{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":25,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":25,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"36872ec3df9a","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Genocide Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2193693854","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2015.1096580","title":"Canada and colonial genocide","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Vietnamese History and Culture Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Colonialism; Argument (complex analysis); Political science; Field (mathematics); Criminology; History; Law; Sociology; Medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Woolford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeff Benvenuto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1477791667113467,"gpt":0.4178970826811165,"spread":0.2701179159697698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004856367,0.00005911713,0.0001801398,0.0000804264,0.001053422,0.00005913599,0.0002504031,0.00005755499,0.00006140603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001480308,0.00004716055,0.0000371095,0.0002714804,0.0004508091,0.0001594784,0.00006761596,0.0004407256,0.000006980703],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008106272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006350555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4431812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8990652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973073,0.000588279,0.0002180436,0.00008796732,0.001444952,0.0003534848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977698,0.00009556011,0.000102256,0.00006931489,0.001530877,0.0004322195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002035042,0.00001743458,0.003347357,0.0000170975,0.0001163586,0.0006315056,0.1651844,0.00001101327,0.0004675834,0.006374178,0.7994194,0.02421019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002896663,0.0001335516,0.001544861,0.00001248616,0.000008417678,0.00003404894,0.03458472,3.575397e-7,0.00002266913,0.007170494,0.956136,0.00006268008],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.669583,0.04477862,0.0001209232,0.08140714,0.002444556,0.0004928786,0.00001395413,0.0000205141,0.2011384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98998,0.000464902,0.001048053,0.0001589563,0.001195898,0.000002402852,1.982192e-7,0.000007532669,0.007142075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.455884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2192769445","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2015.1096589","title":"Settler colonialism in Canada and the Métis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Colonialism; Genocide; Indigenous; Narrative; Politics; Ethnic Cleansing; Political science; State (computer science); Ethnology; Metis; Gender studies; History; Sociology; Law; Ecology; Art","authors":[{"name":"Tricia Logan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0771571049644162,"gpt":0.3543640853272431,"spread":0.2772069803628269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007750116,0.00002313397,0.0001062881,0.0002762954,0.0004069262,0.000177535,0.0002319389,0.00002982961,0.0001127796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001098125,0.00001945648,0.00002098169,0.0003155895,0.000693266,0.00009978486,0.00003506597,0.0003910101,0.000006394714],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0035945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02069801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9996902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979038,0.0007148446,0.0001603191,0.00004465763,0.0009203516,0.0002559967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989365,0.0003334203,0.00005764688,0.00005774066,0.0003530417,0.0002616276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002322903,0.000008323933,0.007807241,0.0000089837,0.00002725652,0.0006753542,0.06067625,0.00002074925,0.0000148861,0.02199581,0.8910205,0.01751234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006536763,0.00001653011,0.008979208,0.000009882473,0.000002577117,0.00001829877,0.0104332,0.000002504048,9.863425e-7,0.007387824,0.9724666,0.00002867947],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.842373,0.01001026,0.000003685412,0.1126389,0.0007345551,0.0002127337,0.00000685825,0.00000168221,0.03401837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926577,0.001273288,0.00004878151,0.0002304429,0.0003649244,0.000001707628,9.3587e-8,0.000004021542,0.00541903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1502847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9848537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2189908202","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2015.1096583","title":"Canada's history wars: indigenous genocide and public memory in the United States, Australia and Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Cambodian History and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Redress; Indigenous; Political science; Law; Criminology; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"David B. MacDonald","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1961660169955873,"gpt":0.3643687674937441,"spread":0.1682027504981568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008760642,0.00009842499,0.0002126705,0.0002359471,0.0005465055,0.00009269426,0.0004862535,0.00009795343,0.00006394195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008676602,0.00007967136,0.00003099614,0.0004423203,0.0005968675,0.0001941268,0.00005626776,0.0009784562,7.542787e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008369092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03168815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9995567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997928,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954555,0.001557156,0.0003434569,0.0001414596,0.001854118,0.0006483152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977432,0.0005470215,0.0001529028,0.0001481816,0.0007485794,0.0006601387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004828669,0.00002110026,0.01593513,0.00003030304,0.0000526622,0.001217958,0.1705769,0.00002991619,0.000028298,0.0006812857,0.8091833,0.002194863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003364997,0.00006307324,0.01024879,0.00001151782,0.00000680777,0.00006046199,0.09931764,0.00000225822,0.000002241329,0.0006322054,0.8892223,0.00009624915],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846464,0.006008906,0.000002624938,0.007511608,0.0002872883,0.0001975923,0.00001203367,0.000002601348,0.001330991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944549,0.001376777,0.0001174417,0.001012126,0.0003174416,0.000004260274,0.000004967838,0.00001178309,0.002700331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08003898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128107010","doi":"10.1080/14623520701368594","title":"Darfur: the politics of genocide denial syndrome","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Politics; Terrorism; Law; Art history; Media studies; History; Political science; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Lippman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07286484995478999,"gpt":0.4430386616279478,"spread":0.3701738116731578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01620862,0.00009548601,0.0002806326,0.0003067192,0.0008500832,0.0001015964,0.001106081,0.0001707686,0.0001340486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001662436,0.00006932692,0.0002250731,0.0008122776,0.000993659,0.0002015204,0.0001455974,0.0009662315,0.00003227622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004383831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001202151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002766698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002903799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950634,0.0006819436,0.0006610599,0.0001167503,0.002566297,0.0009106076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964014,0.00109816,0.000295624,0.0002449349,0.001602254,0.0003575975],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008732768,0.0005183165,0.04137646,0.0002584063,0.001038063,0.005972836,0.1936061,0.0002596723,0.01749743,0.6093965,0.06162233,0.06758054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001647122,0.001479981,0.07930075,0.0002194914,0.0001289249,0.001336115,0.1407907,0.00003820397,0.001171237,0.334271,0.4391103,0.0005062399],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9678562,0.002265814,0.0007163599,0.005147727,0.0003578866,0.0002069096,0.000008992485,0.000007272374,0.02343287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949717,0.0008400737,0.001524796,0.0001149761,0.0007503458,5.009869e-7,6.85431e-7,0.00001279372,0.001784134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.377488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6538239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131296889","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2010.483057","title":"Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Politics; Crimes against humanity; Terrorism; Islam; The Holocaust; Law; Nazism; Sociology; Criminology; State (computer science); Order (exchange); Religious studies; Ideology; Political science; War crime; Theology; Philosophy; International law","authors":[{"name":"Adam Jones","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04928117256704782,"gpt":0.4170305393495666,"spread":0.3677493667825187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01695516,0.00009487542,0.0002078473,0.0001669253,0.001864021,0.0003182652,0.0006430328,0.0001994451,0.0001072583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002387847,0.00006432795,0.0001289938,0.0003773238,0.001100163,0.0002684312,0.0001152847,0.002325374,0.00003492559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001493229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005139293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002625866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01405599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958682,0.0009531963,0.0003345784,0.0001430123,0.002202005,0.000498999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967309,0.00118307,0.0001999994,0.000205957,0.00143565,0.0002444354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008886629,0.0001852215,0.004708985,0.00005712362,0.0002558764,0.0003163712,0.1303169,0.00005171925,0.003301798,0.7402697,0.01305549,0.1065921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005270308,0.0008932828,0.08872093,0.0002450235,0.0001136497,0.0001819911,0.1395682,0.0003853697,0.0003904927,0.4794325,0.2841879,0.0006103115],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9446088,0.0006305279,0.00005262772,0.01423709,0.0003572101,0.0002398238,0.000002924732,0.00001065564,0.03986035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99503,0.00200676,0.0007766922,0.0001571815,0.0007639143,0.000002837412,7.251614e-7,0.00001082619,0.001251041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2711324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075566800","doi":"10.1080/14623520701368669","title":"Rape as genocide: some questions arising","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Statute; Genocide; Law; Dignity; Self defense; Psychology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Chile Eboe-Osuji","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1153432350834246,"gpt":0.5113146134628537,"spread":0.395971378379429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01239443,0.00007823256,0.0001675718,0.0005857647,0.001422046,0.0002258791,0.0005839896,0.0001247171,0.001107815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008477457,0.00006588126,0.0001550307,0.000239014,0.0004441139,0.0005283037,0.00005614616,0.000832305,0.0003216424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006106279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001157632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001614108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001153872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961576,0.0004242155,0.0004847899,0.0001260952,0.00219244,0.0006148948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966407,0.0007912362,0.000198417,0.0001222873,0.001905119,0.0003422445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007071237,0.0000262577,0.0001305117,0.00000408858,0.0000473845,0.0003178507,0.004068273,0.000006844404,0.002346076,0.9851035,0.002374789,0.005503686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002532002,0.0001352169,0.004770083,0.00004885838,0.000008932479,0.00005913193,0.001079646,0.000001114318,0.00108411,0.7799281,0.2125432,0.00008842762],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7836881,0.001722501,0.001947161,0.005918963,0.0009501993,0.0002137901,0.000002243529,0.00002441995,0.2055326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9680555,0.0003009974,0.003110741,0.0001962802,0.003714707,9.908478e-7,8.282573e-7,0.00001527776,0.0246047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2101684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999840294","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2011.554091","title":"The Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen Trial 1945–1958. Atrocity, Law, and History","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"European history and politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nuremberg trials; Law; International law; Political science; Suicide prevention; Poison control; Criminology; Psychology; War crime; Medicine; Medical emergency","authors":[{"name":"Birga U. Meyer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2635728606032518,"gpt":0.4059674070585008,"spread":0.142394546455249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01116217,0.00007966017,0.0001797736,0.0001181537,0.001418509,0.0000762088,0.0007049163,0.00009432124,0.000390983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009617999,0.00006022018,0.0001269657,0.000131473,0.00170242,0.0002387415,0.0001151995,0.0008487118,0.0000751972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007352959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001033371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002039707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002251597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957795,0.002018904,0.0003957047,0.0001223975,0.001135436,0.0005480907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978206,0.0008129841,0.0002108466,0.0002085461,0.0005799609,0.0003670224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007372212,0.0001206687,0.0004923505,0.00002679601,0.0001407874,0.000310847,0.09999371,3.740423e-7,0.0004231455,0.6381908,0.2429338,0.009994528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00188577,0.0004139864,0.0004229195,0.0000138969,0.00001440577,0.00001986072,0.002429925,2.578144e-7,0.00004423512,0.01665448,0.9780281,0.00007222878],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09286325,0.01023315,0.00001635636,0.001219098,0.002520414,0.0003085732,0.000001890124,0.00001405499,0.8928232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9167479,0.006307045,0.001020038,0.0005504084,0.00532276,0.000005397229,3.815934e-7,0.00004597735,0.07000015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8238846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050405129","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2011.595589","title":"The Third Reich in the Ivory Tower: Complicity and Conflict on American Campuses","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"German History and Society","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Ivory tower; Complicity; Human factors and ergonomics; Suicide prevention; Occupational safety and health; Poison control; Injury prevention; Computer security; Psychology; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Political science; Medical emergency; Medicine; Computer science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Richard Menkis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2843603075099896,"gpt":0.3590705898548129,"spread":0.0747102823448233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003759858,0.00007123934,0.0001511287,0.00007851415,0.0009673046,0.0001293044,0.000422965,0.00002270711,0.0001487444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001395192,0.00003552591,0.00007842368,0.00006034938,0.001255998,0.00008698555,0.00004662824,0.000880665,0.00001532855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006753735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008501563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008728637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001555801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983567,0.0005477732,0.0002501351,0.00008229299,0.0005040711,0.0002590207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983867,0.000957941,0.0001334115,0.0001854739,0.0002757239,0.00006077738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004678854,0.0001531119,0.003811403,0.00002586333,0.000109375,0.0001306328,0.7225956,0.000001634839,0.000319699,0.1540299,0.1087467,0.009608168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002887385,0.0007766418,0.02666958,0.0000300786,0.000008860212,0.0000419435,0.09201652,0.000003462241,0.00008176897,0.006081314,0.8739087,0.00009240102],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9068142,0.001241972,0.000001801456,0.001261461,0.0001084877,0.000116981,0.000002470779,0.000003675272,0.09044891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955153,0.0008987514,0.00002676638,0.0005058567,0.0002871085,0.000003726279,1.768561e-7,0.000006735695,0.002755548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.765162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7439823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048376822","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2011.559116","title":"Donald Bloxham,<i>The Final Solution: A Genocide</i>(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; The Holocaust; Nazism; Empire; Modernity; History; Religious studies; Theology; Art history; Sociology; Law; Ancient history; German; Philosophy; Political science; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Jürgen Matthäus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Shaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Omer Bartov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Doris L. Bergen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald Bloxham","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2315188884359893,"gpt":0.2884011734162491,"spread":0.0568822849802598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001537919,0.0001508056,0.0002716152,0.000178055,0.0009941871,0.0001028507,0.0008309978,0.00008557339,0.001733237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001152508,0.0001025953,0.0002754031,0.0001335878,0.0008345471,0.0004008025,0.0001899926,0.001088328,0.00003763781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002733006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003762654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001057581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003284762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974051,0.0004025089,0.0004601435,0.0001728803,0.0009285228,0.000630817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979655,0.0002781044,0.0001928835,0.0002643352,0.0009708148,0.0003283936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008402632,0.0001907103,0.0002703757,0.00006450008,0.0002419042,0.0007454506,0.01298662,0.000005341724,0.00006372816,0.7905414,0.1824655,0.01158416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004019408,0.0004414667,0.0004248256,0.00002725003,0.00003594223,0.00006775057,0.001708777,0.00006771984,0.00001773785,0.02153644,0.9751409,0.0001292585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02398164,0.005296797,0.002218802,0.008039046,0.001116634,0.0004461281,0.0001334256,0.00004766922,0.9587198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6944936,0.002155625,0.00203911,0.0006596295,0.004257567,0.000005213849,0.000009344363,0.00005718849,0.2963227],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7926754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403745100","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2024.2411879","title":"Perpetrators as Victims? Inclusivity and Proximity in Post-Genocide Cambodia and Rwanda","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Cambodian History and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; British Academy","keywords":"Genocide; Criminology; Human factors and ergonomics; Poison control; Psychology; Suicide prevention; Computer security; Medical emergency; Political science; Medicine; Computer science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Timothy Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erin Jessee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03844085924657094,"gpt":0.4092744265806316,"spread":0.3708335673340607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0106748,0.0001159361,0.0002745941,0.0004246554,0.0009150723,0.0003388453,0.0002436767,0.000208642,0.0002060386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001316916,0.0001043226,0.0001109599,0.0007101034,0.0008930906,0.0006985517,0.0001581585,0.001390256,0.0000175842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008541241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00231486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002713624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004615141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967549,0.0009801834,0.0003627474,0.0002514863,0.001136071,0.0005146491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998073,0.0008004952,0.0000732038,0.000114376,0.0005032755,0.0004356257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005314007,0.0001541238,0.0736644,0.0006255767,0.0003236906,0.004118655,0.6670183,0.000007438493,0.01507529,0.0387178,0.01862357,0.1811398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00158878,0.001193142,0.1591674,0.0005881119,0.00008187153,0.0006233524,0.1252559,0.00005701125,0.0005439024,0.07718104,0.6329687,0.0007507813],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674712,0.01253043,0.00001839143,0.004854858,0.0002704498,0.0002427167,0.000008561236,0.00001577296,0.01458761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925563,0.00485721,0.0004040183,0.0001276859,0.0004775709,0.000004304574,5.400381e-7,0.0000160604,0.001556317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6143451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7038089,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415065502","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2025.2571258","title":"From New York to Moscow and Kyiv: The Wartime Social Life of the Death Toll for Babyn Yar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Soviet and Russian History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum","keywords":"Toll; Death toll; Social life; Poison control; Suicide prevention; Human factors and ergonomics","authors":[{"name":"Karel C. Berkhoff","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1548365188635442,"gpt":0.4379943197688259,"spread":0.2831578009052816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003178813,0.00006131543,0.0001985829,0.0001105836,0.001075995,0.00007229955,0.0006692574,0.00009530115,0.0001091465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001278681,0.00003477313,0.0001572238,0.0004063477,0.000317092,0.0000640845,0.0001100348,0.000365792,0.000005317639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001742314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002142441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00353853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000641391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980254,0.0004952265,0.0002890115,0.0001051834,0.0007816678,0.0003034639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983883,0.0008865147,0.0001286836,0.0001370301,0.0002810395,0.0001784505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004341421,0.0000387084,0.006247072,0.00002531078,0.0001950721,0.000003879341,0.07723233,0.000007479612,0.002386744,0.02295222,0.8553241,0.03515296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007949433,0.0001531005,0.07467755,0.0001124495,0.00006627435,9.529213e-7,0.02086257,0.000007209575,0.0006441882,0.08751278,0.8150685,0.00009946764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6663364,0.01712228,0.001124053,0.2540731,0.001931665,0.001524879,0.00003150567,0.00001500959,0.0578411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718108,0.0002895819,0.00214026,0.0008589021,0.003120805,0.000009237678,2.796675e-7,0.0000144086,0.02175573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3054743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8275795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901187037","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2018.1527080","title":"Talking Past Each Other: Language and Post-World War II Killings in Slovenia","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Balkans: History, Politics, Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Communism; Genocide; Ideology; World War II; Spanish Civil War; Narrative; Politics; War crime; Independence (probability theory); Sociology; Law; History; Political science; Literature","authors":[{"name":"Gregor Kranjc","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04784720098260144,"gpt":0.3978262224849071,"spread":0.3499790215023057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007853531,0.0001062548,0.000259383,0.000450113,0.0009558675,0.00007924838,0.0004953915,0.0001379872,0.0003311277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001165096,0.0001002263,0.000109222,0.0005133384,0.001307409,0.0002762347,0.0001448001,0.0009748918,0.00003764166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009974038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006414843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0101778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967145,0.0006507597,0.0004275223,0.0001892244,0.001241358,0.0007766702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979891,0.0004602707,0.0001917527,0.0001727787,0.0008637256,0.000322356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001243577,0.0001338449,0.0290733,0.00006059288,0.0000883119,0.0001943173,0.8941935,0.000002018036,0.03678223,0.00294588,0.02429332,0.01210829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001810141,0.001005764,0.05972544,0.000418972,0.00003280549,0.00007188942,0.2356486,0.00003285,0.002200979,0.006723892,0.6918138,0.0005148495],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682107,0.004284551,0.00002468859,0.004075401,0.000298306,0.000164871,0.000005588233,0.00001308828,0.02292281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902387,0.0003342727,0.001798329,0.000351741,0.002384829,0.000001900034,3.936263e-7,0.00002686065,0.004863036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6675205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765172251","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2017.1363476","title":"Genocide and Global and/or World History: Reflections","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Neologism; Poison control; World history; Psychology; Criminology; Political science; Law; Medicine; Medical emergency; Linguistics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed Adhikari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cathie Carmichael","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shruti Kapila","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norman M. Naimark","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Weitz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.369880493624706,"gpt":0.424961491735222,"spread":0.05508099811051592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008416016,0.0000939789,0.0002310044,0.0001561396,0.001168421,0.0002980582,0.000295841,0.00004137921,0.0007086891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003680368,0.00006604351,0.00007021461,0.00002945346,0.00097843,0.0003722721,0.0001427366,0.0004841892,0.00002113404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005629734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002947666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001068051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004900706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998681,0.0001207321,0.0003007448,0.0001343969,0.0004353781,0.0003277129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987082,0.0001563926,0.0001599258,0.0002147475,0.0004277238,0.0003330267],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003700108,0.00005034656,0.001284046,0.00006883343,0.0001172099,0.0003927315,0.004995043,2.842562e-7,0.0001383582,0.8796386,0.07497522,0.0379693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002967689,0.0002899251,0.002537374,0.00003173465,0.00001602429,0.00008023711,0.0005128194,0.00001379094,0.000002099785,0.0583414,0.9377936,0.00008421433],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05872166,0.01227592,0.000195057,0.01488656,0.001591567,0.0002160118,0.00004050723,0.00002547579,0.9120473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8125505,0.0006629794,0.0009531091,0.000281052,0.001976738,0.000004098409,7.549575e-7,0.00001759249,0.1835532],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8628184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8986664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048305987","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2011.637456","title":"Human Killing Machines: Systematic Indoctrination in Iran, Nazi Germany, al-Qaeda, and Abu Ghraib","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Langara College","funders":"","keywords":"Indoctrination; Al qaeda; Nazism; Psychology; Computer security; Political science; Computer science; Law; Terrorism","authors":[{"name":"Peter G. Prontzos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1767874877466302,"gpt":0.4507222370324475,"spread":0.2739347492858172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007664093,0.0001199297,0.0003804382,0.0006292449,0.0004207943,0.0001214104,0.0005160694,0.0001326521,0.0001251879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000647691,0.00009862748,0.00009069661,0.0004435222,0.000326836,0.0004700546,0.00007352528,0.0008022995,0.00002540192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003067058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001795866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002947779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00108834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995851,0.001302767,0.0007688166,0.0001780603,0.001275924,0.0006234306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983702,0.0004527864,0.0002566517,0.000165866,0.0004544227,0.000300115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002132284,0.0004260708,0.1015346,0.005269786,0.0001915882,0.001201557,0.8610246,0.000005705653,0.00417835,0.01154625,0.001429712,0.01297863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003093008,0.001473599,0.3062468,0.01244213,0.0001120641,0.000298931,0.611035,0.0004671041,0.0004515888,0.06189974,0.001565349,0.0009147477],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928597,0.001637883,0.0001902041,0.0008154478,0.0002179916,0.0003480198,0.000001802335,0.00001107259,0.003917861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986013,0.0005446891,0.00009029568,0.0001046988,0.0002882987,0.000009552087,2.853563e-7,0.00001328568,0.0003475508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2499896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.445618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401516833","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2024.2388340","title":"Water People: Genocide, Children, and Nature in Canadian Residential Schools","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Cambodian History and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Mount Royal University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Genocide; Indigenous; Ambivalence; Sociology; Capitalism; Political science; Gender studies; Psychology; Social psychology; Ecology; Politics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Wanda June","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Woolford","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02023310333843632,"gpt":0.3716974383188777,"spread":0.3514643349804414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008835695,0.00009154472,0.0002045531,0.0007541977,0.0007521766,0.0004592773,0.0003774112,0.0003512381,0.000589271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000537794,0.00007423121,0.0001284304,0.0006865453,0.0002532601,0.0004618111,0.00006086765,0.002679985,0.0000745637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001446163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003430096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3062666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7416491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969085,0.0006640212,0.0003253672,0.0002056037,0.001044019,0.0008524881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986141,0.0001823708,0.00003037616,0.0001209473,0.0003536793,0.0006985615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001877019,0.00003835209,0.1380623,0.0001618349,0.0004389878,0.004174977,0.2685838,0.00002373308,0.00617661,0.02614739,0.5237997,0.03220461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007088843,0.0001655247,0.3726036,0.0002689997,0.00004004261,0.0003171648,0.01426035,0.000007113592,0.0004975836,0.0278814,0.5828409,0.0004083843],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9617584,0.01716152,0.000005468214,0.01425571,0.0006247355,0.000228555,0.00001234865,0.00001117936,0.00594212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924643,0.002994523,0.0001761488,0.0001259115,0.001276607,0.000002608271,0.000002632604,0.00001706355,0.002940196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4353824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986538557","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2011.637455","title":"Less than human: why we demean, enslave, and exterminate others by David Livingstone Smith","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Edwin Hodge","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2114699664101897,"gpt":0.4148684177574644,"spread":0.2033984513472747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005148698,0.00009756943,0.0002431386,0.0002088136,0.0006631947,0.0001162057,0.0004844473,0.0001308289,0.000431666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003684058,0.00008405334,0.00008520198,0.0001717455,0.000979029,0.0003905551,0.000119223,0.0006132161,0.00001873083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001515656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003149971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003591644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007282388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997565,0.0006184738,0.0003397944,0.0001676423,0.0006045192,0.0007045827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984933,0.0003727272,0.0001542173,0.0001402181,0.0003053388,0.0005342304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005124846,0.0006276703,0.0335925,0.000280369,0.0005117698,0.001039326,0.203077,4.473171e-7,0.01147349,0.2186457,0.1125894,0.4176498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00132129,0.001304073,0.02101234,0.0004064016,0.00005684856,0.000117632,0.05207147,0.000005863091,0.005131642,0.2221847,0.6958656,0.0005221335],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8373005,0.004970075,0.0002702048,0.006030038,0.0001625899,0.0002058583,0.000006908532,0.00001519718,0.1510386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886367,0.002679168,0.000596749,0.0002103075,0.0003456208,0.0000036319,1.661044e-7,0.00001696564,0.00751067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5832762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5429516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909084514","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2019.1562635","title":"A Scattergun Attack on Humanitarian Intervention","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Humanitarian intervention; Intervention (counseling); Humanitarian aid; Political science; Computer security; Psychology; Criminology; Medicine; Engineering ethics; Law; Engineering; Computer science; Psychiatry; Human rights","authors":[{"name":"Jennifer M. Welsh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.143606898180076,"gpt":0.4837958883688804,"spread":0.3401889901888044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00548345,0.00005879442,0.0001520532,0.0002876066,0.0002949107,0.000157337,0.0004897828,0.00009056261,0.0008035593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000363069,0.00005217827,0.0001740296,0.0003165716,0.0001316068,0.0002470608,0.0000618532,0.0006436849,0.0007859581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003979625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000223737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008386083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00217766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972367,0.0006533493,0.0002891715,0.0001080494,0.001324074,0.0003886086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987026,0.0001933969,0.0001379639,0.0001465654,0.0006617099,0.0001576959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001747941,0.001666558,0.07533555,0.0003576476,0.0006533015,0.0008405467,0.1265581,0.0007393013,0.005942749,0.340158,0.2669221,0.1790783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002207454,0.00321061,0.0391026,0.0006432047,0.00002735388,0.00004353145,0.05549451,0.0001294658,0.0001301849,0.05642708,0.8422171,0.0003668557],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9323708,0.0002809381,0.00003440964,0.004177373,0.0004035346,0.0001605341,0.000001654745,0.000006131465,0.06256464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937732,0.0002107152,0.0001389642,0.0001209863,0.0004427507,7.820079e-7,9.958361e-7,0.000007864966,0.005303785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5752951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992349595","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2019.1695318","title":"Violence Deconstructed: Political Scientists Discuss Pogroms","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"European history and politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Judaism; The Holocaust; Politics; Poison control; Suicide prevention; Human factors and ergonomics; Criminology; Injury prevention; Occupational safety and health; Political science; Medical emergency; Psychology; History; Medicine; Law; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Anna Shternshis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07503144044739689,"gpt":0.4324025772801694,"spread":0.3573711368327725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006145846,0.00007189251,0.0001834299,0.0003346264,0.0005372203,0.0001434332,0.0007410973,0.00007696315,0.001152821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001060048,0.00005869914,0.000121927,0.0004735125,0.001179061,0.0003029456,0.0001037153,0.0007200529,0.0007400489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004688822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001276871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002662206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007355979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959258,0.001142936,0.0003603634,0.0001518571,0.001533362,0.0008857163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976598,0.0005416077,0.0001183013,0.0002103912,0.0008493279,0.0006205926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006441883,0.00006395486,0.05351795,0.00004485987,0.00003733316,0.0002540608,0.005188853,0.000004234562,0.002326892,0.9188855,0.004245163,0.01536676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009376055,0.000600531,0.03652163,0.0005851139,0.00002507836,0.0003532966,0.01833543,0.00000950078,0.001075353,0.1296094,0.8115655,0.0003816302],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8353185,0.0006064695,0.0000494751,0.001281568,0.0009255388,0.0001194311,0.000005295902,0.00000914999,0.1616846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991773,0.0002233709,0.0008215587,0.00009149662,0.0007711766,4.172922e-7,3.46817e-7,0.00001182749,0.006306798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8073203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414973587","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2025.2567372","title":"Genocidal Surveillant Assemblage in Palestine: A Socio-Legal Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Assemblage (archaeology); Poison control; Human factors and ergonomics; Occupational safety and health","authors":[{"name":"Mais Qandeel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Özgün E. Topak","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07265217668391707,"gpt":0.4440063150127738,"spread":0.3713541383288567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01239733,0.0001071277,0.000483363,0.001519842,0.0005111954,0.0001802526,0.0005465813,0.0001284968,0.00004814981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002107298,0.00009242913,0.0003038191,0.003572838,0.0003616926,0.0001876857,0.0001627477,0.0007584643,0.0000216321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004943695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001278367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005388277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04091048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956198,0.001514121,0.000593279,0.0001921992,0.00136415,0.0007164707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974123,0.0009891038,0.0001751388,0.0001629802,0.001082543,0.0001778869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001320436,0.00009659416,0.9086241,0.00003919933,0.001037933,0.0006173315,0.007966478,0.00005779025,0.00114837,0.01127013,0.002674536,0.06633547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001379964,0.0001956856,0.8504967,0.0001311323,0.0002195594,0.00001342454,0.08469357,0.00004209644,0.0001406829,0.01362811,0.04878218,0.0002768556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9291105,0.01212537,0.0008161497,0.004978213,0.0003779509,0.0002056543,0.000005181972,0.00001238513,0.05236855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912033,0.001452132,0.0004143406,0.00006389117,0.0003391852,0.000004615262,9.66575e-7,0.000006897792,0.006514668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07672709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9765904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385954019","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2023.2247760","title":"Professional Ethics, Medical Experts and the Famine of 1932-1933 in Soviet Ukraine","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Health and Conflict Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Famine; State (computer science); Industrialisation; Political science; Economic growth; Development economics; Sociology; Law; Criminology","authors":[{"name":"Oksana Vynnyk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4299183051365241,"gpt":0.6512272445998597,"spread":0.2213089394633356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03889008,0.00009273723,0.0004825282,0.0004558467,0.0007568136,0.000005297036,0.0003671998,0.0003221829,0.0009307105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01829465,0.00005073001,0.00007121575,0.0007712014,0.0006882995,0.00006028505,0.0005100365,0.00407239,0.00003480556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005898591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003500144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006224022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003446453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9919785,0.003675736,0.001197024,0.0001343495,0.002271218,0.0007432345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9846168,0.01347586,0.0002979937,0.0001825534,0.001081162,0.0003456064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004569821,0.0001894108,0.05926987,0.003115705,0.0002270283,0.0007273884,0.5094401,0.000004848816,0.001003709,0.008932228,0.3555048,0.05701513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01546866,0.0007453021,0.2231327,0.004466474,0.00001962218,0.00007711971,0.2193117,0.000418933,0.00008595574,0.007439278,0.5286025,0.0002318361],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4901234,0.008866754,0.00002303783,0.4940852,0.0007380587,0.0007805963,0.00000781906,0.00001167455,0.00536351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9566658,0.03001733,0.0001762009,0.005818733,0.001309641,0.0001215704,0.000003373137,0.00003028668,0.005857118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4882664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999826,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399741791","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2024.2365531","title":"Professional Women as Perpetrators: A Conversation with Valérie, “Rwanda’s Voice of Death”","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Conversation; Psychology; Medical emergency; Medicine; Communication","authors":[{"name":"Izabela Steflja","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06675619013547297,"gpt":0.414087180554204,"spread":0.3473309904187311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006302248,0.00008117488,0.0002058644,0.0004244962,0.0003459144,0.0001436977,0.0003120638,0.0001147998,0.0009793575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000547918,0.00005466809,0.00008059281,0.000713949,0.0003749458,0.0003773629,0.00004456634,0.0007093825,0.00006694863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003700877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005406667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004004296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001706232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962723,0.0005835573,0.0003379954,0.0001374111,0.002236438,0.0004322627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975609,0.0005211971,0.0001309865,0.0000981754,0.00139158,0.0002972321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002552967,0.0002967173,0.01755795,0.0008081602,0.0008921405,0.001192827,0.7607605,0.00002802511,0.01464191,0.1298532,0.01304143,0.05837408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001166682,0.001607095,0.0065476,0.001210896,0.0000395031,0.0001198617,0.1190034,0.00004852267,0.002923459,0.01682541,0.8502759,0.0002316257],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9450626,0.002160723,0.0001896109,0.005857914,0.0005606457,0.0002762725,0.000005973303,0.00001654033,0.04586972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824883,0.000322077,0.0002953586,0.00003129838,0.0007353114,0.000006197918,7.528284e-7,0.00001359388,0.01610714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8372345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407262607","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2025.2460874","title":"Uncomfortable Evidence: On the Challenge of Telling New Stories about Srebrenica","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Balkans: History, Politics, Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Human factors and ergonomics; Suicide prevention; Poison control; Psychology; Computer security; Medical emergency; Computer science; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Max Bergholz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2662006639500579,"gpt":0.4858324510962065,"spread":0.2196317871461486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01315737,0.000111218,0.000339801,0.0002426724,0.001053883,0.0001023733,0.001254865,0.0001797391,0.0003965537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005755324,0.00008143343,0.0002701637,0.000661654,0.001110685,0.0002471035,0.0001147252,0.001336801,0.00001913345],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001402978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005689698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00677442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001783286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953786,0.001048534,0.0006214497,0.000173597,0.002123712,0.0006541061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937,0.004030339,0.0003255633,0.0003988914,0.001305226,0.0002400412],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002564905,0.0001854522,0.003785022,0.0002345391,0.0004292181,0.00003168403,0.1881519,0.0002135789,0.001672435,0.3877969,0.4002554,0.01698746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004426768,0.0004970321,0.002204469,0.001305381,0.00006143617,0.000002310325,0.05924688,0.00001489767,0.001831338,0.09659006,0.8376186,0.0001849278],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1956639,0.1764845,0.001336152,0.1789255,0.004408488,0.001516394,0.00001170225,0.00006417894,0.4415891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9567258,0.02009374,0.0009729575,0.0003317412,0.001351694,0.000004800726,1.564625e-7,0.00001781733,0.02050125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7610619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400886634","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2024.2374609","title":"A Terminological History of the Acadian Tragedy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Saint-Boniface; Université de Moncton","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Cornell University","keywords":"Tragedy (event); Poison control; Psychology; Engineering; Art; Literature; Medicine; Medical emergency","authors":[{"name":"Richard Leblanc","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1654335982962979,"gpt":0.3990463286223958,"spread":0.2336127303260979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037871,0.00003397997,0.000116703,0.000680498,0.0003442251,0.0001191557,0.0005668353,0.0001022678,0.001393958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007031311,0.00002682544,0.0001928611,0.0004022657,0.001557924,0.0001466196,0.00003974625,0.0009043919,0.00004671235],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003752828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007774173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0420197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1228151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978998,0.000567462,0.0002353887,0.00007618109,0.0009593494,0.0002617896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991402,0.0002711994,0.0000651165,0.0001099658,0.0002394457,0.0001740467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002769013,0.00003059219,0.0002781132,0.00007667812,0.00006008721,0.0005540617,0.05326688,0.000002476451,0.003555104,0.03172863,0.7831233,0.1272964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004640208,0.00004504028,0.003137412,0.00005758586,0.000008267137,0.00002660741,0.001465531,0.000001424183,0.00001524589,0.003606682,0.9915604,0.00002940287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3545382,0.1221712,0.00004022396,0.03791697,0.006152587,0.0004170345,0.00001611646,0.00002877172,0.4787189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8665669,0.002264461,0.00008674849,0.00009067829,0.0009489012,0.000001882033,8.466507e-8,0.000009415749,0.1300309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5120287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412040216","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2025.2516278","title":"Genocide in Syria, Gaza, and Beyond: An interview with Yassin al-Haj Saleh","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Genocide; Computer security; Political science; Psychology; Criminology; Law; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Yassin al-Haj Saleh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wendy Pearlman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08963220516079207,"gpt":0.4355922461871269,"spread":0.3459600410263349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01049989,0.0001239926,0.000364589,0.000762487,0.000476373,0.0002754511,0.0005658562,0.000130479,0.0002466561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004561315,0.00009420149,0.00006943008,0.001047918,0.0005768471,0.0004377722,0.0001309898,0.0009409283,0.00001313263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002730316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001572682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001148936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009348742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995963,0.001556771,0.0004853112,0.0002293896,0.001151165,0.0006143727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981699,0.0003791157,0.0001565632,0.0002035306,0.0007459318,0.0003449565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001022229,0.0002445872,0.03596713,0.0002973356,0.0003214033,0.001336299,0.0674912,0.00002472083,0.006868514,0.04065309,0.0169826,0.8287909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002531237,0.0009516653,0.06432402,0.001063641,0.0000434762,0.00008698793,0.03475326,0.00003765229,0.0004988924,0.02520875,0.870162,0.0003384596],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7701655,0.02867173,0.001296177,0.05756007,0.0005181831,0.0007704168,0.000005449271,0.0000268948,0.1409856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679468,0.007930634,0.00461353,0.001508643,0.000612025,0.00001303625,0.000001778579,0.00003288186,0.01734068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8531793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5216817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250209492","doi":"10.1080/14623520903323835","title":"Book Reviews","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Genocide Research","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Medicine; Engineering; Computer science; Aeronautics","authors":[{"name":"Martin Shaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Swatek-Evenstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fiona de Londras","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Menkis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick Brantlinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dávid Simon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan J. Kuperman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2032193721769965,"gpt":0.4958314306864587,"spread":0.2926120585094622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01536054,0.0001270753,0.0004681632,0.0007924446,0.0001394006,0.0001043669,0.000760164,0.00008184113,0.003257935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001722096,0.00009368128,0.0002913402,0.0009306572,0.0001163578,0.0004679137,0.0000538043,0.001458679,0.01914302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004626603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003170643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000465635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000152118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951558,0.001212121,0.0009014367,0.0001528469,0.001871005,0.0007068335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972339,0.0002234228,0.0003966299,0.0004116876,0.001309814,0.0004245038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001373168,0.0000471813,0.00006228443,0.00001174445,0.00001877067,0.0002252782,0.0001845644,0.00000524094,0.05678985,0.0001282413,0.9126153,0.02977425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004688226,0.0006973853,0.002907493,0.0001522722,0.00001189305,0.000486801,0.00005248431,0.00000490489,0.003605882,0.003714624,0.9878047,0.00009279007],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01654285,0.8938323,0.0003146523,0.01371654,0.0002522171,0.0008988724,0.000003909038,0.00008143578,0.07435726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2794335,0.361137,0.08921495,0.02443005,0.02116938,0.00004377686,0.000008694009,0.002062708,0.2225],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5326952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}