{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":17,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":17,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"84b2b51dc2bd","filters":{"venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement"}},"results":[{"id":"W2727865175","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idx016","title":"Rebalancing European Human Rights: Has the Brighton Declaration Engendered a New Deal on Human Rights in Europe?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"European and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","keywords":"Subsidiarity; Margin of appreciation; Declaration; Human rights; Political science; Law; Politics; Fundamental rights; European union; Business","authors":[{"name":"Mikael Rask Madsen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0982215573856167,"gpt":0.3644392547754735,"spread":0.2662176973898568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001716287,0.0001681796,0.0001877807,0.0001707546,0.002737519,0.0007190933,0.001395208,0.00003055491,0.0003462665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001552341,0.0001122969,0.0001360895,0.00006888989,0.0002234658,0.0005477057,0.0001550839,0.0003373333,0.00009667766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000370765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007774281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002353271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02163738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972979,0.0004203142,0.0007247123,0.0002105811,0.001106439,0.0002400463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981368,0.00008548165,0.0009124763,0.0002357963,0.0005104677,0.000119045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008557254,0.0002468579,0.003767412,0.000003450688,0.0002676155,0.0002099352,0.00543397,0.00008772608,0.0006486442,0.9054704,0.08273003,0.001048338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009514162,0.0001652503,0.135557,0.0001568342,0.00001798728,0.000007019562,0.00008627265,0.00001352773,0.0002415424,0.004582281,0.8580914,0.0001294979],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2019672,0.00005386846,0.0002420961,0.01952347,0.001959572,0.0002506802,0.00003085457,0.00002130382,0.7759509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886272,0.00002903958,0.0001864781,0.0004554014,0.002314036,0.000001458143,0.00001965155,0.00001323352,0.008353488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9008881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121516341","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idv031","title":"Investment Treaties and the Internal Vetting of Regulatory Proposals: A Case Study from Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Vetting; Investment (military); Business; Political science; Law and economics; Law; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Gus Van Harten","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dayna Nadine Scott","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01020160938500148,"gpt":0.222201590898219,"spread":0.2119999815132175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006151107,0.0001418202,0.000217036,0.0001486171,0.00007915792,0.0001123095,0.0002992546,0.00001732959,0.000284759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001592049,0.00007251703,0.00008859381,0.00005930884,0.0001235604,0.0006499648,0.0001548557,0.00008472813,0.000002995582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001896499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001245512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1016295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04669553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981303,0.00004278765,0.0007989098,0.000133537,0.0007876184,0.0001068871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982246,0.0001635134,0.0009512289,0.0001166702,0.0005232653,0.00002077684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002068164,0.00141764,0.2731961,0.00008366844,0.004269489,0.002020512,0.002461605,0.000091965,0.002922559,0.6495691,0.04982222,0.01207697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07582424,0.001117085,0.3734737,0.003093604,0.001909934,0.002648712,0.05160333,0.01054929,0.008599064,0.07755149,0.3916195,0.002009989],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834112,0.0001023174,0.0002049566,0.00831799,0.001071236,0.0002632151,0.00004188844,0.000005677995,0.006581537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933022,0.00001500938,0.000168324,0.00544363,0.0008216625,0.000009699786,0.000005443164,0.00001037983,0.0002236479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5720176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9706998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2273594481","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idv037","title":"Diplomats Want Treaties: Diplomatic Agendas and Perks in the Investment Regime","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University College London; International Development Research Centre; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","keywords":"Treaty; Negotiation; Diplomacy; Economic diplomacy; Investment (military); Work (physics); Political science; International trade; Foreign direct investment; Law and economics; Economics; International economics; Political economy; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Lauge N. Skovgaard Poulsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma Aisbett","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0157630386198068,"gpt":0.2443600493331138,"spread":0.228597010713307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006072884,0.0001553105,0.0001631683,0.0003226032,0.00006902447,0.0002336406,0.0004153622,0.00002929169,0.0004430831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001206255,0.00007932976,0.0001010379,0.0001095463,0.000075057,0.00115724,0.00009310302,0.00009670647,0.00006242259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000139196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002750243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002889613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003313658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982865,0.00002924895,0.0006420024,0.0001406459,0.0007437582,0.0001577748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990211,0.00009858335,0.0005212334,0.0001176402,0.0002223606,0.00001906653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001074175,0.0003817245,0.01342433,0.00003981448,0.0002080712,0.000081429,0.0007633849,0.000017744,0.001540016,0.9499972,0.03115954,0.002279288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004519737,0.0001754807,0.1785937,0.0007759445,0.000107625,0.0001346471,0.001630007,0.001669092,0.0003881835,0.09523848,0.7163569,0.0004102473],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7111346,0.0002960943,0.001521998,0.1375081,0.002004867,0.0006007827,0.0000455918,0.00003345037,0.1468545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695456,0.0001339531,0.0003128451,0.02850479,0.000943999,0.00001808525,0.00001785151,0.00001395555,0.0005089244],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8547587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.485145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117467808","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idq020","title":"The Interplay of International Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: the Softwood Lumber Controversy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Settlement (finance); Dispute resolution; International arbitration; Political science; Law; Softwood; Alternative dispute resolution; Investor-state dispute settlement; Law and economics; Economics; International investment; Engineering; Foreign direct investment","authors":[{"name":"Leonila Guglya","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225792112774033,"gpt":0.2358763954846153,"spread":0.223618474356875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001157744,0.0002027108,0.0001979227,0.0002334093,0.0002147324,0.0002713466,0.001298629,0.00005164599,0.001221453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002806009,0.0001208535,0.0003255757,0.0001478095,0.0001585135,0.001289505,0.0002852973,0.0002628358,0.00008482003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001728153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005785199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001270701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001329259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972744,0.00003792725,0.001078911,0.0001755487,0.00121007,0.0002231179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968091,0.0001256635,0.001539952,0.0002078245,0.001291624,0.00002579219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004167796,0.0002778443,0.001911949,0.00001038959,0.0006932978,0.00001137777,0.0002124683,0.00007924189,0.0008689783,0.9523953,0.0420875,0.001034856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00251502,0.0001495237,0.02678134,0.0002080637,0.000184677,0.00005761108,0.0010484,0.01249589,0.001807521,0.0574583,0.8969808,0.0003128955],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05103258,0.0006403516,0.1395824,0.08704865,0.04778486,0.00164826,0.0003447036,0.0001258274,0.6717924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827476,0.0002067598,0.001619118,0.01166976,0.002234156,0.00002215586,0.00008100564,0.00002969594,0.001389741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.931715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2519950315","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idw022","title":"TPP, CETA and TTIP Between Innovation and Consolidation—Resolving Investor–State Disputes under Mega-regionals","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership; International trade; Investor-state dispute settlement; Arbitration; Consolidation (business); Negotiation; General partnership; State (computer science); Business; Political science; European union; International economics; Foreign direct investment; International investment; Economics; Law; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Stefanie Schacherer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02628151520386572,"gpt":0.257276840293284,"spread":0.2309953250894182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006293239,0.0001840857,0.0002066976,0.0006044064,0.0001199863,0.0003414115,0.0002340459,0.00004266994,0.0003319388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002306513,0.0001292105,0.00006206219,0.0001891089,0.0001338079,0.00223583,0.0001609607,0.0001102016,0.00002617191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001095869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004703634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002048023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001545518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981232,0.00002080483,0.0008157779,0.0002048001,0.000667002,0.0001684524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997939,0.0001520704,0.0008875043,0.00008738026,0.00089964,0.00003439668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006358392,0.00008015662,0.07440473,0.00003227304,0.000341082,0.00000787999,0.00006041892,0.00002043307,0.006133255,0.899497,0.01488299,0.004476255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003397641,0.00008619439,0.4540046,0.0005323816,0.0001162144,0.00004856369,0.0001554991,0.000781091,0.001889342,0.1331692,0.405337,0.0004822682],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9051558,0.0001821774,0.01431167,0.06749376,0.001286952,0.0002643981,0.0000896362,0.00003647093,0.01117912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829668,0.0001421516,0.0008332662,0.01385243,0.001467404,0.000006355061,0.00006962957,0.00002010234,0.0006419079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7663277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5269051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160787068","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idr016","title":"Satisfaction as a Form of Reparation for Moral Damages Suffered by Investors and Respondent States in Investor-State Arbitration Disputes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Damages; Arbitration; Tribunal; Law; Context (archaeology); Compensation (psychology); Redress; Business; Political science; Law and economics; Economics; Psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"P. Dumberry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01695369296199279,"gpt":0.2670558154122434,"spread":0.2501021224502506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007888386,0.0001573185,0.0002039628,0.0004733563,0.00005618647,0.0001342537,0.0001421028,0.00004344449,0.00008967343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001843112,0.0001392407,0.00009139549,0.0001316981,0.00005606923,0.003494673,0.00004844721,0.0001113694,0.000005624472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001897585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004075787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002571077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001866519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982721,0.00002369894,0.0008444223,0.0001334879,0.0005462266,0.0001800592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998411,0.00007617487,0.0009521571,0.000072738,0.000451885,0.00003605099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001198895,0.0006186948,0.3758931,0.0001768478,0.0003003957,0.000003482669,0.001363707,0.0004073623,0.02549652,0.5634261,0.02979403,0.001320886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005334109,0.0004356955,0.7492959,0.0003497953,0.0001333231,0.00002817765,0.001187455,0.01872279,0.01437072,0.08592692,0.1236252,0.0005898981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916175,0.0001431808,0.001599793,0.003745442,0.0009411952,0.0003550756,0.00006867771,0.00001028255,0.001518828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935077,0.0001090548,0.0009749534,0.004444514,0.0004662936,0.00002559837,0.0002845502,0.00001609736,0.0001711941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4774991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5678069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103503951","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idt028","title":"Enforcing Judgments of International Courts in National Courts","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Thompson Rivers University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Law; Law and economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Richard Frimpong Oppong","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. C. Niro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0131970323416125,"gpt":0.2511852123231272,"spread":0.2379881799815147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001272051,0.0001905128,0.0002630226,0.000923549,0.00004820459,0.0001669704,0.0006845062,0.00005742065,0.001330087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000368125,0.0001745842,0.0001941905,0.0001461918,0.00005647838,0.001613014,0.0001554657,0.000206066,0.00006862749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003129764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008070266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006365037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003855426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965554,0.00002190309,0.001232714,0.0001892077,0.001807485,0.0001933037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969591,0.00007844875,0.001304716,0.00009738385,0.001532481,0.00002783502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002570856,0.0005654037,0.05079605,0.00005041742,0.0003540916,0.00001808881,0.0001134924,0.004077046,0.003149678,0.9062564,0.03297967,0.001382523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004892177,0.0001011656,0.08862633,0.0004950738,0.00005253205,0.0000374623,0.0001669139,0.05577365,0.002105617,0.03453854,0.8127874,0.0004231578],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3318267,0.00008622579,0.009795728,0.02131483,0.01344255,0.0004938346,0.0001236448,0.00004416173,0.6228723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986601,0.00003942588,0.001163799,0.009518208,0.002118303,0.000007500408,0.0001553906,0.00001946876,0.0003769009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8717179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383652676","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idad017","title":"A tale of policy carve-outs and general exceptions: <i>Eco Oro v Colombia</i> as a case study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Expropriation; Tribunal; Scope (computer science); Duty; Political science; State (computer science); Free trade agreement; Law and economics; Law; Investment (military); Business; Free trade; Economics; International trade; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Güneş Ünüvar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01674625229084615,"gpt":0.2920021136260593,"spread":0.2752558613352131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005057335,0.000142617,0.0002004475,0.0007176015,0.00009991281,0.0001879089,0.0002379113,0.00003012258,0.000567951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001253348,0.0001244504,0.000123637,0.00034552,0.00005448459,0.0008821805,0.0001850303,0.0001141308,0.0001062779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001073871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008255206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001017485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002425538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982764,0.00002070005,0.0007116126,0.0001528397,0.000685284,0.0001532007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985371,0.00004499557,0.0006351953,0.00009574499,0.0006566296,0.00003036945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004189573,0.002841262,0.105966,0.0001629793,0.001796271,0.004082767,0.002377105,0.001336785,0.005203463,0.7313061,0.1390816,0.005426707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017466,0.001611976,0.242514,0.0005184505,0.0006235988,0.004615741,0.02397159,0.02082253,0.001576984,0.03055464,0.6543539,0.001370609],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738821,0.00002461332,0.00008401606,0.004841182,0.0008797541,0.0002611869,0.00004692012,0.00002208159,0.01995812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913265,0.00003802001,0.0001452356,0.00514411,0.001527363,0.00001534224,0.00005708406,0.00001598699,0.001730419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7007515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6218665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402548180","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idae018","title":"Arbitration in cross-border data protection disputes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Business; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Julien Chaisse","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0320758617540472,"gpt":0.3671973468882235,"spread":0.3351214851341763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006366187,0.0001226144,0.0001283858,0.000577739,0.0000599538,0.0008611623,0.0004054361,0.00004499202,0.001121026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001213309,0.0001031099,0.00009321552,0.0003730346,0.00003067956,0.003351005,0.0001798635,0.0002560901,0.0001440429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001704875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006934202,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008479507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000184018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984645,0.000009955142,0.0006030663,0.0002120954,0.000558025,0.0001523278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992593,0.00002444154,0.0002531955,0.0001773286,0.000269951,0.00001576754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004299633,0.001762658,0.02988475,0.0006623729,0.001043027,0.0003646569,0.0002210182,0.007200351,0.005098867,0.5767378,0.1376819,0.2389126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000415389,0.00001463358,0.03939676,0.0002074201,0.00003004327,0.00003118215,0.00008134911,0.0668271,0.00003001366,0.001321203,0.8915297,0.0001152243],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2518821,0.003541547,0.2267814,0.123363,0.04596347,0.001873301,0.0006382453,0.0004545166,0.3455024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937746,0.0001440201,0.0004170658,0.001083427,0.003255324,0.00001364015,0.0002897356,0.00002322822,0.0009989863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7538477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963543540","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idz013","title":"Transnational Public Policy as an International Practice in Investment Arbitration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Obligation; Redress; Doctrine; Normative; Arbitration; International investment; International arbitration; Law and economics; International law; Legal doctrine; Political science; Law; Public policy; Economics; Business; Foreign direct investment","authors":[{"name":"Jean‐Michel Marcoux","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01429221168103195,"gpt":0.2842589343851332,"spread":0.2699667227041013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001079016,0.0002352626,0.0002249796,0.001473605,0.00005939018,0.0006388529,0.000854594,0.000079199,0.002968516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004778281,0.0002193546,0.0001778041,0.0003897456,0.00004568812,0.009081065,0.00009809891,0.0003138118,0.0002830629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005902376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003437932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001119906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000917163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965788,0.00004608334,0.00110564,0.0002974735,0.001712461,0.00025951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971873,0.0000848423,0.0009983628,0.0001788783,0.001495043,0.00005560701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002192353,0.0008537502,0.008229558,0.00001158805,0.000184243,0.00003036702,0.0001245466,0.0006930703,0.001040429,0.9867665,0.001299229,0.0005475156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003108094,0.0001521162,0.03060924,0.00005071682,0.00002909528,0.00009235462,0.0004847124,0.00899144,0.000231137,0.03759851,0.918339,0.0003135481],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.24909,0.00003209308,0.0007067553,0.1725369,0.00548391,0.0005285059,0.00004403744,0.00004245486,0.5715354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9066418,0.00004771532,0.001592843,0.08825036,0.002456679,0.00001807042,0.0004653692,0.00002783737,0.0004992825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.949168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094429225","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idaa016","title":"Frivolous and Abuse of Process Claims in Investor–State Arbitration: Can Rules on Cost Allocation Become Solution?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Process (computing); Ex-ante; State (computer science); Law and economics; Business; Ex parte; Deterrence theory; Economics; Law; Political science; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ksenia Polonskaya","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02033716558552163,"gpt":0.2541314031403633,"spread":0.2337942375548416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002624281,0.000140253,0.000191574,0.0003182089,0.00004723802,0.0001197511,0.0002638156,0.00003453807,0.00009687226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007112009,0.0001294461,0.00007033112,0.0001629449,0.00005848172,0.0008644654,0.00003747576,0.0001751479,0.00001968978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001150152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006216865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005825239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000160561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982979,0.00001611914,0.0007613961,0.0001639054,0.0006356871,0.0001249989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985647,0.00002970145,0.0007474414,0.00006116381,0.0005636751,0.00003338588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001213394,0.001749698,0.05280506,0.0004543327,0.0005618487,0.00006733935,0.00428287,0.01151017,0.006373405,0.9020372,0.01543756,0.003507123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01537812,0.00114281,0.4415497,0.001720184,0.0002439594,0.00007200301,0.002810567,0.2359228,0.0109403,0.08971367,0.1988452,0.001660662],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585056,0.00004380175,0.0008413498,0.03059641,0.0006700049,0.0003252856,0.00005575818,0.00001571299,0.008946043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766878,0.0000605593,0.0003077177,0.02218622,0.0005907339,0.00001100647,0.0001117082,0.00001268738,0.00003149161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8123235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5278658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209117114","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idab024","title":"Procedural Cross-Fertilization in International Commercial and Investment Arbitration: A Functional Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Investment (military); Human fertilization; Business; Economics; International economics; Political science; Law; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Tamar Meshel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02215428435993389,"gpt":0.2593736863617492,"spread":0.2372194020018153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004684808,0.0001938816,0.0002060663,0.0004535099,0.0000937203,0.0005728778,0.0002801604,0.00006639388,0.0009286029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000217373,0.0001812523,0.0001267444,0.0002517237,0.00007624237,0.00213806,0.0001694576,0.0002341225,0.00002624349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002716105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001407115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002370149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007672825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976587,0.0000236084,0.0009193008,0.0002636818,0.0009577343,0.0001770332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980129,0.00003151611,0.0005749117,0.00009606316,0.001250538,0.00003407596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004000479,0.001066805,0.09827971,0.00006900055,0.000283974,0.0000734475,0.000197118,0.002257065,0.001633047,0.8799713,0.01516464,0.0006038152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005698674,0.00005792373,0.6153406,0.0001983617,0.00006477206,0.0002695402,0.0005702846,0.04011396,0.0008951414,0.02317129,0.3131298,0.0004896442],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5732127,0.0003440786,0.01250554,0.03661445,0.009530416,0.0005761389,0.0000776968,0.00006226413,0.3670767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383919,0.00007050386,0.002638259,0.05442631,0.002964907,0.00002676894,0.0007736419,0.00002441583,0.0006833368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409148924","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idaf017","title":"<i>Deripaska v Montenegro</i>: the alpha and omega of State succession to BITs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Montenegro; Omega; Ecological succession; Alpha (finance); State (computer science); Mathematics; Philosophy; History; Biology; Ethnology; Botany; Statistics; Linguistics; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Dumberry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009722941722857389,"gpt":0.3239730956249972,"spread":0.3142501539021398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007781877,0.00005886774,0.0001099774,0.0001496538,0.0001356733,0.00006928669,0.0002717885,0.00002052496,0.00006163318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009962924,0.00003924033,0.0000664648,0.0001587867,0.00006247037,0.0001685299,0.00007897612,0.00008349102,0.000001183727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008388158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001067892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003197426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005406109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988568,0.00006202595,0.0003825263,0.00007427835,0.000522855,0.000101552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991421,0.00008824781,0.0002495208,0.00006022673,0.0003953946,0.00006451866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001026307,0.0007825297,0.1218458,0.00007865927,0.001268144,0.00003548089,0.04797522,0.0009508676,0.01984636,0.1647565,0.1412101,0.5002241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004441907,0.00009677988,0.129508,0.0001727333,0.00002470329,0.000002009836,0.00163015,0.00007953928,0.001221626,0.001221727,0.8655433,0.0000553009],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.864077,0.0005867251,0.004541976,0.1096693,0.002591467,0.0002437399,0.00006145029,0.000007948972,0.0182204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953237,0.0008860759,0.00025025,0.0009609386,0.0001769574,0.000002680923,0.00000196347,0.000003003912,0.002394454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7243332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1600174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285388102","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idac016","title":"Reconsidering International Compensation in Historical Context","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Compensation (psychology); Context (archaeology); Meaning (existential); International law; Law; Political science; International arbitration; Collateral; Work (physics); Law and economics; Arbitration; Sociology; History; Epistemology; Engineering; Philosophy; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Ashley Barnes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04086850735974812,"gpt":0.2402635243319206,"spread":0.1993950169721724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007460231,0.0001279424,0.0001767814,0.0007639126,0.0001073737,0.0001555846,0.000552239,0.00002152003,0.004869482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001207371,0.0001296911,0.000149966,0.0001796388,0.00001819306,0.001096806,0.0002478652,0.0002996305,0.00005037576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001554814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005465427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009291077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009624835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977718,0.00002571337,0.000876571,0.0001603476,0.001021405,0.000144176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986575,0.00004439031,0.0007924978,0.00008098494,0.0004072849,0.00001731183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007945732,0.001582404,0.07953146,0.00003000543,0.0004522654,0.0003169845,0.0007233747,0.01080288,0.002699325,0.6818361,0.2127644,0.008466233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001546581,0.00004020878,0.009616718,0.00003010681,0.00001324812,0.00005994851,0.0006909798,0.008817311,0.00008704301,0.00436681,0.9745778,0.0001532375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.523585,0.0003320251,0.003682661,0.1424956,0.04539468,0.0006981496,0.00008834215,0.00008802523,0.2836355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978049,0.00001875031,0.0004621199,0.01893993,0.001549212,0.00002022348,0.0001175364,0.00001613392,0.0008271314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7618133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214478666","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idab028","title":"State Responsibility for the Conduct of Rebels in Situations of Unsuccessful Civil Wars: A Critical Analysis of the <i>Cengiz v Libya</i> Case","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Tribunal; State responsibility; State (computer science); Context (archaeology); Spanish Civil War; Law; Political science; Arbitration; Insurgency; Government (linguistics); Commission; Embodied cognition; Law and economics; Sociology; International law; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Patrick Dumberry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03086613856396506,"gpt":0.3133803678165132,"spread":0.2825142292525481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001194106,0.0001002554,0.0002772062,0.0003565868,0.00005918648,0.00005577019,0.0003731281,0.0000268533,0.0004350809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001279557,0.00006416538,0.0004012136,0.0006758708,0.000134529,0.0005147985,0.0001057713,0.0001249831,7.594542e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000771035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001518244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001545299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00160414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978951,0.00006096971,0.001152221,0.0001277508,0.0006575211,0.0001063991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959741,0.0006453968,0.0009365851,0.0001985462,0.002233211,0.00001214682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008190944,0.002210473,0.0500014,0.0003320031,0.00466821,0.0001107267,0.001070357,0.02287894,0.01887579,0.8902746,0.007777696,0.0009806738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009337356,0.0003201329,0.4436318,0.001427031,0.006178372,0.0002234293,0.00649891,0.2191239,0.09432049,0.09894675,0.1191459,0.0008458565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9530274,0.0002225543,0.008583621,0.03036459,0.001429603,0.0004296477,0.0007445792,0.000004753194,0.00519328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968906,0.00003238086,0.0006222188,0.00215481,0.000133424,0.000007705276,0.00004018562,0.000006666893,0.0001120088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7913279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.476383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392286503","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idae005","title":"Banning oil and gas activities under international investment law: a problem of indeterminacy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indeterminacy (philosophy); Settlement (finance); Investment (military); Law; International investment; Political science; Fossil fuel; International law; Philosophy; Economics; Engineering; Foreign direct investment; Epistemology; Finance; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Jean‐Michel Marcoux","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360802747842304,"gpt":0.2526006323770834,"spread":0.2389926048986604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004410216,0.0001805928,0.0001968103,0.0005291381,0.00006006172,0.0004873684,0.0003450498,0.00004440681,0.0005524498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002507435,0.0001505661,0.0001468777,0.0001163699,0.0001102335,0.002122041,0.0001854872,0.0001949547,0.0000209138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001709634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006334775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007187995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003074675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980767,0.00001322889,0.0007315883,0.0001866375,0.0008444614,0.000147386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989423,0.00005996313,0.0005056929,0.00007612825,0.0003897001,0.00002622125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007782259,0.0001611644,0.0003865426,0.0001350841,0.0005024307,0.00003812534,0.0001853026,0.0002805561,0.003014045,0.9830546,0.006989976,0.005174317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00130067,0.0001001499,0.001377456,0.001113701,0.0001292641,0.0001166928,0.0007543736,0.01303107,0.002022667,0.05229944,0.9274318,0.000322746],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1482673,0.0007539419,0.002534477,0.03731415,0.005911411,0.0001781509,0.0001095619,0.00007831772,0.8048527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647545,0.0003304997,0.002528053,0.02783096,0.002523589,0.00001746903,0.0001086995,0.00003784047,0.001868398],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9307552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6139908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391175956","doi":"10.1093/jnlids/idad032","title":"The legitimation of international adjudication","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Dispute Settlement","topic":"International Law and Aviation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","keywords":"Legitimation; Adjudication; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Zuzanna Godzimirska","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0121015586348731,"gpt":0.3317657695548968,"spread":0.3196642109200237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001562112,0.00007807978,0.00009340957,0.0002076543,0.000170615,0.0002489017,0.000603204,0.00004383252,0.0004244769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003512472,0.00005732161,0.0001745368,0.0001413124,0.0001185967,0.0006790372,0.00004368595,0.0001465873,0.00003304862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002666533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001080939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001912344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976542,0.00008743197,0.0006742461,0.0001003074,0.001361756,0.0001220565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980801,0.0002814,0.0004711215,0.00007544763,0.00104131,0.0000505905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005397132,0.00007357651,0.001495907,0.000008703984,0.0003217726,0.000007153797,0.001595567,0.0002053238,0.0006958878,0.9371439,0.02400354,0.03439471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002324044,0.00005024523,0.01131114,0.000176315,0.0000293391,0.00001134546,0.0007881746,0.002020296,0.000932292,0.0105014,0.9738713,0.00007574887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09732673,0.004279582,0.09255002,0.3358266,0.06941654,0.001019639,0.0006179754,0.0001399003,0.398823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916333,0.002283711,0.0008638066,0.0001620476,0.001934848,0.000007498465,0.00006333362,0.000009751052,0.003041738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9498678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4647725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}