{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":8,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":8,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"db968a741307","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography"}},"results":[{"id":"W2884116387","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2018.2","title":"Dialect Contact and the Acadian French Subjunctive: A Cross-Varietal Study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; York University","funders":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology","keywords":"Prestige; Settlement (finance); Imperfect; Language contact; Salient; History; Identity (music); Linguistics; Selection (genetic algorithm); Geography; Genealogy; Art; Archaeology; Philosophy; Aesthetics","authors":[{"name":"Ruth King","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carmen L. LeBlanc","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Rick Grimm","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01525383008299546,"gpt":0.3349260160951443,"spread":0.3196721860121489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003434342,0.0001152934,0.0003031562,0.0002128263,0.0008155155,0.00021445,0.0003088035,0.0000901223,0.0002266868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01238143,0.00007573458,0.0001632443,0.0003493596,0.001314702,0.00004815244,0.00004114332,0.0003156473,0.000009426809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002408779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002734875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004113817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001430362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981476,0.0005213727,0.0004700492,0.000152238,0.0004361825,0.0002725557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971398,0.000794167,0.0004517378,0.0001377431,0.001287804,0.000188727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003528536,0.0002450808,0.8391581,0.000004429665,0.0003296868,0.000108326,0.09482688,4.529298e-7,0.000009185575,0.06377453,0.0005389338,0.0006515722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004882073,0.001032492,0.8915901,0.00001939209,0.0002749602,0.00003817289,0.003410476,0.00001949903,0.000004011777,0.02967756,0.06888021,0.0001710987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9424754,0.0005008327,0.001134321,0.001061134,0.007561088,0.0005064534,0.000007228145,0.00002741773,0.04672612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994314,0.00003941667,0.0002399511,0.0003412607,0.004903355,0.000003600461,4.123727e-7,0.000007542121,0.0001505182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09141641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999751657","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2019.9","title":"Debunking “pluri-areality”: On the pluricentric perspective of national varieties","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"German; Dialectology; Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Philology; Epistemology; Sociology; Linguistics; History; Mathematics; Philosophy; Archaeology; Gender studies","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Dollinger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02077755216115463,"gpt":0.3072482991528929,"spread":0.2864707469917382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002237757,0.00009052178,0.0002205758,0.0003643671,0.0002248558,0.00004175259,0.0003298761,0.00007944649,0.000493445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01130293,0.00006379998,0.0002247224,0.0004904216,0.0002175396,0.00002890801,0.0000241587,0.0002694802,0.00001527117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009692611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004704602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005888998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003442673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980547,0.000280318,0.0004349014,0.0001137291,0.0009216855,0.0001945965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949075,0.001392799,0.0006908565,0.0001088867,0.002825736,0.00007423281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005290527,0.0001054927,0.02205344,0.000007380264,0.0001092416,0.0000075333,0.01949844,0.00007034479,0.00001316578,0.957508,0.0005352857,0.00003875692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001251107,0.0005661308,0.0704859,0.000138194,0.0001441488,0.00002062807,0.02222076,0.00008007101,0.00007111404,0.8130236,0.09172232,0.0002760856],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.261417,0.000732398,0.001520519,0.009938086,0.01001023,0.0005675638,0.00003072377,0.00004203623,0.7157415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977434,0.00004313254,0.0003212946,0.0005187884,0.001211405,0.000001141813,8.336657e-7,0.000006279486,0.0001536739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7363265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253089283","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2013.2","title":"Settlement patterns and the eastern boundary of the Northern Cities Shift","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Settlement (finance); Dialectology; Bridging (networking); Archaeology; Economic geography; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Aaron J. Dinkin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01071081830905968,"gpt":0.2538287876571702,"spread":0.2431179693481105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001083874,0.00007493888,0.0001874833,0.00008178178,0.0003117948,0.000085179,0.0003146466,0.00004332749,0.0001822002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001629037,0.00003933318,0.0001698729,0.0001142399,0.0007268549,0.00002619792,0.00005707397,0.0001672191,0.000003248469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001209448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001418661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004711691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001263438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986793,0.000278876,0.000419788,0.00006777732,0.0003952095,0.0001590919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983764,0.0003572915,0.0005389714,0.0001305422,0.0005280425,0.00006871103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002065594,0.00003029035,0.948831,0.00001430031,0.00009115534,0.00000345223,0.03253737,0.000003153453,0.000001421616,0.01765054,0.0001808648,0.0006358485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001660933,0.00009579089,0.8301061,0.0001065215,0.0001814743,0.00001303488,0.008214819,0.00003608015,0.000006607848,0.104205,0.05524731,0.000126372],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786687,0.0005124201,0.0005239463,0.008039472,0.003246139,0.0002853906,0.00001745524,0.000007480065,0.008698932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982743,0.00007110859,0.0001187499,0.0005237109,0.0008956062,0.000003347165,4.638583e-7,0.000004886994,0.0001078184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1187249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4353029394","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2023.1","title":"A comparative study of English vowel shifts and vowel space area among Korean Americans in three dialect regions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Vowel; Ethnic group; Linguistics; Mid vowel; Vowel length; Mainstream; Multiculturalism; Casual; Geography; American English; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Formant; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Cheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisa Jeon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dot-Eum Kim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04523142939800439,"gpt":0.3268111211695155,"spread":0.2815796917715111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001326021,0.0001328362,0.0005161538,0.0008351798,0.0001910776,0.00004126316,0.0002442555,0.00007428803,0.00001890306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009305411,0.0001213851,0.000121156,0.001427407,0.0004923038,0.00004346889,0.00004938388,0.0003053299,0.000001119672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000294682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001691905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0086982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02443915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981633,0.0003195398,0.0005921142,0.0001847834,0.0004462278,0.0002940567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971073,0.0008291915,0.0006572008,0.0001426948,0.001080822,0.0001828039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005094488,0.0003041515,0.6925728,0.000006869647,0.0001013602,0.0001246366,0.3035139,0.00007105483,0.000004389716,0.00284344,0.0003641664,0.00004233436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011477,0.000538939,0.9398032,0.00007240018,0.0001082504,0.000001451585,0.04685231,0.00008997506,0.000001953475,0.009905815,0.001338746,0.0001392317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911905,0.00007484938,0.0001932622,0.0001796473,0.001510527,0.0002862009,0.000007606968,0.00002891489,0.006528484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987782,0.00008275498,0.0002948425,0.00002832873,0.0007712452,0.00000597815,0.000001652574,0.000008651578,0.00002830903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2566616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990396,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220954080","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2021.8","title":"Toward a picture of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran, as a linguistic area","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Universiteit Leiden; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Geography; Distribution (mathematics); Documentation; Plateau (mathematics); Language contact; History; Computer science; Archaeology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Erik Anonby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mortaza Taheri-Ardali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Stone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02661865125601015,"gpt":0.2350356560265836,"spread":0.2084170047705734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004759841,0.0004236545,0.001045376,0.0005691737,0.000255005,0.0002772612,0.0005423177,0.0001430018,0.002654965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007795259,0.0003141521,0.001139053,0.0003097073,0.0003994094,0.00006837492,0.0001198844,0.0006779569,0.00002808217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004698221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003387861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004740994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004227608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966083,0.000128739,0.001479848,0.0003720213,0.0009309297,0.0004802036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930916,0.0002958241,0.001327997,0.0004226124,0.004573178,0.000288811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001054001,0.003506236,0.03476632,0.003309814,0.009498938,0.02448552,0.2666531,0.0004024694,0.001296949,0.6439419,0.008531976,0.002552732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00485635,0.002182766,0.004005585,0.002719581,0.007937334,0.001399246,0.03365892,0.0005758072,0.002202493,0.2168014,0.7212536,0.002406914],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4945849,0.02003293,0.002337289,0.001443068,0.01784462,0.0008954313,0.0007491556,0.0002874148,0.4618252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885383,0.0001132459,0.001850576,0.0004188411,0.007006706,0.000003122371,0.00004162834,0.00004303985,0.001984491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7127216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307720925","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2022.10","title":"Subject relative<i>who</i>in Ontario, Canada: Change from above in a transplanted ecology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Prestige; Geography; Range (aeronautics); Subject (documents); Demography; Ecology; History; Sociology; Linguistics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Marisa Brook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sali A. Tagliamonte","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02242955635342573,"gpt":0.255910882841006,"spread":0.2334813264875803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001322542,0.0001109828,0.0003767132,0.0005309645,0.0002166475,0.00001397639,0.0003070796,0.00008014301,0.001608582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001302367,0.0001185209,0.0001143699,0.0005362288,0.0000844002,0.0000372982,0.00002861558,0.0008026088,8.644037e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007309127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002426341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9931989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9990955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978185,0.0005717178,0.0006179144,0.0001718383,0.0004686097,0.0003514519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985385,0.0006523436,0.0004080745,0.00008932896,0.0001878221,0.0001239378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001568676,0.0001367854,0.9408687,0.00000325492,0.00005215265,0.001769968,0.05009978,0.00004864181,0.000004625309,0.006550557,0.0002310917,0.00007751444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013167,0.0001491039,0.872744,0.00003605401,0.00004393784,0.00001672857,0.001888448,0.00002017043,0.000001218581,0.007864831,0.1157797,0.0001391105],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975957,0.0003237241,0.00004796582,0.001574493,0.006211859,0.0002731794,0.00007937188,0.000009846116,0.01552257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981418,0.00005526714,0.0003103315,0.0008059043,0.000526688,0.00001465122,0.0000122983,0.000008032482,0.0001250163],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1155486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216716322","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2021.4","title":"The semiotics of the deictic field: Reckoning language and experience in East Los Angeles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Deixis; Indexicality; Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Sociology; Semiotics; History; Psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Dana Osborne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01782940706074369,"gpt":0.3164939410862431,"spread":0.2986645340254994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008216409,0.00005110833,0.0001305227,0.00006449209,0.0002312273,0.00004145569,0.000199546,0.00005286649,0.0000339224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01633541,0.00003228729,0.00007927386,0.000333615,0.000216901,0.00001687658,0.00004477832,0.0001955408,1.211287e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001086647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001718012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002997377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001135714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989896,0.0002276114,0.0003289361,0.00006930144,0.0002394823,0.0001450589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998387,0.0007856501,0.0002933686,0.0001142275,0.0003683585,0.00005136415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004329909,0.0001104645,0.7890525,0.00003456166,0.00006385967,0.0002320946,0.1530616,0.00002532788,0.0005010932,0.05275833,0.0005144878,0.003602353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002135557,0.0002790691,0.4737062,0.001070694,0.0002766355,0.0002811081,0.3681596,0.0002597986,0.002551737,0.03823036,0.112551,0.0004982374],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823355,0.002853945,0.0002326033,0.001331133,0.00242779,0.00007459987,0.000003948743,0.000005004183,0.01073546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983747,0.0001962337,0.0007634902,0.0001998193,0.0004071499,6.421425e-7,1.420152e-7,0.000003017652,0.00005479255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3153463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9919504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413739327","doi":"10.1017/jlg.2025.10004","title":"Regional variation in English in British Columbia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Geography","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Regional variation; Geography; Regional science; History; Political science; Astrophysics; Law; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Amanda Cardoso","is_ca":true},{"name":"Molly Babel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Pritchard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01075528757420841,"gpt":0.2772657869850345,"spread":0.2665104994108261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001858136,0.0000468176,0.0002134106,0.0004411351,0.0001112331,0.0001633297,0.0002022624,0.0001220317,0.0001542568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01278883,0.0000762623,0.00009785115,0.0008737814,0.0001049334,0.00004400152,0.00001656621,0.0002718579,9.978999e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009284298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004851319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05883408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1877138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985912,0.0002252722,0.0005833275,0.000119296,0.00027235,0.000208499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984472,0.0003481737,0.0002671473,0.00006878715,0.000804375,0.00006428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001833635,0.0002203414,0.965324,0.00001322129,0.00002756175,0.0002045545,0.01153803,0.0000305391,0.000004434376,0.01823292,0.003180082,0.001205911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009219538,0.00002862579,0.8345255,0.0001595621,0.00001837973,0.000004368352,0.0009893446,0.00002030173,1.496325e-7,0.05298135,0.1102778,0.0000726525],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9093322,0.0007431588,0.001114975,0.001196607,0.01162081,0.0003069869,0.000006649789,0.00003973841,0.07563892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967343,0.000160017,0.00129925,0.0004296829,0.001001161,0.000002911694,0.000001404735,0.000003684345,0.0003676392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1307985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}