888121,0.00004482815,0.001420585,0.00000238672,0.000001666085,0.00006485892,0.00001592745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2303952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8157113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005688149","doi":"10.1115/1.1454109","title":"Two-Phase Eulerian/Lagrangian Model for Nucleating Steam Flow","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nucleation; Steam turbine; Nozzle; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Cascade; Eulerian path; Thermodynamics; Lagrangian; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Mathematics; Applied mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02594823712913963,"gpt":0.2460111603140364,"spread":0.2200629231848968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002323156,0.0001085212,0.0001717817,0.0001495261,0.00008394285,0.00006962875,0.0001444661,0.00003320618,0.00091843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001396967,0.00009918791,0.0001284974,0.0001498869,0.0000128601,0.0005763928,0.000003995249,0.0001501938,0.00005857741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001535201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000119462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007512635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001099915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990618,0.00001181041,0.0004165629,0.0000895643,0.0001942289,0.0002260175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993845,0.000143527,0.0001134504,0.00009450901,0.0001108717,0.0001531297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002573232,0.00002772459,0.0002855884,0.00001298764,0.00002434601,0.000007240179,0.0004314138,0.9454095,0.03034023,0.00001902564,0.001048187,0.02236802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009966848,0.0001560831,0.0002906776,0.00003800156,0.00002620215,0.00007391562,0.0001061164,0.9947376,0.001502441,0.00001905802,0.001941344,0.0001119364],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8690852,0.0004650849,0.1287359,0.0002952401,0.0006691131,0.0001121764,0.00004225355,0.00004696214,0.0005481213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9230956,0.00002146595,0.07644556,0.00005505238,0.0002259515,4.351163e-7,0.000002417001,0.00001006975,0.0001434486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05401043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027917155","doi":"10.1115/1.1625687","title":"Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Injection Nozzles: Interaction of Cavitation and External Jet Formation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"RWTH Aachen University; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Supercavitation; Cavitation; Nozzle; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Flow (mathematics); Computer simulation; Materials science; Phase (matter); Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009545201305560098,"gpt":0.2590344911940755,"spread":0.2494892898885153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000233584,0.00009062834,0.0001957034,0.0003581404,0.000008490818,0.000009978868,0.00002920798,0.00004900514,0.000006129723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004788501,0.00009203339,0.00005073368,0.0001680019,0.000005765241,0.0004990326,0.000001916915,0.0001566988,2.140273e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009163166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009262247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006916307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003126084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999155,0.00001650871,0.0005576423,0.00004423115,0.0001396293,0.00008691505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971,0.00006586329,0.00005350014,0.00004545668,0.00008881282,0.00003640287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002423127,0.00002632229,0.0003753429,0.0001405761,0.00000961852,0.000001616854,0.0004623398,0.800492,0.1961996,0.0001744143,0.000001444425,0.002092524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001131102,0.0001676765,0.001888051,0.0002117807,0.00001622616,0.0000477025,0.00005052352,0.9673083,0.02904909,0.00004727962,0.00001157602,0.00007067146],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5236204,0.0001505619,0.4760054,0.000001689505,0.0001619978,0.00003360699,0.000001230397,0.000005939661,0.00001913082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926388,0.00007752941,0.007228734,0.000001452776,0.0000358141,0.000001140634,0.000001779569,0.00001422991,5.726438e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4690183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3753013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976765087","doi":"10.1115/1.2353265","title":"Comparison of Computational Results Obtained From a Homogeneous Cavitation Model With Experimental Investigations of Three Inducers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ansys (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Cavitation; Mechanics; Backflow; Vortex; Flow (mathematics); Computational fluid dynamics; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02012148954322102,"gpt":0.2432973574646588,"spread":0.2231758679214378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001182835,0.0001520236,0.0003304756,0.0002964869,0.00002181337,0.00001465413,0.0001261073,0.0000580318,0.000003818183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003886434,0.0001545241,0.00007108859,0.0002611874,0.00004070358,0.0002151879,0.00001156889,0.0001604184,5.083871e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000157967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006865661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003043633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008901899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984893,0.000009590668,0.000896851,0.00008657166,0.0003918923,0.0001258434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999182,0.0001500955,0.0002540726,0.0001103267,0.0002367557,0.00006672776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003233631,0.00004676206,0.000530796,0.00002730506,0.0000580462,0.000002025715,0.0008745881,0.7262911,0.2715779,0.0003702455,0.0001365598,0.00005234079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001097129,0.0001445192,0.005261168,0.0001144268,0.0000434129,0.00001103363,0.000199479,0.867758,0.1246608,0.0005593251,0.000008959535,0.0001417713],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.817274,0.0004188682,0.1818899,0.00001938633,0.0001110104,0.00007916147,0.00006079526,0.00003282427,0.0001140223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8736914,0.000001432132,0.1261576,0.000002494849,0.0000685803,0.000003345775,0.0000417977,0.00003018003,0.000003217626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1469171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6301309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143672276","doi":"10.1115/1.2170123","title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of Transition in a Separation Bubble","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Freestream; Large eddy simulation; Bubble; Mechanics; Separation (statistics); Airfoil; Turbulence; Direct numerical simulation; Computer simulation; Detached eddy simulation; Flow separation; Materials science; Suction; Turbine; Separation process; Physics; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Chemistry; Reynolds number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005156612458918789,"gpt":0.2225460687380006,"spread":0.2173894562790818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002348107,0.0000931533,0.0001816864,0.0002854325,0.000007808276,0.00001034104,0.00006066967,0.0000627058,0.00001801878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016655,0.0000978745,0.0000736074,0.0001798375,0.000002783194,0.0003190739,0.000003745599,0.0001526349,0.000002128458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009420518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001014651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.721242e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003256588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991885,0.000006400519,0.0004668385,0.00004587682,0.0001573718,0.0001350327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997672,0.00003049547,0.000040061,0.00006516971,0.00005764172,0.000039366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009422124,0.00002637226,0.00004828242,0.00005642288,0.00001406333,0.000003697766,0.0005179646,0.9577105,0.04083239,0.0001351608,0.00002902791,0.0006166606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005749468,0.00004192106,0.0009107871,0.00009175757,0.00001169454,0.00001030439,0.00001088058,0.9949468,0.002588295,0.00001452367,0.0007122333,0.00008580153],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6877263,0.0005116459,0.3114274,0.00002252235,0.0001692777,0.00004374659,0.000002908909,0.00002188882,0.00007435338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958955,0.00008565665,0.003812649,0.000006177803,0.0001702405,0.00000103113,0.000003083758,0.00001935254,0.000006331782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3081692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3991206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975056642","doi":"10.1115/1.4027138","title":"An Experimental Investigation of Aspect Ratio and Incidence Angle Effects for the Flow Around Surface-Mounted Finite-Height Square Prisms","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Strouhal number; Prism; Vortex shedding; Drag coefficient; Lift coefficient; Reynolds number; Lift (data mining); Drag; Optics; Geometry; Angle of attack; Physics; Mechanics; Mathematics; Aerodynamics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006074611354863002,"gpt":0.2206005792613708,"spread":0.2145259679065078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003906112,0.00013499,0.0002280158,0.0001191929,0.00005285651,0.00007027247,0.0001260413,0.00005665152,0.000004457296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001210942,0.0001070241,0.00008293449,0.000173767,0.0000224488,0.0003470559,0.00001083533,0.0001200918,3.442178e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005383579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001495431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003670824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002955567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992245,0.00002427336,0.0003685387,0.00008275176,0.0001803263,0.0001195698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992324,0.0003606553,0.00007852191,0.000141984,0.0001033508,0.00008315711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006907519,0.000005764669,0.00026264,0.00006218308,0.00003754661,5.518259e-7,0.0002966294,0.6377745,0.3610671,0.0003169502,0.00002780539,0.0001414619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000343705,0.0001994338,0.001416961,0.00006443822,0.00004560994,0.00000740793,0.0000659044,0.8459056,0.1517901,0.00002852477,0.00003586768,0.00009642969],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5460618,0.0007325448,0.4529242,0.00002165573,0.0001560545,0.00007883737,0.000002113558,0.00001885537,0.000003992736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861006,0.00005055235,0.0136477,0.00001603419,0.0001456679,0.000004827572,0.000005590575,0.00002548477,0.000003530995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4400389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4364316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025155459","doi":"10.1115/1.3077143","title":"Pressure Drop in Rectangular Microchannels as Compared With Theory Based on Arbitrary Cross Section","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pressure drop; Microchannel; Mechanics; Materials science; Polydimethylsiloxane; Reynolds number; Drop (telecommunication); Hydraulic diameter; Cross section (physics); Soft lithography; Distilled water; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Fabrication; Physics; Engineering; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004375437228932262,"gpt":0.2021732831541636,"spread":0.1977978459252313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002679832,0.0001629432,0.0002238812,0.0003020772,0.00002201143,0.00004165838,0.0000980103,0.00009265891,0.00001990832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001898491,0.0001462424,0.00006242761,0.0002613912,0.00000713409,0.0002287877,0.000001512242,0.0003893696,0.000001248307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007366463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002575409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001119686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.399218e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991924,0.00002259695,0.0003094687,0.00008781672,0.0001899745,0.0001977609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996998,0.00004626019,0.0000168369,0.0001000432,0.00005458466,0.00008245373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001560268,0.00003256379,0.0001180166,0.00005911021,0.00002395434,0.00005767438,0.0002306925,0.9381112,0.06082203,0.0000825988,0.00002825686,0.0002778422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001414591,0.0004517052,0.005555456,0.0004853979,0.00003417069,0.0001064843,0.00001932961,0.9280128,0.06327135,0.0000574368,0.0003511957,0.0002400719],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5531009,0.0006283912,0.4448462,0.00003650985,0.0003287126,0.0001111532,0.000002675565,0.0001142794,0.0008311565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962555,0.00003635954,0.003397298,0.00005780831,0.0002002847,0.000001727038,0.000002577882,0.00003236113,0.0000160436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4431547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5963591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086899487","doi":"10.1115/1.2354530","title":"Reynolds Stress Model in the Prediction of Confined Turbulent Swirling Flows","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Turbulence; Reynolds stress; Pressure drop; Vortex; Reynolds number; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Computational fluid dynamics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005788220069282675,"gpt":0.1831436058678389,"spread":0.1773553857985563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002746679,0.0001422376,0.0002435274,0.0002330931,0.00001539324,0.00002198843,0.0001872489,0.00008152103,0.000003163271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001504189,0.0001146212,0.0001087478,0.0002200676,0.000008253597,0.0001443202,0.000009625763,0.0002932291,3.719533e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001921493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001361614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008341235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988364,0.000009217717,0.0006453359,0.00006353272,0.0002606323,0.0001848636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996541,0.00004190731,0.0000604026,0.0001445425,0.00006597482,0.00003304303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006913972,0.00002599035,0.000346366,0.00006517999,0.0000153363,0.00001581547,0.0001959901,0.9192464,0.07927421,0.0004282297,0.0002482687,0.0001313363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003914188,0.00004008189,0.002187707,0.0001263682,0.00002273238,0.00005654126,0.00003740201,0.9923632,0.004443913,0.00004134361,0.0001999301,0.00008940032],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8505924,0.0008982646,0.1478252,0.00002371181,0.0003208991,0.00007069242,0.00001377617,0.00003391708,0.0002211163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963077,0.0001439863,0.003231926,0.000004601961,0.000270531,0.000002457948,0.000004102184,0.00002613543,0.000008569657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1457153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4674116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063681900","doi":"10.1115/1.4000692","title":"Slip Flow in the Hydrodynamic Entrance Region of Circular and Noncircular Microchannels","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Reynolds number; Slip (aerodynamics); Microscale chemistry; Microchannel; Flow conditioning; Slip ratio; Laminar flow; Physics; Pipe flow; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009551791591202494,"gpt":0.2207170072630387,"spread":0.2111652156718362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006080522,0.0001061721,0.0002504992,0.0001355916,0.00001354442,0.00001326806,0.0001808909,0.00005368961,0.00000160302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001146262,0.00008018397,0.00009144258,0.0001276598,0.00001501395,0.00006380684,0.000008193319,0.0002079923,1.634999e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002986428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.381797e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.430304e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991764,0.00002845071,0.0004007216,0.00006954755,0.0001775004,0.0001474062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995395,0.0001087137,0.0001192922,0.0001487186,0.00004771944,0.00003607226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006939025,0.000369799,0.0003360731,0.0007777109,0.0001294667,0.0008093848,0.008396791,0.1174675,0.8122194,0.05236707,0.0001130966,0.006944301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003277177,0.0007639735,0.01690147,0.001946442,0.0002502499,0.006153496,0.0006201311,0.8521149,0.008343115,0.1086767,0.0003275062,0.0006249189],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8825503,0.001179184,0.1158971,0.0001743364,0.00008230954,0.00007100781,6.242387e-7,0.000004252742,0.000040896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938738,0.0001656791,0.005842813,0.00003034417,0.00007102714,5.272452e-7,1.704783e-7,0.00001080318,0.000004788167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8038763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3269807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113662299","doi":"10.1115/1.1906266","title":"Boundary-Layer Transition Affected by Surface Roughness and Free-Stream Turbulence","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Surface roughness; Mechanics; Boundary layer; Surface finish; Reynolds number; Materials science; Optics; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003690458767568223,"gpt":0.1816284805546702,"spread":0.177938021787102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000191633,0.0002289939,0.0002825773,0.0001121977,0.0000406649,0.00008661814,0.0001840117,0.0001108212,0.00002542755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002361867,0.0002255714,0.00008902992,0.000164492,0.00001845789,0.0004661539,0.00001775921,0.0003473776,0.000003392252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001073189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001452767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003841215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001535594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989545,0.00001094834,0.0003960144,0.0001154898,0.0002451118,0.0002779702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995344,0.00004120677,0.00003910943,0.0001625868,0.00006514136,0.0001575685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007987582,0.00002574243,0.00001569743,0.00008577273,0.00005033665,0.00001517298,0.0001919952,0.7847658,0.2107722,0.00004940048,0.002194313,0.00182556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007649377,0.00007586065,0.0005767603,0.0001374563,0.00004134702,0.0001452295,0.000009038527,0.9829567,0.01011477,0.00001409004,0.004900532,0.0002632648],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9344422,0.008197477,0.05634071,0.0001894837,0.000480511,0.00007533587,0.0000285573,0.0001264266,0.0001193086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913911,0.0009230394,0.007294719,0.00002013385,0.0002723165,0.000001332524,0.000005641375,0.00005418256,0.0000375925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2006574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9198533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968811346","doi":"10.1115/1.1845551","title":"Modeling of Entropy Production in Turbulent Flows","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Entropy production; Turbulence; Compressibility; Entropy (arrow of time); Statistical physics; Closure problem; Dissipation; Physics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mechanics; Convection–diffusion equation; Second law of thermodynamics; K-omega turbulence model; Buoyancy; Ideal gas; Reynolds stress; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006129744002242653,"gpt":0.2162924762280777,"spread":0.2101627322258351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009591923,0.00006365118,0.0001459122,0.00007555953,0.000007845779,0.000004439833,0.00005616645,0.00001401882,0.000007523984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001565957,0.00005783762,0.00005103117,0.00007664336,0.00000244671,0.00008189108,0.000008064753,0.0001396617,3.504751e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004766461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002178794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007143185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.970507e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994429,0.000003493237,0.0003004299,0.00005167363,0.000102274,0.0000991652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997912,0.000007663405,0.00005136033,0.00005427342,0.00006051836,0.00003496764],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000872046,0.00003721055,0.00001555715,0.00001082705,0.00001090399,0.000003152882,0.00006896364,0.8868389,0.05455617,0.05714358,2.218292e-7,0.001305846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000373036,0.00005261711,0.00002585829,0.0001205016,0.000009218611,0.000006312501,0.00004298247,0.9688497,0.007068139,0.02338055,0.00000772941,0.00006335767],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4327731,0.00004270736,0.5670069,0.0000271358,0.0001152711,0.00002154783,0.00000102582,0.000001595567,0.00001070934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9586654,0.000009510709,0.04116421,0.000001260179,0.0001474118,7.837697e-7,6.286747e-7,0.000008944945,0.000001890198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5258922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.235855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964874931","doi":"10.1115/1.1900140","title":"Unsteady Numerical Simulations of Turbulence and Coherent Structures in Axial Flow Near a Narrow Gap","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds stress; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Vortex; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Lagrangian coherent structures; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007208709501693157,"gpt":0.208992069432928,"spread":0.2017833599312348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001163339,0.0001599605,0.0002993283,0.0001957054,0.00001849671,0.00003006332,0.0001224387,0.00007817579,0.00003478252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004218477,0.0001513576,0.00007193741,0.0001817998,0.00001915107,0.0001874563,0.00002001995,0.0003000392,7.750745e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008168023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002205034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004302805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003095762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989716,0.000008625458,0.0005240787,0.00008359239,0.0002123376,0.0001997366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996344,0.00005882193,0.00005019468,0.0001034848,0.00005108535,0.0001020203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001083747,0.00001797255,0.0006597016,0.00006830521,0.00002482022,0.00001037839,0.000300449,0.9878711,0.008822279,0.0001852464,0.00005940492,0.001969524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005577172,0.00005838274,0.003502802,0.00008413045,0.00001615422,0.00005438318,0.000004933395,0.9942814,0.000577046,0.00003727403,0.0006874727,0.0001382898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857774,0.002185053,0.0114725,0.00004875407,0.0003523747,0.00007507441,0.00001049822,0.00002948102,0.00004886954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808573,0.00007135265,0.01885022,0.000006742727,0.000179682,9.100593e-7,0.000001554232,0.00002724158,0.000004988914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008245233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6172183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072213058","doi":"10.1115/1.4006861","title":"Pressure Drop for Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Circular and Noncircular Ducts","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Pressure drop; Turbulence; Dimensionless quantity; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Flow conditioning; Reynolds stress; Duct (anatomy); Shear stress; Pipe flow; Mathematics; Materials science; Physics; Anatomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01202963984239168,"gpt":0.2054023632063863,"spread":0.1933727233639946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005819458,0.0002036298,0.0003325831,0.0002544932,0.00001941677,0.00002715269,0.0001299105,0.0001236419,0.00001196766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006992582,0.0002067398,0.00008301032,0.0001657867,0.000006268197,0.0003732948,0.00001091361,0.0002808058,0.000001829122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009931943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003139906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.62735e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.421405e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987844,0.00001244089,0.0004576489,0.00009068348,0.0002131207,0.0004417247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995207,0.00004914698,0.00001773004,0.0001174337,0.00007442656,0.0002205638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001214251,0.00003228522,0.0002743929,0.001071482,0.000161482,0.00005472145,0.001173286,0.3121088,0.6829129,0.0003452187,0.0001175843,0.001735722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002859043,0.0001648949,0.007855396,0.0006768566,0.0002257613,0.001297337,0.00008764235,0.7977134,0.164893,0.00006843279,0.02330177,0.0008564771],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4267024,0.0101194,0.562112,0.00004778245,0.0007294855,0.0002008877,0.000004033159,0.00006052632,0.00002356931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.964475,0.0002227792,0.03484813,0.00001733333,0.0003485082,0.00001216065,0.000001355767,0.00006912684,0.000005632458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5377726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8430603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990072453","doi":"10.1115/1.4001292","title":"Experimental Analysis of Microchannel Entrance Length Characteristics Using Microparticle Image Velocimetry","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Microchannel; Laminar flow; Reynolds number; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Hydraulic diameter; Velocimetry; Flow conditioning; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Optics; Physics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006284348531257592,"gpt":0.2183928659144238,"spread":0.2121085173831662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001668969,0.0001394369,0.0003522253,0.0003724797,0.00002138587,0.00002619565,0.0001293197,0.00007163458,0.00004939909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002341732,0.0001459272,0.0001769328,0.0004970613,0.00001952334,0.0002329772,0.000008426576,0.000259457,9.241357e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004569413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001669628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002627962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.785381e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990429,0.000006881692,0.000524718,0.00007184888,0.0001545932,0.0001991161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996117,0.00002852087,0.00004080949,0.0001153484,0.0001021324,0.0001014846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007870354,0.00003086969,0.0003841712,0.00004344156,0.0002497183,0.000008362054,0.0003795587,0.1404206,0.8583046,0.00001713002,0.000006455699,0.0001472657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001840226,0.00001835392,0.002794051,0.00002008254,0.0001977642,0.00002067882,0.00002722019,0.3997817,0.5968351,2.795184e-7,0.00002904313,0.00009172465],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6953722,0.0002655139,0.3038844,0.000003624255,0.0003986575,0.00002666405,0.00001037404,0.0000233528,0.00001517162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607555,0.00004568329,0.03902375,0.000004508093,0.0001361971,5.352816e-7,0.000002652181,0.0000299989,0.000001157013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2653833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5950739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016335316","doi":"10.1115/1.2911677","title":"PIV Study of Separated and Reattached Open Channel Flow Over Surface Mounted Blocks","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Boundary layer; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Mechanics; Turbulence; Geometry; Reynolds number; Open-channel flow; Particle image velocimetry; Flow separation; Boundary layer thickness; Vortex; Mean flow; Context (archaeology); Optics; Materials science; Geology; Physics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01293010172503804,"gpt":0.2366715130855061,"spread":0.2237414113604681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002608708,0.0002285598,0.0005060121,0.0001843728,0.00004171865,0.00003771213,0.0002958521,0.00008589964,0.00002123875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003006365,0.0002146256,0.00006769531,0.0002846427,0.00001448365,0.0002846585,0.00008624154,0.0002934096,9.749484e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006659348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002187233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002873511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000271544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987689,0.00001555035,0.0005980133,0.0001260115,0.0002602595,0.0002312324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994179,0.00004656093,0.00007662195,0.0001969733,0.0001259282,0.0001359902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003259958,0.0001069689,0.001227389,0.0000440541,0.0002045234,0.000101356,0.0009479091,0.966243,0.03054437,0.000006602553,0.0004945346,0.00004672264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001851485,0.0003049601,0.009312216,0.00008207474,0.00005072783,0.0001998521,0.0000377716,0.9867168,0.001122577,0.000002732699,0.0001124203,0.0002063527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962094,0.0009024477,0.002078034,0.000008812834,0.0003900753,0.0002173763,0.000008182208,0.00004768096,0.0001379735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977859,0.000316006,0.00167377,0.000004624473,0.00007818593,0.000002203169,0.0000019619,0.00005190003,0.00008540456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02942179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8752177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035771297","doi":"10.1115/1.2353261","title":"Electro-Osmotic Flow in Reservoir-Connected Flat Microchannels With Non-Uniform Zeta Potential","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Laplace's equation; Poisson's equation; Electric potential; Electric field; Compressibility; Electro-osmosis; Flow (mathematics); Pressure gradient; Potential flow; Streaming current; Zeta potential; Debye length; Newtonian fluid; Physics; Classical mechanics; Electrokinetic phenomena; Materials science; Chemistry; Partial differential equation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002449788031346895,"gpt":0.1628300443964648,"spread":0.1603802563651179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001961076,0.0002636833,0.0003709092,0.000441545,0.00004312865,0.00005008964,0.000278028,0.0001196448,0.00003404868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009836287,0.0002409164,0.0001108714,0.0005948214,0.00001618362,0.0002167906,0.00001780137,0.0004792449,0.000008298694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002203684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005307994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001624445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005513536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984949,0.0000100324,0.0005975732,0.0001445778,0.0002546423,0.0004982958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994788,0.00002965558,0.00006623669,0.0002089711,0.0001134412,0.0001029056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002703327,0.00001926249,0.00003926729,0.00005287094,0.00004353166,0.00007017834,0.0000395147,0.2354175,0.7575496,0.00006869646,0.006580053,0.00009247577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001780283,0.0002977499,0.002318349,0.0002443738,0.00009595497,0.00100445,0.00004081307,0.2573949,0.7302127,0.000141401,0.005885732,0.0005832775],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8304969,0.01024672,0.1586403,0.00006579851,0.0001362168,0.00013698,0.000004050458,0.00007781022,0.0001952608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923655,0.003246729,0.003813358,0.00001082091,0.00039241,0.000009781638,0.00001173484,0.00008045458,0.00006925582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1618686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9824285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088520951","doi":"10.1115/1.4003425","title":"Evaluation of Turbulence Models Using Direct Numerical and Large-Eddy Simulation Data","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence modeling; Turbulence; Boundary layer; Mechanics; Direct numerical simulation; Large eddy simulation; Nonlinear system; Anisotropy; Duct (anatomy); Physics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Reynolds number; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08252385039252583,"gpt":0.2749964337804324,"spread":0.1924725833879065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001211047,0.0001284539,0.0002370593,0.0001731212,0.00001839512,0.00001433162,0.0001917364,0.00006177476,0.00001666112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001186104,0.0001239909,0.00004372361,0.0001437496,0.000008152597,0.0005991298,0.00005655416,0.000148052,2.841715e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006844709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003039047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005256299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.401876e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988201,0.00002388271,0.0004332308,0.000103516,0.0004609079,0.0001583715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993379,0.00004726069,0.00007477094,0.0002345978,0.0002317966,0.00007370265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005965122,0.00001921688,0.0000871923,0.00004833333,0.00006346509,0.000002984207,0.0002357422,0.9938987,0.003482222,0.00007715356,0.000007836873,0.002071167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003657586,0.00003297698,0.0004600665,0.0001062216,0.0001731948,0.00002176771,0.00000770058,0.9981874,0.0003981202,0.0000996616,0.00002793798,0.0001191649],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4176811,0.002610158,0.5791081,0.000001334347,0.0003338382,0.00006991665,0.00001457263,0.00002638615,0.0001545795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799054,0.000135079,0.01984013,0.000001778781,0.00008519713,5.541338e-7,0.000003134457,0.00002772066,9.793066e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5622243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5056201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992235294","doi":"10.1115/1.4001157","title":"Asymptotic Generalizations of the Lockhart–Martinelli Method for Two Phase Flows","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laminar flow; Pressure drop; Turbulence; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Open-channel flow; Isothermal flow; Two-phase flow; Thermodynamics; Pipe flow; Flow coefficient; Plug flow; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01166152780285856,"gpt":0.2795424577311275,"spread":0.2678809299282689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003467458,0.0001293849,0.0002520555,0.0001028781,0.00004793048,0.00001427987,0.0001783364,0.00004657587,0.00001310065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001204557,0.00009415385,0.0002046802,0.000182166,0.00001202232,0.00008481128,0.00001051545,0.0002531504,5.430627e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001777789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002430532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001649805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005847075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991447,0.000009584795,0.0004627822,0.00005786671,0.0001439459,0.0001810779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994938,0.0001307371,0.00002640593,0.0001427775,0.0001436356,0.00006262596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000343834,0.00001935882,0.00004534389,0.00008765164,0.00006833601,7.513502e-7,0.0001503837,0.3794332,0.6182751,0.0003581642,0.0002681774,0.001290029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001148157,0.00006076385,0.0001631958,0.00006967225,0.000115055,0.00004248086,0.00001265665,0.6766436,0.3172266,0.00005201849,0.004338902,0.0001268228],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2956777,0.000317757,0.7024161,0.0000771734,0.001319947,0.00008929216,0.00001123403,0.00003334258,0.00005739538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9265438,0.00003782651,0.07282918,0.00001402435,0.0005087357,0.000006458269,7.902979e-7,0.00003767975,0.00002145423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6308661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3839483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024209745","doi":"10.1115/1.4001973","title":"Laminar Flow in Microchannels With Noncircular Cross Section","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rhombus; Equilateral triangle; Rectangle; Laminar flow; Ellipse; Cross section (physics); Geometry; Pressure drop; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Physics; Optics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003569608750505147,"gpt":0.1880417691351098,"spread":0.1844721603846046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002049297,0.0001196156,0.0001632925,0.0002247481,0.00001647869,0.0000380911,0.00008605883,0.00009914496,0.00001678692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001513831,0.0001097918,0.00004797549,0.0002223512,0.000008450844,0.0003044831,0.000003223345,0.0004811681,0.000001740446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005400933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001815319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002248986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009304385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99934,0.000004357486,0.0002760946,0.00006245606,0.0001357981,0.0001812877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997441,0.00001743512,0.00001103082,0.00007986966,0.000073109,0.00007445458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006767068,0.000007671081,0.0005847171,0.00004933446,0.00001156125,0.00003397441,0.0002087229,0.6763878,0.3223318,0.00000788358,0.00001235578,0.0003573388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001117047,0.0001148206,0.01097247,0.0001549127,0.00001994476,0.0005946814,0.00002415682,0.8494924,0.1362029,0.000005023281,0.001040391,0.0002613214],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6299743,0.000107644,0.3690942,0.000008394501,0.0006518057,0.00003625797,0.000001012788,0.00004012156,0.00008624251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846767,0.00004908129,0.01483537,0.000005192928,0.000385907,0.000002101525,0.000001210021,0.00003755299,0.000006844633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3547024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.447718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013024796","doi":"10.1115/1.3059699","title":"Slip-Flow Pressure Drop in Microchannels of General Cross Section","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Knudsen number; Pressure drop; Slip (aerodynamics); Slip ratio; Laminar flow; Boundary value problem; Compressibility; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Mathematical analysis; Shear stress","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008708094332482883,"gpt":0.2549499105299928,"spread":0.2462418161975099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004205938,0.0001013941,0.0002536456,0.0001858674,0.00001109268,0.00001676112,0.00012485,0.00007842098,0.00001333763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001130692,0.00009253144,0.0001015556,0.0001169943,0.000008279157,0.00009173976,0.00001245565,0.0002239255,2.326517e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003256045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001675851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001870724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.932708e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991421,0.00001492336,0.0004758139,0.00006260098,0.0001543465,0.0001502478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995655,0.00004808975,0.0001377692,0.00009987996,0.0001011718,0.00004763269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004970117,0.0001186365,0.0002122976,0.0001611635,0.00004722118,0.00003089846,0.0007024596,0.2882135,0.7039791,0.005304529,0.0001912453,0.0009892046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003333378,0.000930346,0.02377382,0.0009624877,0.0001610031,0.0007677739,0.00008739832,0.8237675,0.1107432,0.03392274,0.001007613,0.0005427236],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9250577,0.0004120842,0.07392324,0.00003567895,0.0004112142,0.0000483202,0.000002416349,0.000010515,0.00009879974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9724422,0.00003260763,0.02698727,0.00000891317,0.0003431466,4.090474e-7,2.727685e-7,0.00001485766,0.0001702827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5932359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3773322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080154997","doi":"10.1115/1.1624426","title":"Analysis of the Flow Through a Vented Automotive Brake Rotor","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rotor (electric); Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Inlet; Flow (mathematics); Suction; Brake; Centrifugal pump; Materials science; Airflow; Mechanical engineering; Impeller; Engineering; Physics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007315091107008565,"gpt":0.2108565966185769,"spread":0.2035415055115683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002866277,0.0001706904,0.0004276385,0.0002508312,0.00002687167,0.00001798066,0.0003017225,0.00007662662,0.0000356039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003642622,0.0001377559,0.0005127079,0.001289175,0.00002173882,0.0001917578,0.00002221222,0.0003178687,0.000002136424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001645942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003123494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001396474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001834466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986871,0.00003511965,0.0006000496,0.0000850678,0.0003456523,0.0002469872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993092,0.00009838729,0.00009386283,0.0002982664,0.0001290715,0.00007119292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003041873,0.00002321711,0.001807747,0.00002738986,0.001221346,0.00001213145,0.0003786373,0.9361986,0.05968851,0.0004324972,0.00009493159,0.0001119502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000336176,0.00003028539,0.008861628,0.00007561628,0.0006492397,0.00002683984,0.00003400371,0.96615,0.02296712,0.00003028768,0.0006959174,0.0001428081],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8999399,0.0007824296,0.09754592,0.00001711676,0.00114392,0.00009092492,0.00001150327,0.00005523752,0.0004130833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886493,0.00004929101,0.01117927,0.00001300663,0.00005291661,0.000003359552,6.309102e-7,0.0000357192,0.00001647984],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08870946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5617521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969072796","doi":"10.1115/1.4001695","title":"Maximum Spread of Droplet on Solid Surface: Low Reynolds and Weber Numbers","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dissipation; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Drop (telecommunication); Kinetic energy; Weber number; Solid surface; Physics; Volume (thermodynamics); Viscous liquid; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003329247420835528,"gpt":0.1943836651053448,"spread":0.1910544176845092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002349789,0.0001923369,0.0003444886,0.000162539,0.00001971974,0.00002704089,0.0001428327,0.0001477584,0.00004568965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002453504,0.0001811142,0.0001110196,0.0001236802,0.00002583311,0.0001450939,0.0000130127,0.0005930703,0.000004082167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003438826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001856734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005259831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006925695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989747,0.000004905875,0.0004535992,0.00009152667,0.0002310231,0.000244193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995146,0.00005972311,0.00002658466,0.0001715612,0.0000767232,0.0001508489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001640745,0.0000241182,0.000497713,0.0001939795,0.00006846142,0.00002860167,0.0001527354,0.2349077,0.7623586,0.0008025165,0.0004322105,0.000516944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001865179,0.0003985596,0.0112076,0.0006045834,0.000102819,0.0004106378,0.00003774333,0.8163985,0.1644207,0.0001452998,0.003740493,0.000667887],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889933,0.0002818345,0.008764252,0.00006070023,0.001138597,0.00005685453,0.00001082605,0.000047279,0.0006463092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950302,0.0003367318,0.00435765,0.00001216881,0.0001740249,6.387222e-7,0.0000010037,0.00005779694,0.00002981591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5979379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7385624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060724013","doi":"10.1115/1.1455033","title":"A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Reduction (mathematics); Interpolation (computer graphics); Data reduction; Flow (mathematics); Conical surface; Grid; Mathematics; Range (aeronautics); Linear interpolation; Polynomial; Optics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Materials science; Statistics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04688398240178854,"gpt":0.3253298395193042,"spread":0.2784458571175157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004720268,0.000145794,0.0003915941,0.000213898,0.00001949173,0.00002121909,0.0003054698,0.0000741656,0.00002268027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007497753,0.0001400528,0.0001171659,0.0001766529,0.000009627116,0.0003276602,0.00003317742,0.0002122917,0.000001379567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005533717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007964946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.252467e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.538061e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989206,0.00001249433,0.0006341904,0.00009755194,0.000143006,0.0001921714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993914,0.00007932777,0.00009374266,0.0002565157,0.0001011368,0.00007789959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007753766,0.00005570439,0.00002240469,0.0002716836,0.0001137314,0.000001284243,0.0003456534,0.7870167,0.1810278,0.000230611,0.002126013,0.02878068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003976797,0.0001124936,0.00003807764,0.0000929235,0.00006408949,0.00004797255,0.00001825253,0.9789944,0.009007316,0.00002770862,0.01106715,0.0001318819],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04412546,0.005892926,0.9484545,0.00004437924,0.001155861,0.0001532578,0.00001855993,0.0000608117,0.00009422685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5464135,0.0001625099,0.4530178,0.000002267287,0.0003057028,0.000004896083,0.000006282225,0.00004652096,0.00004045495],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5022881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5711188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011969740","doi":"10.1115/1.4003277","title":"Characteristics of Turbulent Three-Dimensional Wall Jets","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Particle image velocimetry; Physics; Mechanics; Boundary layer; Jet (fluid); Reynolds stress; Turbulence kinetic energy; Geometry; Optics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01139671864832266,"gpt":0.1821926393207726,"spread":0.17079592067245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000211326,0.0001917511,0.0003594654,0.0002298229,0.00001405624,0.00001037572,0.0002172693,0.00008944816,0.00009552565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002836739,0.0001761561,0.0001788469,0.0001220862,0.00001532915,0.0001464496,0.00002575251,0.000277399,0.000007429817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005936723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002186711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004821963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.741256e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987119,0.000005043379,0.0006944,0.00007703827,0.0002792794,0.000232379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994223,0.00003218895,0.0001000126,0.0001661768,0.0001464553,0.0001328474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000251698,0.0003246204,0.005869187,0.0009136126,0.0007836201,0.0006141833,0.001003298,0.8040273,0.1763642,0.003423917,0.00152055,0.004903893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000477718,0.0002579044,0.03166986,0.0002350911,0.00006664583,0.0002014593,0.000001697785,0.9599207,0.005946027,0.0000751886,0.0008828812,0.0002648352],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853507,0.0009590593,0.01228794,0.00001625574,0.001044836,0.00005930705,0.00000686153,0.0000568764,0.0002182174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902453,0.0001322115,0.009378899,0.00001138029,0.0001650823,0.000001273379,0.000002248153,0.00004947099,0.00001407924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1704181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7183436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990749187","doi":"10.1115/1.3089543","title":"The Effects of Inlet Geometry and Gas-Liquid Mixing on Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inlet; Microchannel; Mechanics; Slug flow; Two-phase flow; Bubble; Materials science; Pressure drop; Hydraulic diameter; Porosity; Reducer; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Composite material; Reynolds number; Physics; Geology; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004688140659579437,"gpt":0.2317276047919821,"spread":0.2270394641324027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005385418,0.0001598065,0.000254744,0.0004667106,0.00002749877,0.00001930224,0.0001476316,0.0000662938,0.000001192523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001654994,0.000129273,0.00004864404,0.0005468787,0.00002240012,0.000135982,0.00001501075,0.0003689547,3.779324e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001026773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001294462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.840397e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.658667e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989935,0.00001068805,0.0005496785,0.00007382665,0.0001602889,0.0002119802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995345,0.0001474961,0.00006309112,0.0001202274,0.00009980687,0.00003485155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004910771,0.00002306209,0.000006246275,0.0001041205,0.0000226538,0.000027094,0.0002063398,0.002194242,0.9722216,0.0008179329,0.0003448481,0.02398273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001044545,0.0006756283,0.000174974,0.0005009741,0.00001038301,0.00007312992,0.00002701785,0.008625736,0.9880363,0.0001053194,0.0005967881,0.0001292386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7888839,0.00280722,0.2077591,0.00005359435,0.0003079879,0.00009311913,0.000001526101,0.00003640497,0.00005717223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976699,0.0002784259,0.001855027,0.00004009928,0.0001296163,0.000002029019,0.000001179501,0.00002054745,0.00000313434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.208786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152554049","doi":"10.1115/1.4028842","title":"Numerical Analysis of Laminar-Drag-Reducing Grooves","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Drag; Reynolds number; Groove (engineering); Mechanics; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Parasitic drag; Lift-to-drag ratio; Geometry; Mathematics; Physics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005881795504102856,"gpt":0.1970368965676478,"spread":0.1911551010635449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004673029,0.000185698,0.0006211213,0.0007744785,0.00001621078,0.00001944722,0.0002310801,0.00009105942,0.00004654207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001032552,0.0001804806,0.0003306053,0.0008795669,0.00001013628,0.0001874408,0.00001026499,0.0002888438,0.000002941134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007645062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001439204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004137753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.172203e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998603,0.00002235053,0.000685935,0.00009584968,0.0003240644,0.0002687713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993694,0.000142023,0.00004265854,0.0001986122,0.00009000592,0.0001572322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003725811,0.00001348361,0.00009724468,0.00009403495,0.0004726526,0.00000797454,0.0002369161,0.6999213,0.2966102,0.0005800232,0.00003361085,0.001928915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003010012,0.0001439651,0.003519203,0.0001213527,0.0006021934,0.00004226444,0.00002396118,0.8466923,0.1477259,0.00002087013,0.0005950519,0.0002119125],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3949495,0.000286132,0.6039892,0.00001771399,0.0003926597,0.00002513562,0.000002030136,0.00006119419,0.0002764525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854843,0.00004952272,0.01420236,0.000007439727,0.000201364,0.000001246273,0.000001197705,0.00004539662,0.000007191805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5905347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7359785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996309192","doi":"10.1115/1.1493810","title":"The Effects of Surface Roughness on the Mean Velocity Profile in a Turbulent Boundary Layer","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Atomic Energy (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Boundary layer; Mechanics; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Surface roughness; Boundary layer thickness; Wake; Wind tunnel; Surface finish; Law of the wall; Shear velocity; Parasitic drag; Roughness length; Geometry; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Wind speed; Meteorology; Composite material; Wind profile power law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00709265372570962,"gpt":0.1868919689447976,"spread":0.179799315219088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004639903,0.0001850458,0.0002559451,0.00008798887,0.00005736917,0.00005093993,0.0003241606,0.00006815946,0.00001955882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001200739,0.0001128929,0.0001326139,0.0002517318,0.00002563735,0.0001058291,0.00002611888,0.0005031137,0.000007065566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001419906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001195957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003608132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002704148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988102,0.000032016,0.0004636477,0.00008007725,0.0003364026,0.000277676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991207,0.0004662516,0.00006415247,0.0002291728,0.00005966867,0.00006003024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001595479,0.00006014744,0.0001093614,0.0002514153,0.0001014691,0.00006743768,0.0007687776,0.9645829,0.02918489,0.001087756,0.002292056,0.001477809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004324976,0.0001157019,0.001728554,0.0003377284,0.00001720695,0.00003028521,0.00001549908,0.9855276,0.009154027,0.00003079474,0.002464662,0.0001454966],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922216,0.005053891,0.001000129,0.0002736769,0.000950449,0.0001859308,0.000002098505,0.0000327705,0.0002794738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985301,0.0008483076,0.00037915,0.00001869634,0.0001139467,0.000005289532,2.986411e-7,0.0000384849,0.00006573738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02094462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4603638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061778421","doi":"10.1115/1.2844580","title":"Inhomogeneous Multifluid Model for Prediction of Nonequilibrium Phase Transition and Droplet Dynamics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Mechanics; Phase transition; Transonic; Physics; Statistical physics; Metastability; Inertia; Momentum (technical analysis); Nucleation; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Aerodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01942741105951937,"gpt":0.2194933447327418,"spread":0.2000659336732224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001113148,0.00006715617,0.0001342475,0.0001206514,0.00004072401,0.000008901331,0.000045658,0.00003554722,0.00002367549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004303462,0.00006399075,0.00005925723,0.00008022373,0.00002491779,0.000351327,0.000001803654,0.00007100851,7.732634e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001165617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002725558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001165294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008715851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993575,0.000007607059,0.000343495,0.00006090029,0.0001324671,0.00009801811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996111,0.0000697753,0.00008304182,0.00004874901,0.0001131398,0.00007418066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001075345,0.0000297835,0.001113993,0.00002644955,0.00001955522,0.000006142747,0.0005973678,0.8601043,0.136646,0.000006818145,0.00008271174,0.001259358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008110264,0.0002890442,0.003387874,0.00002297271,0.00002636102,0.000360279,0.00004698126,0.9880995,0.006826027,0.000007324347,0.00007263738,0.0000499395],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7871039,0.0001364658,0.2122552,0.000069514,0.0001548952,0.00006163603,0.0002007118,0.00001046804,0.00000728405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856652,0.00009027368,0.01414141,0.00000775735,0.00005568011,3.411299e-7,0.00001866009,0.000004956541,0.0000157229],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1985613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2609467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005741491","doi":"10.1115/1.4024081","title":"Numerical Simulation of the Breakup of Elliptical Liquid Jet in Still Air","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Breakup; Volume of fluid method; Mechanics; Body orifice; Weber number; Jet (fluid); Ranging; Computer simulation; Volume (thermodynamics); Physics; Work (physics); Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005140356736600552,"gpt":0.1938082735232099,"spread":0.1886679167866094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000150382,0.0001175613,0.0002925099,0.0001514209,0.000005988888,0.000005625255,0.0001670775,0.00008241737,0.0000347904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004856508,0.00008703753,0.0001373345,0.0002275758,0.00001732204,0.0001471451,0.00001213534,0.0002739182,0.000001957994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005759738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001810326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000125402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001121804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989383,0.00001118939,0.000610301,0.00005167112,0.0002245831,0.0001640031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957,0.0001104759,0.00002920556,0.0001266711,0.0001016028,0.00006211053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001063153,0.00002188987,0.0005676839,0.0001025071,0.00002036286,0.000001632867,0.0001319862,0.8507604,0.1479289,0.0002690007,0.0000204173,0.0001646155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003028317,0.0001036391,0.01808295,0.0001670825,0.00001474622,0.00001185384,0.000008658332,0.9645082,0.01658932,0.00002273321,0.0001029146,0.00008508419],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.894086,0.0002700849,0.1051103,0.00005903463,0.0002801103,0.00008061755,0.000002197293,0.00001336509,0.00009832234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985283,0.0000486373,0.00130932,0.000007444814,0.00007664023,0.000001452601,2.777062e-7,0.00002514733,0.000002790235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1313396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3549288,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028197297","doi":"10.1115/1.1852492","title":"Transformation of a Polynomial for a Contraction Wall Profile","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Contraction (grammar); Mathematics; Polynomial; Transformation (genetics); Mathematical analysis; Medicine; Internal medicine; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004810297458539602,"gpt":0.2151476921210223,"spread":0.2103373946624827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001470819,0.00006020091,0.0001421536,0.00005703278,0.00001751159,0.000007121279,0.00005891799,0.00002999271,0.00001922739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001789721,0.0000481018,0.00006340347,0.00007287093,0.00001334924,0.0001573929,0.000003034825,0.00005916021,7.946048e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000288153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003783994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.266384e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.35081e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994939,0.000001423962,0.0002815407,0.00002820732,0.00008370819,0.0001112391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998265,0.00003514596,0.00003625415,0.00002691196,0.00003999205,0.00003522571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008234626,0.00002272077,0.000003379027,0.0002044169,0.00004039324,4.055289e-7,0.0004653333,0.4698,0.4871061,0.005948696,0.0003567252,0.03596943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001547113,0.0003660865,0.0002282501,0.000134731,0.00005399816,0.00003290875,0.0002280517,0.4959942,0.4300847,0.0006145369,0.07044688,0.0002684651],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3131228,0.0004034656,0.6848387,0.000116397,0.0005738044,0.0001171863,0.000009181355,0.0000299862,0.0007885218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822502,0.00008408578,0.01731878,0.000005915697,0.0003209978,0.000003923594,5.146707e-7,0.000006597184,0.000008974122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6691274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1961535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972692365","doi":"10.1115/1.1384568","title":"Two-Equation Turbulence Modeling for Impeller Stirred Tanks","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Impeller; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Physics; Flow (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01429250708309784,"gpt":0.2178711957516526,"spread":0.2035786886685548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003174776,0.0001663101,0.0002292088,0.0002222587,0.00003527996,0.00005000199,0.0001603952,0.00006731181,0.0000100572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008043415,0.0001668952,0.000137611,0.0001604067,0.000004421287,0.0003113393,0.00001356531,0.0002183237,0.000002764567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001294715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002062066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002764278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.307078e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989526,0.000004076393,0.0004848292,0.00008885984,0.0001854874,0.0002841819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995366,0.00005524346,0.00004430107,0.0001168542,0.0001426349,0.0001043547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001083404,0.000006208096,0.00001773844,0.00004816643,0.00003340873,0.00001043998,0.00009705117,0.9135904,0.08333798,0.000302496,0.0001708785,0.002374337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006004804,0.00004817261,0.00001881959,0.0001243589,0.00002855523,0.00010177,0.00002764747,0.9967237,0.001042,0.0001323421,0.0009691922,0.0001830245],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2290096,0.00127367,0.7680832,0.00003170846,0.001322733,0.00007923529,0.000002380378,0.0000722168,0.0001252132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9583783,0.0004141908,0.04054112,0.00001183406,0.0005146479,0.000005246374,0.000002548503,0.00005948079,0.00007265031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7293686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.680579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900516136","doi":"10.1115/1.4041989","title":"Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Spacing Effects on Characteristics of Round Twin Free Jets","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Reynolds stress; Turbulence kinetic energy; Vorticity; Jet (fluid); Physics; Shear stress; Materials science; Optics; Vortex; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006610534278792954,"gpt":0.2059862798346981,"spread":0.1993757455559051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002210983,0.0001600804,0.0003333559,0.0002011578,0.00001966199,0.00001488359,0.0001954723,0.00007988339,0.000009149786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001528909,0.0001596267,0.00008853939,0.0001367495,0.00003529988,0.0001293607,0.00003361289,0.0002082512,0.000001534865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001739262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001798806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.795994e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989513,0.000009822992,0.0005372405,0.00007193738,0.0002648808,0.0001648869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993386,0.0001089757,0.0001472502,0.0001934536,0.000126258,0.00008541525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001613068,0.0000166269,0.000278695,0.0002455824,0.00005285369,0.000009808726,0.0003998584,0.02868845,0.9693977,0.0003029606,0.0001461479,0.0004452062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004460189,0.0004525906,0.005930096,0.0005979657,0.00003288102,0.00002093248,0.00003038868,0.2141732,0.7780814,0.00004000305,0.0000438253,0.0001507157],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498981,0.0001968033,0.04833719,0.000006858785,0.001337298,0.000058876,0.000008701091,0.00002601498,0.0001301139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895985,0.00002175394,0.009690344,0.000007940524,0.0006313871,0.000001126675,0.000001572077,0.00004164684,0.000005793964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1913163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6509389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546423191","doi":"10.1115/1.4035116","title":"On the History, Science, and Technology Included in the Moody Diagram","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Diagram; Buckingham; Dimensionless quantity; Flow (mathematics); Computer science; Calculus (dental); Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics; Geometry; History; Art history","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006201059996066995,"gpt":0.1688297461830648,"spread":0.1626286861869979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007146079,0.00006919241,0.00009360689,0.0003403893,0.00002594038,0.00001945528,0.0002336121,0.00003655158,0.000003772708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001970876,0.00003024355,0.00001476447,0.0002936418,0.00004706964,0.0001374161,0.00001788851,0.0001327169,0.000001338046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002034071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002113923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001079897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002994008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994296,0.000008104022,0.0001899608,0.00004684797,0.0001966149,0.0001288595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996992,0.00007730425,0.00002563014,0.0001141717,0.00006049106,0.00002318074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002247652,0.00008221614,0.002131387,0.0001506612,0.00008588547,0.0001171049,0.005319973,0.3115827,0.5495478,0.06794491,0.04790757,0.01510734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004735386,0.001276967,0.02175135,0.002427548,0.00008633533,0.001480757,0.0009312544,0.7370581,0.06449158,0.002364627,0.1619786,0.001417468],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9582865,0.001530238,0.03485849,0.002271779,0.001550313,0.0001651941,6.805443e-7,0.00007203535,0.001264732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996395,0.00006024632,0.0001700496,0.00001832916,0.00007017438,0.000003969762,1.922559e-8,0.000009160263,0.00002854634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4850562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1233296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983256963","doi":"10.1115/1.4002169","title":"Parallel Flow Through Ordered Fibers: An Analytical Approach","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Porosity; Materials science; Microstructure; Pressure drop; Poisson distribution; Permeability (electromagnetism); Mechanics; Hexagonal crystal system; Porous medium; Flow (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Mathematics; Composite material; Physics; Crystallography; Statistics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02344936326121779,"gpt":0.2599710270894643,"spread":0.2365216638282465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002699673,0.0002211274,0.0003693958,0.0001532379,0.00004399048,0.00006829172,0.0002403292,0.0001281566,0.00005344793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001214061,0.0001976703,0.0001363571,0.0002370234,0.00002742336,0.0007072827,0.00002879627,0.0006415066,0.00001269078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004571676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002013175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000112118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.541861e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987151,0.00001020595,0.000530856,0.0001206155,0.0003259058,0.0002973077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993043,0.00008395484,0.00005126913,0.0002466516,0.0001564558,0.0001573631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009700408,0.00003514785,0.0001755995,0.00006157725,0.0001434413,0.00001765931,0.0006367345,0.9874262,0.009121317,0.0009002452,0.0008267559,0.0006456503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006217218,0.00005300445,0.001538252,0.00002115886,0.00006541618,0.000128034,0.000104594,0.9898853,0.0004037546,0.00007948097,0.006849869,0.0002494098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3602512,0.0005641168,0.6341611,0.00007619289,0.001413726,0.0001119209,0.000004484109,0.0002938005,0.003123474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7275922,0.00004340375,0.2715558,0.00002014545,0.0006906482,0.00000250519,0.000002373495,0.00005603444,0.00003687852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.367341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8060762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2473291443","doi":"10.1115/1.4034098","title":"Drag Reduction Due to Streamwise Grooves in Turbulent Channel Flow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Drag; Mechanics; Turbulence; Parasitic drag; Laminar flow; Open-channel flow; Drag coefficient; Reynolds number; Physics; Computational fluid dynamics; Shear stress; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005203040823869585,"gpt":0.1836788777206445,"spread":0.1784758368967749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000241896,0.000207747,0.0003026788,0.0005297405,0.00001505334,0.00003001868,0.0001843041,0.00008625854,0.00002497349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005458327,0.0001612692,0.0001148254,0.0002616629,0.000007170442,0.0002984199,0.0000234688,0.0001980172,0.00001664919],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002675368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001715623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003063708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001811722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987877,0.000009039145,0.0005179825,0.0001220762,0.0002353429,0.0003278783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995058,0.0000344985,0.00003544212,0.0001650171,0.00006654848,0.0001927184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001620043,0.00002340156,0.00002091526,0.00004394814,0.00003183019,0.000120274,0.0002054707,0.876398,0.1154479,0.0001187368,0.0007860141,0.006787352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001174038,0.000198885,0.002901958,0.000840621,0.00002368099,0.0007751037,0.00002144392,0.9765745,0.01451051,0.0001386925,0.00238257,0.0004579771],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9198015,0.0009182826,0.07646947,0.0005239572,0.001955181,0.0001237307,0.000006641783,0.0001001509,0.0001010594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945472,0.0002944372,0.004458406,0.00001121602,0.0005580864,0.000006697353,8.273816e-7,0.00005751584,0.00006558358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1009374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6576369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990587562","doi":"10.1115/1.4024146","title":"Mixing Evaluation of a Passive Scaled-Up Serpentine Micromixer With Slanted Grooves","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Micromixer; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Advection; Flow visualization; Mixing (physics); Vortex; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Turbulence; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00578192870820242,"gpt":0.1934371915081755,"spread":0.187655262799973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002779631,0.0001649831,0.0002829894,0.0002100119,0.00002557141,0.00002677037,0.0001596758,0.00006234056,0.0001591335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003306284,0.0001369316,0.00008794491,0.0002747241,0.00001813691,0.0002227567,0.00001319196,0.0001943532,0.000008716061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004658645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006406955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.717085e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988166,0.00001879201,0.0004848932,0.00008865514,0.0003782474,0.0002128307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990999,0.00004011892,0.0001116115,0.0001614047,0.0004999282,0.00008708285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008523444,0.00001578269,0.0001105118,0.00007642393,0.0001347158,0.000001637283,0.0001462632,0.007408171,0.9837451,0.00005393694,0.006527812,0.001771111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001462718,0.0001457244,0.008924225,0.0003523591,0.0002864446,0.0002455221,0.0001531103,0.06877491,0.9172943,0.00005707764,0.001996513,0.0003071334],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9557564,0.01342089,0.03024758,0.00004180039,0.0001509099,0.0002061016,0.000002867318,0.00003843958,0.0001350654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959996,0.002445443,0.001334296,0.000006848786,0.0001206337,0.00002186256,0.000003836055,0.0000405279,0.00002695439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06645085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5583908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073368544","doi":"10.1115/1.2175165","title":"Airfoil Performance at Low Reynolds Numbers in the Presence of Periodic Disturbances","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Airfoil; Reynolds number; Wake; Angle of attack; Mechanics; Wind tunnel; Drag; Boundary layer; Vortex; Relative wind; Lift (data mining); Physics; Acoustics; Vortex generator; Flow separation; Starting vortex; Aerodynamics; Lift-to-drag ratio; Turbulence; Vortex ring","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003931981685594132,"gpt":0.1793496692172093,"spread":0.1754176875316152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003597255,0.0001557984,0.000245052,0.0001481653,0.00002775498,0.00002372311,0.0003703313,0.00005958257,0.00002072484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003559294,0.0001171968,0.0001074613,0.0001879685,0.00002767474,0.0002871084,0.00002685176,0.0003035115,0.000004469921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001510013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001556801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000329969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000632636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988416,0.00001129146,0.0005097265,0.00007589436,0.0003224509,0.0002390117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995866,0.00007295534,0.00006234746,0.000183649,0.00004258943,0.00005190432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001181325,0.00002100042,0.003125393,0.0001770003,0.0000204617,0.00001212854,0.0009545722,0.9834449,0.01030533,0.0001145016,0.0004967501,0.001316146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003835323,0.00006484113,0.01960113,0.0002829994,0.00001397534,0.000111955,0.00003297031,0.9722682,0.002828619,0.000002199961,0.004253705,0.0001559159],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952582,0.002736457,0.0008471159,0.00007964233,0.0004610587,0.00006155836,0.000002849789,0.00002326397,0.000529837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997511,0.0009534783,0.001217024,0.00001297949,0.0002189676,0.000003525672,7.85857e-7,0.00002261284,0.00005967719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01647573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4779147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020845457","doi":"10.1115/1.2842148","title":"Effects of Corrugated Roughness on Developed Laminar Flow in Microtubes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Mechanics; Slip (aerodynamics); Pressure drop; Materials science; Slip ratio; Microchannel; Surface roughness; Surface finish; Mass flow rate; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Shear stress","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0069317018734827,"gpt":0.1876593335130045,"spread":0.1807276316395218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001167629,0.0001359862,0.0002854826,0.0002963266,0.00001319933,0.000005371838,0.0001019405,0.00007736863,0.000004893787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005506306,0.0001314827,0.00006138211,0.0003094737,0.000008958791,0.0001457628,0.000004630799,0.0002167292,0.000002038142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007854987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002728578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000211621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.266043e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991855,0.00001316402,0.0004224181,0.00005712931,0.000153489,0.0001682887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997067,0.00009355917,0.00001502112,0.00006323482,0.00006363464,0.00005781737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002050076,0.00003034048,0.0004070067,0.0002661202,0.00002362391,0.0001318553,0.0005436276,0.8267348,0.1711439,0.000009988204,0.00007470871,0.0006134667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001429918,0.0001666607,0.02491279,0.0006555297,0.00002009091,0.000157667,0.00001217032,0.3207603,0.6514315,0.000001905002,0.0002323055,0.0002191454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8417255,0.0006407067,0.1570401,0.00000813833,0.0003880364,0.00007896065,0.000001117049,0.00003856713,0.00007891549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900451,0.0005961964,0.009238803,0.000006616051,0.00006840415,0.000002420136,0.000001247036,0.00003351776,0.000007671976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5059745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5361708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035013447","doi":"10.1115/1.4004591","title":"Slip-Flow in Microchannels of Non-Circular Cross Sections","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Slip (aerodynamics); Limiting; Boundary value problem; Mechanics; Geometry; Flow (mathematics); Mathematics; Cross section (physics); Mathematical analysis; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01092568958319603,"gpt":0.2056538747849205,"spread":0.1947281852017245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001881217,0.0001095157,0.0002163317,0.0003176356,0.00001165045,0.000009972152,0.0001101733,0.00008050691,0.00003341314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001639865,0.0001147185,0.00009939544,0.0002666115,0.000009211422,0.0002360879,0.000005539792,0.0002196306,0.000002460539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005851278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001735613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007082984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001218147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991998,0.000005514043,0.0004602562,0.00005399464,0.0001100082,0.0001703941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999731,0.00001577731,0.00001723829,0.00008453968,0.00008104753,0.00007041432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005855894,0.00002069506,0.0005952767,0.0001346728,0.00003066329,0.00001769672,0.001179529,0.8541853,0.1436185,0.00001011979,0.00002566577,0.0001760043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007956211,0.00008620932,0.01431902,0.0002359385,0.0000276204,0.0001183918,0.00004147093,0.6114288,0.3726092,0.00001327207,0.0001246267,0.0001998706],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4991163,0.0003268529,0.4996686,0.000002081726,0.0004437189,0.0000389302,0.000002553034,0.00002356807,0.0003773785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841065,0.000150652,0.01559721,0.000003068596,0.0001034275,0.00000182207,6.877586e-7,0.00003023464,0.000006347965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4849902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4678083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3169862707","doi":"10.1115/1.4051401","title":"An Experimental Investigation of Flow Phenomena in a Multistage Micro-Tesla Valve","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds number; Mechanics; Shadowgraph; Flow (mathematics); Vortex; Particle image velocimetry; Vortex shedding; Physics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006838317720386743,"gpt":0.2128948535307523,"spread":0.2060565358103655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001459281,0.0001050955,0.0002313215,0.000239169,0.000009697947,0.00002189159,0.00008414446,0.00004893749,0.0000605997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002401383,0.0001142047,0.0001204831,0.000284995,0.000009866671,0.0002680178,0.000009582019,0.0001474952,0.000001410556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001109063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003007404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002455856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002539063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991832,0.00001782476,0.0004634656,0.00006939226,0.00015009,0.0001160286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996651,0.00002099766,0.0000529423,0.0001073619,0.00006640238,0.00008714891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001744803,0.00001377298,0.0005394459,0.00002649541,0.00002717541,0.00001530483,0.0006204029,0.491871,0.5066368,0.00002103018,0.00001508037,0.0002117664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003599803,0.00002929312,0.001706094,0.00005761427,0.00001568126,0.00002490835,0.0003055005,0.7366816,0.2606891,0.00000543179,0.00003640019,0.00008837975],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8346901,0.001387605,0.1636047,0.00001020066,0.0001670594,0.00002563295,0.000003894363,0.00002594425,0.00008491024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649642,0.00004398884,0.03482544,0.00001238525,0.0001100356,0.000001229551,0.000008201335,0.00002105392,0.00001344334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2459477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4657134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045243121","doi":"10.1115/1.2979005","title":"Laminar Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Noncircular Ducts and Microchannels","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laminar flow; Duct (anatomy); Mechanics; Newtonian fluid; Non-Newtonian fluid; Dimensionless quantity; Shear stress; Physics; Materials science; Anatomy; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006195689048229275,"gpt":0.1758117906366051,"spread":0.1696161015883758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000164188,0.0001583838,0.0002638714,0.0003065486,0.00002649876,0.00001606586,0.00009241558,0.00009012059,0.000007986185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000208652,0.0001650581,0.0000582745,0.0002352447,0.00001297915,0.000275786,0.000007877034,0.0002423471,0.000002787443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007979156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002469849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002719404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001007099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991457,0.000007240026,0.0003804925,0.00008367236,0.0001466508,0.0002361832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997053,0.00002334235,0.00001087396,0.00008511278,0.00005191292,0.0001235304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004391557,0.00001019503,0.0003093243,0.0001012605,0.00001863119,0.0002048892,0.0009088963,0.6804437,0.317495,0.000003665136,0.0001018913,0.0003980963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009753513,0.00008354165,0.008026002,0.000239888,0.00001879847,0.001154953,0.00003527742,0.9208799,0.06771339,0.000004202625,0.0006037423,0.0002649498],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6882024,0.001921569,0.3093379,0.0000321791,0.0003158815,0.00005898084,0.000001767572,0.00003676623,0.00009255892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785752,0.001676438,0.01948191,0.00001361656,0.0001980894,0.00000177093,0.000001250622,0.00004177553,0.000009927156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2903728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6730872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}