{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"5398d03f7e93","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Management and Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2998224842","doi":"10.29145/jmr/22/0202001","title":"Effects of Online Shopping Trends on Consumer-Buying Behaviour: An Empirical Study of Pakistan","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Heritage College","funders":"","keywords":"Advertising; Consumer behaviour; Variety (cybernetics); Affect (linguistics); Business; Marketing; Product (mathematics); Empirical research; Psychology; Computer science; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Dr Rizwana Bashir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irsa Mehboob","is_ca":false},{"name":"Waqas Khaliq Bhatti","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3725242068212429,"gpt":0.5637037291947233,"spread":0.1911795223734804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0073072,0.0000929251,0.0003606352,0.002235781,0.00009490405,0.00006488405,0.000648472,0.00007759498,0.00002940684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003988208,0.00006044398,0.00006843304,0.001046604,0.0002068353,0.0001782084,0.0002926154,0.0004966109,0.000002569895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003740803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003790738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000141747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003022653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956567,0.0006568807,0.0008032164,0.0002142773,0.002461488,0.0002074831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978997,0.0004905072,0.0003651834,0.0003191794,0.0007390046,0.0001864135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004551636,0.003988517,0.8853446,0.00002152535,0.00007776164,0.0003235344,0.001739163,0.00002556143,0.0001754129,0.00022481,0.003707889,0.1039161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002873501,0.004392385,0.9554209,0.00007670468,0.00006287677,0.00001225187,0.03535545,0.000085452,0.000173869,0.000485918,0.0009891677,0.00007149059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985089,0.0002044263,0.00005739195,0.0005599866,0.0001317546,0.0001661365,0.000001888592,0.000007126558,0.0003623504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986172,0.00005637125,0.0004250593,0.0000162111,0.00002733923,0.000001850635,4.627778e-7,0.000006499414,0.000849038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1038446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2532544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040472959","doi":"10.29145//jmr/71/070103","title":"The Rise of Spiritual Tourism in South Asia as Business Internationalization","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Religious Tourism and Spaces","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Burman University","funders":"","keywords":"Tourism; Religious tourism; Tourism geography; Internationalization; Prosperity; Ecotourism; Business; Product (mathematics); Globalization; Marketing; Context (archaeology); Economic growth; Political science; Economics; International trade; Market economy; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Farooq Haq","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anita Medhekar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04719767208229612,"gpt":0.3723722794310322,"spread":0.3251746073487361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002373851,0.00003174642,0.00007860123,0.0001560779,0.000194823,0.0001082791,0.0002620846,0.00002691823,0.00001976081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003121699,0.00002035764,0.00002381368,0.0004639575,0.0002071994,0.0001123521,0.00008564037,0.0001452146,0.000004469845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002019769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000626995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002112094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008797438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985558,0.0002245293,0.0002052846,0.00005843573,0.0008262012,0.0001297079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993775,0.0001079857,0.0001085499,0.00003784136,0.0003071116,0.00006099184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001019903,0.0003007526,0.1194931,0.0003329162,0.0003258615,0.0008631141,0.1375943,0.0005430858,0.0001340846,0.2042377,0.4472271,0.08792809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001467863,0.0002372752,0.0744184,0.0002066868,0.00002344804,0.000002244716,0.08514646,0.0004129073,0.000091658,0.0208918,0.8169816,0.000119654],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8956525,0.0043766,0.000260487,0.0426143,0.0001721417,0.0002569339,5.832427e-7,0.000004036134,0.05666247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860916,0.0108831,0.00006001992,0.00002705562,0.0002679389,0.000001067851,1.433932e-7,0.000002761501,0.002666297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3697545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1498441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2308536786","doi":"","title":"Mechanism of network marketing organizations expansion as pyramid structures","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Pyramid (geometry); Mechanism (biology); Marketing; Sales force; Business; Computer science; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ming Ouyang","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Stephen Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02374480564623547,"gpt":0.3028643676582102,"spread":0.2791195620119747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003102212,0.00008656763,0.0001551302,0.0005550084,0.0003097483,0.0002543099,0.0002155617,0.00003971012,0.0004073601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004047253,0.00006914276,0.00004220012,0.0009274675,0.00008200709,0.0008813458,0.0003239349,0.0002121206,0.000008904398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000246163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003027938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004160562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008651116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985113,0.00006056018,0.0003523901,0.000114107,0.0007177973,0.0002438232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987112,0.0001310544,0.0003482034,0.0001148103,0.0006736565,0.00002102972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004133064,0.0001139139,0.00161383,0.0006548211,0.000172977,0.00008930083,0.0001777252,0.001317591,0.0004076645,0.9701808,0.01054681,0.01431125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004222448,0.0001748633,0.06186393,0.0009846416,0.0002671116,0.00008272887,0.01376595,0.001038959,0.0006432074,0.7048911,0.21163,0.0004350242],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9083215,0.001260531,0.002446425,0.0070111,0.0008074155,0.0004899921,5.168383e-7,0.00003330616,0.0796292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959083,0.0007211595,0.001392157,0.0002691564,0.0007562097,0.000001463662,0.000002233344,0.00001613691,0.0009331384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2652897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4460308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2264985918","doi":"","title":"Fudged accounting theory, Evidence from the UK","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Goodwill; Accounting; Positive accounting; Capitalization; Business; Accounting standard; Book value; Variety (cybernetics); Management accounting; Accounting information system; Mark-to-market accounting; Economics; Flexibility (engineering); Financial accounting; Management; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Audra Ong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04399069419947696,"gpt":0.3010501786383517,"spread":0.2570594844388747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01170355,0.0001944838,0.0002512673,0.0003930845,0.0007304032,0.001095688,0.0009441059,0.00005402833,0.0007314291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01137043,0.000127209,0.0001149837,0.0009047579,0.0002283489,0.001267316,0.0007363263,0.0007843068,0.0001886302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006001101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002438826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000155349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003079286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968171,0.0002188609,0.0005190902,0.0003102942,0.001586432,0.0005482934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932227,0.0009781793,0.004892702,0.0003786769,0.0004996544,0.00002815303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003686832,0.0001459998,0.3582166,0.0004248535,0.0006260702,0.0003689468,0.000609673,0.0001432033,0.0003746183,0.2354795,0.1548366,0.2484052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00115128,0.0000432388,0.2190329,0.0009378287,0.0001990101,0.000008687003,0.004137172,0.000135785,0.00007711922,0.04598736,0.72798,0.0003095873],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8550392,0.006664187,0.04735559,0.007154947,0.001093939,0.0008765587,0.000001261771,0.00005206024,0.08176228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914918,0.001243705,0.000562601,0.0009917251,0.001369185,0.000009599556,8.981327e-7,0.00003042489,0.004300086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5731434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W576006476","doi":"","title":"Fudged accounting theory and corporate leverage","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Goodwill; Accounting; Leverage (statistics); Book value; Positive accounting; Business; Management accounting; Capitalization; Financial accounting; Capital structure; Accounting information system; Economics; Finance; Debt; Mathematics; Earnings","authors":[{"name":"Audra Ong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roger Hussey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03732678219603555,"gpt":0.2790079370180777,"spread":0.2416811548220421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007458623,0.0001931961,0.0002757472,0.0008912508,0.0005087456,0.0008080922,0.0004167961,0.00005849641,0.00009846556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001868837,0.0001600543,0.00006791438,0.0007232936,0.0002442781,0.00150458,0.0009219082,0.0006247628,0.00007492331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006857121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002123743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000469968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009998126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975953,0.00006974494,0.0004647035,0.0002953284,0.001069503,0.0005054064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934649,0.0001299559,0.005788108,0.0001923121,0.0003867447,0.00003795365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006223219,0.000235973,0.04313732,0.001470232,0.0004392294,0.001167366,0.0004265593,0.0004010098,0.0005746476,0.6133502,0.0111384,0.3270367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00622595,0.000164122,0.3018621,0.001031818,0.0002462997,0.00006512797,0.004198955,0.0001726154,0.0001287142,0.3116285,0.3735815,0.0006943368],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9365621,0.001022694,0.03037928,0.00246923,0.0003211024,0.0004001466,6.405222e-7,0.00004109209,0.02880374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993356,0.0008251796,0.0006246828,0.0006491282,0.0009429449,0.000005520333,0.000001436128,0.00003476908,0.003560351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3624431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7792451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274022836","doi":"","title":"Non-compliance with Accounting Standard for Lease Transactions Views from East and West","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Accounting and Organizational Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Lease; Compliance (psychology); Work (physics); Business; Structuring; Balance sheet; Accounting standard; Management accounting; Financial accounting; Balance (ability); Accounting information system; Finance; Engineering; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Audra Ong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1188063942359525,"gpt":0.3050140892823814,"spread":0.1862076950464289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001457034,0.000155203,0.0002441037,0.0005340804,0.0005073175,0.0004528781,0.0002628477,0.00003999622,0.0002427049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003074319,0.0001160004,0.00004866263,0.0004711823,0.0001338396,0.001096793,0.0001148011,0.0002338022,0.00002395578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002910649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001812371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001193856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000613782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984695,0.00001271521,0.0003512381,0.0002469806,0.0006017633,0.0003178433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988552,0.00005423322,0.0002652669,0.0001425514,0.0006484981,0.00003427365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01057083,0.002087318,0.434039,0.01042523,0.003740904,0.000722166,0.005541118,0.0003669261,0.0006197487,0.05528431,0.08405528,0.3925471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01113268,0.0006456652,0.5169207,0.002450812,0.00120299,0.0000335248,0.02091442,0.005172674,0.0002071658,0.02331309,0.4167864,0.001219809],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7934656,0.001535514,0.1532127,0.004344675,0.0006680704,0.00208354,0.00002024493,0.00006841306,0.0446012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907907,0.0002396627,0.006939434,0.0002762084,0.0006903726,0.000019026,0.000005205749,0.00003274042,0.001006623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3913273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4730358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}