{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":207,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":207,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"b3208cbccd2e","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer"}},"results":[{"id":"W1991911122","doi":"10.1115/1.1643752","title":"Laminar Forced Convection Heat Transfer in the Combined Entry Region of Non-Circular Ducts","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nusselt number; Laminar flow; Duct (anatomy); Mechanics; Forced convection; Reynolds number; Heat transfer; Flow conditioning; Physics; Anatomy; Turbulence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009934084446288238,"gpt":0.2052412092695277,"spread":0.1953071248232394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003771723,0.0002088036,0.0004109642,0.0002487579,0.00005006037,0.00002234752,0.0001871324,0.0001684003,0.00002117906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006076575,0.0001601725,0.0002364729,0.0004086948,0.00004955802,0.0003384806,0.000001288504,0.0004313618,0.000002150105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001186786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006424509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004593877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003587482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984424,0.00007949866,0.0007268238,0.0001177193,0.000361595,0.0002719537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995852,0.0000506809,0.000002787508,0.0001693224,0.0001108794,0.00008118911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005242254,0.0003972219,0.0007248454,0.000612238,0.0001697128,0.000263689,0.01104319,0.7424823,0.2424849,0.0007677063,0.0001183863,0.0004115755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03034208,0.003337216,0.02558091,0.001832542,0.0006325846,0.002350901,0.002211688,0.02372015,0.907312,0.0006501315,0.000971387,0.001058385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6748692,0.0003234219,0.3232715,0.0005725394,0.0002907048,0.0002612229,0.00000291249,0.00001939975,0.0003890872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984796,0.001142291,0.0001041117,0.0001186845,0.0001017613,0.000006767243,0.000005992021,0.00003726408,0.000003545613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7187622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6531645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065116833","doi":"10.1115/1.2754878","title":"An Experimental Study of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers With Continuous Helical Baffles","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Baffle; Pressure drop; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Materials science; Micro heat exchanger; Tube (container); Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01113750397224175,"gpt":0.244170998792337,"spread":0.2330334948200952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003273617,0.0001758494,0.0003854008,0.0001771465,0.00004121601,0.00002209519,0.000097804,0.00007888114,0.00005856841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001442905,0.0001352528,0.0000651233,0.0001369784,0.00004509688,0.0002646363,0.000002069693,0.000207736,5.709696e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003930022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001511344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002717369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007943867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987986,0.00003986329,0.0004949728,0.0001126148,0.0003213538,0.000232598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995575,0.00004038726,0.000003184627,0.00011014,0.00008112485,0.0002076475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002284431,0.003764947,0.01636664,0.0002176609,0.000549413,0.0004135388,0.03981506,0.1160625,0.8171483,0.0000729186,0.00008570511,0.003218897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01322465,0.01978157,0.020973,0.0002883457,0.0004043228,0.0008150142,0.02408888,0.007399545,0.9119853,0.00000561802,0.0002800747,0.0007536671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9377811,0.0007998155,0.06074723,0.0000280544,0.0001190897,0.0002152003,0.000003397532,0.0000326861,0.0002734245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999234,0.0001202043,0.0004614387,0.00003228011,0.0001086084,0.000002332096,0.000001448319,0.0000376098,0.000002090794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.108663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5515448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988420433","doi":"10.1115/1.1929787","title":"Effect of Buoyancy on Heat Transfer in Supercritical Water Flow in a Horizontal Round Tube","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Supercritical fluid; Buoyancy; Heat transfer; Natural convection; Mechanics; Supercritical flow; Work (physics); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Heat flux; Environmental science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006468312251806505,"gpt":0.2292965501006834,"spread":0.222828237848877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009210394,0.0004105176,0.001040693,0.0004997502,0.00002909432,0.00003147159,0.0002348724,0.0003125365,0.0004132751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002245102,0.0002923812,0.0004458283,0.0002401328,0.00009218468,0.0005049013,0.000004019063,0.001123659,0.00002738718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002424828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003740835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000535763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000275725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969018,0.0002546207,0.001259989,0.0002297637,0.0005616312,0.0007921901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990956,0.0003428298,5.91078e-8,0.0001895213,0.00006266312,0.0003093657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001410865,0.0006675978,0.002107623,0.000716298,0.00009474582,0.0004814797,0.002550417,0.007973156,0.9801178,0.0006625875,0.00005462191,0.003162836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006453957,0.003411296,0.001568824,0.0006409498,0.00009103166,0.0002741745,0.00006132857,0.00535909,0.9813645,0.00002866058,0.0003399823,0.0004061836],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881743,0.0007170549,0.008582649,0.0009002682,0.0003451376,0.0002933502,0.00002739355,0.00003333816,0.0009265143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991518,0.0002963538,0.00006472805,0.0001268786,0.0002675023,0.00001338523,0.000004825036,0.00007297657,0.000001524809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01097753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013147952","doi":"10.1115/1.1370507","title":"Clouds Over Soot Evaporation: Errors in Modeling Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Soot; Evaporation; Incandescence; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Combustion; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03666886282554415,"gpt":0.2927120405376691,"spread":0.2560431777121249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007279824,0.0001365616,0.0003805321,0.0001290984,0.00002975806,0.00001326838,0.0001714524,0.0001038278,0.0004609555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002781512,0.0001125567,0.0001530943,0.0001583694,0.00002824643,0.0001404247,0.000005160745,0.0003189296,0.000002016531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005230194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001064745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003316967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001028589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984595,0.00008590209,0.0008172398,0.0001036984,0.0003477808,0.0001858717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999531,0.00008506325,0.00002944045,0.000160492,0.0001147894,0.0000792093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007796663,0.006874767,0.01311409,0.001877881,0.0008696163,0.0008565005,0.03528583,0.4366014,0.3444785,0.1111147,0.0006829249,0.04044718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0131954,0.002099836,0.004484808,0.002354089,0.0004425857,0.0005142345,0.001313794,0.648088,0.02802311,0.2981451,0.0002470128,0.001092134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938745,0.00005495743,0.004909221,0.0002786925,0.0001041658,0.0001079331,0.000004836972,0.000006031949,0.0006596962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988091,0.0000788383,0.0009049366,0.00005538302,0.00007737979,0.000001222446,6.87374e-7,0.00002083177,0.00005160284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3164553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5047139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074952496","doi":"10.1115/1.4002599","title":"Cost and Entropy Generation Minimization of a Cross-Flow Plate Fin Heat Exchanger Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Pressure drop; Exergy; Mathematical optimization; Minification; Mathematics; Entropy (arrow of time); Multi-objective optimization; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0254479954610005,"gpt":0.2644767595327112,"spread":0.2390287640717107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001659813,0.0001728433,0.0002881169,0.0001980473,0.00006999203,0.00005486425,0.00006217982,0.0001660003,0.00007448017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001135026,0.0001604498,0.00009194965,0.0001493102,0.00005698956,0.0003594543,0.000003019745,0.0002793556,7.256093e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004590052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000465802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002019134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003366806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989008,0.00004158647,0.0005316959,0.0001216321,0.0002061423,0.0001981219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995017,0.00003197315,0.000007772989,0.0000901394,0.0002479859,0.0001204097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003987966,0.00006714939,0.0008733809,0.000064317,0.00006437645,0.00001117041,0.001742437,0.6374835,0.3525044,0.000004035479,0.00001061484,0.007134657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002006595,0.00009054463,0.006114085,0.00004306348,0.00007658669,0.0001310534,0.00002206479,0.869783,0.1215162,0.000005053705,0.00006786489,0.0001438652],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4756537,0.0002758954,0.5235125,0.00001663876,0.0003597847,0.0001402789,0.00002417373,0.00001088785,0.00000604269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8915572,0.0006556719,0.1073863,0.00002546999,0.0003133958,0.000004097855,0.00001191763,0.00004173723,0.000004143047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4161262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6542951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014995199","doi":"10.1115/1.2165203","title":"A Unit Cube-Based Model for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Porous Carbon Foam","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nusselt number; Porosity; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Pressure drop; Materials science; Cube (algebra); Porous medium; Unit cube; SPHERES; Mechanics; Convective heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Fluid dynamics; Void (composites); Geometry; Composite material; Reynolds number; Physics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0183323541825583,"gpt":0.2286225423077824,"spread":0.2102901881252241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004796748,0.0003436075,0.0006293263,0.0003679663,0.00004505212,0.00003425794,0.000176729,0.0002439488,0.00002686152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008582591,0.0003121043,0.0002189953,0.0001773031,0.0000516169,0.0002583481,0.000002066954,0.0005008808,0.000001104466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001204282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001472239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002403611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008172573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980302,0.00003988782,0.000836877,0.0001951689,0.0003384008,0.0005593959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993032,0.0001226827,0.000001706486,0.000167844,0.00009812368,0.0003064627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006423923,0.0002476366,0.0005994282,0.0005313214,0.0001315917,0.00007996952,0.003529559,0.8946316,0.09008163,0.000134381,0.0002721659,0.009118322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006280582,0.0003650091,0.000320227,0.0002345506,0.0001587969,0.0001131089,0.00006092084,0.9470168,0.04274814,0.000128144,0.002159507,0.0004141465],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7863175,0.00225858,0.2091868,0.001053755,0.0002920534,0.000385691,0.00004282938,0.00006143312,0.0004013317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965079,0.0007152728,0.00202995,0.0003007361,0.000296631,0.00002628385,0.000007161048,0.00009583573,0.00002021064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2101904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105294037","doi":"10.1115/1.1795238","title":"Modeling Thermal Contact Resistance: A Scale Analysis Approach","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal contact conductance; Curvature; Gaussian; Range (aeronautics); Contact resistance; Materials science; Gaussian curvature; Mechanics; Contact geometry; Contact mechanics; Thermal; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Mathematics; Thermal resistance; Physics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01102199622545798,"gpt":0.2164519311131113,"spread":0.2054299348876533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000156041,0.0001183837,0.0002820705,0.0002328295,0.00009101281,0.00003125373,0.00009551067,0.00006945017,0.00006856707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002959698,0.00009730686,0.0003561469,0.0003342393,0.00000956495,0.0003131162,0.000001401198,0.0002902845,0.000004526134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001270767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000333414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003243149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001321554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991027,0.00002087452,0.000410521,0.00008054017,0.0002205468,0.0001648116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996631,0.000017991,0.000005418184,0.0001078713,0.00011042,0.00009519505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004808017,0.00005557928,0.000429363,0.00001772618,0.0004176142,0.000007149135,0.001134862,0.9835265,0.01424023,0.00005748984,0.00003541471,0.00003001435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004604162,0.000269636,0.01230463,0.0003074157,0.003337977,0.0002348781,0.003732895,0.9465153,0.02490512,0.0004896272,0.002345348,0.0009530354],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5671877,0.0004916221,0.4303514,0.00005917911,0.0001377038,0.00002924843,0.000003242949,0.00002636346,0.001713498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973083,0.0002425008,0.002232994,0.00001837759,0.0001226593,0.000001786491,0.000001823585,0.00001974868,0.00005179757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4301206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3968059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978926070","doi":"10.1115/1.1370500","title":"Thermohydraulic Study of Laminar Swirl Flow Through a Circular Tube Fitted With Twisted Tapes","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nusselt number; Reynolds number; Prandtl number; Mechanics; Laminar flow; Pressure drop; Tube (container); Twist; Heat transfer; Composite material; Physics; Geometry; Turbulence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01464662842131267,"gpt":0.2128551944666384,"spread":0.1982085660453257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002953983,0.0003374441,0.0007197733,0.0002192529,0.00005321107,0.00002568234,0.0003147966,0.0001364193,0.0002005039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005730202,0.000259005,0.0001996472,0.0005680239,0.00004459058,0.0003466685,0.000004626416,0.000482563,0.000007288563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000818448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005531824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003316624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008465348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978024,0.0001157107,0.0008200018,0.0001851207,0.0006735688,0.0004032313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992648,0.00006479542,0.00001005361,0.0003192039,0.0001941664,0.0001469622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001021378,0.002483898,0.002035107,0.0005411245,0.002393332,0.003153308,0.02974437,0.2111682,0.7429414,0.0001317406,0.0001412834,0.004244839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.06060251,0.03309544,0.04483861,0.00316491,0.004485857,0.01176592,0.01644303,0.05892354,0.751874,0.000950201,0.009729901,0.004126105],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8613735,0.0005605245,0.1366118,0.0001228113,0.0001851135,0.0003958697,0.000006929162,0.0000804728,0.000662897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998648,0.0002345851,0.0008240894,0.00006307269,0.0001093256,0.00001074484,0.00000184752,0.00009894221,0.000009335891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1522447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113899553","doi":"10.1115/1.1370516","title":"Thermal Resistance Models for Non-Circular Moving Heat Sources on a Half Space","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Péclet number; Dimensionless quantity; Heat flux; Mechanics; Thermal resistance; Square root; Orientation (vector space); Square (algebra); Mathematics; Heat transfer; Mathematical analysis; Materials science; Geometry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0152599860574261,"gpt":0.2248598873243221,"spread":0.209599901266896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001736255,0.0001613822,0.0002494944,0.0001352956,0.0001552686,0.00004147663,0.0001124568,0.00008371325,0.00005306901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007835946,0.0001371764,0.0002563122,0.0001095533,0.00001617596,0.0004017649,0.000001643829,0.0002654925,0.000005856427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001012034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002653923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001901457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004774586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990522,0.00002175179,0.0003550696,0.0001048164,0.000221789,0.0002444083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995344,0.0001180569,0.000007260368,0.0001270129,0.0001147519,0.00009853464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002199796,0.00006304823,0.000218153,0.00006042614,0.0001214574,0.00002853891,0.00167587,0.9304665,0.06572817,0.0001556718,0.001138796,0.0001233675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005108931,0.0009422587,0.003978073,0.001653678,0.000468731,0.0004689789,0.003042824,0.7306128,0.127241,0.001537241,0.1236713,0.001274279],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6787335,0.0008611479,0.3171876,0.0005446784,0.0004130882,0.0001080058,0.000004700192,0.00003666887,0.00211058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979726,0.0004780435,0.0007529844,0.00006073811,0.0002965761,0.000006625394,8.349397e-7,0.00004371472,0.0003879009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3192391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.559389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169284555","doi":"10.1115/1.1924629","title":"Fluid Flow Around and Heat Transfer From an Infinite Circular Cylinder","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Prandtl number; Boundary layer; Heat transfer; Cylinder; Potential flow around a circular cylinder; Mechanics; Drag; Reynolds number; Film temperature; Integral equation; Drag coefficient; Physics; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Nusselt number; Geometry; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01008923643972252,"gpt":0.2148585197229813,"spread":0.2047692832832588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001730064,0.0002063188,0.000376224,0.0002117774,0.0000696157,0.0001106783,0.0001182162,0.0001376893,0.000158222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003323388,0.0001826685,0.0002173561,0.0001747647,0.00003620891,0.000498632,0.000002478137,0.0003102575,0.000006937221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006883746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004349269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007018039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001377888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987887,0.00003207782,0.0005327382,0.0001442084,0.0002925269,0.0002097669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994865,0.00002646098,0.00000190783,0.0001659597,0.00008108268,0.0002380965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006070872,0.00008424907,0.0004583093,0.00003319048,0.00037741,0.00006863069,0.001269262,0.8334655,0.163207,0.0003283201,0.0000193215,0.00062807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005474344,0.0004295899,0.00850465,0.0001553313,0.0005976759,0.0002118401,0.0003549692,0.9552636,0.02536426,0.001282836,0.001689468,0.0006714857],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6376969,0.0009994238,0.3606046,0.0003569096,0.0001507508,0.00004645207,0.00002319646,0.00002495541,0.0000968239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974786,0.001019698,0.0008628022,0.0003527997,0.0002215314,0.000001456105,0.00001851325,0.00004171152,0.000002873097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3597817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7449003,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008581069","doi":"10.1115/1.2716419","title":"Pressure-Based Finite-Volume Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Finite volume method; Compressibility; Polygon mesh; Finite element method; Multigrid method; Computer science; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Volume (thermodynamics); Pressure-correction method; Incompressible flow; Component (thermodynamics); Computational science; Flow (mathematics); Compressible flow; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Mechanics; Partial differential equation; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00873142607679036,"gpt":0.2690989525978308,"spread":0.2603675265210404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001012673,0.0001615528,0.0002913064,0.000374233,0.00003146566,0.00003080131,0.0001605859,0.00009902482,0.0000463819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003492144,0.0001612666,0.0001635635,0.0003033502,0.0000291573,0.0001333644,0.000005281305,0.0003668794,0.000003045572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001695999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007603246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006973085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008135648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985622,0.00005086235,0.0007299662,0.00009898181,0.0003116581,0.0002462883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989557,0.0006781069,0.00001065057,0.00007971895,0.0001656014,0.0001101994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000544151,0.00006400816,0.001466466,0.00004854171,0.00005083377,0.00004281376,0.00006787445,0.9908586,0.00124624,0.002186579,0.00002843968,0.003885163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008884327,0.00007534528,0.01876526,0.00005101374,0.00002962718,0.00002845059,0.00001696687,0.9782836,0.0001103066,0.001034327,0.0005585311,0.000158112],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1673228,0.0003846431,0.8313097,0.0002172159,0.0004234837,0.00007101717,0.00002343091,0.00002580794,0.0002219796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9210692,0.0000190263,0.07867395,0.00008649199,0.00007973587,8.575206e-7,0.00002225421,0.0000320612,0.00001640026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7537464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6576259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980547401","doi":"10.1115/1.4002807","title":"Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Laminar Gas-Liquid Segmented Plug Flows","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Enterprise Ireland","keywords":"Laminar flow; Plug flow; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Laminar flow reactor; Dimensionless quantity; Thermodynamics; Isothermal process; Isothermal flow; Materials science; Tube (container); Flow (mathematics); Spark plug; Heat transfer enhancement; Open-channel flow; Heat transfer coefficient; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03423438393834811,"gpt":0.235663618518653,"spread":0.2014292345803049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004357398,0.0004324705,0.0007199135,0.000260022,0.0001486317,0.00002736683,0.0002551783,0.0001604733,0.0005482645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000432674,0.000362804,0.000431042,0.0002459172,0.00006865198,0.0003522149,0.000006589808,0.0005323711,0.00001817088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001758918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006648748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004214971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005370737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975353,0.00007187035,0.001019971,0.0002186613,0.0005170994,0.000637031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993246,0.00004388108,0.000001719261,0.0002171985,0.0001691958,0.0002433714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007005346,0.0003557698,0.0001791962,0.0003831573,0.0007881377,0.0002335118,0.007869561,0.003116307,0.9852024,0.00005761498,0.0001946531,0.0009191871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002475554,0.001374581,0.0002419466,0.0005417925,0.0004423666,0.000277391,0.0004222246,0.003919962,0.9877715,0.00002284126,0.00194726,0.0005626449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8121786,0.001891515,0.1831887,0.0001009731,0.0009663517,0.0002113995,0.00001736236,0.00008247845,0.001362652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965358,0.001894479,0.001069787,0.0001162696,0.0002765178,0.000008251228,0.000002399007,0.00008398616,0.00001255746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1843572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015881629","doi":"10.1115/1.4024837","title":"Isoflux Nusselt Number and Slip Length Formulae for Superhydrophobic Microchannels","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Nusselt number; Slip (aerodynamics); Mechanics; Laminar flow; Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Heat flux; Materials science; Slip ratio; Adiabatic process; Thermodynamics; Physics; Shear stress; Reynolds number; Composite material; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01482188109681395,"gpt":0.2389964134553822,"spread":0.2241745323585683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004655643,0.0001854017,0.000376911,0.00007738444,0.0001559277,0.0001311261,0.0002078187,0.0001130205,0.002051054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002766907,0.0001388603,0.000176574,0.00008550126,0.00008864531,0.0005993414,0.00001128214,0.0001539567,0.0001870683],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004359654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006459907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000809662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006129385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985708,0.00006428208,0.0005718832,0.0002037053,0.0002548413,0.0003345112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991474,0.0001434008,0.00001907768,0.0001647596,0.0003117205,0.000213656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007761693,0.00009064459,0.0004254041,0.00004268392,0.00001582322,0.000003015455,0.001063452,0.00004824351,0.9961609,0.0001287525,0.001679914,0.0002635316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002045911,0.0002775081,0.001899377,0.00004941356,0.0000546865,0.0003353552,0.0004587804,0.0008026069,0.9876453,0.0008799331,0.005279212,0.0002719211],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855604,0.0003329316,0.01159013,0.001476565,0.0004476578,0.0003796476,0.00002011519,0.00002087697,0.0001716487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972965,0.0001465725,0.001662424,0.0004937268,0.0001545494,0.00001953549,0.000001738108,0.00002691591,0.0001980661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01173604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130664361","doi":"10.1115/1.2241747","title":"Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Power-Law Fluids Across Circular Cylinders: Analytical Study","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Power-law fluid; Prandtl number; Heat transfer; Boundary layer; Mechanics; Drag; Dilatant; Physics; Thermodynamics; Churchill–Bernstein equation; Film temperature; Turbulent Prandtl number; Reynolds number; Nusselt number; Classical mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009145966850765526,"gpt":0.237075373371666,"spread":0.2279294065209005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005294201,0.0002583769,0.0005795938,0.0002450238,0.00008039039,0.0001330626,0.0001444513,0.0001446392,0.000109888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004412871,0.0002295857,0.0002752113,0.0003816343,0.00006764867,0.000340219,0.000005735857,0.0004079131,0.000004057684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001020025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002599459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001286795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007521537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998022,0.00007090385,0.0009060757,0.0001991016,0.0004294221,0.0003724741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995184,0.00004523125,0.000002038576,0.0001802946,0.00009174481,0.000162284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000318695,0.001356781,0.01928883,0.0001458827,0.000896381,0.0007911074,0.004253868,0.8535825,0.1161891,0.002522897,0.0002680229,0.0003858838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005529671,0.0006400848,0.02636275,0.00008099798,0.0003058131,0.0001765428,0.001240588,0.9596604,0.00486907,0.0001177003,0.000469807,0.0005466574],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.851577,0.0008687016,0.1465881,0.0002522772,0.0001350465,0.0001473195,0.0000158364,0.00002668946,0.0003890146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994887,0.0001164641,0.0001294738,0.0001128802,0.00009444187,0.000003010103,0.000004963449,0.00004150946,0.000008553463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1479117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9362234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011742568","doi":"10.1115/1.1532011","title":"The Effect of Dissolving Salts in Water Sprays Used for Quenching a Hot Surface: Part 2—Spray Cooling","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nucleate boiling; Boiling; Heat flux; Quenching (fluorescence); Critical heat flux; Dissolution; Heat transfer; Surface roughness; Materials science; Chemistry; Nucleation; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006608287523138366,"gpt":0.2184840215306209,"spread":0.2118757340074825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001767808,0.0002144252,0.0004918537,0.000103278,0.0001047047,0.00004874686,0.0001605155,0.0001093364,0.00002188919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003260987,0.0001249094,0.0002779152,0.00010912,0.00003529987,0.0001820454,0.000002456256,0.0004106547,0.00000119167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007633206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002856455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001183493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001430767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982963,0.0001184405,0.0007740424,0.0001100795,0.000245863,0.0004553092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991475,0.0005450348,0.000006484342,0.0001459526,0.00006230352,0.00009276982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004938697,0.00004191525,0.004909365,0.0005261216,0.000188289,0.00002964773,0.001704349,0.3022927,0.6887244,0.0007945449,0.0000941409,0.0002006642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006087285,0.001115914,0.001313774,0.0008577519,0.0001908552,0.0001008341,0.0001010451,0.03768806,0.9479775,0.0001661469,0.003944827,0.000456008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.968622,0.001277259,0.02887194,0.000119019,0.0006471185,0.000330038,0.000008402502,0.00001613966,0.0001081158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992334,0.000367164,0.0002519017,0.00001119142,0.00006336985,0.00001013363,0.000001556817,0.00005277662,0.000008556077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2646046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5093659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002783606","doi":"10.1115/1.1376394","title":"The Effect of Dissolving Gases or Solids in Water Droplets Boiling on a Hot Surface","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Boiling; Carbon dioxide; Dissolution; Leidenfrost effect; Chemistry; Sodium carbonate; Chemical engineering; Bubble; Drop (telecommunication); Nucleate boiling; Heat transfer; Sodium; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007455688958371505,"gpt":0.2233046305765247,"spread":0.2158489416181532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006136929,0.0001924923,0.0004043146,0.0001123961,0.00006855839,0.00003488735,0.0001731792,0.00008175098,0.00005853143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001242094,0.00009454705,0.0001939564,0.0001277862,0.00003647738,0.0001203333,0.000003930228,0.0004013788,0.000003931377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006560153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001599533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002583438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002008414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986144,0.00006948374,0.0005763878,0.00009009113,0.0002753958,0.000374212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993933,0.0003435421,0.000003366735,0.0001402297,0.00003818077,0.0000813603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002876736,0.00009931935,0.008687568,0.0003259206,0.0001809802,0.0004831465,0.001562318,0.5229304,0.4609873,0.00009452926,0.0001336763,0.001638133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010054,0.006450615,0.01903755,0.002452281,0.0002842433,0.0008757635,0.0002493633,0.2181315,0.7380504,0.00008973112,0.003424397,0.0009001141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951099,0.0007711427,0.003192296,0.0002183421,0.0003219957,0.0001400805,0.00000347664,0.00001698483,0.0002257932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978668,0.001941674,0.00002936656,0.00002087606,0.00007337381,0.000002080689,8.529322e-7,0.00003977382,0.00002518516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3047989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3855517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3151598107","doi":"10.1115/1.4050719","title":"The Past and Future of the Monte Carlo Method in Thermal Radiation Transfer","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Variance reduction; Monte Carlo method; Radiative transfer; Computer science; Thermal radiation; Probabilistic logic; Statistical physics; Energy transfer; Fidelity; Physics; Engineering physics; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007248193293792719,"gpt":0.2227167767515978,"spread":0.2154685834578051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004298035,0.0001597005,0.0003352074,0.00006267321,0.00009399895,0.00002323751,0.0001465821,0.00008204697,0.00001132225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007393829,0.00009054537,0.0001946976,0.0002713144,0.00006417854,0.0001481375,0.000004288796,0.0004465281,2.22232e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005033182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004616525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001112356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002134258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987016,0.0002289517,0.0005055167,0.00009201953,0.0002672604,0.0002046132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994761,0.0002232462,0.000004254659,0.0001428418,0.0001040383,0.00004950303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007575732,0.0003421074,0.1000138,0.0009889015,0.002619784,0.0002289751,0.06696068,0.1668838,0.3884245,0.004041899,0.001129265,0.2676088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003700095,0.0001612027,0.8436466,0.0001942781,0.0002853393,0.0002268758,0.002768691,0.002780578,0.1249306,0.0001122334,0.02085693,0.0003365845],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953687,0.03545584,0.004791948,0.004765451,0.0006967073,0.0001592504,0.00001589348,0.000009524437,0.0004184622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911679,0.008314156,0.0001244892,0.00006142836,0.0002944194,0.000005152887,1.677263e-7,0.00002437988,0.000007911125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7436328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3692333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001133247","doi":"10.1115/1.1737774","title":"Analytical Solution for Fully Developed Mixed Convection Between Parallel Vertical Plates With Heat and Mass Transfer","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Grashof number; Reynolds number; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Combined forced and natural convection; Thermodynamics; Natural convection; Convective heat transfer; Mass transfer; Convection; Schmidt number; Heat flux; Buoyancy; Heat transfer; Materials science; Physics; Nusselt number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02017685120778425,"gpt":0.2277310344853856,"spread":0.2075541832776014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002712782,0.0002891177,0.0005708519,0.0001977104,0.0001135447,0.00005053766,0.0000980305,0.0002382271,0.00002987435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006096506,0.0002247965,0.0001873576,0.0001759843,0.00009710534,0.000346912,0.00000168702,0.0003899698,0.000003710528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001411712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001138729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000113744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004377225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983764,0.00002771474,0.000642262,0.0001898372,0.0003139191,0.0004498766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993484,0.0001070416,0.000001539041,0.00009308846,0.000158916,0.0002909928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01027947,0.000707758,0.02302927,0.002258671,0.003991216,0.0004239667,0.003978027,0.1092408,0.8252918,0.01170819,0.0007973597,0.008293521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07429334,0.01166215,0.1136538,0.001851239,0.005027097,0.002466492,0.0003986784,0.05406495,0.7201498,0.003037235,0.009880061,0.003515102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4858083,0.0003793339,0.5127651,0.0006522634,0.0001232885,0.0001888979,0.00001222726,0.00003667111,0.00003387294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959836,0.000398785,0.00322438,0.0000627319,0.0002445762,0.00001326358,0.000009366328,0.00005737062,0.00000594344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5101753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9166937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116336700","doi":"10.1115/1.2151198","title":"Comparison of Methods for Inverse Design of Radiant Enclosures","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Singular value decomposition; Regularization (linguistics); Inverse problem; Simulated annealing; Inverse; Applied mathematics; Monte Carlo method; Conjugate gradient method; Benchmark (surveying); Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Algorithm; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2676696110656251,"gpt":0.4940112109837174,"spread":0.2263415999180923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003484625,0.0001560099,0.0009598235,0.0001946372,0.00003120334,0.000006230555,0.0002771082,0.0001230102,0.0001389984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008747821,0.0001195354,0.0003919264,0.0001689229,0.0001313869,0.0001382049,0.000009176134,0.000267677,9.167509e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005561136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001048388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005117908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001844306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973215,0.0006548847,0.001444472,0.0001061242,0.0002587204,0.0002142767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956285,0.003607606,0.000133456,0.0001950208,0.0003116944,0.0001237637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001813288,0.002045843,0.0008817277,0.001593622,0.0009305743,0.000004524763,0.008651544,0.0125333,0.8345215,0.02525008,0.00947019,0.1023038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002312104,0.001447534,0.00003237501,0.0002956106,0.0004931628,0.00004482292,0.000395105,0.01684319,0.8868245,0.08345618,0.007656986,0.0001984316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01581078,0.0007571121,0.982235,0.0004367353,0.0002301725,0.0003629288,0.000007188078,0.000007511489,0.0001526217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1135526,0.0001008508,0.8861411,0.00005668657,0.0001004997,0.000005847379,1.367305e-7,0.00002600871,0.00001634054],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1021054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4874512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026246025","doi":"10.1115/1.2039114","title":"Predicting Thermal Contact Resistance Between Molten Metal Droplets and a Solid Surface","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Thermal contact conductance; Composite material; Brass; Thermal conduction; Contact resistance; Surface roughness; Thermal resistance; Surface finish; Contact area; Substrate (aquarium); Interfacial thermal resistance; Wetting; Aluminium; Thermal; Contact angle; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics; Copper","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01073045060363226,"gpt":0.2322517577781762,"spread":0.221521307174544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002228869,0.0001420913,0.0002884928,0.00006874573,0.0001121858,0.00003445684,0.00008077464,0.00007426043,0.00008602527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001045661,0.0001200919,0.0001222927,0.00007800122,0.00001862427,0.000519992,0.000003352899,0.0003528612,0.00000581219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007011712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002311138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001235591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000852365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990104,0.00004010181,0.0004540424,0.00008715803,0.000205878,0.000202457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995679,0.0001284553,0.0000125708,0.00008132438,0.00008351437,0.0001262385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003277639,0.0001665428,0.1527206,0.0002003543,0.00148514,0.0001025707,0.009360839,0.2357868,0.595084,0.0001190835,0.002428731,0.002217663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00707639,0.0009995813,0.5609149,0.001142262,0.001444014,0.001002721,0.002298603,0.05834139,0.2687992,0.0001376359,0.0961798,0.001663453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899504,0.00176612,0.005966239,0.0004049007,0.0002536959,0.00006769836,0.0000166667,0.00005276577,0.001521545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998471,0.0003598634,0.0005961081,0.00002087182,0.0003764499,7.257101e-7,9.934415e-7,0.00002855873,0.0001453865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4081944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4897206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091342349","doi":"10.1115/1.3211853","title":"Thermal Properties for Bulk Silicon Based on the Determination of Relaxation Times Using Molecular Dynamics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Thermal properties of materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Anharmonicity; Relaxation (psychology); Phonon; Dispersion relation; Equipartition theorem; Boltzmann equation; Normal mode; Thermal conductivity; Condensed matter physics; Silicon; Dispersion (optics); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Statistical physics; Chemistry; Physics; Vibration; Quantum mechanics; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02447650335064385,"gpt":0.2406157479231429,"spread":0.2161392445724991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008571216,0.0001161977,0.000226333,0.00006480146,0.00007930792,0.00005073864,0.0002142964,0.00006383791,0.0001354526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009329748,0.00006537462,0.0001221677,0.00003460796,0.00006122596,0.000237077,0.000003895397,0.00006985408,0.000002709292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009016618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009470696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008474629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.513254e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988229,0.0001553045,0.0004788752,0.00009119578,0.0003049921,0.000146757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994643,0.00007404762,0.0000695701,0.0001416642,0.0002213622,0.00002899569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008098445,0.00007269452,0.000004645724,0.0000372777,0.000004473716,0.000002063236,0.0002333738,0.02233204,0.9752306,0.0002266244,0.000002817735,0.001043516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000503995,0.0007433986,0.0001825035,0.000184445,0.00004620426,0.000008547512,0.00004225067,0.04380781,0.9542852,0.0001038672,0.00001080249,0.0000809702],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780632,0.00008749858,0.01967936,0.001576329,0.0001769516,0.0003189672,0.00001110199,0.000009029396,0.00007758456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984928,0.000002315154,0.001105811,0.0003093313,0.0000607903,0.000003104219,8.609777e-7,0.00001502454,0.000009944006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02147577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2665899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117683101","doi":"10.1115/1.2977549","title":"Investigation of Thermal Accommodation Coefficients in Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Incandescence; Monatomic ion; Polyatomic ion; Accommodation; Thermal; Laser; Atomic physics; Materials science; Soot; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Optics; Molecule; Physical chemistry; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02574034936244185,"gpt":0.2112894880824618,"spread":0.18554913872002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002466668,0.00007414379,0.000170718,0.00001563255,0.00004618332,0.000007497897,0.0001537856,0.00005787485,0.0004945934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001577228,0.00005800051,0.00005301836,0.0001837932,0.00006820153,0.0002301769,0.000001885788,0.0001576026,0.000007983214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000599725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009123889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001384507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003582175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991133,0.00005404698,0.000362231,0.00007110465,0.0002839827,0.0001153367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997156,0.00006563494,0.00002756171,0.00006239032,0.00005359277,0.00007526284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002062471,0.0000339841,0.6158104,0.00001650113,0.00001023222,0.00002940395,0.0006302837,0.008621011,0.3725991,4.265928e-7,0.0000370102,0.002005451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001013312,0.000199269,0.6910331,0.00009330516,0.00001040679,0.0000631915,0.0000435334,0.003593605,0.3038186,0.00001242366,0.00002600935,0.00009325651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992197,0.00004042778,0.000260814,0.0001081102,0.00006007608,0.00005718517,0.000007520935,0.000003398494,0.0002428043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996608,0.00002252576,0.0001810577,0.00005681536,0.00004906949,1.181075e-7,0.00001117575,0.000001901109,0.00001654032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07522275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5415452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162240747","doi":"10.1115/1.4006662","title":"Effect of Uncertainties in Physical Properties on Entropy Generation Between Two Rotating Cylinders With Nanofluids","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Bejan number; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Entropy (arrow of time); Thermodynamics; Brinkman number; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Physics; Nusselt number; Mathematics; Reynolds number; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01732195620291186,"gpt":0.2413402734661263,"spread":0.2240183172632144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004201392,0.0002089785,0.0004936262,0.0001976529,0.00003419788,0.00001527346,0.00008818524,0.00006388062,0.00001207105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006712567,0.0001324218,0.0001381596,0.000149624,0.0000468031,0.0003238122,0.000001770578,0.0003215084,0.000002629856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007343377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002668313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000188872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008452553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987074,0.0001172202,0.000431375,0.00007887732,0.0003584412,0.0003066726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996524,0.0001035383,0.000005833494,0.0000870642,0.00005690412,0.00009425952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005900992,0.0001262176,0.04436376,0.0003807515,0.0002044129,0.000008369837,0.004232557,0.04536711,0.8994692,0.0002419648,0.00003931984,0.004976219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002676736,0.002076644,0.003755828,0.0003804165,0.0001330392,0.00001460398,0.00006243547,0.004784626,0.9858827,0.000004107359,0.00004560616,0.0001832797],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914901,0.000688299,0.007249902,0.00005167776,0.0001851196,0.0002086618,0.000003432756,0.00001894927,0.000103804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991554,0.00006267508,0.00009726055,0.00001359076,0.0006200434,0.000008453091,0.000001871599,0.00003687526,0.000003832884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08641346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5400005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139987057","doi":"10.1115/1.2130405","title":"Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer in the Entrance Region of Trapezoidal Channels With Constant Wall Temperature","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Nusselt number; Reynolds number; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Boundary layer; Hagen–Poiseuille equation; Hydraulic diameter; Thermodynamics; Open-channel flow; Pipe flow; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Materials science; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005521685391227185,"gpt":0.177180448787804,"spread":0.1716587633965768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002269188,0.0001916695,0.000345161,0.0001204879,0.00003203915,0.00002932613,0.0001398716,0.0001066703,0.00001430924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001239225,0.0001169107,0.0001049702,0.0001565343,0.00006618246,0.0001955365,0.000001185879,0.000441538,3.423075e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000309622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002572473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005735457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009402679,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989331,0.00004358708,0.00042151,0.0001044728,0.0002649736,0.0002323514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999717,0.00004716802,0.000002666346,0.0001129511,0.00005141144,0.00006882287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001227645,0.0004716979,0.001143406,0.000613492,0.0003236184,0.0008482863,0.0174907,0.8323774,0.1393436,0.0020397,0.0004343689,0.00368606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02428322,0.004378645,0.01000328,0.003653845,0.0006206939,0.01222422,0.001189093,0.8522179,0.07168713,0.0001785184,0.01781927,0.001744201],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892899,0.004290134,0.004065666,0.00185101,0.0001147501,0.000195061,0.00001261759,0.00001065424,0.0001701604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965919,0.002951912,0.0001533307,0.0001557766,0.0001099261,0.00000339649,0.000001549853,0.00002435167,0.000007833641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06765651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4767479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992913833","doi":"10.1115/1.4004530","title":"Thermal Assessment of Forced Convection Through Metal Foam Heat Exchangers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metal foam; Heat transfer; Composite material; Forced convection; Thermal conduction; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Convective heat transfer; Thermal resistance; Convection; Thermal; Porosity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0340764915303358,"gpt":0.2518314312201788,"spread":0.217754939689843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003393266,0.0001972839,0.0004645703,0.0001264596,0.00003370277,0.000008461468,0.0001537559,0.0001289745,0.0005252475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003353721,0.0001599431,0.000303164,0.0001284874,0.00005767915,0.0003924179,0.00000330172,0.0003515744,0.000002944048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006946183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005838638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004844397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001948847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985783,0.0000532315,0.0006301905,0.00009608625,0.0003557712,0.0002864268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999581,0.0000435695,0.000007043205,0.0001363603,0.0001076788,0.0001243153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002778096,0.000352809,0.001994493,0.0005990184,0.001192209,0.0001243994,0.01436824,0.005721836,0.9689865,0.001502724,0.0005967966,0.004283227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003925554,0.001583101,0.01475011,0.0002496551,0.000628958,0.000224085,0.000826645,0.002852941,0.9712694,0.0002942212,0.002888748,0.0005065363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8623921,0.0006671768,0.1209237,0.00007142857,0.001691272,0.000183347,0.00001030713,0.00005096057,0.01400972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977286,0.0005536061,0.001393117,0.00005154502,0.0002039194,0.000007076703,0.00000212669,0.00004336708,0.00001666977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1353365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6522292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987078903","doi":"10.1115/1.1650388","title":"Experimental Study of Bubble Dynamics on a Micro Heater Induced by Pulse Heating","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Xerox Foundation","keywords":"Superheating; Bubble; Nucleation; Materials science; Mechanics; Liquid bubble; Kinetic energy; Heat flux; Resistive touchscreen; Joule heating; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Composite material; Physics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01549845461691395,"gpt":0.2494133445967777,"spread":0.2339148899798637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001874084,0.0002392101,0.0004946199,0.0001518255,0.00007647085,0.00002107393,0.0001453268,0.00008196181,0.00002140497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000362078,0.0001963675,0.0001590749,0.0001488481,0.00002714092,0.0001401625,0.000005150557,0.0003837234,0.000002675958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002120369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002820754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001161754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005064195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985283,0.00003329603,0.0006848047,0.0001300465,0.0003396595,0.0002838848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996582,0.00003575966,0.000005491761,0.0001295784,0.00006949234,0.0001015204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002178476,0.00212036,0.0007858464,0.0000961745,0.0003739864,0.00005135622,0.01074534,0.01994541,0.9651529,0.00002673058,0.00005532268,0.0004287399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005288601,0.004552059,0.001034175,0.0002611032,0.00009489658,0.00006096153,0.004293849,0.0002315253,0.9838668,0.00002059346,0.00002161597,0.0002737788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964334,0.0006253067,0.001864566,0.0001295446,0.0003238068,0.0002093412,0.00001663887,0.00003624438,0.0003611987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996774,0.00004726576,0.00009666596,0.00004916646,0.00007365425,0.000005725447,0.000001753096,0.00004429167,0.000004079726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01971389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8007635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795911792","doi":"10.1115/1.4039909","title":"Effects of Hall Current and Chemical Reaction on Magnetohydrodynamics Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer of Casson Nanofluid Flow Through a Vertical Plate","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Université de Moncton","keywords":"Grashof number; Thermophoresis; Nusselt number; Sherwood number; Nanofluid; Schmidt number; Prandtl number; Lewis number; Mechanics; Magnetohydrodynamics; Thermodynamics; Mass transfer; Heat transfer; Physics; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008409535037499215,"gpt":0.2194746624379534,"spread":0.2110651274004542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002058435,0.0003167864,0.0007174873,0.0001745689,0.0000403768,0.00001537912,0.0001082893,0.0002495759,0.00001941686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001084934,0.000265046,0.0001956834,0.0001584354,0.0002026971,0.0002639771,0.000004581618,0.0004662452,0.000001952575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000773581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003690637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001659464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001106459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981923,0.00005734478,0.0007783838,0.0002111312,0.0004180323,0.0003428175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993466,0.000173191,0.000004143252,0.0001451538,0.0001423347,0.0001885417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008681684,0.000193661,0.0001611576,0.00106226,0.0001530509,0.00002663335,0.0009347723,0.0002200567,0.9938898,0.0003545504,0.00005993368,0.002075958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003894825,0.002214238,0.001201994,0.000855188,0.0003936833,0.0001786871,0.00001958133,0.01603977,0.9743806,0.0001291734,0.0004031583,0.0002891459],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523227,0.003218658,0.04325545,0.0001240079,0.0006038951,0.0002572979,0.00002441267,0.00002623835,0.0001673218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994969,0.004391788,0.0003544725,0.00002929979,0.000194721,0.000004025935,0.000002993263,0.00005131415,0.000002422809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04290098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025670855","doi":"10.1115/1.1532010","title":"The Effect of Dissolving Salts in Water Sprays Used for Quenching a Hot Surface: Part 1—Boiling of Single Droplets","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Boiling; Dissolution; Chemistry; Surface tension; Sodium sulfate; Coalescence (physics); Evaporation; Boiling point; Electrolyte; Sodium; Chemical engineering; Bubble; Magnesium; Condensation; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007851578205988566,"gpt":0.2133833599270817,"spread":0.2055317817210932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00141156,0.000193572,0.0005386154,0.0001124675,0.00006653039,0.00002612886,0.0001457007,0.0001007001,0.00001678201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003447591,0.0001174698,0.0002907091,0.0001124663,0.00004263152,0.0001534287,0.000002801362,0.0002888055,4.259298e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006845585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000252706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001698618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001272131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998289,0.0001059294,0.0008704537,0.0001019335,0.0002539118,0.0003787401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992039,0.0004946478,0.000009848201,0.0001454926,0.00007364617,0.00007248616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001889563,0.00004570105,0.002729851,0.0004360495,0.00009294177,0.000009773623,0.001055297,0.1191573,0.8758528,0.0002428828,0.00001323449,0.0001751964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002892243,0.0009371902,0.0004695892,0.0006309174,0.0001032147,0.00003698028,0.00006204816,0.01958743,0.9744726,0.0001026181,0.0005023966,0.000202752],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744408,0.001083568,0.02356167,0.00008172746,0.0004372593,0.0002790034,0.000009629995,0.00001059909,0.00009575739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993806,0.000221258,0.0003005051,0.000005263199,0.00003398698,0.000005519782,0.000001515033,0.00004643118,0.000004945394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09956987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4790281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049045360","doi":"10.1115/1.2739621","title":"Forced Convection Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Losses in Graphitic Foam","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Battelle","keywords":"Materials science; Heat transfer; Metal foam; Heat flux; Pressure drop; Thermal conductivity; Porosity; Convection; Convective heat transfer; Mechanics; Porous medium; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007077371129531494,"gpt":0.1981175285707444,"spread":0.1910401574412129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002846199,0.0002593179,0.0004818784,0.0004261512,0.00004812916,0.00004067037,0.0001045817,0.0001778415,0.00006037401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004422513,0.0002321187,0.0001835057,0.0002845185,0.00007898829,0.0003667924,0.000001609565,0.0004665955,0.000003295248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006954186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003591804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001458758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005943845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983606,0.00004893084,0.0007381786,0.0001498998,0.0002930875,0.0004092743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995778,0.00009379645,0.000001517292,0.0001071862,0.00005744272,0.0001622813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007006902,0.0006289381,0.02535867,0.001866767,0.0004357614,0.001010266,0.00446918,0.05055811,0.9013492,0.003255781,0.002299588,0.008067072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02529358,0.002417471,0.164668,0.001703428,0.0009028715,0.003972198,0.0008296613,0.01159233,0.7554433,0.005798304,0.02480131,0.002577519],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662697,0.002730837,0.02807706,0.0004129341,0.0006773837,0.0002096796,0.00000833699,0.00006784334,0.001546176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980112,0.001478843,0.000055837,0.0001017508,0.0002708161,0.000009214093,0.000004149843,0.00005253124,0.00001569767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1459058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9465527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009064898","doi":"10.1115/1.2754946","title":"Characteristics of Flow Boiling Oscillations in Silicon Microchannel Heat Sinks","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat sink; Boiling; Mechanics; Microchannel; Pressure drop; Inlet; Thermodynamics; Heat flux; Materials science; Oscillation (cell signaling); Nucleate boiling; Chemistry; Heat transfer; Mechanical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01236583221634411,"gpt":0.2295191269148043,"spread":0.2171532946984602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005592248,0.0001750413,0.0004848954,0.0003206941,0.00004491971,0.00001201742,0.0001066101,0.0001238679,0.00001936778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001844318,0.0001577172,0.0001816848,0.0002426621,0.00004491316,0.0001336026,0.000003437811,0.0004003546,0.00000223197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007551532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003396633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001686718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001122399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984015,0.00001948963,0.0009486459,0.0000909325,0.000224321,0.0003151375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995212,0.0001425459,0.000004583891,0.00009763065,0.0001377263,0.00009629198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002543057,0.0002607052,0.0227738,0.0006841419,0.0002474313,0.0001520543,0.007895989,0.0534337,0.9056597,0.0000734359,0.00009835091,0.008466362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005153385,0.000780616,0.3063297,0.001856489,0.0003270336,0.0003863732,0.00123774,0.02011706,0.6600932,0.0001793366,0.002522414,0.001016639],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9430377,0.001190326,0.05458227,0.0001365705,0.0005042164,0.00008620593,0.0000238212,0.00002517402,0.0004136804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983572,0.0009274092,0.0004375227,0.00003759981,0.0002042516,7.276913e-7,0.00000237099,0.00002797012,0.000004991522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2835559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6431522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064453671","doi":"10.1115/1.2193541","title":"Local Heat Transfer Measurements in Microchannels Using Liquid Crystal Thermography: Methodology Development and Validation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Microchannel; Materials science; Heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Heat sink; Mechanics; Calibration; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Optics; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06967154666924046,"gpt":0.2730682000818647,"spread":0.2033966534126243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008737613,0.0002327657,0.0004050045,0.0004296564,0.00005974418,0.00002610124,0.00009619327,0.0001713412,0.00005318986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003971741,0.0002147426,0.0001136205,0.0002361135,0.00004323769,0.0003955289,0.000002719724,0.0003044083,0.000001008385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001639153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006999243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001490696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008349081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982925,0.0001705027,0.0007703172,0.0001517314,0.0002877245,0.0003271916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996378,0.00005111107,0.000002097988,0.00007206584,0.00009696172,0.0001400061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002694651,0.00007228411,0.0003344544,0.00008881853,0.0001191685,0.000008765615,0.003911558,0.4622049,0.5294967,0.00001003974,0.000003908563,0.003479925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002484862,0.0002226742,0.001111096,0.0002123272,0.00009948443,0.0002063956,0.000211888,0.01320688,0.9814344,0.00001242154,0.0004731007,0.0003244873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5132172,0.000758097,0.4856979,0.00007222154,0.00009439327,0.000100482,0.000002006427,0.00001541968,0.00004227531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987466,0.0003049755,0.01200275,0.00008479354,0.00009114046,0.00000386953,0.000003822181,0.00004181904,8.442723e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4742488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.875695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994034288","doi":"10.1115/1.4002095","title":"Simple Models for Laminar Thermally Developing Slug Flow in Noncircular Ducts and Channels","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Enterprise Ireland","keywords":"Laminar flow; Prandtl number; Dimensionless quantity; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Duct (anatomy); Constant (computer programming); Heat flux; Physics; Materials science; Mathematics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01105486787967262,"gpt":0.2107682575552944,"spread":0.1997133896756217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002749185,0.0001087124,0.0002015497,0.0001377147,0.00003316962,0.00002010318,0.0001108052,0.0001195386,0.00000250381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001749616,0.00009401318,0.00005159856,0.0000819744,0.00002211831,0.000156623,0.000004566831,0.0003432897,2.999322e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002666712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003677059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003319591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001520833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999362,0.00000708557,0.0002498963,0.0000749171,0.0000733606,0.0002327263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997953,0.00004191128,0.000004566627,0.00007223423,0.00005385864,0.00003210077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001679572,0.00001091521,0.00007041114,0.00009314971,0.00003365921,0.00002159296,0.0005771779,0.006633511,0.9821278,0.0005098183,0.0001662204,0.009738889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001195847,0.00014566,0.0003270055,0.0001236502,0.00002590153,0.000294815,0.0001284179,0.01871332,0.9707981,0.004344568,0.003667491,0.0002351695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8414532,0.001954613,0.1558745,0.0003674579,0.0001768437,0.0000933644,0.000003102484,0.00005057602,0.00002635295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950926,0.0006311881,0.004123288,0.00004309191,0.00007530997,0.000005242529,8.512177e-7,0.00002455246,0.000003845311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1536394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3833746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034839903","doi":"10.1115/1.2946474","title":"Slip Flow Heat Transfer in Annular Microchannels With Constant Heat Flux","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Knudsen number; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Heat flux; Nusselt number; Temperature jump; Laminar flow; Slip ratio; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Slip (aerodynamics); Heat transfer coefficient; Adiabatic process; Reynolds number; Physics; Shear stress; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02000244331713483,"gpt":0.2377758228583503,"spread":0.2177733795412155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006607633,0.0003757019,0.0008853395,0.0003293503,0.0001152416,0.00002977105,0.0002838174,0.0001905947,0.0003028214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002044981,0.0002718955,0.0003196512,0.0002774152,0.0002079891,0.000201573,0.000008279785,0.000667316,0.00000781508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001097576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002057846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002515748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009233453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974834,0.0001599878,0.001007111,0.0002540236,0.0005530471,0.0005423778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989893,0.0002188882,0.000007741916,0.0002883684,0.0002360113,0.0002596428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0119082,0.007904762,0.01010505,0.002061612,0.002146695,0.0191158,0.06096673,0.02765729,0.8034666,0.04820428,0.004987313,0.001475696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.11134,0.02213803,0.01373687,0.01302515,0.003181728,0.112378,0.01036466,0.02827149,0.5512102,0.1102095,0.01572725,0.008417029],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9202816,0.0007979622,0.0766027,0.001002386,0.0002164722,0.000328186,0.00003598859,0.00002202078,0.0007127257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958351,0.0004065421,0.003109057,0.0002970691,0.0001477945,0.000006082966,0.000003228459,0.00007449128,0.0001206518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2522563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025126062","doi":"10.1115/1.2780185","title":"Heat Transfer From a Rotating Disk to Fluids for a Wide Range of Prandtl Numbers Using the Asymptotic Model","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Prandtl number; Nusselt number; Turbulent Prandtl number; Asymptote; Magnetic Prandtl number; Mechanics; Mathematics; Heat transfer; Intersection (aeronautics); Physics; Mathematical analysis; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01631804705706567,"gpt":0.2522272360750067,"spread":0.2359091890179411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003033081,0.0002028113,0.0003780436,0.0000521227,0.0001268471,0.00001240289,0.0002189735,0.0001250446,0.00002799523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006254282,0.0001428642,0.0003470799,0.00009731842,0.00008974862,0.000009458038,0.000009511535,0.0001527441,4.194785e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001575583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001769468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001049317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005453827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985978,0.00009745963,0.0005198015,0.0002022035,0.0002609396,0.000321789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993612,0.0001191966,0.000007441139,0.0002029383,0.0001649357,0.0001442735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001132748,0.00009300773,0.0009818958,0.00005025491,0.0001276866,0.000007050339,0.00109852,0.008979414,0.9866763,0.00001306935,0.0004518671,0.0003882347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008686015,0.007074368,0.002740313,0.0003045548,0.0007322768,0.0004665594,0.0002495512,0.04588301,0.9321826,0.0001599247,0.0009391187,0.0005817347],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6923221,0.0009400942,0.3058001,0.0004052584,0.00007581335,0.0003531814,0.0000285087,0.00000233308,0.00007269328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932728,0.0002351347,0.005644316,0.0005388454,0.0001969083,0.00001640187,0.000006414938,0.00003460051,0.00005453167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3009508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5825835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129926424","doi":"10.1115/1.1773586","title":"Experimental Investigation of the Potential of Metallic Porous Inserts in Enhancing Forced Convective Heat Transfer","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Pressure drop; Heat transfer; Porosity; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Turbulence; Composite material; Heat flux; Convective heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Porous medium; Reynolds number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00972088532117498,"gpt":0.2118859336405907,"spread":0.2021650483194158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003461386,0.0002252024,0.0005593611,0.0002201876,0.00003349732,0.000009395374,0.0002120224,0.0001524021,0.0000394816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008624391,0.0001717824,0.0003068997,0.0002839643,0.0001284375,0.0003127915,0.00000458673,0.0004007392,6.839338e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001676929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001603119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001564413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002278103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980286,0.00008125958,0.001022144,0.0001223429,0.0004697671,0.0002758961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995766,0.00004541218,0.000007120923,0.0001489584,0.0001019511,0.0001199853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001218206,0.00008390081,0.0002838348,0.0001401732,0.0001164539,0.00002194521,0.007801341,0.01937738,0.9717569,0.0002240305,0.000003723748,0.00006844349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002946396,0.0003237458,0.00503995,0.0003527919,0.0001010949,0.0001104269,0.0006958792,0.0001320128,0.9898638,0.0002712744,0.000009064989,0.0001536175],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835348,0.001007237,0.01408143,0.0001728533,0.0007163609,0.000318069,0.000008969391,0.00001740437,0.0001428386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995599,0.0001215539,0.0001268701,0.00005974349,0.00007907953,0.000008020317,0.000001947,0.0000401151,0.000002721057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01924536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7005084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970461480","doi":"10.1115/1.1481358","title":"Heat Transfer From an Isothermal Vertical Surface With Adjacent Heated Horizontal Louvers: Validation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Queen's University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Louver; Mechanics; Materials science; Heat transfer; Laminar flow; Thermal conduction; Convection; Isothermal process; Fin; Heat flux; Optics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01137848161533369,"gpt":0.1908984757062853,"spread":0.1795199940909516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008546323,0.0001983581,0.0002673937,0.00006794531,0.00006161688,0.00004799049,0.0001256403,0.0001360837,0.000841064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001219204,0.0001610338,0.00009985909,0.0001504109,0.00003013782,0.0005639595,0.000001787051,0.0002979783,0.000005207438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009542352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001512509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004586464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000293757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989011,0.0000512689,0.0003600146,0.0001321174,0.0003167399,0.0002388013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996047,0.00002531482,0.00000131955,0.0001334186,0.00006616294,0.0001690653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002568607,0.0001577903,0.0003962074,0.0000124268,0.000140313,0.00004224205,0.0005167585,0.9288885,0.06893367,0.00004296518,0.0002095396,0.0004027378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004727908,0.001524374,0.001285788,0.0002247932,0.0002998708,0.0002314112,0.0001660792,0.4339818,0.5557448,0.00001528587,0.001209317,0.0005886018],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8400878,0.000344964,0.1587532,0.0001851427,0.0002847848,0.00006928966,0.00001001062,0.00007623372,0.0001885575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988211,0.0002315448,0.0006551506,0.00007017689,0.0001450125,0.000001432865,0.0000153599,0.00005060934,0.000009570643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4949067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9209061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042021858","doi":"10.1115/1.2740307","title":"Laser Transmission Welding of a Lap-Joint: Thermal Imaging Observations and three–dimensional Finite Element Modeling","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Lap joint; Finite element method; Laser beam welding; Laser; Thermal; Beam (structure); Optics; Joint (building); Composite material; Structural engineering; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02532912838693281,"gpt":0.2334908650792094,"spread":0.2081617366922766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004946808,0.0001177102,0.0002057924,0.0001413789,0.00006225612,0.00001429487,0.00006863582,0.00005209316,0.00003776587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005945735,0.00009056267,0.0001020134,0.00009008923,0.00002026298,0.0001639458,0.000006544958,0.0002232859,1.318844e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000290189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001966451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002190584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001144388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989542,0.00001039869,0.0005038872,0.00007007877,0.0002802984,0.0001811771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996737,0.00006698081,0.00001131323,0.00005206546,0.0001112859,0.00008469231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004801188,0.00004180552,0.0009663332,0.0001149357,0.00005684404,0.00003228682,0.0002581608,0.8383387,0.1534915,0.00003932171,0.00008603799,0.006526091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070306,0.0001357681,0.004321535,0.001062073,0.0001074837,0.00008329345,0.00008897181,0.5033749,0.488268,0.0004502141,0.0007864277,0.0002510171],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6072599,0.001127488,0.3912262,0.0001849814,0.00004570162,0.0000493709,0.000004310358,0.00002395251,0.00007809659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899744,0.0002889466,0.009600923,0.00003545262,0.00007552488,7.527426e-7,0.000001012137,0.00002099166,0.000001996086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3827145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3693039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007047475","doi":"10.1115/1.521476","title":"Nonequilibrium Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Cavity Filled With a Saturated Porous Matrix","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Natural convection; Porous medium; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Thermal conductivity; Darcy's law; Mechanics; Enclosure; Thermodynamics; Convection; Materials science; Thermal; Porosity; Physics; Engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004048582212012534,"gpt":0.1932320748316945,"spread":0.189183492619682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001527158,0.0002925549,0.0005652866,0.0002735686,0.00004238935,0.00004888598,0.0001390248,0.0001739675,0.0007526666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002010787,0.0002185902,0.0001594287,0.0004277223,0.00004047071,0.0003719165,0.000001652418,0.0007348453,0.00001559665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001372201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007186477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001197958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000316471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983698,0.00006803715,0.0006584806,0.0001574239,0.0003403155,0.0004059812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995654,0.00003541159,0.000004644647,0.0001333796,0.0001132155,0.0001479275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004540208,0.0003315446,0.002117842,0.0002323241,0.000398248,0.0006699848,0.001369374,0.03027486,0.9569756,0.0000309724,0.0004035116,0.002655491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07169662,0.006263141,0.3075289,0.002963039,0.00138977,0.01067526,0.0003380377,0.07362419,0.5141838,0.0001122677,0.006924967,0.004300009],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954053,0.001319541,0.001980715,0.000181133,0.0004291169,0.0002537327,0.00001350369,0.0001010223,0.0003159507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990351,0.0004380791,0.0001242723,0.00004210212,0.0001377462,0.000005137726,0.000009802405,0.00005476342,0.0001530438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4427919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.891385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789140569","doi":"10.1115/1.4039353","title":"Scaling Analysis of a Moving Point Heat Source in Steady-State on a Semi-Infinite Solid","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; American Welding Society","keywords":"Scaling; Dimensionless quantity; Normalization (sociology); Steady state (chemistry); Range (aeronautics); Point source; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Physics; Geometry; Materials science; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01165074296896794,"gpt":0.249631876082268,"spread":0.2379811331133001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038917,0.0001532596,0.0005056393,0.0007429337,0.00003373259,0.00002714832,0.0001650233,0.00008178829,0.00006627019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001939789,0.0001211868,0.0002617864,0.0005951264,0.00004374663,0.00009954147,0.000009637328,0.0003106786,0.000001922378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006836103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001708735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009584043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001142101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986931,0.00003945914,0.0006438237,0.00009976508,0.0002814522,0.0002423713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999557,0.000116244,0.00001340953,0.0001388062,0.00008953182,0.00008497682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001903087,0.00009966132,0.003611381,0.0001348004,0.0007702711,0.00006133258,0.002682473,0.9172614,0.073334,0.00002031316,0.0001919509,0.001642122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001387029,0.0009490453,0.01171702,0.001996026,0.0007946143,0.00006878217,0.0004095273,0.1015681,0.8791546,0.0002625543,0.001184708,0.0005080341],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9589385,0.0002960193,0.03962538,0.0001180008,0.00008622804,0.00006208902,0.00000925745,0.00004501388,0.0008194994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989843,0.000363918,0.0004632551,0.0000561851,0.00009521208,0.00000121706,8.086228e-7,0.00002640392,0.000008728097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8156933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4941855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060543560","doi":"10.1115/1.3156782","title":"Heat Transfer During Deposition of Molten Aluminum Alloy Droplets to Build Vertical Columns","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Alloy; Melting point; Deposition (geology); Heat transfer; Aluminium; Drop (telecommunication); Composite material; Substrate (aquarium); Thermal conduction; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008656583154018117,"gpt":0.2139867372630944,"spread":0.2053301541090763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000163864,0.0002088698,0.000417991,0.0002462333,0.00006091958,0.00002547613,0.000239939,0.0001706025,0.00005315879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002210875,0.0001920377,0.0002239573,0.0001550438,0.00004501711,0.000157383,0.000008874634,0.0004708497,0.0000059949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008856537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001758204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001052749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009441424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985711,0.00002912223,0.0005669177,0.0001409603,0.0003499089,0.0003419678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995372,0.00004506881,0.000001938755,0.0001844132,0.00009124117,0.0001401231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002214948,0.000130617,0.0002088207,0.0001250077,0.0001336474,0.0001331398,0.0005393143,0.03451691,0.9615266,0.0001141241,0.0003442143,0.002006082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008041883,0.0005790307,0.02272805,0.0002995335,0.0000759767,0.0002222106,0.00007139917,0.0009748635,0.9736937,0.00008399654,0.0002478044,0.0002192893],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9686525,0.0001294697,0.02933879,0.0009635583,0.000192706,0.0001671351,0.00001053565,0.0001656883,0.0003796423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998822,0.000092602,0.000861236,0.00008041946,0.0001017474,0.000003724542,0.000001361079,0.00002949151,0.000007429074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03354205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7831072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971562069","doi":"10.1115/1.1622719","title":"An Improved Quasi-Steady Analysis for Solving Freezing Problems in a Plate, a Cylinder and a Sphere","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cylinder; Mechanics; Steady state (chemistry); Transient (computer programming); Phase (matter); Materials science; Heat flux; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics; Heat transfer; Geometry; Chemistry; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01403742358743562,"gpt":0.2295548822649261,"spread":0.2155174586774905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004778603,0.0001615338,0.0004037977,0.000301784,0.00004502841,0.00005829422,0.00007069255,0.0001234517,0.00003212476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001124197,0.0001446484,0.0001523515,0.0003907478,0.00001356968,0.0004107004,8.272178e-7,0.0002385503,1.858049e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005394307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004122855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002621061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008106209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998894,0.00003747656,0.0005478135,0.0001305712,0.0001201266,0.0002699692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996295,0.00005987823,0.000005025102,0.00009500785,0.00007761161,0.0001329707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006569883,0.0001602515,0.01449899,0.0002752231,0.0004892289,0.00001119318,0.00349896,0.90227,0.07746661,0.00009142305,0.000005290394,0.00116714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005452209,0.0008000599,0.006625635,0.0002044018,0.0007446924,0.00008481534,0.0007920706,0.971368,0.01300286,0.0002013236,0.0002338153,0.0004901817],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3998844,0.0005411954,0.5991892,0.00001840553,0.0000572416,0.0001775877,0.000005608535,0.00001772955,0.000108612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936019,0.0002105962,0.006073257,0.00002658304,0.00003575049,0.00001100191,0.000003337245,0.00003456373,0.000003063538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5937174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5898591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013192971","doi":"10.1115/1.1481357","title":"Heat Transfer From an Isothermal Vertical Surface With Adjacent Heated Horizontal Louvers: Numerical Analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Queen's University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Louver; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Materials science; Laminar flow; Thermal conduction; Convection; Isothermal process; Thermal radiation; Natural convection; Radiative transfer; Thermodynamics; Optics; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009106891485659732,"gpt":0.1918533864670959,"spread":0.1827464949814361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008428576,0.0002439347,0.0004799257,0.0001379456,0.00006676633,0.00004948067,0.000168722,0.0001523578,0.001445393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001305549,0.0001918482,0.0002516279,0.00050362,0.00003899798,0.0004160331,0.000002548483,0.0003793866,0.00000468293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001055734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001567411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009686784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006215422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986175,0.00006517748,0.0004416192,0.0001764434,0.0003904906,0.0003087512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994567,0.0000350616,0.000001586194,0.000179102,0.00006769669,0.0002598779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000298922,0.0002176352,0.001702865,0.000007521729,0.0009928453,0.00006528399,0.0004344195,0.9795436,0.01630112,0.00002432063,0.0001341013,0.0002773916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002732565,0.001015015,0.002874098,0.00006616625,0.001445223,0.00008819492,0.000117268,0.9353591,0.0551494,0.000004450662,0.000665614,0.0004829722],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6866428,0.0003945979,0.3124284,0.0001571275,0.0001399827,0.00004419274,0.00001151078,0.00006306486,0.0001183411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985409,0.0002207994,0.0009511553,0.00009593049,0.0001175698,0.000001427124,0.00001470161,0.00004882111,0.000008683668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3118981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033815627","doi":"10.1115/1.4007127","title":"Effect of Inclination Angle and Flow Rate on the Heat Transfer During Bottom Jet Cooling of a Steel Plate","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Heat transfer; Materials science; Inclination angle; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Thermocouple; Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01008680129046599,"gpt":0.2205231268139745,"spread":0.2104363255235085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001807465,0.0002847391,0.0006289629,0.0002433293,0.00007417263,0.0000174436,0.0001590733,0.0001620624,0.00005872235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002559029,0.0001905437,0.000239691,0.0002079566,0.00005167793,0.000368556,0.0000048741,0.0005596202,0.000002418439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006357228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002216614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007308904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006015202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980565,0.000282881,0.0007753404,0.0001126545,0.0003954955,0.0003771799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990522,0.0005147064,0.000005676086,0.0001756073,0.00008573868,0.0001661074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008735833,0.00009086545,0.000528849,0.0008509323,0.0002226784,0.0000134761,0.002854147,0.01515027,0.9783159,0.0002838116,0.00001008812,0.0008053823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002698387,0.0009318007,0.004504549,0.0005422456,0.000197417,0.00009425509,0.00006616457,0.005533346,0.9851964,0.00001886697,0.00003888942,0.0001777473],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736727,0.0009114934,0.02437567,0.0001377169,0.0003749225,0.0003565931,0.00003324637,0.00002951622,0.0001081261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992367,0.0003945944,0.0001243875,0.00002921413,0.0001431573,0.000007552278,0.000001632306,0.00006019299,0.000002574057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02556398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7770145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082698345","doi":"10.1115/1.1423907","title":"Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow Through a Circular Tube With Longitudinal Strip Inserts Under Uniform Wall Heat Flux","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Nusselt number; Laminar flow; STRIPS; Pressure drop; Materials science; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Heat flux; Tube (container); Prandtl number; Rod; Flow conditioning; Composite material; Turbulence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01868004029674259,"gpt":0.2009455861794522,"spread":0.1822655458827097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003056325,0.0006139679,0.001165265,0.0002552695,0.0001149765,0.00007426814,0.0003093264,0.0003550286,0.0005027481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005662987,0.0005036778,0.0002985366,0.0003652495,0.0001460799,0.0007672653,0.000008028826,0.0008741115,0.000006450562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001137132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006577192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004443945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003126486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968827,0.00009535909,0.001145231,0.0003441551,0.0008370859,0.0006954359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989024,0.00008810328,0.000004568503,0.0003850482,0.0002609825,0.0003588832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001722341,0.002024662,0.004140849,0.006723935,0.005045796,0.002360228,0.01833222,0.1029968,0.8505276,0.001711369,0.0008123262,0.003601848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02870394,0.01186095,0.03636907,0.005493474,0.006171733,0.0108656,0.001292026,0.1948912,0.6814312,0.0005768155,0.01777831,0.004565716],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7517242,0.001947903,0.2445258,0.0005975807,0.0002943361,0.0003949247,0.0001068457,0.00007689699,0.0003314274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964869,0.002062866,0.000923033,0.0001463543,0.0001624808,0.000009911444,0.00001266537,0.0001522975,0.00004349408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2447627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058551719","doi":"10.1115/1.4003747","title":"Heat Transfer in Double U-Tube Boreholes With Two Independent Circuits","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Electronic circuit; Tube (container); Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geophysics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02974914406257041,"gpt":0.2334735676474247,"spread":0.2037244235848543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003070486,0.0002356046,0.0004378331,0.0002229775,0.00006919709,0.00003043927,0.0002809642,0.0001203844,0.0006348089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001051978,0.0001684263,0.0001787708,0.0002715936,0.00006040977,0.0002844984,0.000004750818,0.0003873606,0.0000217279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006542705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009681662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007492722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0074066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982501,0.00006827731,0.0007024087,0.0002111062,0.0004077522,0.000360396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994012,0.00002179841,0.000006101641,0.0002456706,0.0001299043,0.0001953158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003937909,0.004705912,0.03998087,0.00035168,0.00134658,0.001536599,0.02727033,0.2097394,0.3808563,0.3168057,0.000267745,0.01320093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05718396,0.003425948,0.2231119,0.001820468,0.0006749081,0.004421903,0.003364817,0.0009845728,0.6015469,0.001738949,0.09904232,0.002683308],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704597,0.0003364393,0.005103518,0.0003196891,0.0001489333,0.0001755074,0.000005549376,0.00002300658,0.02342764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992604,0.00007394359,0.00006805715,0.0001730216,0.00016209,0.00002863716,0.000002253199,0.00004957226,0.0001820561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3150667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075148084","doi":"10.1115/1.4006272","title":"Impact of Particulate Deposition on the Thermohydraulic Performance of Metal Foam Heat Exchangers: A Simplified Theoretical Model","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Pressure drop; Heat transfer; Materials science; Metal foam; Heat exchanger; Fouling; Composite material; Heat sink; Drop (telecommunication); Particulates; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Porosity; Membrane","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02021475037111641,"gpt":0.2463955334646178,"spread":0.2261807830935014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005413028,0.0001916413,0.0004011175,0.0001065128,0.00003332453,0.000008057526,0.0001517912,0.0001046758,0.000119384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009627055,0.0001088558,0.0003911996,0.0001309968,0.0001182842,0.0002384539,0.000003683422,0.0003132168,0.00000301388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005548065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003549622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004719443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001118622,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985839,0.00007253134,0.0005509221,0.00006350226,0.0003732329,0.0003559836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999432,0.0001387132,0.000008678969,0.0001751665,0.00007771348,0.0001677304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000827505,0.0004740153,0.001757934,0.000286753,0.000769895,0.000007250294,0.006357467,0.1895225,0.7938387,0.003565798,0.0001481441,0.002444006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00147183,0.001568978,0.01064728,0.0003387526,0.0005048576,0.0001619913,0.00009810652,0.1887469,0.7957685,0.0003865315,0.00001294674,0.0002933235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835688,0.0005074028,0.01451594,0.0001231361,0.0001576555,0.0001674104,0.0000109119,0.00001670925,0.0009319556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993705,0.0003515169,0.00006491971,0.00003930329,0.0001307079,0.000006521323,0.000001493899,0.00003366016,0.000001402052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0158016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4439013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033235294","doi":"10.1115/1.2035111","title":"Smoothing Monte Carlo Exchange Factors through Constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); Smoothing; Constraint (computer-aided design); Enclosure; Applied mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Set (abstract data type); Mathematics; Statistical physics; Computer science; Statistics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06742746193247906,"gpt":0.3145169404244042,"spread":0.2470894784919251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00167629,0.000194094,0.0004429305,0.0002218701,0.0001144683,0.0001426932,0.0004323385,0.0001245649,0.0003599701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005585024,0.0001250755,0.0002684367,0.0003116009,0.0000800057,0.0008985699,0.00001225588,0.0003403898,0.0000292462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009543408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001285016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002049974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001396071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99727,0.0001077339,0.001012251,0.0002014116,0.001105849,0.0003027964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985948,0.0006282017,0.00004690768,0.0002297807,0.0003300252,0.000170347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003317218,0.0005356884,0.001749299,0.0001031932,0.0002889507,0.0001848272,0.02845789,0.786674,0.008473809,0.002524284,0.01298481,0.1576916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01716148,0.003925459,0.02272428,0.001639067,0.001076657,0.002570269,0.009368187,0.6350169,0.03439242,0.107255,0.1613268,0.003543387],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2417358,0.0009026906,0.754279,0.00181325,0.0005400128,0.0001152847,0.00001096486,0.0000268917,0.0005760287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9800424,0.00005899474,0.01936105,0.0001971393,0.0002521428,0.000001492523,5.248627e-7,0.00001705758,0.0000692058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7383065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5100433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042405514","doi":"10.1115/1.4000245","title":"Radiative Properties of Numerically Generated Fractal Soot Aggregates: The Importance of Configuration Averaging","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Fractal; Fractal dimension; Radiative transfer; Scattering; Realization (probability); Aggregate (composite); Particle (ecology); Soot; Light scattering; Particle size; Materials science; Cluster (spacecraft); Physics; SPHERES; Statistical physics; Computational physics; Optics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Chemistry; Statistics; Combustion; Nanotechnology; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01585187465483014,"gpt":0.217154665627817,"spread":0.2013027909729869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002382502,0.0001887533,0.0004954034,0.0001073945,0.00006137838,0.00001445187,0.0001619416,0.00005720047,0.00002804256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002681515,0.0001200425,0.0001783458,0.0002394171,0.0001104683,0.0002822581,0.000001706206,0.0002933755,9.524523e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005835375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006635619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006966965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007596439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984942,0.00007527228,0.0008234322,0.00008800678,0.0003251146,0.0001939564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994287,0.00006799416,0.00002949223,0.0001150798,0.0003047042,0.00005402367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002928032,0.0001427132,0.003472403,0.0001634663,0.0006521522,0.00002435206,0.01323261,0.08316857,0.893985,0.0003531243,0.0002243466,0.004288413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001370827,0.0006438813,0.03698691,0.0003699164,0.0001462881,0.00005381127,0.0006852266,0.01080715,0.9483104,0.0001000434,0.0002872717,0.000238207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9603461,0.01198081,0.02581479,0.0009394222,0.000166605,0.0002091914,0.00001010209,0.00002215922,0.0005108388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979348,0.001695515,0.0001413771,0.0001075726,0.00009378659,0.000003087977,9.398154e-7,0.00001868764,0.000004200242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07236142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.489519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985579055","doi":"10.1115/1.1464565","title":"Thermal Contact Conductance of Non-Flat, Rough, Metallic Coated Metals","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Flatness (cosmology); Thermal contact conductance; Materials science; Metal; Conductance; Thermal; Substrate (aquarium); Surface finish; Composite material; Surface roughness; Contact area; Mechanics; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics; Thermal resistance; Condensed matter physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02304239157185977,"gpt":0.2332015092090316,"spread":0.2101591176371718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001479144,0.000155402,0.0004197598,0.0001236376,0.00004982738,0.00001610245,0.0001237382,0.00008122777,0.001535421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001025678,0.0001239799,0.0002817275,0.0001695211,0.00002528397,0.0004805543,0.000001893118,0.000299389,0.00002671184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004507451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001296002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001614446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001186364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988703,0.00004096775,0.0006054065,0.00007512118,0.000229489,0.0001787398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999499,0.00009623836,0.0000201665,0.0001217099,0.0001704983,0.00009243265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003682202,0.00007573028,0.0003496608,0.00004177977,0.0004650885,0.00002536578,0.0009657285,0.01762053,0.9789831,0.0000666314,0.001201356,0.0001682159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002346046,0.0005840908,0.006932456,0.0002380481,0.0005154968,0.0003382736,0.0003852553,0.03540546,0.9353873,0.00003868934,0.0173827,0.000446163],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98614,0.002130835,0.00808056,0.0001130354,0.0007081493,0.00008709578,0.00001291584,0.00003078299,0.002696656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984539,0.0009586437,0.0002293655,0.00002789145,0.00009405059,0.000001741378,9.012186e-7,0.00002834321,0.000205222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04359576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026970112","doi":"10.1115/1.4001305","title":"Heat Flux Estimation in a Nonlinear Inverse Heat Conduction Problem With Moving Boundary","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat flux; Thermal conduction; Inverse problem; Nonlinear system; Conjugate gradient method; Metric (unit); Convergence (economics); Heat kernel; Applied mathematics; Boundary (topology); Heat generation; Inverse; Mathematics; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Mathematical optimization; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03974849062872773,"gpt":0.3205467211896324,"spread":0.2807982305609047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001497754,0.0002556463,0.0005575957,0.000325301,0.0001100941,0.00007764645,0.0002005377,0.0001960534,0.0003113905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002408599,0.0001922361,0.0001494739,0.0003942218,0.0001791991,0.0007499116,0.00001537582,0.001365254,0.00001223417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001503038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007612492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001951399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977282,0.0002091371,0.0009495745,0.0002221118,0.0005458834,0.0003450526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989136,0.0003745566,0.00002721317,0.000253549,0.0002430812,0.0001879349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00152567,0.001655593,0.003142957,0.001306997,0.0003225357,0.0003448595,0.007835043,0.009429805,0.9578993,0.003733766,0.001747795,0.01105571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0263463,0.006314775,0.001051218,0.005019243,0.001291332,0.01031606,0.003203904,0.2209477,0.4359984,0.2656184,0.02102554,0.002867151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.8441827,0.000040591,0.1527206,0.001202014,0.00064296,0.0004195919,0.000004663356,0.00004042545,0.0007463793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2572252,0.00002268963,0.7422004,0.0002050748,0.0002056378,0.00001504587,0.000002533566,0.00006271102,0.00006069072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5894797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7839162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}