{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":8,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":8,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"db968a741307","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography"}},"results":[{"id":"W2884116387","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2018.2","title":"Dialect Contact and the Acadian French Subjunctive: A Cross-Varietal Study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; York University","funders":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology","keywords":"Prestige; Settlement (finance); Imperfect; Language contact; Salient; History; Identity (music); Linguistics; Selection (genetic algorithm); Geography; Genealogy; Art; Archaeology; Philosophy; Aesthetics","authors":[{"name":"Ruth King","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carmen L. LeBlanc","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Rick Grimm","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01525383008299546,"gpt":0.3349260160951443,"spread":0.3196721860121489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008795165,0.0002533742,0.0003652425,0.001832384,0.002288485,0.001790113,0.0005724072,0.0004714006,0.001936737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002317381,0.0001494057,0.0002033322,0.001877027,0.001315279,0.0004329857,0.0009693285,0.0003625992,0.0001913056],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002740756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009053753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3506651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5563777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991997,0.000262567,0.00003615115,0.0001853299,0.0001431956,0.0001730712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983121,0.0004299128,0.0003824852,0.000135378,0.0004779109,0.0002621252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001460528,0.00009824956,0.9604872,0.00001267123,0.00005880182,0.0003741947,0.03014411,0.00004439254,0.001476864,0.0002365818,0.0001288911,0.0067919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002334735,0.00004757501,0.9863772,0.000003401824,0.000008348261,0.0001338818,0.01288384,0.00005368243,0.00006725679,0.00002385785,0.0003929901,0.000005600573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995809,0.00003715669,0.00001844468,0.000008762639,8.327591e-7,0.000001944374,0.00002379367,5.153326e-7,0.0003277033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995919,0.00002806933,0.00003902113,0.000008728739,0.000001363724,0.000003786386,0.00004990764,0.000001065312,0.0002761589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6493349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.697248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999751657","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2019.9","title":"Debunking “pluri-areality”: On the pluricentric perspective of national varieties","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"German; Dialectology; Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Philology; Epistemology; Sociology; Linguistics; History; Mathematics; Philosophy; Archaeology; Gender studies","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Dollinger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02077755216115463,"gpt":0.3072482991528929,"spread":0.2864707469917382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004941862,0.0002899153,0.0003779208,0.001619674,0.00256805,0.004761839,0.0008992339,0.001007454,0.002504929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004311887,0.0001614782,0.0003916874,0.00119774,0.02300504,0.006690094,0.004849175,0.002113542,0.0001987203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00278249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001055839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00285294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003235233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969264,0.002089469,0.0001029076,0.0003582083,0.0003464238,0.0001766395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966329,0.00165616,0.0003318303,0.0006385957,0.0005858792,0.0001547415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004776371,0.000002304023,0.0002359202,0.000007755993,0.000001842203,0.00002518179,0.002350319,0.0001256527,0.00006088153,0.9953773,0.0001171332,0.001691001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001002004,0.00003646023,0.001437958,0.00009506528,0.00001578717,0.0001511333,0.007961401,0.0025287,0.0004337921,0.9570771,0.03023521,0.00001724939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3949506,0.003019407,0.1909861,0.0156813,0.000367808,0.000056542,0.0001059516,0.0001016996,0.3947306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932019,0.0002136567,0.004579437,0.000196992,0.00004642806,0.00001329273,0.00001419897,0.00002095049,0.001713113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004941862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02613539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253089283","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2013.2","title":"Settlement patterns and the eastern boundary of the Northern Cities Shift","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Settlement (finance); Dialectology; Bridging (networking); Archaeology; Economic geography; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Aaron J. Dinkin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01071081830905968,"gpt":0.2538287876571702,"spread":0.2431179693481105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001917934,0.00007005297,0.0001310144,0.0008454444,0.0009670993,0.0009499947,0.0001908026,0.0001124603,0.002651775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009519387,0.0001083539,0.00005579249,0.001236451,0.001029596,0.0004161425,0.001055395,0.0002644523,0.0001447381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00116216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007154162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1985615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5015036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998505,0.00003556193,0.000008928402,0.00003864557,0.00003114824,0.00003526658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994931,0.000101689,0.0001639031,0.00003593459,0.0001146276,0.00009061272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001329469,0.00003753678,0.94182,0.00003695821,0.00002698905,0.0003995219,0.03329492,0.0002472803,0.00269083,0.003432117,0.001046354,0.01683456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002621406,0.000008600262,0.9863397,0.00001115977,0.000003630546,0.00006465606,0.01164735,0.0001105428,0.00009805939,0.000145539,0.001563674,0.000004459456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978673,0.000042348,0.00003263888,0.00003966638,0.000002021759,0.000002380888,0.00005786237,8.562236e-7,0.001954818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.00004218562,0.00003696335,0.000006767947,0.000001587417,0.000004667774,0.00008679411,0.000001535098,0.0005708522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1985615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3948116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4353029394","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2023.1","title":"A comparative study of English vowel shifts and vowel space area among Korean Americans in three dialect regions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Vowel; Ethnic group; Linguistics; Mid vowel; Vowel length; Mainstream; Multiculturalism; Casual; Geography; American English; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Formant; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Cheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisa Jeon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dot-Eum Kim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04523142939800439,"gpt":0.3268111211695155,"spread":0.2815796917715111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002182063,0.0001540801,0.000153064,0.0005944247,0.0004771891,0.0004330072,0.0001163802,0.0001470018,0.00128945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000487621,0.0001132633,0.0001016284,0.0003951393,0.0003086884,0.0002006048,0.0004063369,0.0001169493,0.0001382832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001521472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001358765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006690071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02093601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998971,0.00002886296,0.00001102265,0.00002743982,0.00001440057,0.00002115136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997192,0.00007992788,0.00005864515,0.00001772021,0.00006976522,0.00005478321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005248731,0.00008436038,0.8888998,0.00005779972,0.00006516515,0.0007665795,0.04174502,0.00003964471,0.0562668,0.0000953269,0.00009961225,0.01135497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003848013,0.00008705872,0.9702921,0.000005259233,0.00001961284,0.0003771187,0.02798462,0.00004221552,0.0008620845,0.00001723839,0.0003025073,0.000006271427],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999858,0.00001087227,0.00001755438,0.000001705187,4.09864e-7,0.000001055843,0.000013908,2.634979e-7,0.00009619914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997988,0.00001910041,0.00005071098,0.000005243743,5.742822e-7,0.000002356487,0.00002823988,6.594886e-7,0.00009425268],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006690071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01330227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220954080","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2021.8","title":"Toward a picture of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran, as a linguistic area","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Universiteit Leiden; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Geography; Distribution (mathematics); Documentation; Plateau (mathematics); Language contact; History; Computer science; Archaeology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Erik Anonby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mortaza Taheri-Ardali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Stone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02661865125601015,"gpt":0.2350356560265836,"spread":0.2084170047705734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005891802,0.0001894905,0.00008429791,0.00309241,0.002310235,0.002244061,0.0003706135,0.000305788,0.001136841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006377648,0.0001137363,0.00008572219,0.003604071,0.002746926,0.001538133,0.0009759375,0.0005946737,0.0001211465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002249346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005253414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07473927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1416156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997476,0.00008838463,0.0000122665,0.00003549484,0.00007100976,0.00004523877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997388,0.00005255706,0.00006042984,0.00001344812,0.00009850343,0.00003622146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001691871,0.0001167176,0.2353749,0.0005313953,0.00003217296,0.002445685,0.4098138,0.001184157,0.01255717,0.1339811,0.01246491,0.1913288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001499587,0.00006143981,0.4035135,0.0002632056,0.00002672222,0.00172001,0.4755949,0.0006758751,0.0007853054,0.01020028,0.1071045,0.00003929449],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9347403,0.003543636,0.002262038,0.00519744,0.00006742601,0.00008529285,0.000376492,0.00003406088,0.05369336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952226,0.0008003169,0.002874446,0.0001540224,0.00001345685,0.0000245045,0.0001180241,0.000004024044,0.0007886798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07473927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1486085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307720925","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2022.10","title":"Subject relative<i>who</i>in Ontario, Canada: Change from above in a transplanted ecology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Prestige; Geography; Range (aeronautics); Subject (documents); Demography; Ecology; History; Sociology; Linguistics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Marisa Brook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02242955635342573,"gpt":0.255910882841006,"spread":0.2334813264875803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007846656,0.000169355,0.0004279948,0.001757185,0.008263489,0.002899464,0.0009908831,0.000459466,0.005542479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002385044,0.0001809981,0.0001588898,0.004788131,0.00427175,0.0009371199,0.001694887,0.0009072189,0.0003326106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04393501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02902701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9942032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9980509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990935,0.0001032567,0.00003053305,0.0001734912,0.0002300156,0.0003692574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970942,0.000270064,0.0004545722,0.0001521039,0.001283791,0.0007452976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001731088,0.00007120024,0.6169195,0.00009782193,0.00003927523,0.001215925,0.3231544,0.0001743404,0.001941927,0.009764611,0.01095144,0.03549646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005092494,0.00001608102,0.8435919,0.00007012508,0.00001268585,0.0001370041,0.1377405,0.0001647365,0.0001686134,0.0005910525,0.01747354,0.00002872378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857838,0.0002638121,0.0001024955,0.0009797848,0.00001549205,0.00001509216,0.0005343401,0.000008617272,0.01229659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966792,0.0000961342,0.00006969682,0.00007841316,0.000002815768,0.000004635582,0.0001514522,0.000008291235,0.002909367],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04393501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3187723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216716322","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2021.4","title":"The semiotics of the deictic field: Reckoning language and experience in East Los Angeles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Deixis; Indexicality; Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Sociology; Semiotics; History; Psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Dana Osborne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01782940706074369,"gpt":0.3164939410862431,"spread":0.2986645340254994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001173794,0.000347752,0.0002364212,0.001473883,0.006793804,0.006827411,0.0006502976,0.0006977106,0.003476744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00179279,0.0002233836,0.0001172281,0.000860988,0.02256657,0.004480748,0.003875647,0.001889087,0.0002259886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007784181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002095408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0617435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06659999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986182,0.0009629038,0.00003878502,0.0001012233,0.00009861229,0.0001802635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990585,0.000446887,0.0001588373,0.00007024615,0.0001390696,0.0001262897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002313879,0.00001019652,0.001282293,0.00003598917,0.000002694805,0.0003120501,0.8242044,0.00009154468,0.0004817519,0.1683502,0.001283694,0.003922003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006436555,0.00002249559,0.00287175,0.0001272417,0.000006516887,0.000208269,0.8873875,0.0002657255,0.0003078334,0.01319196,0.0955843,0.00002000547],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6948838,0.002345289,0.004092481,0.008001812,0.0001129761,0.00003021615,0.00009354196,0.00008904198,0.2903509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994606,0.0002443655,0.000191145,0.00006956338,0.000009932943,0.00001088433,0.00001370307,0.00001421438,0.004840205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0617435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1227682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413739327","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2025.10004","title":"Regional variation in English in British Columbia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Regional variation; Geography; Regional science; History; Political science; Astrophysics; Law; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Amanda Cardoso","is_ca":true},{"name":"Molly Babel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Pritchard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01075528757420841,"gpt":0.2772657869850345,"spread":0.2665104994108261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009972388,0.0002901597,0.0004546103,0.00319199,0.002932819,0.001952949,0.0009746737,0.0002557815,0.004631076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004133132,0.0001774107,0.0002765829,0.006848336,0.001269036,0.0003702588,0.001181556,0.0004472636,0.0002993234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02041651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01844302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9937866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987497,0.0001425837,0.0000693051,0.0003627541,0.0003518944,0.0003236344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959108,0.0004958059,0.0003171554,0.0001610094,0.002768958,0.0003464198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002292053,0.0000409813,0.8832745,0.0003029708,0.0002371842,0.0008807194,0.04129087,0.0009187854,0.004683641,0.003456174,0.005485531,0.05919942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002619995,0.000008472641,0.9802775,0.00008994879,0.00003347947,0.00007411449,0.01379573,0.0002744847,0.0001996905,0.0001677179,0.00504993,0.00002630023],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983851,0.001029986,0.0004043764,0.0004721196,0.00002012245,0.00003106921,0.003685101,0.00002551836,0.01048061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973561,0.000241247,0.0002467319,0.00004092789,0.000002078618,0.00001187061,0.0006837989,0.0000115992,0.001405632],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02041651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1481329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}