{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":14,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"7939a0b4548b","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech"}},"results":[{"id":"W2953493809","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.10973","title":"Language Proficiency, Use, and Maintenance among People with Vietnamese Heritage Living in Australia","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vietnamese; Heritage language; Immigration; Psychology; First language; Multilingualism; Grandparent; Political science; Sociology; Gender studies; Medicine; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Sharynne McLeod","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Verdon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cen Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Van H. Tran","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03232996547072319,"gpt":0.3674751208394346,"spread":0.3351451553687114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00128203,0.0001566604,0.0003248069,0.0002122929,0.0001227835,0.0001893905,0.0001689062,0.0001196888,0.0001119266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000889105,0.0001161069,0.00004815163,0.000374206,0.0001986229,0.0004397034,0.00004484842,0.0003958248,0.000005112466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007374215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004487033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01199075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02373198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984772,0.0001459454,0.0004196941,0.0002186809,0.0003557316,0.0003827519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988742,0.0002655972,0.000304112,0.0001134865,0.0002169101,0.0002256812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006722988,0.0001203556,0.7406154,0.00004700348,0.00001276607,0.00007288689,0.2513762,0.00001498369,0.0007371782,0.0002975506,0.00002342987,0.00661509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001059988,0.000465979,0.8386722,0.0007184556,0.00002963067,0.0001937107,0.1552678,0.000171627,0.0006958448,0.0001403371,0.00214992,0.0004346067],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99813,0.0002596096,0.000002285845,0.0002398074,0.0002602362,0.0002579086,0.000002419162,0.00001432334,0.0008333888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939073,0.0001767755,0.0009206758,0.00009912752,0.0003255669,0.000001234545,4.171563e-7,0.00001291888,0.004555963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0980568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997481188","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.v1i2.11801","title":"Bulgarian Consonant Acquisition in Preschoolers with Typical versus Protracted Phonological Development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Consonant; Bulgarian; Speech recognition; Linguistics; Feature (linguistics); Psychology; Computer science; Vowel","authors":[{"name":"Barbara May Bernhardt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diana Ignatova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wendy Kwakye Amoako","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. Aspinall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stefka H. Marinova-Todd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph Paul Stemberger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kazuya YOKOTA","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01748038153976265,"gpt":0.284873220490079,"spread":0.2673928389503163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004853016,0.0001952707,0.0003489086,0.0002217497,0.00004449019,0.00004371932,0.0001595735,0.0002013869,0.0006963649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008696602,0.0001274714,0.00004755624,0.0002050872,0.00006735302,0.000108905,0.00004486966,0.000476798,0.00006274631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007473878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003919277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003521861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000950099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984564,0.00007910941,0.0005640638,0.0002670661,0.000290107,0.0003432064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992259,0.0001320501,0.0002590978,0.0001129589,0.0001358915,0.0001340762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.08999067,0.002892876,0.3944317,0.0001318548,0.0009355849,0.005381041,0.05448564,0.00006790857,0.008108408,0.001237158,0.0003580848,0.441979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02707262,0.003945571,0.9263111,0.0003721942,0.00009154729,0.001372417,0.01858743,0.00004401291,0.008010391,0.0003363637,0.01288722,0.0009691558],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966177,0.0005138514,0.00001916921,0.000162552,0.0006058918,0.0003205644,0.000001142207,0.00002057397,0.001738499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954771,0.00001923439,0.003902745,0.0001108103,0.0001438509,0.000004674219,0.000005433318,0.00001435534,0.0003218221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5318794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7624707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4298210853","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.20388","title":"Redeploying appendices in L2 phonology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Phonology; Linguistics; Obstruent; Syllabic verse; License; Persian; Psychology; Consonant; Vowel; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"John Archibald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marziyeh Yousef","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amjad Alhemaid","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02935303342139839,"gpt":0.3452161269592788,"spread":0.3158630935378804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001719727,0.0001472868,0.0003984549,0.0005915074,0.0001807879,0.00002606068,0.000405614,0.0001191426,0.00114106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001391339,0.0001308419,0.00009068975,0.0003747248,0.0001301339,0.00005095333,0.0002928831,0.001312577,0.00001662003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007415258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002111958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005678731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001498283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979774,0.0003373922,0.0006542478,0.0002663428,0.0003103364,0.000454251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990239,0.0002701985,0.000322944,0.0001776453,0.00008247011,0.0001228617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00639989,0.003178964,0.1685909,0.00009944105,0.0007349013,0.02013035,0.1674856,0.0004493295,0.07071532,0.001990748,0.003899352,0.5563252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03021085,0.02225642,0.4075917,0.0002588639,0.0003247191,0.076153,0.1386792,0.0009047032,0.03017172,0.07344551,0.2170601,0.002943221],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916164,0.004732772,0.000005009234,0.0005351378,0.001289528,0.0001190181,0.000007782394,0.00001312801,0.001681247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983286,0.0001906702,0.0003517789,0.0001936941,0.0003596225,0.000005636683,0.000001772156,0.00002000578,0.0005482378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.553382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379987887","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.23491","title":"The use of verbal inflections in Inuktitut child and child-directed speech","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Agglutinative language; Psychology; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Language development; Morpheme","authors":[{"name":"Hannah Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olga Alice Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shanley Allen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03407588709418931,"gpt":0.3067709184094725,"spread":0.2726950313152832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006150774,0.0001562992,0.0002908145,0.0003788025,0.0001912214,0.00006759154,0.0001431198,0.0001330559,0.00004185911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005493976,0.0001042933,0.00007484628,0.0007138724,0.0001479594,0.0001265175,0.00008248607,0.0004442685,0.000006084118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002207364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000990133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003601294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001003247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985669,0.00009454364,0.0006271749,0.0001800731,0.0002359047,0.0002953717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990603,0.0003024178,0.0002744776,0.0001370779,0.0001348663,0.00009082261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002345972,0.000854488,0.1463603,0.000113631,0.0007936735,0.001883457,0.07878436,0.0001501445,0.001808183,0.001684489,0.005175308,0.760046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01192986,0.001643213,0.7283653,0.0008062906,0.0002703745,0.006511736,0.03234186,0.0004930067,0.009331828,0.003851454,0.2031334,0.001321672],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948528,0.001685356,0.00000214312,0.0007516767,0.0006727732,0.0001396898,0.000006243144,0.00003733463,0.001852013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974762,0.001018055,0.000442079,0.000133195,0.0002794005,0.000001836192,0.000004051892,0.00001729708,0.0006279499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7587243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4252958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997372936","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.v1i2.11878","title":"Grammatical Gender in Atypical Language Development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Psychology; Grammatical gender; Noun; Sentence; Task (project management); Population; Preference; Typically developing; Developmental psychology; Sociology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Juana M. Liceras","is_ca":false},{"name":"Estela García-Alcaraz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0115807035154988,"gpt":0.2640288862382522,"spread":0.2524481827227534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004339802,0.0001153331,0.0002066946,0.00007705572,0.00002025532,0.00002259034,0.0001202279,0.0001171631,0.00002729771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000126224,0.00008948156,0.00006249357,0.00006239443,0.00002554293,0.000003642599,0.0001025611,0.0001711027,0.000008676184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001333861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001592467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006178879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001222912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989906,0.00003199015,0.0004316356,0.0001649983,0.0001689639,0.000211833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995922,0.00001768565,0.0001224196,0.000107197,0.00006836026,0.00009206951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001837024,0.0002187451,0.1300036,0.00009135572,0.00008845776,0.000111543,0.003493586,0.00007173492,0.7044162,0.00003623575,0.00003148158,0.1612534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003521427,0.001178935,0.2738946,0.0001378305,0.00003392153,0.002765461,0.003765924,0.0002611559,0.7024109,0.0004409231,0.01098428,0.0006046518],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984136,0.000947079,0.00008599279,0.00002942031,0.0001775014,0.00008164044,4.593846e-7,0.00000235121,0.0002619649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903946,0.0000588543,0.009035375,0.0000717779,0.000227402,4.164371e-7,0.000002560575,0.00001124102,0.0001977654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1606487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3648952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3117067143","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.17714","title":"Exploring the Stability of Second Language Speech Ratings through Task Practice in Bilinguals’ Two Languages","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Intonation (linguistics); Psychology; Task (project management); Linguistics; Baseline (sea); Perspective (graphical); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Second language; Narrative; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Kym Taylor Reid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mary Grantham O’Brien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pavel Trofimovich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aki Tsunemoto","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.125312070527536,"gpt":0.3424236449674753,"spread":0.2171115744399394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001817977,0.0002889112,0.0006169973,0.0001225703,0.000193585,0.000243023,0.0006143299,0.00006147994,0.000372638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002693891,0.0001875379,0.0001773656,0.0002219531,0.0004814704,0.001147376,0.0002195274,0.0009616656,0.000005970047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004166743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003143158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001355747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003246309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971794,0.0004250001,0.00123783,0.0002861581,0.0005443465,0.0003272678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964679,0.001463454,0.00099184,0.0003993315,0.0005634384,0.0001139722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003767041,0.0003336311,0.0005198006,0.0001943304,0.0001528685,0.0003925997,0.9350846,0.00002486782,0.02559963,0.006669293,0.00008405259,0.03056766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001654085,0.0005922053,0.000254509,0.0002054432,0.0001416061,0.0002709965,0.8963712,0.00004044663,0.08474188,0.001446458,0.01388584,0.0003953362],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799042,0.005173906,0.000006783341,0.002236029,0.0002580794,0.0002570648,0.00003683852,0.00003510771,0.01209203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947484,0.0004450176,0.002691409,0.0006820893,0.00131838,0.00000396513,0.000004681857,0.0000313613,0.00007466035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05914225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7647575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954166445","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.11126","title":"“I have three years old”","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Mental lexicon; Verb; Linguistics; Lexicon; Fixed point; Mental representation; Expression (computer science); Fixed effects model; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics; Cognition; Statistics; Panel data; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Elena Nicoladis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01396380078779503,"gpt":0.2882316944912383,"spread":0.2742678937034433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004793203,0.0001479614,0.0003001415,0.0001833738,0.00003271644,0.00004371498,0.0001953218,0.0001369859,0.001310763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007226405,0.0001135561,0.0001145027,0.0001121932,0.00004701976,0.00008979502,0.00005600206,0.0003139028,0.0001774255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002189981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001019245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001454877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008926848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987862,0.00003350526,0.0004442969,0.0001921299,0.0002679207,0.0002759609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992538,0.00008997192,0.0002587015,0.0001595259,0.0001167616,0.0001212123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008550096,0.0004245556,0.327961,0.00004223504,0.0004100327,0.001923687,0.03407641,0.00001085324,0.003210052,0.001335817,0.002087764,0.6276626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0204967,0.004455462,0.7627282,0.0004163551,0.0003981993,0.006354453,0.05406576,0.0001387484,0.008775369,0.02020785,0.11958,0.002382834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988047,0.00175865,0.0000180971,0.0001159146,0.001294722,0.0001180131,0.000002202439,0.00001784464,0.008627529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933264,0.00004799403,0.001366551,0.0003076264,0.0005021579,5.314103e-7,0.000001750137,0.00001972783,0.004427275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6252798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194696189","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.15682","title":"First-language-specific orthographic effects in second-language speech","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Orthography; Linguistics; Computer science; Reading (process); Psychology; Grapheme","authors":[{"name":"Yasaman Rafat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Veronica Whitford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc F. Joanisse","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natasha Swiderski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Cornwell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mercedeh Mohaghegh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Celina Valdivia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nasim Fakoornia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Parastoo Nasrollahzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leila Habibi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01285445005263399,"gpt":0.2921367932493083,"spread":0.2792823431966743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101553,0.0003278291,0.0006722,0.0006018574,0.0001003251,0.0001185505,0.0002571842,0.0002481511,0.0008549634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002705124,0.0002727327,0.0002294303,0.0007337328,0.00008292486,0.0001327689,0.00009340903,0.0008682628,0.00003803461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008667292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000191279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001112926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004486799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99729,0.0002336521,0.001045668,0.000468818,0.000411432,0.0005504733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982774,0.000507394,0.0004041416,0.0003397927,0.0002228192,0.0002484508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000735846,0.00136102,0.05916378,0.0003626785,0.000449686,0.07766869,0.1396497,0.00002163513,0.02304118,0.0007387451,0.001284878,0.6955221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02111443,0.002918345,0.4479574,0.003450023,0.0003308289,0.05528709,0.07633451,0.0001239209,0.1922371,0.003544141,0.1933214,0.003380802],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739819,0.02150227,0.00003292397,0.0001651976,0.001766686,0.0001562685,0.000006832512,0.00002984201,0.002358154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989958,0.0004430655,0.005926643,0.0002784749,0.0009317272,0.000003633714,0.000007988933,0.00004019075,0.002410224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6921413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403942481","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.25370","title":"Effect of perceptual training without feedback on bilingual speech perception","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Speech perception; Speech recognition; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Training (meteorology); Computer science; Communication; Neuroscience; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Martha Black","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anabela Rato","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yasaman Rafat","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03863528884986986,"gpt":0.3836758067117934,"spread":0.3450405178619235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00327257,0.0003854033,0.0008534853,0.0007095121,0.0001178861,0.0001023785,0.0003661416,0.0004221962,0.0008015877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004894664,0.0002737419,0.0003522491,0.0004183668,0.0003863462,0.0001033095,0.0000944805,0.001488636,0.0001079103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008337505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004270112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001554727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003597851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967437,0.0005026247,0.0009923114,0.0005135491,0.0006522735,0.0005955452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978434,0.001043072,0.0002834075,0.0002954337,0.0002635843,0.0002710343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003321885,0.0003226459,0.002415519,0.0002915339,0.0004708543,0.001421725,0.07101957,0.0000260481,0.1142811,0.0001522882,0.0004294162,0.8058475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03188072,0.1779711,0.106412,0.008042027,0.0031464,0.05881163,0.0952049,0.005736042,0.4713217,0.009354528,0.02658492,0.005534096],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928438,0.001999703,0.00001982932,0.0001898545,0.002164183,0.0002802439,0.00002369543,0.00004756356,0.002431136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959672,0.000279112,0.0005866183,0.00006417888,0.001913575,0.000002437523,0.000005480641,0.00005858405,0.001122829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8003134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302169248","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.19494","title":"Native language development of Dutch–English bilingual children in Australia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"First language; Language development; Language assessment; Psychology; Reading (process); Second-language attrition; Comprehension approach; Test (biology); English language; Linguistics; Language education; Developmental psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Marrit Janabi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisabeth Duursma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margot I. Visser‐Bochane","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefani Ribeiro Knijnik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans Bogaardt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05155591415345274,"gpt":0.4213279544784757,"spread":0.3697720403250229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002861076,0.0001796537,0.0004256226,0.0005449547,0.0003618226,0.00004193962,0.0004059418,0.00010128,0.0004420796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001473426,0.0001671104,0.0001187225,0.0006527585,0.0001957032,0.0001348947,0.0001364693,0.0006633528,0.000001953511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002549331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002711903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003522771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002716716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972335,0.0003473323,0.001018199,0.0002254185,0.0007902086,0.0003853089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983587,0.0002356553,0.0006651235,0.0001192537,0.0004060416,0.0002152416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001871417,0.0006237086,0.02024591,0.00002509123,0.00007420914,0.00006761207,0.8801222,0.0001035896,0.00112405,0.000824791,0.0001064889,0.09649525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005888149,0.001178633,0.068209,0.000272995,0.0001346839,0.0002941247,0.7861875,0.0000567373,0.05750957,0.002055581,0.07679505,0.001417968],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966505,0.0005599079,0.000002161719,0.0001765114,0.0008105165,0.0002247703,0.00001680632,0.00001679635,0.001542079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995244,0.00005370268,0.002291609,0.0001089256,0.0009528949,0.000002523242,0.000005887366,0.00001471153,0.001325754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09507728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6814566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955045889","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.11182","title":"A Unified Model of Mono- and Bilingual Intelligibility","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Intelligibility (philosophy); Operationalization; Linguistics; Computer science; Parsing; Speech error; Lexicon; Psychology; Speech recognition; Natural language processing; Speech production","authors":[{"name":"John Archibald","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04191365808253792,"gpt":0.3483376122351035,"spread":0.3064239541525656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001628679,0.0002276215,0.000666349,0.000329457,0.00005337918,0.00003223396,0.0003033981,0.0002921846,0.000162252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003049499,0.0001761363,0.0001406928,0.0002184723,0.0003056039,0.0000790981,0.0001802494,0.0007672465,0.00001402142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002751861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000401685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002497759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000560007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997839,0.000148842,0.0009192828,0.000370427,0.0003293054,0.0003931561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981102,0.0004227288,0.0004517247,0.0003470764,0.0004416337,0.0002266634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009352023,0.002835377,0.1172605,0.0007126449,0.001367265,0.0005377427,0.1044682,0.001106928,0.4187245,0.005747874,0.0003651843,0.3375218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02662193,0.02398863,0.1037242,0.001095927,0.0009327031,0.008189448,0.03474227,0.05570784,0.5328506,0.2046429,0.003910526,0.003593085],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995225,0.002321469,0.00007164509,0.0001317989,0.0004977136,0.0002296185,0.00001863694,0.0000116568,0.001492453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967455,0.0003893504,0.001669543,0.00006509593,0.0001995775,7.538954e-7,0.000001382937,0.00002186541,0.0009069653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3339287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7182631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7140534799","doi":"10.3138/jmbs-27481-bernhardt","title":"Acquisition of the German Rhotic by Children With Typical Versus Protracted Phonological Development","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"German; Phonological development; Phonology; Context (archaeology); Phonetics; Language acquisition","authors":[{"name":"Barbara May Bernhardt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aiming Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph Paul Stemberger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01184735468269601,"gpt":0.298385156087206,"spread":0.28653780140451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000276491,0.0001500556,0.000259719,0.0001064523,0.00009415021,0.00002251398,0.000223685,0.0001449997,0.0001301189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008413973,0.00008120664,0.00006465488,0.0002556169,0.0001300664,0.00004631745,0.00006408391,0.0003195677,0.000003478946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003785067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002762591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002050192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002495641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988393,0.00007215875,0.0004802953,0.0001697381,0.0002313565,0.0002071328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992897,0.00008502608,0.0002952841,0.0001233973,0.0001495487,0.00005705183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03001645,0.003748658,0.3356193,0.0001278548,0.003265285,0.0002530371,0.03749727,0.00001490153,0.01700849,0.00157266,0.00444492,0.5664312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007851835,0.0009012533,0.9401951,0.0001904353,0.0002054184,0.000323249,0.001937043,0.000006737355,0.04520749,0.0005198797,0.002328883,0.0003326898],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975337,0.0008335228,0.00004611653,0.0002598471,0.0004260477,0.0002257969,0.000002766134,0.00001298292,0.0006592461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983632,0.00001594379,0.001019003,0.0001361484,0.0000796603,0.000002585184,0.000005113631,0.000007375359,0.000370946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6045758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.331151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398254278","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.22392","title":"Code-switching in the speech of a balanced infant bilingual and early talker","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Code-switching; Computer science; Code (set theory); Speech recognition; Psychology; Programming language; Linguistics; Communication; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Photini Coutsougera","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01667558549834429,"gpt":0.3125747841933957,"spread":0.2958991986950514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001745903,0.0002297754,0.0004517984,0.000404862,0.00006037571,0.0001222266,0.0002539723,0.0001665932,0.00005621563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002748157,0.0001394026,0.0001221591,0.0004344446,0.000112427,0.0001501288,0.00007429964,0.0006645115,0.000003834072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002195717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002506266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004582267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003288804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979795,0.0001318915,0.0008766296,0.0002885583,0.0003912431,0.0003321794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989355,0.0004389343,0.0002552347,0.0001674346,0.0001139517,0.00008898768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009966239,0.000505381,0.1145427,0.0002981478,0.0004227375,0.006458932,0.2635866,0.000009812188,0.01601654,0.001907704,0.0003450387,0.5949098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02039081,0.007260079,0.5602297,0.004349542,0.001104804,0.02819459,0.2706697,0.001128918,0.0375252,0.02624791,0.03925662,0.003642202],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858262,0.01153355,0.00002848078,0.0003341845,0.0007119445,0.0001934713,0.000005687733,0.00002016361,0.001346333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998024,0.0002630795,0.00095309,0.0001648191,0.0004045308,0.000001570776,0.000001346053,0.00002258753,0.0001649745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5912676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5684673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180693707","doi":"10.1558/jmbs.15685","title":"The production of L2 Italian voiced palatal lateral and voiced palatal nasal by English-speaking learners","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); First language; Linguistics; Second language; Speech production; Sequence (biology); Reading (process); Duration (music); Psychology; Computer science; Speech recognition; Acoustics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Giulia Cortiana","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yasaman Rafat","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01848235436463498,"gpt":0.3122245452448646,"spread":0.2937421908802296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00117038,0.0001996315,0.00038759,0.0001166163,0.0002284619,0.000104757,0.0002121512,0.0002118003,0.00005068823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009484114,0.0001396488,0.0001143618,0.000237054,0.0003478289,0.0001168437,0.0001462487,0.0008238064,0.000003293386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002536776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001860288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001891063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002031139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979542,0.0002490987,0.0006810417,0.0003347153,0.0003567984,0.0004240936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983026,0.0003403345,0.0003937839,0.0002358493,0.0005586769,0.0001686883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003961908,0.001048692,0.07012244,0.0002212793,0.001702832,0.001848549,0.2004793,0.00002865007,0.432753,0.0003566066,0.002973302,0.2845035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01350661,0.00699723,0.1915283,0.0009052049,0.0007008478,0.01579851,0.08097921,0.0003855283,0.6096987,0.004045632,0.07323197,0.002222308],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921331,0.004556881,0.000002679947,0.0005992826,0.002016171,0.0001179016,0.00001721161,0.00001201501,0.0005447653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969155,0.0006110003,0.0001796057,0.00003807411,0.001017728,0.000001318845,0.000007937285,0.00002252425,0.001206361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2822812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5694712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}