{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"03e3734db72c","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W4387876663","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202322739","title":"Exploring teacher practices for enhancing student engagement in culturally diverse classrooms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Student engagement; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Aloysius C. Anyichie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Deborah L. Butler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samson Madera Nashon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.8466974552943116,"gpt":0.6282185253724024,"spread":0.2184789299219092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01809764,0.00006705245,0.0001538492,0.0003982493,0.0005478276,0.0002208796,0.0004001499,0.00005227797,0.000435382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009794753,0.00004993458,0.00008163421,0.0007641886,0.0000812022,0.0006459459,0.0001299056,0.0007176133,0.00009254538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004636815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001028878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003123114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001925072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963613,0.0008375203,0.0004166973,0.0001546156,0.001725507,0.0005044059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973512,0.001487371,0.0002447109,0.0000736538,0.000603908,0.0002392156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000159953,0.0006935751,0.05060194,0.00004008234,0.00007778325,0.0001066099,0.8653175,0.0001073758,0.001081948,0.00741916,0.01288466,0.06150942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004185537,0.000174281,0.1361678,0.00007344154,0.000004540248,8.56381e-7,0.60401,0.000004461582,0.00005546876,0.0005908655,0.2584228,0.00007697528],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821928,0.00009485403,0.00004120638,0.0107812,0.0004483766,0.0003371183,4.043548e-7,0.00001662485,0.006087436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984136,0.001893789,0.0006821558,0.00005214199,0.0009618992,0.00004872891,9.107091e-7,0.000007123007,0.01221722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2613075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380077453","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202318636","title":"When preservice and inservice teachers join forces: A collaborative way to support the enactment of new coding curricula in mathematics classrooms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Brock University","keywords":"Join (topology); Coding (social sciences); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Sociology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Laura Broley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chantal Buteau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jessica Sardella","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.260465954462457,"gpt":0.4618573532823064,"spread":0.2013913988198494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008558274,0.0001144575,0.0002956904,0.0004269414,0.0001640145,0.0002736509,0.001193666,0.00007390246,0.00002182959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001714272,0.00006257621,0.00006145708,0.001678235,0.00006607312,0.0002972649,0.0006931783,0.001070013,0.00001412937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001185132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003040401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003071361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001610348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967614,0.0006880907,0.0005427782,0.0002140278,0.001329998,0.0004637186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972746,0.001527425,0.0002226625,0.0002889238,0.0003968837,0.0002894977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000119036,0.000439599,0.00617362,0.000255414,0.00009083139,0.0002833681,0.6745216,0.001658379,0.001540648,0.01455926,0.01030003,0.2900583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005066788,0.01006909,0.04346573,0.003005281,0.00005905098,0.0003135938,0.3679377,0.0466297,0.0008813546,0.03422682,0.4874565,0.0008883559],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9520822,0.0002896707,0.02488287,0.02121912,0.0001004216,0.0005542799,0.000001524679,0.00004256189,0.0008273055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9317252,0.0001760652,0.06321377,0.0001625076,0.0001583589,0.0000202089,8.887378e-7,0.00002005692,0.004522975],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4771565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4648733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400738304","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202427891","title":"Backward design and authentic performance tasks to foster English skills: Perspectives of Hungarian teacher candidates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Langara College","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Carlos L. Alvarez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Branca Mirnic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jardel Coutinho dos Santos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Gabriela Pineda Guzmán","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1567203262266105,"gpt":0.4009266496711246,"spread":0.244206323444514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003074985,0.0001033069,0.000226075,0.0004126208,0.0002130942,0.0004281385,0.0002012029,0.00005137852,0.003777495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001141026,0.0000668038,0.0000852521,0.00007430212,0.0002303124,0.0002608526,0.00008462912,0.001046421,0.00003215235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005684931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001104758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006533779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002706997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982722,0.0004187963,0.0002983397,0.000172381,0.0005438372,0.0002944803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985043,0.0007558156,0.00005579758,0.0001049195,0.0004125764,0.0001665264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001687979,0.0001498561,0.0004558399,0.0001464544,0.000124142,0.00009092919,0.937263,0.00002783262,0.0004619339,0.00496543,0.006862204,0.04928365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007904407,0.003956754,0.002344979,0.001347283,0.00009686133,0.00009760589,0.6480469,0.001899664,0.0007586005,0.001140871,0.3391437,0.0003763839],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855465,0.00388176,0.0001838128,0.0009142435,0.0002085161,0.0001132361,0.000003209168,0.0000180176,0.009130687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825265,0.00009922698,0.0002953026,0.0000395686,0.001108885,0.000003089558,5.701821e-7,0.00001728715,0.01590959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3322814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395114913","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202427485","title":"Book Review: Theoretical and applied perspective on teaching foreign languages in multilingual settings: Pedagogical implications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Foreign language; Sociology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Shahzad-ul-Hassan Farooqi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1488531471018261,"gpt":0.483606397761938,"spread":0.3347532506601119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004752365,0.0001614183,0.000346864,0.0004326503,0.00035982,0.0003765314,0.0002595448,0.00008295255,0.005170004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002869099,0.0001030514,0.0001366573,0.00008453236,0.000542998,0.0001610672,0.00009550388,0.003322542,0.00005782076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001562865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001130845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004040615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001406853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975595,0.0006011691,0.000466161,0.0003222111,0.0006369924,0.0004140056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968243,0.002561446,0.00007614216,0.0001578219,0.0002056753,0.0001746782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007037135,0.0001278791,0.00002245977,0.0001850336,0.00003209383,0.0001881976,0.06578156,0.000003636536,0.000106075,0.8846204,0.02260664,0.02625564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005746355,0.0008730976,0.0002215571,0.002776913,0.00004987435,0.0002193475,0.2903425,0.0001363947,0.00005284654,0.01746927,0.6870003,0.000283267],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2937665,0.2707816,0.00006720423,0.03253596,0.0001199778,0.0005370678,0.00001752152,0.00009909554,0.4020751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866264,0.002442524,0.0000961798,0.003885075,0.001276405,0.00001630661,0.000003428428,0.00002779926,0.005625869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8671511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389681311","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202323599","title":"Effects of gender norms on intelligence tests: Evidence from ASIS","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Social psychology; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Deniz Arslan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ömer Faruk Tamul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Murat Doğan Şahin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Uğur Sak","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6128953418036621,"gpt":0.5837477491942494,"spread":0.02914759260941269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00858777,0.0001482687,0.0003929389,0.0005946037,0.0003817387,0.0001408475,0.001442395,0.0002403697,0.0008423039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02583832,0.0001076981,0.0002392068,0.002123173,0.0008804423,0.0003734664,0.000207036,0.001401497,0.0006712226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002835943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009462233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001851944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003724893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926984,0.001463604,0.0007053436,0.0003018149,0.004042219,0.0007885811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9835174,0.01391418,0.0002662443,0.000252977,0.001608088,0.0004411271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003188363,0.003500534,0.04085329,0.001086315,0.0006575863,0.00641677,0.3356672,0.001303829,0.08249351,0.2278176,0.02940666,0.2676083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000717869,0.008068671,0.1765101,0.003897947,0.0001232971,0.00002486812,0.1351605,0.0006407765,0.1871024,0.4650599,0.02164373,0.001050001],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876683,0.001313199,0.0005412579,0.00172282,0.0004826768,0.0003241948,0.000005157832,0.0000309258,0.007911511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921459,0.005591493,0.0002556417,0.00004429304,0.0008457651,0.000007219941,5.131155e-7,0.0000141805,0.001094979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2665583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9823675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412566508","doi":"10.33902/jpr.202533781","title":"The effect of participatory pedagogy and children s participation training on early childhood teachers views on children s participation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pedagogical Research","topic":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Education and Early Childhood Development","funders":"","keywords":"Citizen journalism; Psychology; Early childhood education; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Tuğçe Akyol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4837504180227983,"gpt":0.5866563196294339,"spread":0.1029059016066356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01012338,0.0001421946,0.0003529837,0.0002646186,0.0008765524,0.0001294292,0.0003403463,0.0001655217,0.00004811993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007677599,0.00008755058,0.0001396287,0.0004792544,0.0008284369,0.0001351683,0.00004496125,0.001202238,0.00001070032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001384831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004723148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002046744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000225416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934989,0.003931399,0.0005855567,0.0002153632,0.001196543,0.0005722092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955489,0.003496721,0.0002731921,0.0001861787,0.000256304,0.0002386953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003936614,0.0004305057,0.3068481,0.000008300409,0.0002223874,0.00000138381,0.4516139,0.00003978335,0.00005077751,0.007401439,0.001545427,0.2314444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007028716,0.001552622,0.9665259,0.0001050427,0.00005795408,5.60712e-7,0.02851668,0.000003050806,0.0002706059,0.0003770115,0.001810192,0.00007749804],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719813,0.0009999425,0.00001396725,0.02474056,0.0001604789,0.0004646172,0.000001705477,0.00001250191,0.001624884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986417,0.000283881,0.00001032527,0.000111482,0.000398794,0.00004176208,0.000001034053,0.000008956581,0.0005021027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6596778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9191358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}