{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"53b979df91aa","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness"}},"results":[{"id":"W2092137843","doi":"10.1080/19345747.2010.510179","title":"Effective Classroom Instruction: Implications of Child Characteristics by Reading Instruction Interactions on First Graders’ Word Reading Achievement","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Reading (process); Psychology; Mathematics education; Achievement test; Phonics; Phonemic awareness; Primary education; Standardized test; Pedagogy; Literacy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Carol McDonald Connor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frederick J. Morrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Schatschneider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica R. Toste","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin Lundblom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth Coyne Crowe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barry Fishman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05710163047992147,"gpt":0.4036920590853441,"spread":0.3465904286054227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002401044,0.0002377818,0.0004071702,0.001328213,0.0006256138,0.0000543128,0.0003680543,0.0001271568,0.0003236215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006019151,0.0002148554,0.000176362,0.0009209076,0.0002259892,0.0003252233,0.00004500933,0.001232718,0.00006167271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001130057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000200394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001209104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004749593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965987,0.001123118,0.0007686902,0.0003995165,0.0007140972,0.0003958743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947645,0.002812034,0.0007263715,0.0003729018,0.001100692,0.0002235152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0120085,0.01341838,0.3995075,0.0006406247,0.002987837,0.00002807751,0.02788359,0.00007964398,0.004891261,0.2160099,0.02126806,0.3012767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001229083,0.001217491,0.9769236,0.001419893,0.00002912334,0.0002534691,0.001176944,0.000003637971,0.003628284,0.002898898,0.01103128,0.0001882603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809123,0.00006091974,0.0005580038,0.003843297,0.003601822,0.0007265562,0.00004814079,0.00001783724,0.01023118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981595,0.00006505697,0.0003776223,0.00007095304,0.0006670313,0.0002907538,0.00004282943,0.00003569691,0.0002905203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5774161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8761548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974857108","doi":"10.1080/19345747.2015.1017680","title":"Enhancing Secondary School Instruction and Student Achievement: Replication and Extension of the My Teaching Partner-Secondary Intervention","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness","topic":"Parental Involvement in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Mental Health","keywords":"Coaching; Psychology; Psychological intervention; Mathematics education; Intervention (counseling); Academic achievement; Student achievement; Replicate; Population; Replication (statistics); Medical education; Medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph P. Allen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher A. Hafen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne Gregory","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amori Yee Mikami","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert C. Pianta","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09645273666469957,"gpt":0.4877024897862872,"spread":0.3912497531215877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01560862,0.00008630929,0.0001554942,0.0003327735,0.0005617721,0.00009906561,0.0002378232,0.00006489912,0.00002759759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003267015,0.00006836767,0.00006007644,0.0002991171,0.0003569879,0.0006624021,0.0001070522,0.0006651821,0.000002310422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008182832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001276307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002130904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952798,0.00275718,0.0004058606,0.0002305643,0.0011514,0.0001751291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971467,0.0009688545,0.0004419002,0.0002206639,0.001020888,0.0002010081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00128712,0.005877369,0.6399385,0.0008699154,0.0002780391,0.000001919863,0.04352449,0.0001496008,0.08028715,0.1123975,0.001902089,0.1134863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007449514,0.0003972135,0.9519215,0.0007242276,0.00001609679,0.00001204388,0.01874002,0.000007266868,0.008466547,0.017732,0.001170527,0.00006766491],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940816,0.0005695411,0.00007309735,0.002738614,0.001001035,0.0004759109,0.000003089446,0.00000428967,0.001052872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990466,0.0001136641,0.0001730791,0.00003433433,0.0004286772,0.00003688749,0.000005726041,0.000008196261,0.0001528749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3119829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5409668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2938782368","doi":"10.1080/19345747.2018.1517849","title":"Goal Setting, Academic Reminders, and College Success: A Large-Scale Field Experiment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness","topic":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","field":"Psychology","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Psychology; Scale (ratio); Test (biology); Task (project management); Medical education; Applied psychology; Randomized experiment; Medicine; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Dobronyi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Oreopoulos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Uros Petronijevic","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03357273122678649,"gpt":0.4436709673834795,"spread":0.410098236156693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004374408,0.0001212708,0.0002455953,0.0004305245,0.0001475086,0.00002861099,0.0002543166,0.00017889,0.003977915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003964639,0.0001030846,0.00007751102,0.0003326181,0.00008742871,0.000170146,0.00004950181,0.001080438,0.0001104003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002213194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004323504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001970067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001735398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973067,0.0008809356,0.0003570424,0.000277014,0.0008322133,0.0003461105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995171,0.00368325,0.0002187146,0.0002044956,0.0005228792,0.0001996558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002012831,0.001197305,0.8906927,0.0001452917,0.0001626051,0.0000313726,0.008164387,0.00003246075,0.001608328,0.05179649,0.04222064,0.001935589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00254712,0.001396872,0.9526513,0.0005106051,0.000009603095,0.0001779305,0.01432239,0.00001053355,0.00230357,0.003607023,0.0222787,0.0001843547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836863,0.0005950385,0.00006375809,0.004478236,0.001433668,0.0004695403,0.00001043749,0.000006279427,0.009256793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952182,0.00003302643,0.0001063972,0.0003477117,0.0005373549,0.00005553633,0.000005053821,0.00001606263,0.003680717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06195861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993988452","doi":"10.1080/19345740902979371","title":"Inattention and Response to the ABRACADABRA Web-Based Literacy Intervention","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Phonics; Literacy; Psychology; Reading (process); Intervention (counseling); Reading comprehension; Psychological intervention; Comprehension; Developmental psychology; Response to intervention; Mathematics education; Primary education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Louise Deault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Savage","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip C. Abrami","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03794490865209305,"gpt":0.4836772862673909,"spread":0.4457323776152978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0117887,0.00009658939,0.00014397,0.0008612726,0.0002089505,0.0001452113,0.0002404391,0.00005373491,0.0001806127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001328793,0.00006460749,0.00009036258,0.000578052,0.00005779093,0.0001752565,0.00001813727,0.0005328581,0.00008978374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003091638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003293696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001272772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.659903e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951605,0.003444475,0.0003188467,0.0001908814,0.0006568819,0.0002284212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942093,0.004461645,0.0001420755,0.0001836338,0.0008536653,0.0001497182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.07007674,0.00774147,0.04844949,0.0002428198,0.0003941848,0.0001360169,0.01598665,0.0008587621,0.01857079,0.04786172,0.0399164,0.749765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001080393,0.001818066,0.9781751,0.0006806638,0.000005924246,0.00007645093,0.0002647816,0.00003145726,0.0003986313,0.003699297,0.01369872,0.00007049001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9660742,0.0003104536,0.0004708616,0.03153129,0.0007460727,0.0003071647,0.000003284204,0.000005405871,0.0005512415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979388,0.000004744977,0.0002223961,0.0003955869,0.000301497,0.00004973549,0.000003500257,0.000008292742,0.001075501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9297256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4085752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410211897","doi":"10.1080/19345747.2026.2682772","title":"External Validity Bias of Purposive and Random Site Selection When Sites Can Opt Out: Evidence from the Head Start Program","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bell (Canada)","funders":"Institute of Education Sciences","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Selection bias; Head (geology); Head start; Statistics; Site selection; Psychology; Computer science; Econometrics; Mathematics; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Law; Developmental psychology","authors":[{"name":"Robert B. Olsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen H. Bell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emily Diaz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5488848819157832,"gpt":0.5824548225167185,"spread":0.03356994060093532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02888066,0.000288102,0.0009030033,0.001024398,0.0003907816,0.001011047,0.001597009,0.0002426682,0.0001426543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02895594,0.0001785975,0.0004257961,0.0006226071,0.0004763392,0.0003774438,0.0007151061,0.001971647,0.00001631511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006390821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003864633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001697522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009857527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9882348,0.006056059,0.001320065,0.0007232549,0.003337814,0.0003280644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.918053,0.07386371,0.001379095,0.0006113262,0.005874261,0.0002185915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007139451,0.001762889,0.6480228,0.0001837437,0.0002797671,0.00001725552,0.003887343,0.007141922,0.002501887,0.0002229844,0.006268329,0.3225716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001104546,0.001331615,0.6242819,0.006282316,0.0001025381,0.00003174616,0.0005050019,0.0008414562,0.00387064,0.3603476,0.00106571,0.0002348764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987843,0.001387761,0.001054192,0.006151148,0.001696465,0.001562081,0.0002562986,0.000007317001,0.00004176783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957762,0.000234427,0.002763113,0.00004423969,0.0007384627,0.0001918536,0.00001203123,0.00001378192,0.0002258927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3601246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}